CHETTINAD PUBLIC SCHOOL

MANAGIRI, KARAIKUDI

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

2023-2024

STUDY ON METHODS OF PURIFICATION OF WATER

NAME: JASON SAMUEL J

CLASS: XI-A
SCHOOL: CHETTINAD PUBLIC SCHOOL, KARAIKUDI
 MANAGIRI, KARAIKUDI -630 307

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that JASON SAMUEL.J student of class XI-A, Chettinad Public
School has completed the project on STUDY ON METHODS OF PURIFICATION
OF WATER. Under the Guidance and supervision of chemistry Teacher Mr.
EDWARDFELIX during the academic year 2023-2024 and has been submitted to
the department of chemistry

SIGN OF INTERNAL EXAMINER SIGN OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER

SIGN OF PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have

best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged support,
this time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have been
concerned with project.
Primarily I would like to thank God for being able to complete this
project successfully. Then I would like to thank Chemistry teacher
Mr.Edwardfelix J, M.Sc,B.Ed., Chettinad Public School whose valuable
guidance has been the ones that help me patch this project and make
it full proof success. His suggestions and his instruction have served as
the major contributor towards the completion of the project.
Then I would like to thank my principal and classmates who have
helped me their valuable suggestion and guidance has been very
helpful in various phases of the completion of the project.

JASON SAMUEL J
XI-A
 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that this project work has been originally caried
under the guidance and supervision of Mr. Edward Felix J, M.Sc,B.Ed.,
Chettinad Public School.

JASON SAMUEL J
XI-A
 INDEX

 WHAT IS WATER PURIFICATION?

 IMPORTANCE OF WATER PURIFICATION
 METHODS OF WATER PURIFICATION :
o BOILING AND DISTILATION
o CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT OF WATER
o FILTRATION
o REVERSE OSMOSIS
o UV LIGHT TREATMENT
o EFFECTIVE PURIFICATION OF WATER FOR
DRINKING
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 What is Water Purification?

 Water purification is the process of removing impurities or pollutant from

contaminated water to make it a clean water.
 Water purification is a refinement of water through the exclusion of undesirable
chemicals, impurities that lay suspended in the water.

Importance of Water Purification:

 Water purification system reduces the risk of water-borne diseases.

 Water purification system can reduce the risk of medical conditions such as
bladder cancer, colon cancer, and rectal cancer by removing chlorine on drinking
water.
 A whole house filter will benefit children to develop healthy immune systems
through the consumption of pure water.
 Pure water can benefit people with skin allergies.
 Pure water can is necessary for pregnant women as impure water can lead to
several birth defects and congenital health problems
 Home water purification system will prevent more than 2100 water
contaminants.
 Water purification system eliminates the risk of drinking contaminated water and
environmental pollution.
 BOILING AND DISTILLATION

BOILING:
• This is a straightforward and effective method of water disinfection
for drinking purposes. It is most prevalent in developing countries,
though sometimes in cases of water contamination in a particular
area it is also used in developed countries. You can also use it as a
safety method when you go to a place where the water quality is
not known.
• The process involves heating water in a container to its boiling
point. The boiling point of water is usually at 100 degrees Celsius/
212 degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the air pressure.
• Boiling water does not remove any foul taste or smell that may be
contained in the water. It also does not remove metals, herbicides
or sediment. However, it is the surest way of killing bacteria and all
other disease-causing microorganisms that may be contained in
water. Water-borne disease-causing organisms are not heat
resistant, and therefore, they die.

DISTILLATION:
 The vapors obtained after boiling are directed to another
container where they condense to form pure distilled water.
This way, most of the impurities that were contained in the
water is removed. These include sediment, salts, minerals
and chemicals. DISTILLED WATER SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR DRINKING
PURPOSES.
CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF WATER:

 The most common chemical disinfectants are chlorine and iodine, which are
halogens. Chlorine is the commonly used one.
 Chlorine in its effervescent form is very dangerous and therefore it's utilized in
the liquid state. It is usually in a compound with other chemicals but when in
water, it is released.
 CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF WATER The most common chemical
disinfectants are chlorine and iodine, which are halogens. Chlorine is the
commonly used one. Chlorine in its effervescent form is very dangerous and
therefore it's utilized in the liquid state. It is usually in a compound with other
chemicals but when in water, it is released. It is an effective disinfectant and kills
the micro-organisms contained in water. However, it leaves a foul smell and
taste in water. These can be removed by a carbon filter after the treatment.

FILTRATION:

 Filtration is a crucial water purification method at homes. Some

use personal safe water, which may contain sediment as
well as metals. It can also contain bacteria as well as excessive
minerals, depending on the area. Others who use municipal
water may have water that has the foul taste and smell of
chlorine. This is where water filters come in handy.
 Their many different of water filters, depending on the
water available in your local area. If the water in your area
contains a lot of sediment and no micro- organisms, then you
can go for a simple sediment filter. If the water contains
chlorine, you can buy a carbon filter.
REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM:

 Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a large

majority of contaminants from water by pushing the water under
pressure through a semi-permeable membrane.

 Certain types of water filters offer the best services and quality
in water filtration. They combine many filters for efficiency and
effectiveness so as to guarantee you highly purified drinking and
cooking water. These systems are called reverse osmosis water
filtration systems.
 The 5 Micron Polypropylene Sediment Filter
 Carbon water Filter
 I-micron propylene filter
 Osmotic Membrane
 Carbon post filter

UV-LIGHT TREATMENT:

 In this method, a UV lamp is used to produce UV light.

Contaminated water is then exposed to this light for
treatment. A dominant type of UV called UV-C or
'germicidal UV' is used in this process. It is an efficient and
trusted method of water purification. It destroys 99.99% of
disease-causing microorganisms. These include E. coli,
Giardia, and Cryptosporidium.

 When UV- Crays are exposed to the micro-organisms

contained in the water, the DNA of the micro-organisms
absorbs the rays. After absorption, these rays alter the DNA
of the pathogens is such a way that they can no longer
produce, and they permanently die. This process of altering
their DNA is called inactivation. The threat of water-borne
diseases is eliminated, and water made safe for drinking
purposes.
EFFECTIVE PURIFICATION OF WATER FOR DRINKING PURPOSES

In my opinion, a water filter should be affordable, easy to obtain/make and

efficient.
While researching methods based on these parameters, bio-filters seemed the
best option.
A bio-filter uses a multi-stage approach to removing impurities and pathogens
from the water, so that the water that remains is drinkable. A big advantage is
that you can make it yourself.
This is LAYERS for a bio-filter: -
Gravel
Sand
Activated charcoal
The first layer, gravel, is there to remove large pieces of debris from the water.
This would include things like small sticks, leaves and bug
The water then moves on to the sand layer, which removes smaller particulate
matter that managed to pass through the gravel.
Finally, the water passes through a layer of activated charcoal to remove bacteria
and some chemicals.
It is the activated charcoal that is the secret to a bio-filter's success Activated
charcoal or activated carbon (the same thing) is "activate by blowing air through
it. That air causes thousands of pores to open. up on the surface of the charcoal,
making convenient places for absorption of chemicals via bonding and capture
of bacteria.
 CONCLUSION

 Water purification and disinfection is crucial. It ensures that you and your family
are in good health, free from the dangers posed by consumption of contaminated
water. It is, therefore, crucial to choose a method of water purification for your
home, depending on the quality of water available in your local area.
 However, some methods in current use are not environment- friendly. They lead
to wastage of resources like water and electricity.
 Thus, methods like bio-filters should be popularized among the masses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Purifieradvisors.com
 Offthegridnews.com
 Ces.iisc.ernet.in____