Teacher Manual

Chapter-1 : Rational Numbers

Check What You Know (pg–8) D. Which of the following rational numbers lie between
1 1
A. Express in Standard Form : - and :
3 3
1 1× 3 3
1.
55
=
11 × 5 11
= 1. − = − =−
120 24 × 5 24 2 2×3 6
1× 2 1× 2
− 68 − 17 × 4 − 17 5 But, = − .....................
2. = = =−2 3× 2 3× 2
24 6×4 6 6 −2 2
B. Check whether the following pairs of rational numbers = ............................
6 6
are equivalent : 1 3 1 1
So, − or − does not lie between − and .
45 15 × 3 15 2 6 3 3
1. = = 3 −2
48 16 × 3 16 But − is less than .
− 15 15 6 6
and = 1 1
− 16 16 2. 0 lies exactly between − and .
3 3
15 15 5 1 1× 3 3
∵ = 3. = = =
16 16 10 2 2×3 6
So, both are equivalent. 3 2
>
13 13 × 1 1 −1 6 6
2. = = and 5 3 1 1
52 13 × 4 4 4 So, or does not lie between − and .
1 −1 10 6 3 3
∵ ≠ 4. −
1
= −
1× 3
= −
3
4 4 4 4×3 12
13 −1 −1 −1× 4 −4
No,
52
and
4
are not equivalent. Now, = =
3 3× 4 12
−7 − 21 −7 × 3 −7 1 1× 4 4
3. and = = and = =
8 24 8×3 8 3 3 × 4 12
−7 −7 3 −4 4
∵ = So, − lies between and .
8 8 12 12 12
Yes, both are equivalent. E. Name the property from the statements given below :
1. If a and b are natural numbers, then their product (a × b)
C. Fill in the blanks with >, < or = :
is also natural number.
−6 − 13
1. Ans. Closure property of multiplication.
7 14
−6 × 2 − 13 2. If a is an integer then a + 0 = a.
⇒
7×2 14 Ans. Identity property of Addition.
− 12 − 13
⇒ 3. If a is an integer, then a + (–a) = 0.
14 14
− 12 − 13 Ans. Inverse property of Addition.
⇒ >
14 14 4. If a, b and c are whole numbers, then (a + b) + c =
5 2 a + (b + c).
2.
6 3 Ans. Associative property of Addition.
5 2×2
⇒ 5. If a, b and c are integers, then a × (b + c) = a × b
6 3× 2
5 4 +a×c
⇒
6 6 Ans. Distributive property of Addition.
5 4
⇒ > Instant Act (pg–9)
6 6
25 −5
3. 1. Express the following as rational numbers :
36 −6
25 − 5 × (− 6) (a) 11 =
11
⇒
36 − 6 × ( − 6) 1
2
25 30 (b) 2=
⇒ 1
36 36
25 30 1 7
⇒ < (c) 2 =
3 3
36 36

Math Made Easy-8 1

2.Check whether the following rational numbers are 2.
Find the value of :
equivalent : 4 2 4×3 − 5× 2
− 12 − 18 × 2 − 18 (a) − =
36 5 3 15
(a) and = =
77 − 50 25 × 2 25 12 − 10
− 12 − 18 =
Here, ≠ 15
77 25 2 2
∴ These are not equivalents fractions. = =
15 15
−5 − 15 −5× 3 −5 −3 × 4 1× 5
(b) and = = (b) − −
3 1
= −
11 33 11 × 3 11 5 4 5× 4 4×5
−5 −5
∵ = − 12 5
11 11 = −
20 20
Hence, both are equivalents fractions.
− 12 − 5
3. Express the following rational numbers with positive =
20
denominators :
− 17 17
− 25 = =
(a) –25 = 20 20
1
46 −1 8 −1× 8
(b) 46 = (c) × =
1 4 13 4 × 13
56 −1× 2
(c) 56 = =
1 13
− 34 −2 2
(d) –34 =
1 = =
13 13
4. Express the following rational numbers in the standard Instant Act (pg–15)
form :
1. Fill in the blanks using properties of rational numbers :
7 −7 ×1 −1
(a) = = −8 4 4
− 63 7×9 9 (a) + = + .........
11 11 × 1 1 11 7 7
(b) = = −8
22 11 × 2 2 Ans.
− 10 10 × 1 1 11
(c) = − =−
20 10 × 2 2 5
(b) + ........ = 0
9 9 ×1 1 7
(d) = =
72 9×8 8 5
5 Ans. −
5. = Rational number 7
3 −8 −8
and 5 =
5
= Rational Number (c) ' .......... =
1 9 9
So, Shikha is correct as both are rational numbers. Ans. 1
5 2
Instant Act (pg–10) (d) × .............. × = 0
9 3
1.Give the absolute value of the following : Ans. 0

+ n = c + ..... m +
−3 1
+d
2 1 1 1
(a) (e)
3 2 5 4 2 4
2 2 2
Absolute value of = = . −3
9 3 3 3 Ans.
(b) − 5

× c − m = × ......... − × ......
5 2 1 1 2 2
9 9 9
Absolute value of − = − = . (f)
15 2 4 15 15
5 5 5
(c) –1 1 1
Absolute value of –1 = |–1| = 1. Ans. and
2 4
(d) 0 -3 2 1
2. For given values of a, b and c, a = ,b= c=
Absolute value of 0 = | 0 | = 0. 8 3 5
−8 verify that :
(e)
−9 (a)
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
−8 −8 8
= = . −3
+c + m
Absolute value of 2 1
−9 −9 9 LHS : a + (b + c) =
(f) – 25 8 3 5
−3 2 × 5 + 3 ×1
Absolute value of –25 = | –25 | = 25. = +d n
8 15
2 Math Made Easy-8
 − 3 10 + 3
+d n
4. Find the multiplicative inverse of :
=
8 15 11
(a)
− 3 13 7
= + 11 7
8 15 ∴ Multiplicative inverse of is .
− 3 × 15 + 8 × 13 7 11
= −4
120 (b)
9
− 45 + 104 59 −4 9
= = ∴ Multiplicative inverse of is .
120 120 9 −4
−3 2 1 15 − 15 15
RHS : ( a + b) + c = d + n+ (c)
− 22
× ( − 1) = =
− 22 22
8 3 5 15 22
−3× 3 + 2 × 8
= d n+
1 ∴ Multiplicative inverse of is .
22 15
24 5 − 11 11
(d) =
− 9 + 16 − 13 13
= d n+
1
11 13
24 5 ∴ Multiplicative inverse of is .
13 11
7 1 3 − 2 − 3× 2 6
= + (e) × = =
24 5 − 11 5 − 11 × 5 55
5 × 7 + 24 × 1 6 55
= ∴ Multiplicative inverse of is .
120 55 6
c + m+ = +c + m.
5 1 3 5 1 3
+
35 24 59 5. Verify :
= = 4 2 2 4 2 2
c + m+ = c + m+
120 120 5 1 3 5 1× 2 3
Hence, LHS = RHS Proved LHS :
4 2 2 4 2×2 2
5+2
= d n+
(b)
a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c 3

4 2
−3 2 1
LHS : a × (b × c) = ×c × m = +
7 3× 2
8 3 5 4 2×2
−3 2 7 6 7 + 6 13
=
8 15
× = + = =
4 4 4 4
+c + m = +d
5 1+3
−3× 2 −1 n
5 1 3
= = RHS :
4 2 2 4 2
8 × 15 20
5 4
−3 2 1 = +
RHS : (a × b) × c = d
× n×

4 2
8 3 5 5 4×2
= +
−1 1 −1 4 2×2
= × = 5 8 5 + 8 13
4 5 20 = + = =
Hence, LHS = RHS. Proved 4 4 4 4
Hence, LHS = RHS Proved
3.
Write the additive inverse of :
−3
Instant Act (pg–17)
(a) 1 4 5 7 8 10
7 1. (a) A ≡ , B ≡ , C ≡ = 1, D ≡ , E ≡ , F ≡ = 2.
−3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5
∴ Additive inverse of is −1 −3 −5 −6 −3
7 7 (b) P ≡ ,O≡ ,R≡ ,S≡ or .
6 4 4 4 4 2
(b) 2. Represent each of the following numbers on the
− 13
−6 6 number line :
∴ Additive inverse of is . 4
13 13 (a)
9 5
(c) 4
11  lies between 0 and 1.
9 −9 9 5
∴ Additive inverse of is or .
11 11 − 11 Divide the number line between 0 and 1 into 5 equal
2 parts and mark fourth part from 0.
(d) −
5
2 2 0 4 1
∴ Additive inverse of − is . 5
5 5
−1 −6
(e) (b)
3 7
−1 1 −6
∴ Additive inverse of is .  lies between 0 and –1.
3 3 7

Math Made Easy-8 3

 Divide the number line between 0 and –1 into 7 equal 2 3
parts and mark sixth part counting from 0. 4.
Find a rational number between and .
3 4
2 3
Sol. We know that, , ............... ,
1 6 0 3 4
7 By using equivalent rational numbers, we have
9 4 4 2×4 3× 3
=1 =1+
(c) = , ...................,
5 5 5 3× 4 4×3
9 8 9
So, lies between 1 and 2 on the number line. = , ....................,
5 12 12
Now, divide the number line between 1 and 2 into 5 8 9
equal parts and mark 4th part counting from 1. Now, a rational number between and
12 12
8 9
0 1 9 2 +
5 = 12 12
− 13 1 1 2
(d) =− 2 = − 2 − =
17
=
17
6 6 6
− 13 2 17 3
12 × 2 24
So, lies between –2 and –3 on the number line. Hence, < < .
6 3 24 4
Now, divide the number line between –2 and –3 into 3 5
6 equal parts and mark first part counting from –2. 5. Find ten rational numbers between and .
4 6
Sol. Using equivalent rational numbers, we have
3 13 2 3 48 144
6 × =
− 10 1 1 4 48 192
(e) = − 1 = − 1− 5 32 160
9 9 9 and × =
− 10 6 32 192
So, lies between –1 and –2 on the number line. So, we can write 10 rational numbers between
9
Now, divide the number line between –1 and –2 into 144 160
and as follows :
9 equal parts and mark first part counting from –1. 192 192
144 145 146 147 148 149 151 152
2 10 1 < < < < < < <
192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192
9
153 154 155 160
Instant Act (pg–19) < < < < .
192 192 192 192
2 5 9 Mental Maths
1. Represent
, , on the number line.
13 13 13
2 5 9 A. Fill in the blanks :
Sol.  , and lies between 0 and 1.
c m+ ( ) = c m+c m
13 13 13 1 12 1
So, we draw a number line and divide between 0 and 1 into 1.
17 5 17
13 equal parts and mark 2nd, 5th and 9th part counting 12
from 0. Sol. (By using commutative Property)
5
2 2
0 2 5 9 1 2. + ............ =
3 3
13 13 13
5 Sol. 0 (By using identity law)
2. Write five rational numbers which are smaller than .
6 9
4 3 2 1 0 5 3. 1 × .......... =
Sol. , , , and are rational numbers smaller than . 11
6 6 6 6 6 6 9
3. Find 12 rational numbers between –1 and 2. Sol. (By using identity law of multiplication)
11
12 + c + m = c12 + m + (......)
Sol. We know that, 5 6 5
4.
− 1× 5 2×5 6 7 6
= , ..................... 6
1× 5 1× 5 Sol. (Associative property of Addition)
−5 10 7
= , ....................,
(......) × c + m = c × m + c × ...... m
5 5 1 1 3 1 3
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5.
2 3 4 2 4
= , , , , , 0, , , , , 1 , , , , ,
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 1
Sol. and (Distibutive Property of Addition)
So, 4 3
−4 −3 −2 −1 16 16
1 2 3 4 6 7 6. + .............. =
< < < < 0 < < < < <1 < < 7 7
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
are 12 rational numbers between –1 and 2. Sol. 0 (Identity property of Addition)

4 Math Made Easy-8

B. True or False Ans. Correct option is (a).
a c a+c Explanation :
1. The sum of rational numbers and is .
b d b+d −3 3
=
Sol. False. −7 7
2. For every rational number x, x × 1 = x. −3 3
So, additive inverse of is .
−7 7
Sol. True. −1
5. The reciprocal of is :
3. If x + y = 0, then the negative of x will be –y where x 9
and y are rational numbers. (a) 9 (b) –9
1 2
Sol. False. (c) (d) 9
9 6
4. For any rational number x, x + (–1) = x. Ans. Correct option is (b).
Sol. False. Explanation :
−1 −9
5. Negative of 1 is 1 itself. Reciprocal of is =−9
9 1
Sol. False. − 11
6. Rational number lies between integers :
9
MCQs (pg–19) (a) 0 and 1 (b) 0 and –1
−5 − 13
1.
Sum of rational numbers and is : (c) –1 and –2 (d) –2 and –3
7 7
− 18 −8 Ans. Correct option is (c).
(a) (b)
7 7 − 11 2
8 7 Explanation : Since, = −1
(c) (d) 9 9
7 8
So, we use number line method, and we know that
Ans. Correct option is (c). 2
− 5 13 − 5 + 13 − 1 lies between to –1 and –2.
Explanation : + = 9
7 7 7 7. In rational numbers, closure property holds true for :
8
= (a) subtraction (b) multiplication
7
2. In which pair are the numbers not the negative of each (c) addition (d) all of these
other ?
Ans. Correct option is (d).
2 2 −4 4
(a) , (b) , −3
3 −3 5 5 8.
The number that should be added to to get the
1 −1 7 7 additive identity is :
9
(c) , (d) ,
2 −2 5 −5
−4 4
Ans. Correct option is (c). (a) (b)
9 9
Explanation : Since,
1
=
1 3 −3
2 2 (c) (d)
9 9
−1 1
and = Ans. Correct option is (c).
−2 2
−5 6 −3
3. On subtracting from we get : Explanation : +x =0
7 7 9
−3
x = 0 −d n
1 1
(a) (b) −
9
7 7
11 2 3
(c) (d) =
7 7 9
Ans. Correct option is (c). 2 (− 7)
9. The reciprocal of × is :
− c− m = +
6 5 6 5 5 8
Explanation : −7 − 20
7 7 7 7 (a) (b)
11 20 7
= 20 7
7 (c) (d)
−3 7 20
4. The additive inverse of is equal to :
−7 Ans. Correct option is (b).
3 7
(a) − (b) Explanation :
7 3
3 2 (− 7) 5 8 20
(c) (d) 0 Reciprocal of × is × = −
7 5 8 2 ( − 7) 7

Math Made Easy-8 5

 10. The additive identity and the multiplicative identity of −3 −3× 2 −6
rational numbers respectively are : and = =
5 5× 2 10
−5 −6
(a) 1, 0 (b) 0, –1 i.e., >
10 10
(c) –1, 0 (d) 0, 1 3
3. (a)
Ans. Correct option is (d). 4
11. A survey was conducted in a school to find out the 0 3 1
3 4
favourite games of the students. It was found that
5 −3
1 (b)
of the students liked football, of the students liked 4
4 3 5
hockey, of the students liked cricket and of the 1 3 0
7 7 4
students liked basketball. Which game was the choice
5
of the greatest number of students ? (c)
8
(a) Football (b) Basketball
0 5 1
(c) Cricket (d) Hockey 8
−5
Ans. Correct option is (b). (d)
8
Explanation :
3 1 5 0
Students who liked football = 8
5
1 7
Students who liked hockey = (e)
3 10
4
Students who liked cricket = 0 7 1
7
5 10
Students who liked basketball =
7 7 1 1
(f) =2 =2+
Take LCM of 5, 3, 7 we get 105. 3 3 3
3 × 21 1 × 35 4 × 15 5 × 15
So, , , , 7 2 3
5 × 21 3 × 35 7 × 15 7 × 15
63 35 60 75 3
= , , , . −7 1 1
105 105 105 105 (g) =−3 =−3
75 5 2 2 2
So, or or basketball was the choice of the
105 7
greatest number of student. 4 7 3
2
Crack the code (pg–21) 5 2 2
(h) =1 =1+
1 1 1 3 3 3
1. (a) Absolute value of = = .
10 10 10
−7 −7 1 5 2
(b) Absolute value of = = 7. 3
1 1
0 3 −3 3
(c) Absolute value of or 0 = | 0 | = 0. 4. (a) is greater than < .
1 7 7 7
−2 −2 2 1 −3
(d) Absolute value of = = = . (b) 0 is greater than < 0.
20 20 20 10 4
−2 −2 2 3 3
(e) Absolute value of = = . (c) is greater than > 0 .
− 15 − 15 15 7 7
3 5 −5 −5 −6
2. (a) < (d) is greater than > .
8 8 7 7 7
2 2×2 4 3 3× 3 9
(b) = = (e) = − =−
5 5 × 2 10 −8 8×3 24
2 4 −8 8×2 16
So, = and = − =−
5 10 12 12 × 2 24
1 −9 − 16
(c) > –40 ∵ >
2 24 24
−1 −1× 5 −5 3 −8
(d) = = ∴ >
2 2 × 5 10 −8 12
6 Math Made Easy-8
 5 5 × 3 15 LCM of the denominators is 63
(f) = =
11 11 × 3 33 2 × 7 −2 × 7 −4 × 9 5
−2 2 × 11 22 ⇒ , , ,
and = = 9 × 7 9 × 7 7 × 9 63
−3 3 × 11 33 14 − 14 − 36 5
22 15 ⇒ , , ,
∵ > 63 63 63 63
33 33 Writing in ascending order, we get
−2 5
∴ > − 36 − 14 5 14
−3 11 < < <
5 − 5 × 2 − 10 −7 63 63 63 63
5. (a) = = and 4 −2 5 2
−6 6×2 12 12 i.e., < < <
− 10 −7 − 7 9 63 9
∵ >
12 12 5 − 5 − 7 − 13
−5 −7 7. (a) , , ,
9 6 − 12 24
∴ < See the solution of Q. 6. (a).
6 12
− 12 − 12
(b) is smaller 0, than <0. − 7 5 − 13 − 5
5 5 > > >
− 12 − 2 × 5 − 10 − 12 9 24 6
(c) and –2 = = 7 3 − 7 − 19
5 5 5 (b) , , ,
− 12 − 10 − 15 5 5 − 30
∵ > Writing the rational numbers in positive denominators,
5 5
− 12 we get
∴ < –2 7 3 − 7 − 19
5 , , ,
−3 − 15 5 5 − 30
(d) 0 is smaller, than 0 < . The LCM of the denominators 15, 5, 5, 30 is 30.
5
−1 −1× 5 −5 − 7 × 2 3 × 6 − 7 × 6 19
(e) = = ⇒ , , ,
3 3×5 15 15 × 2 5 × 6 5 × 6 30
4 − 4 × 3 − 12 − 14 18 − 42 19
and = =
−5 5×3 15 ⇒ , ,
30 30 30 30
,
− 12 −5 19 18 − 14 − 42
∵ > ∴ > > >
15 15 30 30 30 30
4 −1 − 19 3 −7
∴ < 7
−5 3 i.e., > > >
− 30 5 − 15 5
− 12 4 −1 −2 5 −5 −2 5 −5
So,
15
is smaller than
−5 3
< .
8. (a) +d + n = d + n+
3 6 8 3 6 8
5 − 5 − 7 − 13
−2 −
+c − m
−
+d + n =
6. (a) , , , 5 5 2 5 5
9 6 − 12 24 L.H.S.
3 6 8 3 6 8
Writing the rational numbers in positive form.
−2 20 − 15
5 − 5 − 7 − 13 = +d n
, , , 3 24
9 6 − 12 24 −2 5
Taking LCM of given denominators 9, 6, 12 and 24 = +
3 24
is 72. − 16 + 5 − 11
= =
5 × 8 − 5 × 12 7 × 6 − 13 × 3 24 24
⇒ , , , −2 5 −5 −4 + 5 5
R.H.S. d + n+ = d n−
9 × 8 6 × 12 12 × 6 24 × 3
40 − 60 42 − 39 3 6 8 6 8
⇒ , , , 1 5
72 72 72 72 = −
6 8
On writing in ascending order, we get
4 − 15 − 11
− 60 − 39 40 42 = =
< < < 24 24
72 72 72 72 ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
− 5 − 13 5 − 7
−2 −3 −9 −2 −3 −9
i.e.,
6
< < <
24 9 − 12 (b) +d + n = d + n+
9 7 14 9 7 14
2 −2 4 5 −2 −3 −9 −2 −6 − 9
(b) , , ,
9 9 − 7 63 L.H.S. +d + n = +d n
9 7 14 9 14
Writing the rational numbers in positive denominators, − 2 − 15
we get = +
9 14
2 −2 4 5 − 28 − 135 − 163
, , , = =
9 9 − 7 63 126 126

Math Made Easy-8 7

 −2 −3 −9 − 14 − 27
R.H.S. dn+ = d n−
9 2 4
+ (c) We have, a =
−7
and b =
− 21
.
9 7 14 63 14
− 41 9 2
+
4
= − L.H.S. a+b=
− 7 − 21
63 14
− 82 − 81 − 163 −2 −4
= = = +
126 126 7 21
Hence, Verified − 6 − 4 − 10
∴ LHS = RHS = =
21 21
−2 −3 −2 −3
(c) –1 + d
+ n = d− 1 + n+ R.H.S. b+a=
4
+
2
3 5 3 5 − 21 − 7
−2 −3 − 10 − 9 −4 2
L.H.S. –1 + d + n = −1 + d n =
21 7
−
3 5 15
− 19 − 4 − 6 − 10
= −1 + d n =
21
=
21
15
− 15 − 19 − 34 ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
= =
15 15 −7
(d) We have, a = –3 and b = .
−2 −3 −3 − 2 3
R.H.S. d − 1 + n+ = d n−
12
3 5 3 5 −7
L.H.S. a + b = –3 +
−5 3 12
= − −3 7
3 5 = −
1 12
− 25 − 9 − 34 − 36 − 7 − 43
= = = =
15 15 12 12
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified −7
R.H.S. b+a= + ( − 3)
−9 3 −9 −9 3 −9 12
(d) d + n+ = +d + n −7 3
11 − 5 22 11 − 5 22 = −
−9 12 1
−9 3 − 45 − 33
L.H.S. d n+ = d n−
9 − 7 − 36 − 43
+ =
11 − 5 22 55 22 =
12 12
− 78 9
= − ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
55 22
− 156 − 45 3 −2
= (e) We have, a =
and b = .
110 4 5
3 −2
= −
201 L.H.S. a+b= +
110 4 5
−9 −9 15 − 8 7
3 −9 − 66 − 45
+d n = +d n = =
R.H.S. + 20 20
11 − 5 22 11 110 −2 3
− 9 − 111 R.H.S. b+a= +
= + 5 4
11 110
− 8 + 15 7
− 90 − 111 − 201 = =
= = 20 20
110 110 ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
−2
−7 2 (f) We have, a = –1 and b =
.
9. (a) Given, a = and b = . 3
5 7 −2
− 7 2 − 49 + 10 − 39 L.H.S. a + b = –1 +
L.H.S. a+b= + = = 3
5 7 35 35 −1 2
2 − 7 10 − 49 − 39 = −
R.H.S. b+a= + = = 1 3
7 5 35 35
−3 − 2 −5
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified = =
3 3
−9 −8 −2
(b) We have, a = and b = . R.H.S. b+a= + ( − 1)
13 5 3
− 9 − 8 − 45 − 104 − 149 −2 1
L.H.S. a+b= + = = = −
13 5 65 65 3 1
− 8 − 9 − 104 − 45 − 149 −2 − 3 −5
R.H.S. b+a= + = = = =
5 13 65 65 3 3
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified

8 Math Made Easy-8

 −2 −2 − 12 − 21
10. (a) We have, a = –2, b = and c = . (c) Given, a = and b = .
3 3 7 5
−2 −2 − 12 − 21 36
L.H.S. (a + b) + c = d − 2 + n+ L.H.S. a×b= × =
3 3 7 5 5
−2 2 2 − 21 − 12 36
= d − n− R.H.S. b×a= × =
1 3 3 5 7 5
−6 − 2 2
= d n− ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
3 3
− 8 2 − 10 − 13
= − = (d) Given, a = 0 and b =
3
.
3 3 3
−2 −2 − 13
R.H.S. a + (b + c) = − 2 + d + n L.H.S. a × b = 0×
3
=0
3 3
−2 2 − 13
= −2 + d − n R.H.S. b×a=
3
×0 = 0
3 3
−2 −4 −2 4 ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
= + = −
1 3 1 3 7 −9 1
− 6 − 4 − 10 12. (a) Given, a =
,b= and c =
= = 5 4 2
3 3
7 −9 1
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified L.H.S. a × (b × c) = × d × n
5 4 2
−5 3 − 13 7 − 9 − 63
(b) We have, a =
,b= and c = . = × =
9 −5 18 5 8 40
−5 3 − 13
L.H.S. (a + b) + c = d + n+ 7 −9 1
R.H.S. (a × b) × c = d × n×
9 −5 18 5 4 2
− 5 3 13
= d − n−
− 63 1 − 63

9 5 18 = × = .
20 2 40
− 25 − 27 13
= d n− ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
45 18
− 52 13 − 13 3
= − (b) Given, a = 1, b =
5
and c =
5
45 18
− 104 − 65 − 169 − 13 3
= = L.H.S. a × (b × c) = 1 × d × n
90 90 5 5
−5 3 − 13 − 39 − 39
R.H.S. a + (b + c) = +d + n = 1× =
9 − 5 18 25 25
−5 − 3 13 − 13 3
= +d − n R.H.S. (a × b) × c = d1 × n×
9 5 18 5 5
−5 − 54 − 65 − 13 3 − 39
= +d n = × = .
9 90 5 5 25
− 5 − 119 ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
= +
9 90
− 50 − 119 − 169 1 −7
= = 13. (a) Given, a =
, b = 0 and c =
90 90 3 6
−7
a × (b + c) = × d 0 + n
1
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified L.H.S.
3 6
−3 3 1 −7 7
11. (a) Given, a = 2 and b = = . =−
−5 5 = ×
3 6 18
3 6
a × b = 2× = 1 1 −7
L.H.S.
5 5 R.H.S. a × b + a × c = ×0 + ×
3 3 6
3 6
R.H.S. b × a = ×2= = 0 –
7
=−
7
5 5 18 18
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified ∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified
3 −5
(b) Given, a = and b = . −5 11
11 7 (b) We have, a =
, b = –2 and c =
2 3
3 − 5 − 15
= −5
× c− 2 + m
L.H.S. a×b= × 11
11 7 77 L.H.S. a × (b + c) =
− 5 3 − 15 2 3
× = − 5 − 6 + 11
×d n
R.H.S. b×a=
7 11 77 =
2 3
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified

Math Made Easy-8 9

 − 5 5 − 25 (b) By using mean method, we get
= × =
2 3 6 −1 − 2 −3
−5 − 5 11 First number = =
R.H.S. a×b+a×c= ×−2+ × 2 2
2 2 3 3
−1 −
5 55 30 − 55 − 25
= = 2 = −5
= − Second number =
2 4
1 6 6 6
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified −2 −
3
Third number = 2 = −7
− 13 5 −7 2 4
(c) We have, a =
,b= and c =
4 2 6 5
−1 −
− 13 5 − 7 4 = −9
L.H.S. a × (b + c) = ×d + n Fourth number =
2 8
4 2 6
− 13 15 − 7 −7
×d n
− 2 − 15
=
4 6 Fifth number = 4 =
2 8
− 13 8 − 13 −3 −5 −7 − − 15
= × = Hence, , , , and are five rational
4 6 3 2 4 4 8 8
− 13 5 − 13 − 7
R.H.S. a×b+a×c= × + × numbers which lie between –1 and –2.
4 2 4 6
− 65 91 1 1
+ 18. Using mean method, rational number between and is :
= 3 4
8 24 1 1
− 195 + 91 − 104 +
= = 3 4 = 4+3
24 24 2 2 × 12
− 8 × 13 − 13
= = 7
8×3 3 =
24
∴ LHS = RHS Hence, Verified 7 1 1
Hence, is a rational number between and .
11 9 − 10 − 1 11 × 9 × 10 1 24 3 4
14. (a) × × × = = 19. Using equivalent rational numbers,
5 22 9 5 5 × 22 × 9 × 5 5
3 −5 7 −2 × 3× 5× 7 1 −2 5 − 10
(b) − 2 × × × = =− × =
− 14 12 15 14 × 12 × 15 12 1 5 5
15. (a) From the number line, we get −3 5 − 15
and × =
2 1 1 5 5
A≡ i.e., − 10
6 3
−3 1 Thus, we can find three rational numbers between
5
and B ≡ i.e., − − 15
6 2 and as :
1 −4 5 5
(b) C ≡ , D ≡ and E ≡ − 10 − 11 − 12 − 13 − 15
9 9 9 < < < <
5 5 5 5 5 5
16. (a) lies between 0 and 1.
7 − 11 − 12 − 13
−8 Hence, , , are three rational numbers between
5 5 5
(b) lies between –1 and 0.
9 –2 and –3.
− 11
(c) lies between –2 and –3. 20. Using equivalent rational numbers, we get
4
15 −3 3 −9
(d) lies between 3 and 4. × =
4 2 3 6
4 2 8
17 and × =
(e) lies between 5 and 6. 3 2 6
3 −9
17. (a) Using equivalent rational numbers, we get Now, we can find five rational numbers, between
6
8
0 6 and as :
, ................................1 or 6
6 6 −9 −7 −5 1 5 8
1 2 3 4 5 < < <0< < <
i.e., , , , , 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6 6
−7 −5 1 5
1 1 1 2 5 Hence, , , 0, and are five rational numbers
i.e., < < < < are five rational numbers 6 6 6 6
6 3 2 3 6 −3 4
which lie between 0 and 1. between and .
2 3
10 Math Made Easy-8
Every Day Math (pg–23) HOTS (pg–23)
3 103
1. Distance travelled by foot = km 1. Total weight of bolt and nut = g
4 4
Distance travelled by train = 60 km
83
7 Weight of the nut = g
Distance travelled by rickshaw = km 8
3
Weight of the bolt = c − mg
Total distance travelled by Prateek 103 83
∴
3 7 4 8
= + + 60 206 − 83
4 3 = d ng
9 + 28 + 720 8
= 123
12
757 1 = g
= = 63 km 8
12 12 1
9 3 2. Required sugar for 1 fruit salad = cup of sugar
2. Other rational number = − 2
16 8
1
9−6 3  1 tablespoon = cup
= = 16
16 16
200 2 1
3. Speed = km/hr  2 tablespoons = cup = cup
3 16 8
9 1 1
Time = hours
2 ∴ Required difference = −
2 8
Distance = Speed × Time 4−1 3
200 9 = =
8 8
= × = 300 km.
3 2 Cross Curricular Connect (pg–23)
7
4. Score of Amit =
10 We have, density of different metals as
12 21 89 123 101 363 77
Score of Bala = , , , , ,
15 2 10 20 5 50 5
By using equivalent rational numbers method, we get,
Taking LCM of the above denominators of the given rational
7 3 21
× = numbers, i.e., L.C.M. of 2, 10, 20, 5, 50, 5 is 100
10 3 30
21 × 50 89 × 10 123 × 5 101 × 20 363 × 2 77 × 20
and
12 2
× =
24 ⇒ , , , , ,
15 2 30 2 × 50 10 × 10 20 × 5 5 × 20 50 × 2 5 × 20
1050 890 615 2020 726 1540
24 21 ⇒ , , , , ,
i.e., > 100 100 100 100 100 100
30 30 615 726 890 1050 1540 2020
⇒ < < < < <
12 7 100 100 100 100 100 100
i.e., > 123 363 89 21 77 101
15 10 i.e., < < < < <
Hence, Bala’s score is better than Amit. 20 50 10 2 5 5

qq

Math Made Easy-8 11

 Chapter-2 : Exponents
Check What You Know (pg–25) 2 2 2 2 2 2
Expanded form is × × × × ×
3 5 5 5 5 5 5
2 2 2 2 8
A. 1.   = × × = 6
5 5 5 5 125  3
(c)  − 
2 4
 1  1  1 1
2.  −  =  −  ×  −  = 3
4 4 4 16 Here, Base = − and exponent = 6
4 4
2 2 2 2 2 16
3.   = × × × = Expanded form is
3 3 3 3 3 81
 3  3  3  3  3  3
4
3
4 4 4 64   −  ×  −  ×  −  ×  −  ×  −  ×  − 
4.   = × × = 4 4 4 4 4 4
9 9 9 9 729 5
2
1 2
3 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 (d)  
  ×  
B. 1. = × × × × = 7
2 3 2 2 2 3 3 18
2
3
3 5
2
3 3 3 3 5 5 225 Here, Base = and exponent = 5
  ×  
2. = × × × × × = 7
4 6 4 4 4 4 6 6 1024
2 2 2 2 2
Expanded form is × × × ×
7×7
= 2 = c m
49 72 7 2 7 7 7 7 7
C. 1. =
64 8×8 8 8
(e) (−1)
7

2
7
= 6 Here, Base = –1 and exponent = 7
2
Expanded form = (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) ×
3×3
2
9 3 (–1) × (–1)
2. = =  
25 5×5 5
3
9
27 3×3×3 3
3
(f)  
3. = =   17
64 4×4×4 4
9
64 4×4×4 4
3 Here, Base = and exponent = 3
4. = =  17
125 5×5×5 5 9 9 9
Expanded form = × ×
−27 −3 × −3 × −3  −3 
3
17 17 17
5. = = 
8 2×2×2  2  2
5
3 (g)  
1 1 1 1  1 11
6. − = − × − × − = − 
216 6 6 6  6 5
Here, Base = and exponent = 2
Instant Act (pg–26) 11
3 5 5
1 Expanded form = ×
1. (a)  
3 11 11
4
1  8 
(h) 
Here, base = and exponent = 3.  —17
3
1 1 1 8
Expanded form is × × Here, Base = − and exponent = 4
3 3 3 17

2
6  8  8  8  8
(b)   Expanded form =  −  ×  −  ×  −  ×  − 
5  17   17   17   17 

15 × 15 × 15 × 15
4
2  15 
Base = and exponent = 6 2. (a) =  
5 17 × 17 × 17 × 17  17 

12 Math Made Easy-8

 ( —3) × ( —3
) × ( )—3
×( )×
—3( ) —3 −3 
5
 −2   3 
5 5
(−2) × (−2) × (−2) × (−2) × (−2)
(b) =   (d)   ×   =
7×7×7×7×7  7   9  4 9×9×9×9×9
2×2×2×2×2×2  2 
6
3×3×3×3×3
(c) =    ×
( —3) × ( —3
) × ( )—3
×( )×
—3( ) ×—3  −3 
( ) —3 4×4×4×4×4
1
6×6×6 3×3×3
3
216 3 = −
3. (a) = = =   7776
1000 10 × 10 × 10 5×5×5 5
6. (a) 28 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 256
5×5×5×5
4 4
625 5 1 35 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 243
(b) = =   or   (b)
10000 10 × 10 × 10 × 10  10  2
(c) (21)1 = 21
−1 (−1) × (−1) × (−1)  −1 
3
4
(c) = =    1  1  1  1  1 1
1000 10 × 10 × 10  10  (d)  −  =  −  ×  −  ×  −  ×  −  =
4 4 4 4 4 256
−21 × −21  −21 
2
441 6
(d) − = =   1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
484 22 × 22 22  (e)   = × × × × × =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 64
−1000 (−10) × (−10) × (−10)  −10 
3
2
=    1  1  1 1
(e)
27
=
3×3×3  3   − 
(f) =  −  ×  −  =
11 11 11 121
−196 (−14) × (−14)  −14 
2
 −7 
2
3
=  or 2 2 2 2 8
(f)
256
=
16 × 16  16   
8 (g)  
3 = × × =
3 3 3 27
2
6 6 6 36 (h) (–1)10 = (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1)
4. (a)   = × =
7 7 7 49 × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1)
5 =1
 3  3  3  3  3  3
(b)  −  =  −  ×  −  ×  −  ×  −  ×  −  1
4 4 4 4 4 4 7. (a) Reciprocal of 24 is
24
243
= −
1 1
1024
= =
3
2×2×2×2 16
 11  11 11 11 1331
(c)   = × × = 1
12 12 12 12 1728 (b) Reciprocal of (–5)3 is
( —5)3
7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(d)   = × × × × × × = 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 128
= =
( —5) × (− 5) × (− 5) −125
2×2×2×2
4
 2  16
4 5
3 3
(e)   = =
 −3  (−3) × (−3) × (−3) × (−3) 81 (c) Reciprocal of   is  
5 4
 −1   3 
2 4
(−1) × (−1) 3×3×3×3 5 × 5 × 5 125
5. (a)   ×   = × =
 3 4 3×3 4×4×4×4
=
4 × 4 × 4 64
4 4
9  2  3
=
256 (d) Reciprocal of  −  is  − 
3 2
 1  7
3 2
(−1) × (−1) × (−1) 7 × 7 3×3×3×3 81
(b)  −  ×   = ×
= =
14 5 14 × 14 × 14 5×5 (−2) × (−2) × (−2) × (−2) 16
1 Instant Act (pg–29)
= −
1400
1. (a) 25 × 27 = 25 + 7 = 212
3 3
 4  4 (b) (–3)5 × (–3)2 = (–3)5 + 2 = (–3)7
(c)  −  ×  − 
 3  5 4 6 4+6 10
3 3 3 3
(−4) × (−4) × (−4) (−4) × (−4) × (−4) (c)   ×   =   =  
4 4 4 4

= ×
3×3×3 5×5×5 5 4 5+4 9
 1  1  1  1
4096 (d)  −  ×  −  =  −  = − 

=  3  3  3  3
3375

Math Made Easy-8 13

2. (a) (23)6 = 23×6 = 218 On comparing the powers on both sides, we get
(b) [(–1)5]4 = (–1)5×4 = (–1)20 ⇒ p + 5 = 12
4
 2    2
3 3× 4 12
 2 ⇒ p = 12 – 5 = 7
(c)   −   =  −  = − 
 3    3  3 2
  1 3   1 5 3×2 5 6 5
1 1 1 1
4. (a)     ×   =   ×  =   × 
4 4 4
 4 
5
  −5  5   −5 
5× 5
 −5 
25 4 4
(d)     =   =   6+5
 6  6 6 1 1
11

=   =  
3. (a) (– 1)7 × (–1)9 = (–1)p 4 4
⇒ (–1)7 + 9 = (–1)p (b) [(–6)3]2 + [(–6)2]3 = (–6)3 × 2 + (–6)2 × 3
⇒ (– 1)16 = (–1)p = (–6)6 + (–6)6
On comparing the powers on both sides, we get
= 2 × (–6)6
⇒ p = 16
 −2   −2   −2 
4 13 19
3
3 3
12
3
5p
(c)   ×   ×  
(c)   ×   =   41 41 41
5 5 5
4 + 13 + 19
 −2   −2 
36

3
3 + 12
3
5p
=  
=  
⇒   =   41 41
5 5
3 1 1
(d) (−5)  × = ( −5) ×
2 2×3
15 5p
3 3 4
( —5)2 × 4
( —5) 
2
⇒   =  
5
5
1
= (−5) ×
6
On comparing the powers on both sides, we get
( —5)8
⇒ 5p = 15
⇒ p=3 = (–5)6 × (–5)–8
(c) (–4)4 × (–4)5 = (–4)p = (–5)6 + (–8)
⇒ (–4)4 + 5 = (–4)p = (–5)6 – 8 = (–5)–2
⇒ (–4)9 = (–4)p  1 7 
9 7×9
 1
(e)   −   × 3 =  −  × 3
60 60

 3    3
On comparing the powers on both sides, we get
⇒ p=9 63
 1
= −  × 3
60
(d) (53)2 = 53p
 3
⇒ 53×2 = 53p
= (–1)63 × (3)–63 × 360
⇒ 56 = 53p
On comparing the powers on both sides, we get = – 1 × 3– 63 × 360
⇒ 3p = 6 = – 3–3
⇒ p=2 1 19 + 18 1
(f) 6 × 6 × × 30
19 18
= 6
(e) (6 ) = 63 2 p–3 630 6
⇒ 63×2 = 6p – 3 = 637 × 6–30
⇒ 66 = 6p – 3 = 637 + (–30)
On comparing the powers on both sides, we get = 637 – 30
⇒ p–3=6 = 67
⇒ p=6+3=9
Instant Act (pg–34)
6
 3   2
3
p+5
1. (a) 80 = 1
(f)     =  
 7  7
1
0

2×6 p+5 (b)   = 1

3 3 3
⇒   =  
7
7  6
0

12 p+5 (c)  −  = 1
3 3 7
⇒   =  
7
7 (d) 40 – 30 + 80 = 1 – 1 + 1 = 1

14 Math Made Easy-8

 (e) 60 – 90 – 100 = 1 – 1 – 1 = – 1 —1
1 1 
(f) (3–1 – 4–1)–1 =  − 
3 3 3
3
3
4 1+ 3
3
4
3 3
4 4
3 4
  ×   ÷   =  
(f) ÷  =   ÷ 
5 5 5
5 5 5 5 −1
 4 − 3
=  
12 
4−4
3
=  
5 −1
1
0 =  
3 12
=   =1
5
= (12)1 = 12
  1  9  1  3    1  35  1  3  1
9+3
1
35 − 3
—2 −3 2 3
(g)    ×    +    ÷    =   +  4 3 9 2
 3   3    3  3  3 3 (g)   ×   =   ×  
9 2 4 3
12 32
1 1 9×9 2×2×2
=   +  = ×
3 3 4× 4 3×3×3
  2 8  2 5    2 3  2  6  3×3×3×3× 2× 2× 2 3
   ×    +    ×   
2. =
2× 2× 2× 2×3×3×3
=
2
 11 11   11 11 
—1

2
8+5
2
3+6 8 5
+  4. (a) L.H.S. =   =
=    11  5 8
11
—3
2 2
13 9 5
=   +   R.H.S. =  
8
11 11
1 So, L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.
3. (a) 5–1 =
5 5
For correct answer we should have in R.H.S. only.
2 8
 1 
(b) (–6)–2 =  
 −6  1
—1

(b) L.H.S. =   = (3)1 = 3

3
 −1   −1  1
=  ×  =
6 6 36 R.H.S. = 32 = 3 × 3 = 9
−3
 −3 
3
 5  For correct answer we should have (3)1 in R.H.S.
(c)   =  
 −3  −1
5   2  −2 
5×5×5 (c) L.H.S. =   −  
= =
125  3  
( —3) × ( —3
)×( )—3 −27
( −2)( −1)
 2
—1  1 
—1
 1 
1
= − 
(d) ( —5) ×   =   × (5)
1  3
5  −5 
2
 2
1 = − 
= − ×5 = – 1  3
5
−2 −2
×
—3 —3 3 3
3 3  8   16  =
(e)   ÷   =   ÷  3 3
8  16  3  3 
2
4 2
8 16 3 3
= =  
= 3÷ 3 9 3
3 3
−3
3×3×3
3
83 33 2 3 27
= 3× 3 R.H.S. =   =   = =
3 2 2×2×2 8
3 16
2
83 2
For correct answer we should have   in place of
= 3
16 3
−3
8×8×8 1 2
= =  
16 × 16 × 16 8 3

Math Made Easy-8 15

 (d) L.H.S. = 45 – 80 = 45 – 1 −5 −5
1 8  1 23 
= 1024 – 1 =  ×  + × 
6 1 3 1 
= 1023 −5 −5
4 1 8
0 =   + × 
R.H.S. = (–4) = 1 3 3 1
For correct answer we should have 45 –(–4)0 in R.H.S. 5 5
 3 3
9 –9 –1 =   +  
(e) L.H.S. = 5 × 5 ÷ 5
4 8
= 59 + (–9) ÷ 5–1 −3 −5 −5
1 1 1
6. (a) L.H.S. =   +   −  
= 59 – 9 –(–1) 3 2 2
= 50 + 1 = (3)3 + (2)5 – (2)5
=5 = 33 = 27 = R.H.S.

R.H.S. =
1 ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Hence, Verified
5 2
(b) L.H.S. = (–3) + (–3) – (–3) 3 –1

1  1
For correct answer we should have 5 in place of = (–3) × (–3) + (–3) × (–3) × (–3) –  − 
5  3
3 —4 3 + ( —4) 3−4
2 2 2 2 1
5. (a)   ×   =  
7 =  
7 = 9 – 27 +
7 7 3
−1 1
2 7 = – 18 +
=   =
7 2 3
(b) 49 ÷ 4–10 = 49 – (–10) −54 + 1
=
3
= 49 + 10
−53
= 419 =
3
(c) (78 ÷ 70) × 73 = 78 – 0 × 73
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Hence, Verified
= 78 × 73 (c) –3 –5
L.H.S. = [(–1) ] – (2 ) –5 2

= 78 + 3 = 711 = (–1)(–3)×(–5) – 2–5 × 2

(d) 8–3 × (82)–9 = 8–3 × 82×(–9) = (–1)15 – 2–10
= 8–3 × 8–18 1
= – 1 –
= 8–3 + (–18) 210
1
= 8–3–18 = −1 −
1024
= 8–21
1
1
21 = −1 ≠ R.H.S.
=   1024
8
Hence, L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.
−1
−3  7   1 1   12  −3 −7
(e) (3 ÷ 4 )  
2x
−3
=  3 ÷ 3   2 2 2
3 4  7  7. (a)   ÷   =  
12 5 5 5
 1 1   12  −3 − ( −7 ) 2x
=  ÷   2 2
 27 64   7  ⇒   =  
5 5
1 64 12
= × × 2
−3 + 7
2
2x
27 1 7 ⇒   =  
5
5
64 × 12 256
= = 4 2x
27 × 7 63 2 2
⇒   =  
(f) (6–1 ÷ 8–1)–5 + (3–1 ÷ 2–3)–5 5 5
−5 −5 Now, comparing the powers on both sides, we get
1 1 1 1 
=  ÷  + ÷ 3 2x = 4
6 8 3 2 
x=2

16 Math Made Easy-8

 (b) 58 ÷ 5–1 = 5x 81  1 
⇒ x= ÷ − 
58 – (–1) = 5x 625  125 
5 8 + 1 = 5x
81 −125
On comparing the powers on both sides, we get ⇒ x= ×
625 1
x=8+1=9
−81 1
(c) (–3) × (–3) = (–3)–9
x 2x
⇒ x= = —16
5 5
(–3)x + 2x = (–3)–9
(–3)3x = (–3)–9 11. Let the number to be divided by x, then
−2
On comparing the powers on both sides, we get  3 21
⇒  −  ÷ x =
⇒ 3x = –9 8 −25
⇒ x = –3
 −8  −21
2

8. (a) (–5) × (–5) ÷ (–5)7 = (–5)–3 + 3 – 7

–3 3 ⇒   ÷ x =
3 25
= (–5)–7
64 1 −21
 1
7
⇒ × =
= −  9 x 25
 5
1 21 64
2 3 8 2+3−8 ⇒ = − ÷
5 5 5 5 x 25 9
(b)   ×   ÷   =  
8 8 8 8
1 21 9 −189
—3 ⇒ = − × =
5 x 25 64 1600
=  
8 1600
3
i.e., x= −
8 189
=  
5
 −1 
—3 —4
x 2
12. We have, =   ÷ 
(c) (–1)4 ÷ (–1)–3 × (–1)16 = (–1)4 – (–3) + 16 y  3  3
= (–1)4 + 3 + 16 4
x 3
= ( −3) ÷  
3
= (–1)23 = – 1 ⇒
y 2
2 3
 4 2 x 81
9. Let the number x be multiplied by  −  to get   , ⇒ = −27 ÷
 5 3 y 16
then x 16
2 3 ⇒ = −27 ×
 4 2 y 81
x × −  =  
 5 3
x 16
3 2 ⇒ = −
2  4 y 3
x =   ÷ − 
3  5 −3 −3
x  −16 
= 
8 16 (a)  y   3 
x= ÷
27 25 3
 3
8 25
× = − 
x=  16 
27 16
27
x=
25 = −
54 4096
−1 −1
 −1   −3 
3 4
 x y  −16  −3  
10. Let x be multiplied by   to get   , then
5  5 
(b)  y + x  =  +  
 16  
 3
3 4 −1
 1  3  −16 3 
⇒ x × −  = −  =  −
 3 16 
 5  5
4 3 −1
 3  1  −256 — 9
⇒ x = −  ÷ − 
 5  5 = 
 48 

Math Made Easy-8 17

 −1 (e) 1689000000 = 1689 × 106
 −265 
= 
 48 
= 1.689 × 103 × 106
= 1.689 × 109
48
= − 1
265 3. (a) 5.2 × 10–2 = 5.2 ×
−3 x −3 −16
×
100
x 16 y  −16  16 3
= 
 3 
(c)  y  52
= = 0.052
1000
 −16 
1
3
= 

 3  (b) 3 × 10–5 =
105
16 3
= − = = 0.00003
3 100000
Instant Act (pg–37) (c) 1.8 × 103 = 18 × 10–1 × 103
1. (a) The distance from the Earth to the Sun = 18 × 102
= 149,600,000,000 m = 1800
= 1496 × 108 m (d) 2.005 × 108 = 2005 × 10–3 ×108
= 1.496 × 1000 × 108 m = 2005 × 105
= 1.496 × 1011 m. = 200500000
(b) The number of water molecules (e) 2.41532 × 106 = 241532 × 10–5 × 106
= 60230000000000000000000 = 241532 × 10
= 6023 × 1019 = 2415320
= 6.023 × 1000 × 1019 4. (a) 3.21 × 108 + 0.49 × 1010
= 6.023 × 1022 = 3.21 × 108 + 0.49 × 100 × 108
(c) Thickness of a sheet of paper = 0.0015 cm = 3.21 × 108 + 49 × 108
15 = (3.21 + 49) × 108
= cm
10000 = 52.21 × 108
= 15 × 10–4 cm (b) 4.6 × 1024 – 18 × 1023 = 4.6 × 10 × 1023 – 18 × 1023
= 1.5 × 10 × 10–4 cm = 46 × 1023 – 18 × 1023
= 1.5 × 10–3 cm = (46 – 18) × 1023
(d) Diameter of an aluminium wire = 0.000005 m = 28 × 1023
= 5 × 10–6 m 5. Thickness of a page = 0.0016 cm
(e) Size of a plant cell = 0.00001535 m ... Thickness of 500 pages = 0.0016 × 500 cm
= 1535 × 10–8 m = 16 × 10–4 × 5 × 102 cm
= 1.535 × 103 × 10–8 m = 80 × 10–2 cm
= 1.535 × 10–5 m = 8 × 10–1 cm.
(f) Average thickness of human hair = 0.0005 cm = 0.8 cm.
= 5 × 10–4 cm
2. (a) 0.000006 = 6 × 10–6 Mental Maths
(b) 0.00000012 = 12 × 10–8 1 1
1. The reciprocal of 23 is 3 =
= 1.2 × 10 × 10–8 2 8
= 1.2 × 10–7 2. 25 – 30 = 32 – 1 = 31
(c) 503000000000 = 503 × 109 3. ∵ 4x = 8
= 5.03 × 102 × 109 ⇒ (22)x = 23
= 5.03 × 1011 ⇒ 22x = 23
(d) 0.000000000544 = 544 × 10–12 ⇒ 2x = 3 (On comparing powers)
= 5.44 × 102 × 10–12 3
⇒
x=
= 5.44 × 10–10 2

18 Math Made Easy-8

 1 Hence, option (b) is correct.
4. 2–3 × 5–3 = 8. am × bm = (a × b)m
2 × 53
3

am × bm = am × bm, which is true

1 1
= = am × an = amn
8 × 125 1000
am+n = amn, which is wrong
5. 0.000000000000000008 = 8 × 10–15
a ÷ an = am– n
m

MCQs (pg–38) am – n = am–n, which is true

3 3 3 3 3×3×3×3 34 (am)n = amn, which is true
1.         = = 4
5 5 5 5 5×5×5×5 5 Hence, option (b) is not true.
Hence, option (a) is correct. 9. 17350 = 1735 × 101
= 1.735 × 103 × 101
2 2 2 1 1 1 1
3 4
2  1 
 3  ×  2  × × × × × ×
2. = = 1.735 × 104
3 3 3 2 2 2 2 Hence, option (c) is true.
1 10. Time taken to compute in 1 calculation
= 3
3 ×2 = 0.0000000000000026 sec
Hence, option (d) is correct. ... Time taken to compute in 700000 such calculation
3− 7 = 0.0000000000000026 × 700000 sec
 2   −2 
3 7
 2
3.  − 3  ÷  3  = − 
 3
= 26 × 10–16 × 7 × 105
−4
= 182 × 10–11
 2 = 1.82 × 10–9
= − 
 3 Hence, option (a) is correct.
 −3 
4

=   Crack the code : (pg–39)

2 −1 −1
 1 4  1 2    1  4− 2 
 —3  − 3  − 3  − 3 1. (a)    ÷    =   
=   ×   ×   ×    5   5    5  
2 2 2 2
2 × ( −1)
3
4
1
=   =  

2 5
−2
Hence, option (d) is correct. 1
=  
5
−27 —3× —3
× —3
4. =
64 4×4×4 = (5)2
( —3)3 (b) (35 ÷ 38) × 3–5 = 35–8 × 3–5
=
2×2×2×2×2×2 = 3–3 × 3–5
( —3)3 = 3–3 + (–5)
= = 3–3 – 5
26
= 3–1
Hence, option (a) is correct.
8
—1 1 1
3 7 7 =  
5. Since,   =   =   3
7 3 3
2. Let the number x multiplied by 2–8 to get 4–2, then
Hence, option (c) is correct.
x × 2–8 = 4–2
6. Since, 100º > 10º
x = 4–2 ÷ 2–8
1 > 1, which is wrong.
2 8
100º = 10º 1 1
x =   ÷  
1 = 1, which is true. 4 2
Hence, option (b) is correct. 1 1
x= ÷
1 16 256
7. The reciprocal of a–m =
am 1 256
x= ×
16 1

Math Made Easy-8 19

 x = 16 = 24 81 3×3×3×3
(b) =
1 1
−5 −3
1
3 x+1
1296 2× 2× 2× 2×3×3×3×3
3.   ×   =  
2 2 2 1
= 4
−5 + ( −3) 3 x+1 2
1 1
⇒   =   −1 −1  −1 
5
2 2 (c) = 5 =  
100000 10  10 
−5 − 3 3 x+1
1 1
⇒ 5×5×5×5
4
  =   625 5
2 2 (d) = =  
2401 7×7×7×7 7
−8 3 x+1
1 1 5 6
⇒   =   2 3 25 36
2 2 7. (a)   ×   = 5 × 6
3 4 3 4
On comparing the powers of both sides, we get = 25 × 36 × 3–5 × 4–6
⇒ 3x + 1 = – 8 = 25 × 36 + (–5) × (22)–6
⇒ 3x = – 8 – 1 = – 9 = 25 × 36 – 5 × 22 × (– 6)
= 25 × 3 × 2–12
−9
⇒ x= =–3 = 25 + (–12) × 3
3 = 25 – 12 × 3
1
3
= 2–7 × 3
4. (a)  
4 3
= 7
1 2
Base = and exponent = 3
 −1   −3   −1   −3 
7 2 7 2
4
(b)   ×   =   ×  3 
6 6  8  6 2
4
(b)  
5 −1 ( −3)
2

= 7 × 3× 2
6 2
4
Base =
5
and exponent = 6 −1 (−3) 2

= × 6
7 (2 × 3)7
2
 2
(c)  −  −1
 7 32
= 7 ×
2 × 37 26
−2
Base =
7
and exponent = 7 −32 × 3−7
= 7
6
2 × 26
 3  ( )
(d)   32 + −7
−4 = −
27 + 6
3
Base = and exponent = 6 32 − 7
−4 = −
213
13 × 13 × 13 × 13 × 13 135 3−5
5. (a)
15 × 15 × 15 × 15 × 15
= 5
15 = −
213
5
 13  1
=   = −
 15  2 × 35
13

−12 × −12 × −12 × −12 (−12)4  4

5
(−4)5
 −  × 5 = × (5)
3 3
(b) = (c)
13 × 13 × 13 × 13 134 5 (5)5

= (–4)5 × 53 × (5)–5
 −12 
4

= 

 13  = (–4)5 × 53 + (–5)
= (–4)5 × 53 – 5
32 2×2×2×2×2 = (–4)5 × 5–2
6. (a) =
100000 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
5 5
(−4) 5

2 1 =
5
2
= 5 =   =   52
10  10  5
20 Math Made Easy-8
8. (a) seventh power of 7 (d) (–7)8 ÷ 76 = 78 ÷ 76
= (7)7 = 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 78 – 6
= 8,23,543
= 72
(b) Fifth power of – 2 = (–2)5
11. (a) (32)6 = 32×6 = 312
= (–2) × (–2) × (–2) × (–2) × (–2)
= – 32 (b) [(–1)11]9 = (–1)11×9 = (–1)99
2
1  1
2
  9 3  9
3× 2

(c) Square of − =  −  (c)     =  

4 4  11  11
 1  1 9
6
=  −  ×  −  =  
4 4 11
1×1 6
=  32 
4×4 =  
11
1
= 312
16 = 6
(d) Thirteenth power of – 1 = (–1)13 = – 1
11
12. (a) (–2)5 × (–2)3 = (–2)2x
1
2
9. (a) Reciprocal of 2 is 2 ⇒ (–2)5+3 = (–2)2x
2
⇒ (–2)8 = (–2)2x
1 1
= = On comparing the power, we get
2×2 4
... 2x = 8
1
(b) Reciprocal of 34 is ⇒ x=4
34
(b) (5 ) = 52x + 3
3 7
1
= ⇒ 53 × 7 = 52x + 3
3×3×3×3
⇒ 521 = 52x + 3
1
= On comparing the power, we get
81
2 2
... 2x + 3 = 21
5 4
(c) Reciprocal of   is   ⇒ 2x = 21 – 3 = 18
4 5
⇒ x=9
4×4 24 10 3 x+1
= 9 9 9
5×5 (c)   ×   =  
 13   13   13 
16
= 24 +10 3 x+1
25 9 9
⇒   =  
 13 
3 13
 1
(d) Reciprocal of  −  is (–6)3 3 x+1
 6
34
9 9
⇒   =  
 13 
= (–6) × (–6) × (–6) 13
= –216 On comparing the power, we get
10. (a) (–4)11 × (–4)8 = (–4)11 + 8 = (–4)19 ⇒ 3x + 1 = 34
8+ 7 ⇒ 3x = 34 – 1 = 33
 −1   −1 
8 7 15
 1  1
(b)  −  ×  −  =   =  
4 4 4 4 ⇒ x = 11
17 −15 x− 5
 3   −3 
9 6
 3
17 15
3 3 3
(c)   ÷   =   (d)  −  ÷   =  − 
5 5 5  7  7   7
2 9−6 x− 5
3  3  3
=  
5
⇒  −  = − 
 7
7
3 x− 5
32  3  3
= 2 ⇒  −  =  − 
5 7 7

Math Made Easy-8 21

 On comparing the power, we get (b) 1.0873 × 1018 = 1.0873 × 1000000000000000000
... x–5=3 = 1087300000000000000
8
(c) 2.00005 × 10 = 2.00005 × 100000000
x=3+5=8
= 200005000
HOTS (pg–40) 704
(d) 7.04 × 10–5 =
6254 6254 100000
1. (a) =
1000000 106 = 0.00704
= 6254 × 10–6 3. (a) 2735000000000 = 2735 × 109
= 2.735 × 103 × 109
= 6.254 × 103 × 10–6
= 2.735 × 1012
= 6.254 × 10–3 (b) 89400000000000 = 894 × 1011
512614 512614 = 8.94 × 102 × 1011
(b) =
100000000 108 = 8.94 × 1013
= 512614 × 10–8 (c) 4007000000000000 = 4007 × 1012
= 4.007 × 103 × 1012
= 5.12614 × 105 × 10–8
= 4.007 × 1015
= 5.12614 × 10–3
(d) 0.0007256 = 7256 × 10–7
2. (a) 6.12 × 105 = 6.12 × 100000 = 7.256 × 103 × 10–7
= 612000 = 7.256 × 10–4
qq

22 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-3 : Square and Square Roots
Check What You Know (pg–42) and m2 + 1 = (4)2 + 1
1. 11 × 11 = 121 = 16 + 1 = 17
Hence, (8, 15 and 17) is a Pythagorean triplet.
2. 12 × 12 = 144
Instant Act (pg–49)
3. 16 × 16 = 256
1. (a) Resolving 729 into prime factors, we get
Instant Act (pg–47) 3 729
1. (a) 2157 3 243
The number end with 7 is not perfect square. So, 2157 3 81
is not a perfect square. 3 27
3 9
(b) 143543
3 3
The number end with 3, so 143543 is not a perfect 1
square.
729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
(c) 8318
∴ 729 = 3 × 3 × 3
The number end with 8, so 8318 is not perfect square. = 27
(d) 22242 (b) Resolving 1764 into prime factors, we get
The number end with 2, so 22242 is not perfect square. 2 1764
2. (a) 324000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 2 882
3 441
Here, we see that 5 has not a pair, so 324000 is not a 3 147
square number. 7 49
(b) 79622 = It is not a square number because its end 7 7
digit is 2. 1
3. 112 = 121 1764 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
2
101 = 10201 ∴ 1764 = 2 × 3 × 7
10101 = 1020302012 = 42
1010101012 = 10203040504030201
(c) Resolving 4096 into prime factors, we get
2 4096
This pattern is called palindromic numbers.
2 2048
4. 36 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 2 1024
Here 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are odd numbers. 2 512
2 256
5. Since, every natural number m greater than 1, (2m, m2 – 1,
2 128
m2 + 1) is a Pythagorean triplet.
2 64
(a) 2m = 4 ⇒ m = 2 2 32
m2 – 1 = (2)2 – 1 2 16
= 4 – 1 = 3 2 8
and m2 + 1 = (2)2 + 1 2 4
= 4 + 1 = 5 2 2
Hence, (4, 3 and 5) is a Pythagorean triplet. 1
(b)  2m = 8 ⇒ m = 4
∴ m2 – 1 = (4)2 – 1 4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 16 – 1 = 15 ×2×2

Math Made Easy-8 23

 ∴ 4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 3.
Resolving 7776 into prime factors, we get
2 7776
= 64
2 3888
(d) Resolving 9801 into prime factors, we get 2 1944
3 9801 2 972
3 3267 2 486
3 1089 3 243
3 363 3 81
11 121 3 27
11 11 3 9
1 3 3
9801 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 1
∴ 9801 = 3 × 3 × 11 7776 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
We locate that 2, 2, 3 and 3 exist in pairs, while other 2
= 99
and other 3 do not exist in pairs.
(e) Resolving 10000 into prime factors, we get
So, we must divide the given number by 2 × 3 = 6
2 10000 Therefore, perfect square number = 7776 ÷ 6
2 5000
= 1296
2 2500
2 1250 4. Total number of trees = 1521
5 625 Resolving 1521 into prime factors, we get number of rows
5 125 and trees in each row.
5 25 3 1521
5 5 3 507
1 13 169
13 13
10000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 1
∴ 4096 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 ∴ 1521 = 3 × 3 × 13 × 13
= 100 1521 = 3 × 13 = 39
2. Resolving 2400 into prime factors, we get Hence, 39 rows and 39 trees in each row.
2 2400 Instant Act (pg–51)
2 1200
81
81
2 600 1. (a) The square root of =
169
169
2 300 3× 3× 3× 3
2 150 =
13 × 13
3× 3 9
3 75 = =
5 25 13 13
484 484
5 5 (b)
The square root of =
9216 9216
1
2 484 2 9216
2400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 2 242 2 4608
We locate that 2, 2 and 5 exist in pairs, while 2 and 3 do 11 121 & 2 2304
not exist in pairs. 11 11 2 1152
1 2 576
So, we should multiply the given number by 2 × 3 = 6 to
2 288
get a perfect square.
2 144
Therefore, perfect square number = 2400 × 6 2 72
= 14400 2 36
∴ 14400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 2 18
3 9
14400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
3 3
= 120 1

24 Math Made Easy-8

 484 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 (d) 104
=
9216 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3× 3 1 1 08 16
11 11 1
= =
2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 48 20 08
625 625 0
(c) The square root of =
1296 1296 204 816
5 625 2 1296 816
5 125 2 648 ×
5 25 & 2 324 Hence, 10816 = 104
5 5 2 162
1 3 81 (e) 2002
3 27 2 4 00 80 04
3 9 4
3 3 40 00
1 00
625 5×5 × 5×5 400 80
=
1296 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3× 3 × 3× 3 00
5×5 25 4002 8004
= =
2 × 2 × 3 × 3 36 8004
29 225 ×
(d) 4 =
49 49
225 225 Hence, 4008004 = 2002
The square root of =
49 49 3. (a) Let us find the square root of 2361 by division method.
225 3× 3 × 5×5 3×5
∴ = = 48
49 7×7 7 4 23 61
=
15
=1
8 − 16
11 961 7 7 88 761
(e) 38 =
25 25 704
961 961 57
The square root of =
25 25
961 31 × 31 31 1 So, 57 must be subtracted from 2361 to get a perfect
∴ = = =6 square.
25 5×5 5 5
2. (a) 99 (b) Let us find the square root of 645 by division method.
9 9801
25
81
2 6 45
189 1701
4
1701
45 245
×
225
Hence, 9801 = 99 20
(b) 68
6 46 24 So, 20 must be subtracted from 645 to get a perfect
square.
36
128 1024 (c) Let us find the square root of 4498 by division method.
1024 67
× 6 44 98
Hence, 4624 = 68 36
88 127 898
8 77 44 889
64 9
(c) So, 9 must be subtracted from 4498 to get a perfect
168 1344
1344 square.
× (d) Let us find the square root of 194491 by division
Hence, 7744 = 88 method.

Math Made Easy-8 25

 441 (c) Let us find the square root of 4215 by division method.
4 19 44 91 64
16 6 4215
36
84 344 124 615
336 496
881 891 119
881 Here, 4215 is more than (64)2 by 119.
10
∴ The next square number will be (65)2
So, 10 must be subtracted from 194491 to get a perfect i.e., 65 × 65 = 4225
square.
So, 4225 – 4215 = 10
(e) Let us find the square root of 273682 by division Hence, 10 must be added to 4215.
method.
(d) Let us find the square root of 32576 by division
523 method.
5 273682 180
25 1 32576
102 236 1
204 28 225
1043 3282 224
3129 360 176
153 000
176
So, 153 must be subtracted from 273682 to get a
perfect square. Here, 32576 is more than (180)2 by 176.
∴ The next square number will be (181)2
4. (a) Let us find the square root of 5678 by division method. i.e., 181 × 181 = 32761
75 So, 32761 – 32576 = 185
7 5678 Hence, 185 must be added to 32576.
49
145 778 (e) Let us find the square root of 65538 by division
725 method.
53 256
2
Here, 5678 is more than (75) by 53. 2 65538
4
∴ The next square number will be (76)2 45 255
225
i.e., 76 × 76 = 5776 506 3038
To obtain 5776, we get 3036
5776 – 5678 = 98 2

So, 98 must be added to 5678. Here, 65538 is more than (256)2 by 2.

∴ The next square number will be (257)2
(b) Let us find the square root of 9991 by division method.
i.e., 257 × 257 = 66049
99
9 9991 So, 66049 – 65538 = 511
81 Hence, 511 must be added to 65538.
189 1891
1701 5. The greatest number of 4 digits = 9999
190 Let us find the square root of 9999 by division method
99
Here, 9991 is more than (99)2 by 190. 9 9999
∴ The next square number will be (100)2 81
189 1899
i.e., 100 × 100 = 10000 1701
To obtain 10000, we get 198
Thus, the required number = 9999 – 198
10000 – 9991 = 9
= 9801
Hence, 9 must be added to 9991. Hence, 9801 is greatest four digit perfect square number.
26 Math Made Easy-8
6. The least number of 6 digits = 100000 3. 0.252
2 0.064000
Let us find the square root of 100000 by division method 4
316 45 240
3 100000 225
9 502 1500
61 100 1004
61 496
626 3900 ∴ 0.064 = 0.25
3756
144 Mental Maths (pg–55)
Here, 100000 is more than (316)2 by 144 1. There are 8 perfect squares between 1 and 100.
∴ The next square number will be (317)2 Like as 4, 8, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 are perfect squares.
i.e., 317 × 317 = 100489 2. Equivalent
∴ The number to be added = 100489 – 100000 3. 64

= 489 4. 9
5. 4(n + 1)
∴ Required perfect square number of least 6 digits =
100489. 6. 2
7. even
Instant Act (pg–54)
8. 64
1. (a) 1.6 (b) 1.8 6 4096
1 2.56 1 3.24 36
1 1 124 496
26 156 28 224 496
156 224 ×
× ×
∴ 4096 = 64
∴ 2.56 = 1.6 ∴ 3.24 = 1.8 9. 9
(c) 3.6 (d) 6.4 10. Let us find the square root of 1500, we get
3 12.96 6 40.96 38
9 36 3 1500
66 396 124 496 9
396 496 68 600
× × 544
56
∴ 12.96 = 3.6 ∴ 40.96 = 6.4
We observed that (38)2 < 1500 < (39)2
(e) 2.3 ∴ (39)2 = 39 × 39 = 1521
2 5.29
4 So, the required number to be added
43 129 = 1521 – 1500
129
×
= 21

∴ 5.29 = 2.3
MCQs
1. (b) Odd
36.1 361 × 10 361
2. = = 2. (d) 7, 8, 9
102.4 1024 × 10 1024
361 19 32 3. (b) 29
i.e., 1 361 3 1024
1024 4. (c) 100
1 9
29 261 62 124 5. (a) 2.5
261 124
× × 6. (a) 0.3
7. (b) 2
361 19
∴ = 8. (c) 0.03
1024 32

Math Made Easy-8 27

9. 1.0816 = 1.04 (b) 13.42
1 180.0964
1.04 1
1 1.0816 23 80
1 69
20 × 8 264 1109
0
204 816 1056
816 2682 5364
× 5364
×
Hence, option (a) is correct
288 288 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3× 3 Hence, 180.0964 = 13.42
10. = =
128 128 2×2×2×2×2×2×2
3× 3 (c) 42.25
= 4 1785.0625
2×2
16
3 1
= = 1 82 185
2 2 164
Hence, option (b) is correct. 842 2106
1684
11. 0.9 × 1.6 = 0.9 × 1.6 8445 42225
= 1.44 = 1.2 42225
×
Hence, option (b) is correct.
12. Total number of students = 3096 Hence, 1785.0625 = 42.25
Let us find the square root of 3096, we get (d) 0.324
55 3 0.104976
5 3096 9
25 62 149
105 596 124
525 644 2576
71 2576
×
(a) Thus, 71 students were left out.
Hence, option (ii) is correct. Hence, 0.104976 = 0.324
(b) Since, no. of students left out = 71 (e) 0.067
∴ Required perfect square = 3096 – 71 0 0.004489
0
= 3025 6 44
36
55 127 889
5 3025 889
25
105 525 ×
525
× Hence, 0.004489 = 0.067
Thus, 55 rows and columns of chairs were available. (f) 121.5
Hence, option (i) is correct. 1 14762.25
1
Crack the Code (pg–56) 22 47
44
1. (a) 9.2 241 362
9 84.64 241
81 2425 12125
182 364 12125
364 ×
×

∴ 84.64 = 9.2 Hence, 14762.25 = 121.5

28 Math Made Easy-8
2.
(a) 2.4979 Since, 4th decimal place is 4, therefore
2 6.24000000 15525.28 = 124.600
4
44 224 3. (a) 1.73
176 1 3.0000
489 4800 1
4401 27 200
4987 39900 189
34909 343 1100
49949 499100 1029
449541 71
×
Since, 4th decimal place is 9, therefore Hence, 3 = 1.7

6.24 = 2.498 (b) 3.31

(b) 4.9799 3 11.0000
4 24.80000000 9
16 63 200
189
89 880
801 661 1100
987 7900 661
6909 439
9949 99100 Hence, 11 = 3.3
89541
(c) 11.18
99589 955900
896301 1 125.0000
59599 1
21 25
Since, 4th decimal place is 9, therefore 21
24.8 = 4.980 221 400
(c) 25.0119 221
2 625.59560000 2228 17900
4 17824
45 225 76
225 Hence, 125 = 11.2
500 59
(d) 58.82
00 5 3460.0000
5001 5956
5001 25
108 960
50021 95500 864
50021 1168 9600
500229 4547900
4502061 9344
11762 25600
45839
Since, 4th decimal place is 9, therefore 23524
2076
625.5956 = 25.012
124.6004 Hence, 3460 = 58.8
(d)
1 15525.28000000 4.  The area of a square field = 4255969 m2
1 We know that,
22 55 area of a square = (side)2
44
244 1125 Now, Length of each side = Area
976 2063
2486 14928 2 4255969
14916 4
24920 1200 40 25
0000 00
249200 120000 406 2559
000000 2436
2492004 12000000 4123 12369
9968016 12369
2031984 ×
Hence, length of each side = 2063 m.

Math Made Easy-8 29

5. We draw a square ABCD, whose side is 8 cm. (c) 8.3
D 8 cm C 8 68.89
64
163 489
489
8 cm 8 cm ×
∴ 68.89 = 8.3
8. Let us find the square root of 4000.
A 8 cm B 63
We have a diagonal AC. So, ABC is a right angled triangle 6 4000
36
then by using pythagoras theorem, we get 123 400
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 369
31
AC = (8) 2 + (8) 2
AC = 64 + 64 = 128 This shows that (63)2 is less than 4000 by 31. So, 31 must
be subtracted from 4000 to get a perfect square.
AC = 64 × 2 = 8 2 cm
Hence, the length of diagonal is 8 2 cm. 9.  Area of a square = 4489 sq cm.
6. (a) 33 ∴ Length of the side of a square = Area
3 1089 67
9 6 4489
63 189 36
189 127 889
× 889
×
Hence, 1089 = 33
48 Hence, the length of the side of a square is 67 cm.
(b)
4 2304 10. Total plants used in a square garden
16
= 8289 – 8
88 704
704 = 8281
× To be find the number of plants we planted in each row, we
∴ 2304 = 48 get a square root of 8281.
(c) 88 91
8 7744 9 8281
64 81
168 1344 181 181
1344 181
× ×
∴ 7744 = 88 Hence, 91 plants were planted in each row.
78 11. The least number of 4 digits = 1000
(d)
7 6084
49 On observing the square root of 1000, we get
148 1184 31
1184 3 1000
× 9
61 100
∴ 6084 = 78 61
7. (a) 1.6 39
1 2.56 Now, (31)2 < 1000 < (32)2
1 ∴ The next square number will be (32)2
26 156 i.e., (32)2 = 32 × 32
156 = 1024
× Hence, required perfect square = 1024.
∴ 2.56 = 1.6 12. Let us find the square root of 6412.
(b) 4.3 80
4 18.49 8 6412
16 64
83 249 160 12
249 00
× 12
∴ 18.49 = 4.3 Since, 6412 is more than (80)2 by 12.

30 Math Made Easy-8

 Then the next square number will be (81)2. 17. Let us find the square root of 1989.
∴ (81)2 = 81 × 81 44
= 6561 4 1989
16
The number to be added = 6561 – 6412 84 389
= 149. 336
53
13. (a) 9.8
9 97.00 This shows that (44)2 is less than 1989 by 53. So, 53 must
81 be subtracted from 1989 to get a perfect square.
188 1600
1504 Thus, the required number = 1989 – 53
96 = 1936
∴ Estimate the value of 97 to the nearest whole 44
number = 10 4 1936
16
(b) 15.8 84 336
1 250.00
1 336
×
25 150
125 Hence, the square root of 1936 is 44.
308 2500
2464 18. Let us find the square root of 1750.
36 41
∴ Estimate value of 250 = 16. 4 1750
16
(c) 27.9
2 780.00 81 150
4 81
69
47 380
329 Since, 1750 is more than (41)2 by 69.
549 5100
4941 The next square number will be (42)2.
159
Clearly, (41)2 < 1750 < (42)2
∴ Estimate value of 780 = 28.
So, 1764 – 1750 = 14
14. 3.5
3 12.25 Hence, 14 should be added to 1750.
9
65 325 ∴ Square root of 1764 is 42.
325 19. Area of a square = 441 m2
×
∴ The square root of 12.25 is 3.5. ∴ Side of a square = Area
15.  Area of the square plot = 2304 m2 21
∴ The side of the square plot = Area 2 441
48 4
4 2304 41 41
16 41
88 704 ×
704
× Hence, the length of the side of a square is 21m.
20. Total number of plants = 1000
Hence, the side of the square plot is 48 m.
16. Total number of students in a school = 2401 Since, number of plants put in rows
 No. of students standing in row = No. of students = number of plants put in columns
standing in column
So, we should find the square root of 2401. So, we should find square root of 1000
49 31
4 2401 3 1000
16 9
89 801 61 100
801 61
× 39
Hence, the number of students in a row are 49. We observed that (31)2 < 1000 < (32)2

Math Made Easy-8 31

 The number to be added = (32)2 – 1000
2. 10 + 25 + 108 + 169
= 1024 – 1000
= 24 = 10 + 25 + 108 + 13
Hence, 24 plants, he needs 24 plants more for this.
= 10 + 25 + 121
21. Total children in a school = 500
Let us find the square root of 500. = 10 + 25 + 11
Number of children standing in rows = 10 + 36
= Number of children standing in columns = 10 + 6 = 16 = 4
22
2 500 Cross Curricular Connect (pg–57)
4
42 100 Total number of children = 3050
84
16 Number of children left out = 25

So, 16 children would be left out in this arrangement. Remaining number of children = 3050 – 25
HOTS (pg–57) = 3025
1. Total number of students = 900 The students need to stand in a square formation, so we should
To find rows and columns, we take square root of 900. find the square root of 3025.
30 55
3 900 5 3025
9 25
60 00 105 525
00 525
× ×
Hence, for 900 students sitting, there will be 30 rows and
30 columns. Hence, 55 children should stand in each row.

qq

32 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-4 : Cube and Cube Roots
Check What You Know (pg–60) 512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
A. 1. Prime factorisation of
36 = 29
236 3. Prime factorisation of 1000000
218 2 1000000
3 9 2 500000
3 3 2 250000
1 2 125000
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 2 62500
2. Prime factorisation of 125 2 31250
5 125 5 15625
5 25 5 3125
5 5 5 625
1 5 125
125 = 5 × 5 × 5 5 25
3. Prime factorisation of 343 5 5
7 343 1
7 49 1000000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
7 7 ×5×5×5×5
1 = 26 × 56
343 = 7 × 7 × 7 4.
Prime factorisation of 1728
4. Prime factorisation of 1331 2 1728
11 1331 2 864
11 121 2 432
11 11 2 216
1 2 108
1331 = 11 × 11 × 11 2 54
B. 1. Prime factorisation of 64 3 27
2 64 3 9
2 32 3 3
2 16 1
2 8 1728 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
2 4 = 26 × 33
2 2
1 Instant Act (pg–62)
64 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 1. (a) Cube of 7 = (7)3 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 343
= 26 (b) Cube of 6 = (6)3 = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216
2. Prime factorisation of 512
(c) Cube of 15 = (15)3 = 15 × 15 × 15 = 3375
2 512
(d) Cube of 17 = (17)3 = 17 × 17 × 17 = 4913
2 256
(e) Cube of 19 = (19)3 = 19 × 19 × 19 = 6859
2 128
2 64 3 3375
2. (a)
2 32 3 1125
2 16 3 375
2 8 5 125
2 4 5 25
2 2 5 5
1 1

Math Made Easy-8 33

 ∴ 3375 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 (g) 2 392
= 3 × 5 = 15 2 196
Yes, 3375 is a perfect cube. 2 98
(b) 2 8000 7 49
2 4000 7 7
2 2000 1
2 1000  392 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
2 500 From the prime factors of 392, we find that the prime
2 250 factor of 7 does not appear in a group of three. So, 392
5 125 is not a perfect cube.
5 25
5 5 (h) 2 256
1 2 128
∴ 8000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 2 64
Hence, 8000 is a perfect cube. 2 32
2 16
(c) 5 15625 2 8
5 3125
2 4
5 625
2 2
5 125
1
5 25
 256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
5 5
1 From the prime factors of 256, we find that the prime
∴ 15625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 factor of another 2 does not appear in a group of three.
Hence, 15625 is a perfect cube. So, 256 is not a perfect cube
(d) 13 1027 3. 2 17496
79 79 2 8748
1 2 4374
∴ 1027 = 13 × 79 3 2187
From the prime factors of 1027, we find that the prime 3 729
factors 13 and 79 do not appear is a group of three. 3 243
So, 1027 is not a perfect cube. 3 81
3 27
(e) 2 2744
2 1372 3 9
2 686 3 3
7 343 1
7 49  17496 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
7 7 From the prime factors of 17496, we find that the prime
1 factor of another 3 does not appear in a group of three,
∴ 2744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 3 appears one time. To make 17496 a perfect cube, we
= 2 × 7 = 14 multiply it by 3 × 3 = 9.
Hence, 2744 is a perfect cube. ∴ 17496 × 9 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
×3×3×3
(f) 3 243
3 81 = 157464, which is a perfect cube.
3 27 5 46305
4.
3 9 3 9261
3 3 3 3087
1 3 1029
 243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 7 343
From the prime factors of 243, we find that the prime 7 49
factor of another 3 does not appear in a group of three. 7 7
So, 243 is not a perfect cube. 1

34 Math Made Easy-8

 From the prime factors of 46305 = 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 7 2.(a) Prime factors of 74088
we find that 5 does not appear in a group of three, 5 2 74088
appears only one time. 2 37044
To make 46305 a perfect cube, we divide it by 5. 2 18522
∴ 46305 ÷ 5 = 9261, which is a perfect cube. 3 9261
3 3087
Instant Act (pg–64) 3 1029
1. (a) 512 7 343
Look at the ones digit 2, we get cube of 2 7 49
7 7
= 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
1
3
So, 512 = 8. [ 8 × 8 × 8 = 512] ∴ Prime factors of 74088
(b) 175616 =2×2×2×3×3×3×7×7×7
Therefore, 74088 = 2 × 3 × 7
Here, 175616 making groups of three digits starting = 42
from right most of the digit of number
(b) Prime factors of 8000
175 61 6
2
8000
Since, 63 = 216.
2
4000
We take ‘6’ as extreme right digit. Now, take another 2
2000
group as 175. We know that (5)3 = 125 and (6)3 = 216 2
1000
i.e., (5)3 < 175 < (6)3 2
500
⇒ 125 < 175 < 216 2
250
We take ones digit of the smaller number 12 5 as the 5
125
tens place of the required cube root. 525
∴ 3
175616 = 56 55
1
(c) 1331
=2×2×2×2×2×2×5×5×5
From groups of three starting from right most digit Therefore, 3
8000 = 2 × 2 × 5
1331.
= 20
i.e., 1331 (c) Prime factors of 15625
Here, 331 has three digits whereas 1 has only one 5 15625
digit. 5 3125
Take 331, the digit 1 is at its ones place i.e., 1 × 1 × 1 5 625
= 13 = 1. 5 125
 1 lies between cube of 1 and 2 i.e., 13 < 1 < 23 5 25
Here smaller number among 1 and 2 is 1. 5 5
1
So, take 1 as tens place of cube root of 1331.
=5×5×5×5×5×5
3
Thus, 1331 = 11 Therefore, 3
15625 = 5 × 5
(d) 857375 = 25
Making groups of three digits starting from right most (d) Prime factors of 1157625
of the digit of the number 857375 3 1157625
i.e., 857 375 3 385875
Since, 5 involves in the cube of 5 i.e., 3 128625
5 42875
53 = 12 5
5 8575
We take ‘5’ as extreme right digit, Now take 857. 5 1715
We know that (9)3 = 729 and (10)3 = 1000 7 343
Here, 729 < 857 < 1000 7 49
So, we take ones digit of the smaller number 72 9 as 7 7
the tens place of the required cube root. 1
3 =3×3×3×5×5×5×7×7×7
So, 857375 = 95 .

Math Made Easy-8 35

 Therefore, 3 1157625 = 3 × 5 × 7 13824 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 105 ×2×2×3×3×3
Instant Act (pg–65) ∴ Cube root of 13824 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
= 24
1. (a) Prime factors of 729 (g) Prime factors of 42875
3 729
5 42875
3 243
5 8575
3 81
5 1715
3 27
7 343
3 9
7 49
3 3
7 7
1
1
729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 42875 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 7
∴ Cube root of 729 = 3 × 3 ∴ Cube root of 42875 = 5 × 7
= 9 = 35
(b) Prime factors of 74088 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 (h) Prime factors of 106 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
×7×7×7 = 2 × 5 × 2 × 5 × 2 × 5 × 2 ×
[Take from pg 64 as Q. 2(a)] 5×2×5×2×5
∴ Cube root of 74088 = 2 × 3 × 7 =2×2×2×2×2×2×5
= 42
×5×5×5×5×5
(c) Prime factors of 8000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
×5×5×5 ∴ Cube root of 106 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
[Take from pg 64 as Q. 2(b)] = 100 = 102
− 343 (− 1) × 343
∴ Cube root of 8000 = 2 × 2 × 5 2. (a) =
= 20 729 729
3 − 343 − 343
3
(d) Prime factors of 35937 ∴ = 3
3 35937 729 729
3 11979 3
(− 1) 3 × (7) 3
3 3993
= 3
(9) 3
11 1331
−1× 7 7
11 121 = =−
9 9
11 11 3
3 3375 3375
1 (b) = 3
5832 5832
35937 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 × 11
3 3375 2 5832
∴ Cube root of 35937 = 3 × 11
3 1125 2 2916
= 33
(e) Prime factors of 15625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 3 375 2 1458
[Take from pg 64 as Q. 2(c)] 5 125 3 729
∴ Cube root of 15625 = 5 × 5 5 25 3 243
= 25 5 5 3 81
(f) Prime factors of 13824 1 3 27
2 13824 3 9
2 6912 3 3
2 3456 1
2 1728 3
3× 3× 3 × 5×5×5

= 3
2 864 2 × 2 × 2 × 3× 3× 3 × 3× 3× 3
2 432 3×5 5
2 216 = =
2 × 3× 3 6
2 108
3 − 4913 (− 1) × 4913
2 54 (c) = 3
− 2197 (− 1) × 2197
3 27
3 4913
3 9 =
2197
3 3
3 17 × 17 × 17 17
1 = =
13 × 13 × 13 13

36 Math Made Easy-8

 81 1331 11 × 11 × 11 3 3
3 3 3 3. 216000 = 60 × 60 × 60
(d) 10 = =
125 125 5×5×5
= 60
11 1

= =5 Hence, option (b) is correct.
2 2
− 1331 = 4.
Cube of 27 will be odd
3. (a) 3 3 (− 1) × 1331
Hence, option (b) is correct.
= 3 − 1 × 11 × 11 × 11

3 3
= –1 × 11 5. 13824 = 24 × 24 × 24

= –11 = 24

3 125 3 5×5×5 Hence, option (c) is correct.

3
(b) 0.000125 = =
1000000 100 × 100 × 100 Spot the Error
5
= = 0.05 Rita is correct, because
100
(c) (− 6) 3 × (− 3) 3 = (–6) × (–3) = 18
3
3
729 = 3
3× 3× 3 × 3× 3× 3
3 3 2197 3 13 × 13 × 13 = 3 × 3
(d) 0.002197 = =
1000000 100 × 100 × 100
=9
13
= = 0.13
100 Crack the Code
4. (a) Volume of a cuboidal box = (edge)3 1. (a) 64 and (c) 1728 are the cubes of even numbers 4 and
= (1.4)3 12.
= 1.4 × 1.4 × 1.4 2. (c) 2197 and (d) 4913 are the cubes of odd numbers 13
= 2.744 m3 and 17.
(b) Volume of a cuboidal box = (2.1)3 3. (a) Cubes of 12 = (12)3 = 12 × 12 × 12 = 1728
= 2.1 × 2.1 × 2.1 (b) Cubes of 20 = (20)3 = 20 × 20 × 20 = 8000
= 9.26 dm3 (c) Cubes of 1.2 = (1.2)3 = 1.2 × 1.2 × 1.2 = 1.728
5. (a) We have, (d) Cubes of 0.05 = (0.05)3
Volume of a cuboidal box = 13824 cm3 = 0.05 × 0.05 × 0.05
3
∴ Edge of a cuboidal box = 13824
= 0.000125
3
= 24 × 24 × 24 4. 512 = 8 × 8 × 8 = (8)3 is a perfect cube
= 24 cm 2744 = 14 × 14 × 14 = (14)3 is a perfect cube
3
(b) Volume of a cuboidal box = 32.768 m 3375 = 15 × 15 × 15 = (15)3 is a perfect cube
3
∴ Edge of a cuboidal box = 32.768 100000 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 is not a perfect cube
3
= 3.2 × 3.2 × 3.2 46656 = 36 × 36 × 36 = (36)3 is a perfect cube
= 3.2 m 5. (a) Prime factor of 392 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
Mental Maths 2 392
A. 1. False 2. False 2 196
2 98
3. True 4. False
7 49
B. 1. Even 2. Odd
7 7
3
3. x 4. Negative 1
MCQs We find that the factor 7 does not appear is a group of
1. Cube of –10 = –10 × –10 × –10 three. 7 appears two times.
= –1000 To make 392 a perfect cube we multiply it by 7.
Hence, option (c) is correct. ∴ 392 × 7 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7
4 4 4 4 64
2. Cube of = × × = = 2744
5 5 5 5 125
Hence, option (b) is correct. Which is a perfect cube.

Math Made Easy-8 37

 (b) Prime factor of 675 6. (a) Prime factors of 540
2
540
3 675
2
270
3 225
3
135
3 75
345
5 25
315
5 5
5 5
1
1
675 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 540 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 5
Here, 2 and 5 do not appear is a group of three.
Here, 5 does not appear is a group of three. 7 appears To make 540 a perfect cube, we divide it by 2 × 2 × 5
two times. = 20.
(b) Prime factors of 2000
To make 675 a perfect cube, we multiply it by 5.
2 2000
∴ 675 × 5 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 2 1000

= 3375 2 500
Which is a perfect cube. 2 250
5 125
(c) Prime factor of 2560 5 25
2 2560 5 5
2 1280 1
2 640 2000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5
2 320 Here, 2 does not appear is a group of three.
2 160 To make 2000 a perfect cube, we divide it by 2.
2 80 (c) Prime factors of 8640
2 8640
2 40
2 4320
2 20
2 2160
2 10
2 1080
5 5
2 540
1
2 270
2560 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 3 135
3 45
Here, 5 does not appear is a group of three. 3 15
To make 2560 a perfect cube, we multiply it by 5 5
5 × 5 = 25. 1
8640 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
∴ 2560 × 25 = 64000 Here, 5 does not appear in a group of three.
Which is a perfect cube. To make 8640 a perfect cube, we divide it by 5.
(d) Prime factors of 27648
(d) Prime factor of 8788 2 27648
2 8788 2 13824
2 4394 2 6912
13 2197 2 3456
13 169 2 1728
13 13 2 864
1 2 432
2 216
8788 = 13 × 13 × 13 × 2 × 2 2 108
Here, 2 does not appear is a group of three. 2 54
3 27
To make 8788 a perfect cube, we multiply it by 2.
3 9
∴ 8788 × 2 = 17576 3 3
Which is a perfect cube. 1

38 Math Made Easy-8

 ∴ 27648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 Now, take the other group i.e., 4.
×2×2×2×2×3×3×3  4 lies between cube of 1 and 2
i.e., 13 < 4 < 23
Here, 2 does not appear in a group of three. Here, smaller number among 1 and 2 is 1.
To make 27648 a perfect cube, we divide it by 2. So, 1 is tens place of cube root of 4096
3
7. (a) Prime factors of 81 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 Thus, 4096 = 16
Since, 3 does not appear in a pair of three. (c) Given number = 5832
So, 81 ÷ 3 = 27, which is a perfect cube. The digit 2 its ones place of the pair of three starting
from right.
Hence, smallest number is 3. We take the ones place of the cube root as 8.
(b) Prime factors of 128 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 Now, take the other group i.e., 5
Since, 2 does not appear in a pair of three.  5 lies between cube of 1 and 2.
i.e., 13 < 5 < 23
So, 128 ÷ 2 = 64, which is a perfect cube.
Here, smaller number among 1 and 2 is 1.
Hence, smallest number is 2. So, 1 is tens place of cube root of 5832.
(c) Prime factors of 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 Thus, 3
5832 = 18.
Since, 3 × 3 = 9 does not appear in a pair of three. (d) Given number = 46656
So, 72 ÷ 9 = 8, which is a perfect cube. The digit 6 its ones place of the pair of three starting
Hence, smallest number is 9. from right.
(d) Prime factors of 704 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 We take the ones place of the cube root as 6.
Now, take the other groups i.e., 46.
Since, 11 does not appear in a pair of three.
 46 lies between cube of 3 and 4
So, 704 ÷ 11 = 64, which is a perfect cube. i.e., 33 < 46 < 43
Hence, 11 is the smallest number. Here, smaller number among 3 and 4 is 3.
8. Prime factors of 1188 are
: So, 3 is tens place of cube root of 46656.
21188 3
Thus, 46656 = 36.
2 594 10. (a) Prime factors of 512
3 297 2 512
3 99 2 256
3 33 2 128
11 11 2 64
1 2 32
1188 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 2 16
∴ 1188 is not a perfect cube. So, we need to divide 2 8
1188 by 2 × 2 × 11 = 44 to make it a perfect cube. So 2 4
smallest number is 44. 2 2
9. (a) Given number = 6859 1
Form groups of three starting from right. ∴ 512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
The digit 9 its ones place. So, cube root of 512 = 2 × 2 × 2
We take the ones place of the cube root as 9. = 8
(b) Prime factors of 125000
Now, take the other group i.e., 6
2 125000
 6 lies between cube of 1 and 2. 2 62500
i.e., 13 < 6 < 23 2 31250
Here, smaller number among 1 and 2 is 1. 5 15625
So, 1 is tens place of cube root of 6859. 5 3125
3 5 625
Thus, 6859 = 19.
5 125
(b) Given number = 4096 5 25
Take pair of three starting from right. 5 5
The digit 6 its ones place. 1
We take the ones place of the cube root as 6. ∴ 12500 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5

Math Made Easy-8 39

 Thus, 3
125000 = 2 × 5 × 5 HOTS (pg–68)
= 50 1. Let, the given numbers are x, 2x and 3x.
(c) Prime factors of 343 We have,
5 42875 (x)3 + (2x)3 + (3x)3 = 62208
5 8575 ⇒ x3 + 8x3 + 27x3 = 62208
5 1715 ⇒ 36x3 = 62208
7 343 ⇒ x3 = 1728
7 49 ⇒ x = 3 12 × 12 × 12
7 7 ⇒ x = 12
1 Hence, the numbers are 12, 24 and 36.
∴ 343 = 7 × 7 × 7 2. The volume of cube A = 216 m3
3
Thus, 343 = 7 ∴ Side of cube A = 3
216
(d) Prime factors of 42875 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 3
6 × 6 × 6 = 6m.
5 42875 But, each side of cube B = (2 + 6) m (Given)
5 8575
= 8 m
5 1715
∴Then volume of cube B = (8)3
7 343
7 49 = 512 m3
7 7 So, the difference of the volumes of both cubes A and B
1 = 512 – 216
∴ 42875 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 296 m3
3
Thus, 42875 = 5 × 7 Hence, the volume of cube B is greater by 296 m3 than
= 35 cube A.
qq

40 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-5 : Playing with Numbers
Check What You Know (pg–70) 2. Given, number = 523a4
A. 183 Sum of the digits = 5 + 2 + 3 + a + 4
Sum of digits = 1 + 8 + 3 = 12 = 14 + a
Which is divisible by 3 For divisibility of 3, minimum sum should be 15.
So, 183 is divisible by 3. So, 14 + a = 15
612 ⇒ a = 15 – 14 = 1
Sum of digits = 6 + 1 + 2 = 9
Hence, smallest possible value of a is 1.
Which is divisible by 3.
3. Given Number = 24b35
So, 612 is divisible by 3.
Sum of the digits = 2 + 4 + b + 3 + 5
503
= 14 + b
Sum of digits = 5 + 0 + 3 = 8
For divisibility of 9, we can get minimum sum of 18.
Which is not divisible by 3
So, 503 is divisible by 3. ∴ 14 + b = 18
1923 ⇒ b = 18 – 14 = 4
Sum of digits = 1 + 9 + 2 + 3 = 15 Hence, the value of b is 4.
Which is not divisible by 3. Instant Act (pg–75)
So, 1923 is divisible by 3.
(a) 2 A
51687
+4 A
Sum of digits = 5 + 1 + 6 + 8 + 7 = 27
B B
Which is not divisible by 3.
Since, 2 + 4 = 6 i.e., B = 6
So, 51687 is divisible by 3.
But, A + A = B or 6
B. 1. Example : 75 is divisible by 5 but not by 10 because
its end digit i.e., ones digit is 5. So, 3+3=6
2. Example : 123 is divisible by 3 but not by 6 because ∴ 2 3
it is an odd number and thus not divisible by 2. +4 3
Instant Act (pg–73) 6 6
1. (a) 13890 by 2 Hence, A = 3 and B = 6.
Here ends, i.e., ones digit of the number 13890 is 0.
So, 13890 is divisible by 2. (b) A B
(b) 8315 by 3 +1 A
Sum of digits of the 8315 = 8 + 3 + 1 + 5 = 17 B 7
Sum of digits is not divisible by 3. Since, A+1=B
So, 8315 is not divisible by 3.
i.e., A–B=1 ....(i)
(c) 17926 by 9
and A+B=7 ....(ii)
Sum of digits of the 17926 = 1 + 7 + 9 + 2 + 6 = 25
Sum of digits is not divisible by 9. On adding eq. (i) and (ii), we get
So, 17926 is not divisible by 9. ⇒ 2A = 8
(d) 8316 by 6 ⇒ A=4
Sum of digits of the 8316 = 8 + 3 + 1 + 6 = 18 Putting A = 4 in eq. (ii), we get
Sum of digits is divisible by 3.
⇒ 4+B=7
So, 8316 is divisible by 3 and 8316 have ones digit is
6, which is divisible by 2. ⇒ B=3
Thus, 8316 is divisible by 2 and 3 i.e., divisible by 6. Hence, A = 4 and B = 3.

Math Made Easy-8 41

(c) B A 4. False, because its ending digit is not 0.
×B 3 5. True.
5 7 A MCQs
Numbers 3 × 0; 3 × 5 yield the same unit’s digit in the 1. The number 100a + 10b + c has 3 digits
product.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
So, 3 × 5 = 15 ,A= 5
2. For a number to be divisible by 3, the sum of its digits
Similarly, 3 × 2 + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7 should be a multiple of 3.
i.e., B= 2 Hence, option (c) is correct.
2 5
3. If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3 it must be divisible
×2 3 by 2 × 3 = 6.
7 5 Hence, option (c) is correct.
5 0 × 4. The ones digit of a 3-digit number is 0. It must be divisible
5 7 5 by 2, 5 and 10.
Hence, A = 5 and B = 2. Hence, option (d) is correct.
(d) A B 5. A number divisible by both 2 and 5 must have a ones digit
× 6 of 0 only.

B B B Hence, option (d) is correct.

Numbers 6 × 4, 6 × 6, 6 × 8, 6 × 0 yield the same unit’s 6. A number divisible by 9 will also be divisible by 3.
digit in the product. Hence, option (a) is correct.
So, 6 × 4 = 2 4 , i.e., B = 4 Crack the Code
Now, 6 × 7 + 2 = 4 4 , i.e., A = 7 1. (a) 39 = 3 × 10 + 9
Thus, 7 4 (b) 737 = 7 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 7
× 6 2. (a) 47320 ÷ 5
4 4 4 Since, ending digit of the number 47320 is 0. So, it is
divisible by 5.
Hence, A = 7 and B = 4. (b) 81525 ÷ 10
(e) 1 2 A Since, ending digit of the number 81525 is not 0. So,
+ 6 A B it is not divisible by 10.
A 0 9 (c) 219 ÷ 5
Since, A+B=9 ....(i) Since, ending digit of the number 219 is not 0 or 5.
and 2+A=0 So, it is not divisible by 5.

means, 2+8= 1 0 (d) 495 ÷ 9

i.e., 8+B=9 [From (ii)]  Sum of the digits of given number 495

Then, B=9–8=1 = 4 + 9 + 5

and A = 8 and B = 1
= 18

Thus, 1 2 8 Which is divisible by 9.

+ 6 8 1 So, 495 is divisible by 9.

3. Let two digit number be 10a + b, then
8 0 9
a + b = 11 ....(i)
Hence, A = 8 and B = 1. Then, Number formed by interchanging digits = 10b + a
Mental Maths According to the question, we get
1. True 2. True ⇒ 10b + a = 27 + 10a + b
3. False, because the sum of the digits 9 + 8 + 1 + 3 + 6 + 3 ⇒ 9b – 9a = 27
= 30, which not divisible by 9. ⇒ b – a= 3 ....(ii)
42 Math Made Easy-8
 On adding eq. (i) and (ii), we get Since, A+1 =6
⇒ a + b = 11 ⇒ A=6–1
– a + b = 3 ⇒ A=5
⇒ 2b = 14 (b) 6 A B 5
⇒ b= 7 + D 5 8 C
Putting the value of b in eq. (i), we get 9 3 5 1
⇒ a + 7 = 11
Since, 5+C =1
⇒ a = 11 – 7 = 4
⇒ 5 + 6 = 11
Hence, the original number = 10a + b
So, C =6
= 10 × 4 + 7
and 1+B+8 =5
= 47
4. Since, 41m6 is a multiple of 6, ⇒ 9+B =5
i.e., 41m6 ÷ 6 i.e., 9 + 6 = 15
By divisibility test of 6, we know that if So, B =6
41m6 is divisible by 6 then it is divisible by 2 or 3. Now, 1+A+5 =3
Since, ending digit of 41m6 is 6, then 41m6 is divisible ⇒ A+6 =3
by 2. i.e., 7 + 6 = 13
And, we know that, the sum of the digits of the number So, A=7
41m6 is multiple of 3, then 41m6 is divisible by 3.
Now, 1+6+D =9
4 + 1 + m + 6 = 11 + m
If m = 4, then 11 + 4 = 15, which is divisible by 3. ⇒ D =2
Hence, m = 4. Hence, A = 7, B = 6, C = 6 and D = 2.
5. 34 34 34 (c) A
34
=

+ A
1 15 14 4 = 34
+ A
12 6 7 9 = 34 BA
8 10 11 5 = 34 Here, A=5
i.e., 5 + 5 + 5 = 15
13 3 2 16 = 34
34 Then, B =1
Hence, A = 5 and B = 1.
6. 5 11 17
8. Total weight of box = 75 kg
Total number of crates = 3
23 Weight of each crate = 25 kg
Thus,
Ist Crate IInd Crate IIIrd Crate
7 13 19 15 kg 13 kg 11 kg
Add of diagonal I = 7 + 23 + 17 = 47 9 kg 2 kg 8 kg
Add of diagonal II = 5 + 23 + 19 = 47 1 kg 10 kg 4 kg
Add of column = 11 + 23 + 13 = 47 2 kg
7. (a) 3 2 A 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg
+ 2 A 1 Fun Activity
5 7 6 Do it yourself.
qq

Math Made Easy-8 43

 Chapter-6 : Algebraic Expressions and Identities
Check What You Know (pg–78) (b) 6xyz – xy2z + 4x2yz – 7xyz2
A. 3y and –mn are monomials –x + 2 and 17 + xy are binomials. 13xyz + 7xy2z – 6x2yz – 14xyz2
y + 7 + x and x2 + 2x + y2 are trinomials. (–) (–) (+) (+)
B. 1. Coefficient of x in – 5x = – 5. 7xy – 8xy2z + 10x2yz + 7xyz2
2. Coefficient of x in 5x2y = 5xy (c) 2x4 – 3x2y2 + 4y4
3. Coefficient of z in – xyz = – xy x4 – x2y2 – y4
4. Coefficient of p in 11p2 = 11p (–) (+) (+)
4 2 2
5. Coefficient of m in mn – n2 = n. x – 2x y + 5xy4

C. 1. 3y + (– 8y) = 3y – 8y = – 5y 3. 2p – 5q + 4r + 2p + 8q – 3r

2. 2x2 + (– 11x2) = (2 – 11)x2 = – 9x2 = 2p + 2p – 5q + 8q + 4r – 3r

3. 2a + 3b + (– 5a – 7b) = 2a – 5a + 3b – 7b = 4p + 3q + r

= (2 – 5)a + (3 – 7)b Now, 4p + 3q +r

= –3a – 4b – p + 6q –r
4. –x2 + y2 + 2x + 3x – y2 = –x2 + 5x (+) (–) (+)
5p – 3q + 2r
Instant Act (pg–81)
1. (a) 6a2b3 + (–13a2b3) + (–5a2b3) + (–a2b3) Instant Act (pg–83)
= (6 – 13 – 5 – 1)a2b3 (a) 6x × (–8x) = –(6 × 8)x = –48x
2 3
= – 13a b —10 6
(b) × × p × p3 × q3 × q
(b) ab – bc + bc – ca + ca – ab 3 5
= ab – ab – bc + bc – ca + ca = – 4p4q4
—2 3
= 0. (c) × × 9 × l2 × l × l × m × m2 × m × n
3 4
(c) a – b + ab + b – c + bc + c – a + ac
9 4 4
= a – a – b + b + ab + bc + ac – c + c = — l m n
2
= ab + bc + ac
(d) 0.25 × (–0.1) × 2.5 × (–1.2) × a × a2 × a × b × b2 × b
(d) l2 + m2 + m2 + n2 + n2 + l2 + 2lm + 2mn + 2nl
= 0.075a4b4
= l2 + l2 + m2 + m2 + n2 + n2 + 2lm + 2mn + 2nl
= 2l2 + 2m2 + 2n2 + 2lm + 2mn + 2nl
Instant Act (pg–85)
= 2[l2 + m2 + n2 + lm + mn + nl] 1. (a) (5p – 2q)(9q – 8p)

(e) 8x3 + 4x – 10 + (–3x2 + 6x – 12) = 5p × (9q – 8p) – 2q × (9q – 8p)

= 8x3 + 4x – 10 – 3x2 + 6x – 12 = (5p × 9q) – (5p × 8p) – (2q × 9q) + (2q × 8p)

= 8x3 – 3x2 + 4x + 6x – 10 – 12 = 45pq – 40p2 – 18q2 + 16pq

= 8x3 – 3x2 + 10x – 22 = 61pq – 40p2 – 18q2

(b) (2.5l – 0.5m)(2.5l + 0.5m)
2. (a) ab – bc – (6ab – 7bc)
= 2.5l × (2.5l + 0.5m) – 0.5m × (2.5l + 0.5m)
= ab – bc – 6ab + 7bc
= (2.5l × 2.5l) + (2.5l × 0.5m) – (0.5m × 2.5l) – (0.5m
= ab – 6ab – bc + 7bc
× 0.5m)
= (1 – 6)ab + (7 – 1)bc = 6.25l2 + 1.25lm – 1.25lm – 0.25m2
= – 5ab +6bc = 6.25l2 – 0.25m2

44 Math Made Easy-8

 (c) (2pq + 3q2)(3pq – 2q2) (d) (15x – 4y)(15x + 4y + 3) – 45x + 12y
2 2 2
= 2pq × (3pq – 2q ) + 3q × (3pq – 2q ) = 15x(15x + 4y + 3) – 4y(15x + 4y + 3) – 45x + 12y
= (2pq × 3pq) + (2pq × – 2q ) + (3q × 3pq) + (3q × 2 2 2 = 225x2 + 60xy + 45x – 60xy –16y2 – 12y – 45x + 12y
– 2q2) = 225x2 – 16y2
= 6p2q2 + (–4pq3) + 9pq3 + (–6q4) (e) (a + b + c)(a + b – c)
2 2 3 3 4
= 6p q – 4pq + 9pq – 6q = a(a + b – c) + b(a + b – c) + c(a + b – c)
3   2  = a2 + ab – ac + ab + b2 – bc + ac + bc – c2
(d)  a 2 + 3b 2  × 4  a 2 — b 2 
4   3  = a2 + b2 – c2 + 2ab
3 2 2 8 2
=  a + 3b   4a — b 
2
 Mental Maths (pg–88)
4 3 
3 2  2 8 2  2 8 2
A. 1. (x + 2y)2 = (x)2 + 2 × x × 2y + (2y)2
= a ×  4a − b  + 3b ×  4a — b 
2

4 3 3 = x2 + 4xy + 4y2

3 2 2. (2x – 5y)2 = (2x)2 + 2 × 2x × (–5y) + (–5y)2

2 3 2 8 2 8 2 2
=  a × 4a  −  a × b  + (3b × 4a ) −  b × 3b 
2 2

4  4 3   3  + 2 × 2x × – 5y
= 3a4 – 2a2b2 + 12a2b2 – 8b4 = 4x – 20xy + 25y2 2

= 3a4 + 10a2b2 – 8b4 3. (101)2(100 + 1)2 = (100 + 1)2(100 + 1)2

2. (a) (a + 7)(a2 + 3a + 5) = [(100)2 + (1)2 + 2 × 100 × 1]
[(100)2 + (1)2 + 2 × 100 × 1]
= a(a2 + 3a + 5) + 7(a2 + 3a + 5)
= (10000 + 1 + 200)(10000 + 1 +
= (a × a2 + 3a × a + 5a) + (7a2 + 7 × 3a + 7 × 5)
200)
= a3 + 3a2 + 5a + 7a2 + 21a + 35
= 10201 × 10201
= a3 + 10a2 + 26a + 35
= 104060401
(b) (x2 – 2x + 5)(4x – 3)
4. (98)2 = (100 – 2)2
2
= x (4x – 3) – 2x(4x – 3) + 5(4x – 3) = (100)2 + (–2)2 + 2 × 100 × – 2
2 2
= (x × 4x – 3x ) – (2x × 4x – 3 × 2x) + (5 × 4x –3 × 5) = 10000 + 4 – 400
= 4x3 – 3x2 – (8x2 – 6x) + (20x – 15) = 9604
= 4x3 – 3x2 – 8x2 + 6x + 20x – 15 5. (5m + 3n)(5m – 3n) = ]5mg2 – 3n2
= 4x3 – 11x2 + 26x – 15 = 25m2 – 9n2
3. (a) (x2 – 5)(x + 5) + 25 B. 1. 3(x – 9) = 3x – 3 × 9
2
= x (x + 5) – 5(x + 5) + 25 = 3x – 27
= x2 × x + 5x2 – 5x – 5 × 5 + 25 Circle the error = 3x – 9
= x3 + 5x2 – 5x – 25 + 25 2. x(3x – 2) = x × 3x – 2 × x
= x3 + 5x2 – 5x = 3x2 – 2x
2 2
(b) (a + 5)(b + 3) + 5
Circle the error = 3x2 + 2
2 2 2
= a (b + 3) + 5(b + 3) + 5
3. 2x + 3x = 5x
= a2b2 + 3a2 + 5b2 + 15 + 5
Circle the error = 2x + 3x = 5x2
= a2b2 + 3a2 + 5b2 + 20
4. 2x + x + 3x = (2 + 1 + 3)x
(c) (2l + 3)(l2 – 5l) – (l – 2)(3l2 + 4l)
= 6x
= 2l(l2 – 5l) + 3(l2 – 5l) – [l(3l2 + 4l) – 2(3l2 + 4l)]
Circle the error = 2x + x + 3x = sx
= 2l3 – 10l2 + 3l2 – 15l – [3l3 + 4l2 – 6l2 – 8l]
= 2l3 – 7l2 – 15l – (3l3 – 2l2 – 8l) 5. 4p + 3p + 2p + p – 9q = (4 + 3 + 2 + 1 – 9)p

= 2l3 – 7l2 – 15l – 3l3 + 2l2 + 8l =p

= – l3 – 5l2 – 7l Circle the error = 4p + 3p + 2p + p – 9p = 0

Math Made Easy-8 45

 6. 3x + 2y = 6xy  (wrong) Crack the code: (pg–89)
Hence, 3x × 2y = 6xy  (Correct) 1. (a) Length = 3a2b

7. (3x)2 + 4x + 7 – 3x2 = 9x2 + 4x + 7 – 3x2 Breadth = 7abc

Area = length × breadth
= 6x2 + 4x + 7
= 3a2b × 7abc
Circle the error : (3x)2 + 4x + 7 – 3x2 + 4x + 7
= 3 × 7 × a2 × a × b × b × c
2 2
8. (2x) + 5x = 4x + 5x
= 21a3b2c sq. units
Circle the error : (2x) + 5x = 4x + 5x = 9x
2
(b) Length = 3.5x2y
2 2 2
9. (2a + 3) = (2a) + (3) + 2 × 2a × 3 Breadth = 1.3x3
= 4a2 + 9 + 12a ... Area = Length × Breadth
Circle the error : (2a + 3)2 = (2a2) + 6a + 9 = 3.5x2y × 1.3x3

MCQs (pg–89) = 3.5 × 1.3 × x2 × x3y

1. 2a2 – 3a + 7 = 4.55x5y sq. units

Putting a = – 2, we get 1 2 5
(c) Length = 2 p q = p2q
2 2
2(–2)2 – 3(–2) + 7 = 2 × 4 + 6 + 7
1 2 3 13 2 3
= 21 Breadth = 3 q r = q r
4 4
Hence, option (b) is correct.
Area = Length × Breadth
2. 3b = 1 × 3b
5 2 13 2 3
– 9ab2 = – 3ab × 3b = p q× q r
2 4
and 12b2 = 4b × 3b 5 13 2
= × p q×q r
2 3

But 4a b does not have 3b as a factor.
2 2 2 4
Hence, option (c) is correct. 65 2 3 3
p qr
=
8
3. –7x × 3xy = – 21x2y
1 2 3 3
Hence, option (c) is correct. = 8 p q r sq. units
8
4. (x + y) (x + y) = (x + y)2
2. (a) Length = 3a6
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Breadth = 5a7
5. – 3a(8 – 2a) = – 3a × 8 – 3a × – 2a
Height = 4a8
2
= – 24a + 6a
... Volume = Length × Breadth × Height
Hence, option (d) is correct.
= 3a6 × 5a7 × 4a8
6. – 3m × 2mn × –11m2n2 = 3 × 2 × 11m4n3
= 3 × 5 × 4 × a6 × a7 × a8
4 3
= 66m n
= 60a21 cu. units
Hence, option (b) is correct.
50 2 2
15 8 15 8 (b) Length = ab
7. — p 2 q 2 × pq = — × p 2 q 2 × pq 3
4 5 4 5 12
= – 6 p3q3 Breadth = abc
25
Hence, option (c) is correct. Height = 5c
8. 2 2 2
a – 2ab + b = (a) + (– b) + 2 × a × (– b) 2
... Volume = Length × Breadth × Height
2
= [a + (– b)] 50 12
= × × 5 × a2b2 × abc × c
= (a – b) 2 3 25
Hence, option (b) is correct. = 40a3b3c2 cu. units

46 Math Made Easy-8

 (c) Length = 2.1 u2m (d) 3m(m2 + 5n2)
Breadth = 3um3 = 3m × m2 + 3m × 5n2
Height = 0.5 = 3m3 + 15mn2
... Volume = Length × Breadth × Height 1 2
6. (a) x2 × 7x6 × x × (–3x4)
= 2.1 u m × 3um × 0.5 2 3 2
= 2.1 × 3 × 0.5 × u2m × um3 1
=7× × (–3) × x2 × x6 × x2 × x4
= 3.15 u3m4 2
21 14
3. (a) 7x × 8 = 7 × 8x = 56x = − x
2
(b) 5 × 7a = 35a
Putting x = 1, we get
(c) 5x × 3x2 = 5 × 3 × x × x2 = 15x3
21 14 21 14
(d) 3y2 × 4y2 = 3 × 4 × y2 × y2 = 12 y4 − x = − (1)
2 2
(e) 7m3 × 3m5 = 7 × 3 × m3 × m5 = 21m8
21
(f) 6a × 4b2 = 6 × 4 × a × b2 = 24ab2 = − ×1
2
(g) 5ax × 7ax = 5 × 7 × a × a × x × x = 35a2x2 21
= −
(h) 5qr × 4qr = 5 × 4 × q × q × r × r = 20q2r2 2
(i) xy × xy = x × x × y × y = x2y2 (b) 5a6 × (–10ab2) × (–2a2b3)
3 2 7 3 7 = 5 × (–10) × (–2) × a6 × a × a2 × b2 × b3
(j) x y × x2 y = × × x2 × x4 × y × y
14 2 14 2 = 100a9b5
3 6 2 1
= x y Putting a = 1 and b = , we get
4 2
(k) a30 × 4a40 = 4 × a30 × a40 = 4a70 5
9 1
4. (a) x2 × x3y × 5xy4 100a9b5 = 100 (1)  
2
= 5 × x2 × x3 × x × y × y4 1
6 5
= 100 × 1 ×
= 5x y 32
py3 × 3p2y × 7p2yz
(b) 25
=
2
=3×7×p×p ×p ×y ×y×y×z 2 3 8
= 21p5y5z 7. (a) –ab × (–ab + ac – bc)

(c) 5x10y20z30 × (20xyz)2 = (–ab) × (–ab) – (ab) × (ac) – (ab) × (–bc)

= 5 × 20 × 20 × x10 × x2 × y20 × y2 × z30 × z2 = a2b2 – a2bc + ab2c

= 2000x12y22z32 (b) 4x4 × (–3x2) + 4x2 × (–5x) + 4x4 × 7

(d) 3abcd × 5bca2 × 4cabd = 4x4 × (–3x2) + 4x4 × (–5x) + 4x4 × 7

= 3 × 5 × 4 × a × a2 × a × b × b × b × c × c × c × d × d = – 12x6 – 20x5 + 28x4

= 60a4b3c3d2 (c) –2t2r2 × (t2 – 3r2 – 5tr)
5. (a) (ab + ac) × a2c = (–2t2r2) × t2 – 2t2r2 × (–3r2) – 2t2r2 × (–5tr)
= ab × a2c + ac × a2c = – 2t4r2 + 6t2r2 + 10t3r3
= a3bc + a3c2 (d) 4m2n × (m2 + 5mn – 3n2)
(b) 3xy(5x2 – 4y2) = 4m2n × m2 + 4m2n × 5mn + 4m2n × (–3n2)
= 3xy × 5x2 – 3xy × 4y2 = 4m4n + 20m3n2 – 12m2n3
= 15x3y – 12xy3 8. (a) x(x – 7) – 5(x2 – 1) + 4x2 – 7x
(c) 3p2(p2 – 2q3) = x × x – 7 × x – 5x2 + 5 + 4x2 – 7x
= 3p2 × p2 – 3p2 × 2q3 = x2 – 7x – 5x2 + 5 + 4x2 – 7x

= 3p4 – 6p2q3 = – 14x + 5

Math Made Easy-8 47

 (b) 4a(2a2 – 6a) – 3a3(5a2 – 4a + 3) – a(a + 2) (b) (5 – 8m)(5 + 8m)
2 3 2 3 3
= 4a × 2a – 4a × 6a – 3a × 5a – 3a × (–4a) – 3a × = (5)2 – (8m)2
3–a×a–a×2 = 25 – 64m2
= 8a3 – 24a2 – 15a5 + 12a4 – 9a3 – a2 – 2a (c) (p2 – q2)(p2 + q2)
3 3 2 2 5 4
= 8a – 9a – 24a – a – 15a + 12a – 2a = (p2)2 – (q2)2
3 2 5 4
= –a – 25a – 15a + 12a – 2a = p4 – q4
5 4 3 2
= 15a + 12a – a – 25a – 2a (d) 89 × 111
9. (a) (3x + 4y)(3x + 4y) = (3x + 4y)2 = (100 – 11)(100 + 11)
= (3x)2 + (4y)2 + 2 × 3x × 4y
= (100)2 – (11)2
2 2
= 9x + 16y + 24xy
= 10000 – 121
(b) (2p + q)(2p + q) = (2p + q)2
= 9897
= (2p)2 + (q)2 + 2 × 2p × q
(e) 199 × 201
= 4p2 + q2 + 4qp
= (200 – 1)(200 + 1)
(c) (5a + 3b)(5a + 3b) = (5a + 3b)2
= (200)2 – (1)2
2 2
= (5a) + (3b) + 2 × 5a × 3b
= 40000 – 1
= 25a2 + 9b2 + 30ab
= 39999
(d) (103)2 = (100 + 3)2
12. (a) (x + 5)(x + 7)
= (100)2 + (3)2 + 2 × 100 × 3
= (x)2 + (5 + 7)x + 5 × 7
= 10000 + 9 + 600 = 10609
= x2 + 12x + 35
(e) (51)2
(b) (3x – 2)(3x – 1)
= (50 + 1)2
= (3x)2 + (– 2 – 1)3x + (–2) × (– 1)
= (50)2 + (1)2 + 2 × 50 × 1
= 9x2 – 9x + 2
= 2500 + 1 + 100 = 2601
(c) (4p + 3)(4p + 5)
10. (a) (2x2 – 5y)(2x2 – 5y) = (2x2 – 5y)2
= (4p)2 + (3 + 5)4p + 3 × 5
= (2x2)2 + (–5y)2 – 2 × 2x2 × 5y
= 16p2 + 32p + 15
= 4x4 + 25y2 – 20x2y
(d) (2a2 + 6)(2a2 + 5)
(b) (6a – t)(6a – t) = (6a – t)2
= (2a2)2 + (6 + 5)2a2 + 6 × 5
= (6a)2 + (–t)2 – 2 × 6a × t
= 4a4 + 22a2 + 30
= 36a2 + t2 – 12at
(e) 102 × 105 = (100 + 2)(100 + 5)
(c) (3m2 – 4n2) (3m2 – 4n2) = (3m2 – 4n2)2
= (100)2 + (2 + 5)100 + 2 × 5
= (3m2)2 + (–4n2)2 – 2 × 3m2 × 4n2
= 10000 + 700 + 10
= 9m4 + 16n4 – 24m2n2
= 10710
(d) (98)2 = (100 – 2)2
(f) 101 × 98 = (100 + 1)(100 – 2)
= (100)2 + (–2)2 – 2 × 100 × 2
= 10000 + 4 – 400 = 9604 = (100)2 + (1 – 2)100 + 1 × (– 2)

(e) 892 = (90 – 1)2 = 10000 – 100 – 2

= (90)2 + (–1)2 – 2 × 90 × 1 = 9898
= 8100 + 1 – 180 = 7921 13. (a) 982 – 882
11. (a) (2a – 7b)(2a + 7b) = (98 + 88)(98 – 88)
2 2
= (2a) – (7b) = 186 × 10
2 2
= 4a – 49b = 1860
48 Math Made Easy-8
 (b) 342 – 262 15m 2 n3 − 25m3 n 4 + 30m 4 n5
(b)
= (34 + 26)(34 – 26) −5m 2 n3
= 60 × 8 15m 2 n3 25m3 n 4 30m 4 n5
= − +
= 480 −5m 2 n3 −5m 2 n3 −5m 2 n3
= – 3 + 5mn – 6m2n2
14. (a) (2x + 3)(x – 2) – (5x + 3)(x – 2)
−36 x 3 y 3 z + 144 x 2 y 2 z − 12 x 3 y 4 z
= (x – 2)[2x + 3 – 5x – 3] (c)
12 xyz
= (x – 2)(– 3x)
−36 x 3 y 3 z 144 x 2 y 2 z 12 x 3 y 4 z
= – 3x2 + 6x = + −
12 xyz 12 xyz 12 xyz
(b) (y + 1)(2y – 1) – (3y – 1)(y + 2) = – 3x2y2 + 12xy – x2y3
= [y(2y – 1) + 1(2y – 1)] – [3y(y + 2) – 1(y + 2)] −33a 5 − 44a 3 − 66a 2
(d)
= [2y2 – y + 2y – 1] – [3y2 + 6y – y – 2] 11a 2
= (2y2 + y – 1) – (3y2 + 5y – 2) −33a 5 44a 3 66a 2
= − −
11a 2 11a 2 11a 2
= 2y2 + y – 1 – 3y2 – 5y + 2
= – 3a3 – 4a – 6
= – y2 – 4y + 1
a 3 + 3a 2 − 4
(c) 9a4(2a3 – 5a) + 5a6(a – 2a2) 18. (a)
a−2
a – 2) a + 3a – 4 (a + 5a + 10
3 2 2
= 9a4 × 2a3 – 9a4 × 5a + 5a6 × a – 5a6 × 2a2
a – 2a
3 2

= 18a7 – 45a5 + 5a7 – 10a8

(–) (+)
5a – 4
2
= – 10a8 + 23a7 – 45a5
5a – 10a
2

(d) (x – 3)(x2 – 3x + 5) – (x – 2)(4x2 + 5x – 4) (–) (+)

= x(x2 – 3x + 5) – 3(x2 – 3x + 5) – [x(4x2 + 5x – 4) – 10a – 4
2(4x2 + 5x – 4)] 10a – 20
(–) (+)
= (x3 – 3x2 + 5x – 3x2 + 9x + 5) – (4x3 + 5x2 – 4x – 8x2 16

– 10x + 8)
Quotient = a2 + 5a + 10
= x3 – 6x2 + 14x + 5 – 4x3 + 3x2 + 14x – 8 Remainder = 16
= – 3x3 – 3x2 + 28x – 3 Verify : Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = Dividend
15. (a + b + c)(a + b – c) = (a + b)2 – (c)2 L.H.S. (a – 2) × (a2 + 5a + 10) + 16
= a2 + b2 + 2ab – c2 = a(a2 + 5a + 10) – 2(a2 + 5a + 10) + 16
= a2 + b2 – c2 + 2ab = a3 + 5a2 + 10a – 2a2 – 10a – 20 + 16
= a3 + 3a2 – 4 = R.H.S.
Putting a = 1, b =1 and c = 2, we get
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Hence, Verified.
a2 + b2 – c2 + 2ab = (1)2 + (1)2 – (2)2 + 2 × 1 × 1 (b) x2 – x + 2) x5 – 4x4 – 2x3 + x2 – 4x + 8 (x3 – 3x2 – 7x
x – x + 2x
5 4 3
= 1 + 1 – 4 + 2 = 0
(–) (+) (–)
16. Length = 3x2 + 7, Breadth = 4x – 5 – 3x – 4x + x – 4x + 8
4 3 2

... Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth – 3x + 3x – 6x

4 3 2

(+) (–) (+)

= (3x2 + 7)(4x – 5) – 7x + 7x – 4x + 8
3 2

– 7x + 7x – 14x
3 2
= 3x2(4x – 5) + 7(4x – 5)
(+) (–) (+)
= 12x3 – 15x2 + 28x – 35 10x + 8
−8 x 2 y 2 z 3 − 12 x 3 y 3 z 3 + 16 x 4 y 4 z 4 Quotient = x3 – 3x2 – 7x
17. (a)
−4 xyz Remainder = 10x + 8
−8 x 2 y 2 z 3 12 x 3 y 3 z 3 16 x 4 y 4 z 4 Verify : Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = Dividend
= − +
−4 xyz −4 xyz −4 xyz (x2 – x + 2) × (x3 – 3x2 – 7x) + 10x + 8
= 2xyz2 + 3x2y2z2 – 4x3y3z3 = x5 – 4x4 – 2x3 + x2 – 4x + 8

Math Made Easy-8 49

 ... L. H. S. HOTS (pg–91)
= (x2 – x + 2)(x3 – 3x2 – 7x) + 10x + 8 1. For Ram:
= x2(x3 – 3x2 – 7x) – x(x3 – 3x2 – 7x) + 2(x3 – 3x2 – 7x) (a) 3(x – 4) = 3x – 4
+ 10x + 8
L.H.S. = 3(x – 4)
= x5 – 3x4 – 7x3 – x4 + 3x3 + 7x2 + 2x3 – 6x2 – 14x + 10x
+8 = 3 × x – 3 × 4
= x5 – 4x4 – 2x3 + x2 – 4x + 8 = 3x – 12
= R. H. S. So, 3(x – 4) ≠ 3x – 4 (It is wrong)
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Hence, Verified. (b) 2
(2x) = 2x 2

(c) x – 1) x3 – 1 (x2 + x + 1 4x2 ≠ 2x2

x –x
3 2

(–) (+) It is wrong

x –1 (c) (2a – 3)(a + 2) = 2a2 – 6
2

x –x
2

2a(a + 2) – 3(a + 2) = 2a2 – 6

(–) (+)
x–1 2a2 + 4a – 3a – 6 = 2a2 – 6
x–1 2a2 + a – 6 ≠ 2a2 – 6
(–) (+)
0 It is wrong.
(d) (x + 8)2 = x2 + 64
Quotient = x2 + x + 1
x2 + 64 + 16x ≠ x2 + 64
Remainder = 0
Verify : Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = Dividend It is wrong.
L.H.S. (x – 1)(x2 + x + 1) + 0 Thus, Ram's all answers are all wrong
= x(x2 + x + 1) – 1(x2 + x + 1) For Shyam :
= x3 + x2 + x – x2 – x –1 (a) 3(x – 4) = 3x – 12
= x3 – 1 = R.H.S. It is correct.
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Hence, Verified. (b) (2x)2 = 4x2
m m m m m m 2m + 6
4 2 3 2
(d) – 2) – 2 + 2 – 4 ( + 2 + It is correct.
m – 2m
4 3

(–) (+) (c) (2a – 3)(a + 2) = 2a2 – 3a + 4a – 6

2m – 2m + 2m – 4
3 2 = 2a2 + a – 6
2m – 4m It is correct.
3 2

(–) (+)
(d) (x + 8)2 = x2 + 16x + 64
2m + 2m – 4
2

2m – 4m
2
It is correct.
(–) (+) Hence, Shyam'a all answers are correct.
6m – 4 ...
6m – 12 2. Area of rectangle = x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1
(–) (+) and length = x – 1
8 Then, breadth = Area ÷ Length
Quotient = m3 + 2m2 + 2m + 6 = (x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1) ÷ (x – 1)
and Remiander = 8
x – 1) x – 3x + 3x – 1 (x – 2x + 1
3 2 2

Verify : Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = Dividend x –x

3 2

L.H.S. (–) (+)

–2x + 3x – 1
2

Divisor × Quotient + Remiander

–2x + 2x
2

= (m – 2)(m3 + 2m2 + 2m + 6) + 8 (+) (–)

= m(m3 + 2m2 + 2m + 6) – 2(m3 + 2m2 + 2m + 6) + 8 x–1
= m4 + 2m3 + 2m2 + 6m – 2m3 – 4m2 – 4m – 12 + 8 x–1
(–) (+)
= m4 – 2m2 + 2m – 4
... 0
= R.H.S.
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Hence, Verified. Hence, breadth of rectangle is x2 – 2x + 1.
qq

50 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-7 : Factorisation
Check What You Know (pg–92) 3. (a) x2 – ax + bx – ab
1. 35 = 5 × 7 = (x2 – ax) + (bx – ab)
2. 100 = 5 × 2 × 2 × 5 = x(x – a) + b(x – a)
3. 105 = 3 × 5 × 7 = (x – a)(x + b)
Instant Act (pg–95) (b) a2 + 2a + ab + 2b
1. (a) 2y = 2 × y = (a2 + 2a) + (ab + 2b)
22xy = 2 × 11 × x × y = a(a + 2) + b(a + 2)
Common factor = 2 × y = 2y = (a + 2)(a + b)
(b) a2b3 = a × a × b × b × b (c) am – bm – an + bn
a3b2 = a × a × a × b × b
= (am – bm) – (an – bn)
Common factor = a × a × b × b
= m(a – b) – n(a – b)
= a2b2

= (a – b)(m – n)
(c) 36a2b3c4 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × a × a × b ×
b×b× c × c ×c×c (d) 2px + qx + 2py + qy
54a5c2 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × a × a × a × = (2px + qx) + (2py + qy)
a×a× c × c = x(2p + q) + y(2p + q)
90a4b2c2 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × a × a × a ×
= (2p + q)(x + y)
a×b×b× c × c
(e) a3 – a2 + a – 1
Common factor = 2 × 3 × 3 × a × a × c × c
= 18a2c2 = (a3 – a2) + (a – 1)
(d) x3 = x × x × x = a2(a – 1) + 1(a – 1)
–yx2 = – y × x × x = (a – 1) (a2 + 1)
Common factor = x × x (f) a2x – aby + 2ax – 2by
= x2
= (a2x – aby) + (2ax – 2by)
(e) 15a = 3 × 5 × a × a × a
3
= a(ax – by) + 2(ax – by)
–45a2 = – 3 × 3 × 5 × a × a = (ax – by) (a + 2)
–150a = 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 × a
(g) 3x – 3y + xy – y2
Common factor = 3 × 5 × a = 15a
= (3x – 3y) + (xy – y2)
(f) 16x3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × x
= 3(x – y) + y(x – y)
–4x2 = – 2 × 2 × x × x
= (x – y)(3 + y)
32x3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × x
Common factor = 2 × 2 × x × x (h) 2a2 + 3ab – 2ac – 3bc
= 4x2 = (2a2 + 3ab) – (2ac + 3bc)
2. (a) 5x – 40 = 5(x – 8) = a(2a + 3b) – c(2a + 3b)
(b) 9a2 + 27a = 9a(a + 3) = (2a + 3b)(a – c)
(c) – 13p + 26p2 = 13p(–1 + 2p) Instant Act (pg–97)
(d) 12a2 – 20a + 16a3 = 4a(3a – 5 + 4a2) 1. (a) 4x2 + 12x + 9
(e) x3y3 – x2y2 + 2xy = xy(x2y2 – xy + 2) = (2x)2 + 2 × 2x × 3 + (3)2

(f) 26a3b5 + 39a4b2 = 13a3b2(2b3 + 3a) = (2x + 3)2  [Using identity a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2]

Math Made Easy-8 51

 (b) 25x2 – 40x + 16 = (abc)2 – (3x)2
= (5x)2 – 2 × 5x × 4 + (4)2 = (abc + 3x)(abc – 3x)
2 2 2 2
= (5x – 4)  [Using identity a –2ab + b = (a – b) ] (h) x4 – (y + z)4
(c) 4a2 – 4a + 1 = (x2)2 – [(y + z)2]2
= (2a)2 – 2 × 2a × 1 + (1)2 = [x2 + (y + z)2][x2 – (y + z)2]
= (2a – 1)2  [Using identity a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2] (i) a4 – 16
(d) a4 + 16b4 – 8a2b2 = (a2)2 – (4)2
= (a2)2 + (4b2)2 – 2 × a2 × 4b2 = (a2 – 4)(a2 + 4)
= (a2 – 4b2)2 [Using identify a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2] = [(a)2 – (2)2](a2 + 4)
1 2 = (a + 2)(a – 2)(a2 + 4)
x + x +1
(e)
4 3. (a) (a + 2b)2 – 16x2
2
1  1
=   + 2 × x × 1 + (1)
2
x = (a + 2b)2 – (4x)2
2 2
2 = (a + 2b + 4x)(a + 2b – 4x)
1 
=  x + 1 [Using identity a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2] (b) 4a2 – (2a – 3b)2
2 
(f) 25x2 + 140xy + 196y2 = (2a)2 – (2a – 3b)2

= (5x)2 + 2 × 5x × 14y + (14y)2 = (2a – 2a + 3b)(2a + 2a – 3b)

= (5x + 14y)2[Using identity a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2] = 3b(4a – 3b)
2. (a) 8a2 – 50b2 (c) (3x + 2y)2 – (2x – 3y)2
= 2(4a2 – 25b2) = (3x + 2y – 2x + 3y)(3x + 2y + 2x – 3y)
= 2[(2a)2 – (5b)2] = (x + 5y)(5x – y)
= 2(2a – 5b)(2a + 5b) (d) 1 – a2 – 2ab – b2
 [Using identity a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)] = 1 – (a2 + 2ab + b2)
(b) 4m2 – 81 = (1)2 – (a + b)2
= (2m)2 – (9)2 = (1 – a – b)(1 + a + b)
= (2m + 9)(2m – 9) (e) (x4 – 22x2y2 + 121y4) – 169
(c) 27r3 – 3r5 = [(x2)2 – 2 × x2 × 11y2 + (11y2)2] – 169
= 3r3(9 – r2) = (x2 – 11y2)2 – (13)2 [∵ a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2]
= 3r3[(3)2 – (r)2] = (x2 – 11y2 + 13) (x2 – 11y2 – 13)
= 3r3(3 + r)(3 – r) [∵ (a2 – b2) = (a – b)(a + b)]
(d) a3 – ab2 4. (a) am2 + bm2 + bn2 + an2
= a(a2 – b2) = m2(a + b) + n2(b + a)
= a(a + b) (a – b) = (a + b)(m2 + n2)
(e) 4(x – y)3 – (x – y) (b) (l + m)2 – (l – m)2
= (x – y)[4(x – y)2 – 1] = (l + m – l + m)(l + m + l – m)
= (x – y)[{2(x – y)}2 – (1)2] = 2m × 2l = 4ml
= (x – y)[{2(x – y) + 1}{2(x – y) – 1}] (c) (x2 + 2xy + y2) – z2
= (x – y)(2x – 2y + 1)(2x – 2y – 1) = (x + y)2 – (z)2
(f) 4y2 – 25x2 = (x + y – z)(x + y + z)
= (2y) – (5x)2 2
(d) (25a2 + c2 + 10ac) – 49b2
= (2y – 5x)(2y + 5x) = [(5a)2 + (c)2 + 2 × 5a × c] – (7b)2
(g) a2b2c2 – 9x2 = (5a + c)2 – (7b)2
52 Math Made Easy-8
 = (5a + c – 7b)(5a + c + 7b)
4 2 2 4 4
(e) x + 8x y + 16y – 9z
2 2 2 2
= [(x ) + 2 × x × 4y + (4y ) ] – 9z
= (x2 + 4y2)2 – (3z2)2
= (x2 + 4y2 + 3z2)(x2 + 4y2 – 3z2)
(f) 5y2 – 20y – 8z + 2yz
= 5y(y – 4) – 2z(4 – y)
= 5y(y – 4) + 2z(y – 4)
= (y – 4)(5y + 2z)
(g) x3 – y3 + x – x2y3
= x3 + x – x2y3 – y3
= x(x2 + 1) – y3(x2 + 1)
= (x2 + 1)(x – y3)
2 2
(h) 48a – 243b = 3(16a – 81b ) 2 2
= 3[(4a)2 – (9b)2]
= 3(4a + 9b)(4a – 9b)
(i) 7p2 + 21q2
= 7(p2 + 3q2)
Instant Act (pg–99)
(a) x2 + 5x + 6 
= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6
= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)
= (x + 2)(x + 3)
(b) p2 – 6p – 16 
= p2 – 8p + 2p – 16 
= p(p – 8) + 2(p – 8)
= (p – 8)(p + 2)
(c) m2 – 18m + 77 
= m2 – 11m – 7m + 77 
= m(m – 11) – 7(m – 11)
= (m – 11)(m – 7)
(d) y2 – 2y – 35 
= y2 – 7y + 5y – 35 
= y(y – 7) + 5(y – 7)
= (y – 7)(y + 5)
(e) x2 + 11x + 30 
= x2 + 5x + 6x + 30 
= x(x + 5) + 6(x+ 5)
= (x + 5)(x + 6)
(f) m2 – 15m + 44 
= m2 – 11m – 4m + 44 
2 2 4
[... Factors of 6 = 2 × 3]
[... Factors of 16 = 8 × 2]
[... – 6p = – 8p + 2p]
[... Factors of 77 = 11 × 7]
[... – 18m = – 11m – 7m]
[... Factors of 35 = 7 × 5]
[... – 2y = – 7y + 5y]
(o) x2 – 13x + 12 
[... Factors of 30 = 5 × 6]
[... 11x = 5x + 6x]
Instant Act (pg–102)
1.
[... Factors of 44 = 11 × 4]
[... – 15m = –11m – 4m]
= m(m – 11) – 4(m – 11)
= (m – 11)(m – 4)
(g) x2 + 17x – 38  [... Factors of 38 = 19 × 2]
= x2 + 19x – 2x – 38  [... 17x = 19x – 2x]
= x(x + 19) – 2(x + 19)
= (x + 19)(x – 2)
(h) x2 + 12x + 11  [... Factors of 11 = 11 × 1]
= x2 + 11x + x + 11  [... 12x = 11x + x]
= x(x + 11) + 1(x + 11)
= (x + 11) + (x + 1)
(i) x2 – 13x + 36  [... Factors of 36 = 9 × 4]
= x2 – 9x – 4x + 36  [... –13x = –9x – 4x]
= x(x – 9) – 4(x – 9)
= (x – 9)(x – 4)
(j) p2 – 15p + 54  [... Factors of 54 = 9 × 6]
= p2 – 9p – 6p + 54  [... –15p = –9p – 6p]
= p(p – 9) – 6(p – 9)
= (p – 9)(p – 6)
(k) c2 – 19c – 66  [... Factors of 66 = 22 × 3]
= c2 – 22c + 3c – 66  [... –19c = –22c + 3c]
= c(c – 22) + 3(c – 22)
= (c – 22)(c + 3)
(l) a2 – 8ab + 12b2  [... Factors of 12 = 6 × 2]
= a2 – 6ab – 2ab + 12b2  [... –8ab = – 6ab – 2ab]
= a(a – 6b) – 2b(a – 6b)
= (a – 6b)(a – 2b)
(m) x2 + 21x + 110  [... Factors of 110 = 11 × 10]
= x2 + 11x + 10x + 110  [... 21x = 11x + 10x]
= x(x + 11) + 10(x + 11)
= (x + 11)(x + 10)
(n) m2 – 25m + 100  [... Factors of 100 = 20 × 5]
= m2 – 20m – 5m + 100  [... –25m = –20m – 5m]
= m(m – 20) – 5(m – 20)
= (m – 20)(m – 5)
[... Factors of 12 = 12 × 1]
= x2 – 12x – x + 12  [... –13x = –12x – x]
= x(x – 12) – 1(x – 12)
= (x – 12)(x – 1)
2x2
(a) 2x2 ÷ 2x = =x
2x
—36× y × y × y
(b) –36y3 ÷ 9y2 = = – 4y
9× y× y
Math Made Easy-8 53
 66 × p × q × q × r × r × r = (5x + 4y)(5x – 4y)
(c) 66pq2r3 ÷ 11qr2 = = 6pqr
11 × q × r × r 4. x2 – 12x + 35 = x2 – 7x – 5x + 35
= x(x – 7) – 5(x – 7)
28 xy 1
(d) 28xy ÷ 56 = = xy = (x – 7) (x – 5)
56 2
5. x2 + 14x + 49 = (x)2 + 2 × x × 7 + (7)2
16 × 5 × y × y × y × y = (x + 7)2
(e) 80y4 ÷ 5y3 = = 16y
5× y × y × y
B. 1. False
5 6x2 + x – 1 = 6x2 + 3x – 2x – 1
16 × 5 xyz xyz
2 2 2
(f) 80xyz ÷ 16x y z = = = 3x(2x + 1) – 1(2x + 1)
16 × x × x × y × y × z × z
= (3x – 1)(2x + 1)
3 pq 1 2. True
(g) 3pq ÷ 21pq2r = =
3× 7 × p × q × q × r 7qr
x2 –14xy + 49y2 = (x)2 – 2 × x × 7y + (7y)2
22a a = (x)2 – 2 × x × 7y + (7y)2
(h) 22a ÷ 44b = =
22 × 2 × b 2b
= (x – 7y)2
22 × 2abc —2 3. False
(i) –44abc ÷ 22a2b2c = − =
22 × a × a × b × b × c ab a2 – 4 = (a)2 – (2)2
10 x — 25 5 ( 2 x — 5) = (a + 2)(a – 2)
2. (a) = =5
2x — 5 2x — 5 4. False
10 p + 20 pq + 40 pq
3 2
25 x 3 + 5 xz 25 x 3 5 xz
(b) = +
5p 5 xy 5 xy 5 xy
10 p 3 20 pq 40 pq 2 5x 2 z
= + + = +
5p 5p 5p y y
5. True
= 2p2 + 4q + 8q2
9x2 + 24xy + 16y2 = (3x)2 + 2 × 3x × 4y + (4y)2
5p
(c) +5p = (3x + 4y)2
7
9 x 2 y 2 (3 z — 24) 9 x 2 y 2 × 3 ( z — 8) MCQs (pg–102)
(d) = = xy
27 xy ( z − 8) 27 xy ( z − 8) 1. 16x2 + 88x + 121
= (4x)2 + 2 × 4x × 11 + (11)2
96abc (3a —12)( b5 — 30
)
(e) = (4x + 11)2
144 (a — 4)(b —) 6
Hence, option (b) is correct.
96abc × 3 (a — 4) × 5(b —) 6
= 2. x2 – (y + z)2
144 (a — 4)(b —) 6
= (x – y – z)(x + y +z)
= 10abc
Hence, option (b) is correct.
26 xy ( x + 5) ( y − 4) 3. 15x3 = 3 × 5 × x × x × x
3. (a) = 2y(x + 5)
13 x ( y − 4) –45x2 = –3 × 3 × 5 × x × x
–150x = – 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 × x
52 pqr ( p + q )(q + r )(r + p ) r ( p + q)
(b) = H.C.F = 3 × 5 × x = 15x
104 pq ( q + r )( r + p ) 2
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Mental Maths (pg–102)
4. 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
15 p 3 qr 15 p 2 q
A. 1. = 32 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
pr 2 r
2. Factorisation Common factor = 1, 2, 4 and 8
3. 2 2
25x – 16y = (5x) – (4y)2 2 Hence, option(d) is correct.

54 Math Made Easy-8

5. 8x2y2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × y × y
12x y = 2 × 2 × 3 × x × x × y
2
H.C.F. = 2 × 2 × x × x × y = 4x2y
Hence, option (c) is correct.
6. 5x(x – 3y) – 3(x – 3y)
= (x – 3y)(5x – 3)
Hence, option (b) is correct.
7. 102 × 98
= (100 + 2) × (100 – 2)
= (100)2 – (2)2
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Crack the code: (pg–103)
1. (a) –2xy(7x – 3y)
= – 2xy × 7x – 2xy × – 3y
= – 14x2y + 6xy2
(b) –6xy(2x – 3y)
= – 6xy × 2x – 6xy × – 3y
= – 12x2y + 18xy2
(c) – 2x(3y2x – y)
= – 2x × 3y2x – 2x × – y
= – 6x2y2 + 2xy
2. (a) x2 + 5x – 36 
= x2 + 9x – 4x – 36 
= x(x + 9) – 4(x + 9)
= (x + 9)(x – 4)
(b) 2 – a – a 2
= 2 – 2a + a – a2 
= 2(1 – a) + a(1 – a)
= (1 – a)(2 + a)
(c) x2 – 19x + 84 
= x2 – 12x – 7x + 84 
= x(x – 12) – 7(x – 12)
= (x – 12)(x – 7)
(d) x2 – 6x + 9 
= (x)2 – 2 × x × 3 + (3)2 
= (x – 3)2
3. (a) y2 + y – 132  [... Factors of 132 = 12 × 11]
= y2 + 12y – 11y – 132 
= y(y + 12) – 11(y + 12)
= (y + 12)(y – 11)
(b) x2 + 22x – 48 
= x2 + 24x – 2x – 48 
= x(x + 24) – 2(x + 24)
4.
[... Factors of 36 = 9 × 4]
[... 5x = 9x – 4x]
[... Factors of 2 = 2 × 1]
[... –a = –2a + a]
[... Factors of 84 = 12 × 7]
[... –19x = –12x – 7x]
5.
[... y = 12y – 11y]
[... Factors of 48 = 24 × 2]
[... 22x = 24x – 2x]
= (x + 24)(x – 2)
(c) x2 – 11x – 42  [... Factors of 42 = 14 × 3]
= x2 – 14x + 3x – 42  [... –11x = –14x + 3x]
= x(x – 14) + 3(x – 14)
= (x – 14) (x + 3)
(d) x2 – x – 156  [... Factors of 156 = 13 × 12]
= x2 – 13x + 12x – 156  [... –x = –13x + 12x]
= x(x – 13) + 12(x – 13)
= (x – 13) (x + 12)
(a) 49a2 + 84ab + 36b2
= (7a)2 + 2 × 7a × 6b + (6b)2
= (7a + 6b)2
(b) 121p2 – 88pq + 16q2
= (11p)2 – 2 × 11p × 4q + (4q)2
= (11p – 4q)2
(c) x4 – y4
= (x2)2 – (y2)2
= (x2 – y2)(x2 + y2)
= (x – y)(x + y)(x2 + y2)
(d) 25x2 – 4y2 + 28yz – 49z2
= 25x2 – (4y2 – 28yz + 49z2)
= 25x2 – [(2y)2 – 2 × 2y × 7z + (7z)2]
= (5x)2 – (2y – 7z)2
= (5x + 2y – 7z)(5x – 2y + 7z)
(e) x2 – y2 – 2y – 1
= x2 – (y2 + 2y + 1)
= x2 – [(y)2 + 2 × y × 1 + (1)2]
= (x)2 – (y + 1)2
= (x – y – 1)(x + y + 1)
(f) (p + q)2 – (p – q)2
= (p + q + p – q) (p + q – p + q)
= 2p × 2q = 4pq
(a) 6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x
= 2y(3x – 2) + 3(2 – 3x)
= 2y(3x – 2) – 3(3x – 2)
= (3x – 2)(2y – 3)
(b) 15xy – 6x + 5y – 2
= 3x(5y – 2) + 1(5y – 2)
= (5y – 2)(3x + 1)
(c) 15pq + 15 + 9q + 25p
= 15pq + 25p + 9q + 15
= 5p(3q + 5) + 3(3q + 5)
Math Made Easy-8 55
 = (3q + 5)(5p + 3) 8.
(a) 3x o 4 27 x3 o 64 9 x2 + 12x + 16
(d) ax + bx – ay – by 27x3 o 36x2
(o) (+)
= x(a + b) – y(a + b) 36x2 o 64
2
= (a + b)(x – y) 36x o 48x
(o) (+)
(e) a3 – b2 + a – a2b2 48x o 64
= a3 – a2b2 + a – b2 48x o 64
(o) (+)
= a2(a – b2) + 1(a – b2) 0
= (a – b2)(a2 + 1) . 2
. . Hence, quotient = 9x + 12x + 16,
(f) 3px – py + 3qx – qy remainder = 0
= p(3x – y) + q(3x – y) 2
(b) x + 6) x + 11x + 30 (x + 5
= (3x – y)(p + q) x2 + 6 x
(o) (o)
3x 3 3× x × x × x 5x + 30
6. (a) = = 3x
x x×x 5x + 30
2

(o) (o)
16a 5 8× 2× a × a × a × a × a 0
(b) = = 2a4
8a 8× a
Hence, quotient = x + 5, remainder = 0
m3 n 2 —m × m × m × n × n
(c) = = –m2n (c) a + 1) a2 + 2a + 1 (a + 1
—mn m×n a +a
2

24 xyz 3 —3× 8× x × y × z × z × z (–) (–)

(d) = = –8xyz a+1
—3z 2 3× z × z
a+1
— 49p 5 q —7× 7× p 5 × q (–) (–)
(e) = = –7q 0
7p 5
7 × p5
Hence, quotient = a + 1 and remainder = 0
—50a 4 b3 c15 —10× 5× a 4 b3 c15
(f)
10a b c
2 2 10 = (d) 2x + 1) 2x2 + 11x + 5 (x + 5
10a 2 b 2 c10
2x + x
2
4 – 2 3 – 2 15 – 10
= –5a b c (–) (–)
= –5a2bc5 10x + 5
5 x 2 — 3x 5 x 2 3x 10x + 5
7. (a) = − = 5x – 3 (–) (–)
x x x 0
8a 2 b — 7ab 2 ab (8a — b7 )
(b) = = 8a – 7b Hence, quotient = x + 5 and remainder = 0
ab ab
p 2 —pq — pz p 2 pq pz (e) 8x – 3y) 24x2 – 65xy + 21y2 (3x – 7y
(c) = − − =–p+q+z 24x – 9xy
2

—p —p q
— p—
(–) (+)
– 56xy + 21y
2
3m3 — 9m 2 n —mn
62
(d) – 56xy + 21y
2
−3m
(+) (–)
3m (m 2 — mn
3 —n22 ) 0
=
m
—3
= – (m2 – 3mn – 2n2) = 2n2 + 3mn – m2 Hence, quotient = 3x – 7y and remainder = 0
64 ( x 2 − 25)
(e) 8 x — 36x y —16
x
3 2
9. (a)
— 8x x+5

4 x ( 2 x 2 — 9xy —) 4 64 ( x ) − (5) 

2 2

=
=
— 8x x+5
64 ( x − 5)( x + 5)
= − ( 2 x 2 − 9 xy − 4)
1 =
x+5
2 = 64(x – 5)[... Using identity a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]
9
= − x 2 + xy + 2
2
56 Math Made Easy-8
 7 ( x 2 + 6 x + 9)
= 3y3(y2 + 2y + 2) + 1(y2 + 2y + 2) + 6y2 + 6y + 7
(b)
x+3 = 3y5 + 6y4 + 6y3 + y2 + 2y + 2 + 6y2 + 6y + 7

7 ( x ) + 2 × x × 3 + (3)  = L.H.S. = 3y4 + 6y4 + 6y3 + 7y2 + 8y + 9

2 2

=
x+3 Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Proved.
7 ( x + 3)
2

12. (a) 4 z + 6 z —z
3 2
=  [Using identity a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2]
x+3
2z
7 ( x + 3)( x + 3) 4z2 6z2 z
=
x+3 = + −
2z 2z 2z
= 7(x + 3)
2× 2× z × z × z 3× 2× z × z z
3 x 2 − 48 = + –
(c) 2× z 2× z 2z
x+4 1
= 2z2 + 3z –
3 ( x 2 − 16) 2
= 6 x 2 y − 7 xy 2 —10xy
x+4 (b)
1
xy
3 ( x ) − (4) 
2 2
2
=
x+4 6 x 2 y 7 xy 2 10 xy
 [Using identity a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)] = − −
1 1 1
xy xy xy
3 ( x + 4)( x — 4) 2 2 2
=
x+4 2 × 6 × x × x × y 2 × 7 × x × y × y 10 × 2 × xy
= 3(x – 4) = − −
x× y x× y x× y
10. If 6x3 + 7x2 – x – 2 is divided by 3x + 2, we get remainder
= 12x – 14y – 20
0, then we say that 3x + 2 is a factor of 6x3 + 7x2 – x – 2.
3x + 2) 6x + 7x – x – 2 (2x + x – 1
3 2 2 x3 y 6 − x 6 y 3
(c)
6x + 4x x3 y 3
3 2

(–) (–)
3x – x – 2
2 x3 y 6 x 6 y 3
= −
3x + 2x
2
x3 y 3 x3 y 3
(–) (–)
x3 × y 3 × y 3 x3 × x3 × y 3
– 3x – 2 = −
– 3x – 2 x3 y 3 x3 y 3
(+) (+) = y3 – x3
0
HOTS : (pg–104)
Here, remainder = 0, then it is true that 3x + 2 is a factor of
1. Area of a square field = 16x2 – 8xy + y2
6x3 + 7x2 – x – 27.
11. 3y3 + 1) 3y5 + 6y4 + 6y3 + 7y2 + 8y + 9 (y2 + 2y + 2 16 x 2 − 8 xy + y 2
Side of a square field =
3y +y
5 2

[... Area = (side)2 sq units]

(–) (–)
6y + 6y + 6y + 8y + 9
4 3 2
= ( 4 x )2 − 2 × 4 x × y + ( y ) 2
6y + 2y
4

(–) (–)
6y + 6y + 6y + 9
3 2
= (4x − y )2
6y
3
+2 = (4x – y) sq units
(–) (–)
6y + 6y + 7
2
Given, x = 1 and y = 2, then
side = 4 × 1 – 2 [Substituting the value
Hence, quotient = y2 + 2y + 2 and remainder = 6y2 + 6y + 7.
of x and y]
Here, divisor = 3y3 + 1 and dividend = 3y5 + 6y4 + 6y3 + 7y2
+ 8y + 9 = 4 – 2
= 2 m
R.H.S. = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
2. L.H.S. = (9x + 7)2 – 252x
= (3y3 + 1) × (y2 + 2y + 2) + (6y2 + 6y + 7)
= (9x)2 + (7)2 + 2 × 9x × 7 – 252x

Math Made Easy-8 57

 = (9x)2 + (7)2 + 126x – 252x = 2(length + breadth)
= (9x)2 + (7)2 – 126x = 2(m + 11 + m + 7) metre
= (9x)2 + (7)2 – 2 × 9x × 7
= 2 × (2m + 18)
= (9x – 7)2 = R.H.S.
3. L.H.S. = (x – y)(x + y) + (y – z)(y + z) + (z – x)(z + x) = (4m + 36) metre
= [(x)2 – (y)2] + [(y)2 – (z)2] + [(z)2 – (x)2] Cost of fencing = ` 3.50 × (4m + 36)
= x2 – y2 + y2 – z2 + z2 – x2
= 0 = R.H.S. = ` (14m + 126)
4. Area of a square park = (9x2 – 24x + 16) sq. units Cross Curricular Connect (pg - 104)
... Side of a square park = 9 x − 24 x + 16
2
Distance = (x2 – 13x + 36) km
 [... Side of a square = Area of a square ] = (x2 – 9x – 4x + 36) km
= (3x )2 — 2× 3x × 4+ ( 4)2  [Using factors of 36 = 9 × 4]
= (3x — 4)2 = [x(x – 9) – 4(x – 9)]
= (3x – 4) m
= [(x – 9)(x – 4)] km
5. ... Area of a rectangular park = m2 + 18m + 77
= m2 + 11m + 7m + 77 Speed = (x – 9) km/hr
= m(m + 11) + 7(m + 11) Distance
∴ Time taken =
= (m + 11)(m + 7) Speed
i.e. Area of a rectangle = length × breadth (x − 9) (x − 4)
=
... Length = m + 11 and breadth = m + 7 ( x − 9)
= (x – 4) hour
Now perimeter of a rectangular park
qq

58 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-8 : Linear Equations in One Variable
2x + 15
Check What You Know (pg–105) (b) 3x – 1 = – 5
1. Let the number be x, then Multiplying both sides by (3x – 1), we get
3x – 1 × ]3x – 1g = – 5 × (3x – 1)
⇒ x + 19 = 40 2x + 15

⇒ x = 40 – 19 ⇒ 2x + 15 = – 15x + 5
⇒ x = 21 By transposing, we get
Hence, the number is 21. ⇒ 2x + 15x = 5 – 15
⇒ 17x = – 10
2. Let the numer be x, then
– 10
⇒ 2x + 3 = 15 ⇒ x = 17
2x + 15
⇒ 2x = 15 – 3 = 12 Check : L.H.S. = 3x – 1
⇒ x= 6 – 10
2 × 17 + 15
= – 10
Hence, the number is 6. 3 × 17 – 1
3. Let the number be x, then – 20 +
15
= –1730
x × 4 + 7 = 4x + 7
17 – 1
4. Let the number be x, then – 20 + 255
x × 3 + 7 = 4 × x – 12 = –3017– 17
17
3x + 7 = 4x – 12 235
Transposing 4x to L.H.S. and 7 to R.H.S., we get, = –1747
17
⇒ 3x – 4x = – 7 – 12 235 – 17
= 17 × 47
⇒ – x = – 19
= – 5 = R.H.S.
⇒ x = 19 4x
(c) 2x + 7 = 3
Instant Act (pg–111) Multiply both sides by 2x + 7, we get
5x – 3 4x
(a) 3x =2 2x + 7 × (2x + 7) = 3 × (2x + 7)
Multiply both sides by 3x, we get ⇒ 4x = 6x + 21

b 5x – 3 l × 3x = 2 × 3x
Transposing 6x to L.H.S., we get
3x
⇒ 4x – 6x = 21
⇒ 5x – 3 = 6x
⇒ – 2x = 21
Transposing 6x to LHS we get
– 21
⇒ x= 2
⇒ 5x – 6x = 3
4x
⇒ –x =3 Check : L.H.S. = 2x + 7

4×b 2 l
⇒ x =–3 – 21
5 × (– 3) – 3 =
2×b 2 l + 7
Check : L.H.S. = – 21
(– 3) × 3
– 15 – 3 – 42
= –9 = – 21 + 7
– 18 – 42
= –9 = – 14
= 2 R.H.S. = 3 = R.H.S.

Math Made Easy-8 59

 4x + 18 Check : L.H.S. = 0.6x
(d) 5x =2
= 0.6 × 250 = 150
Multiply both side by 5x, we get
R.H.S. = 0.5x + 25
b 4x + 18 l × 5x = 2 × 5x
5x = 0.5 × 250 + 25
4x + 18 = 10x 5
= 10 × 250 + 25
Transposing 10x to L.H.S.and 18 to R.H.S.
= 125 + 25
⇒ 4x – 10x = – 18
= 150
⇒ – 6x = – 18 ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S 
– 18
⇒ x = –6 =3 (h) 4(3x – 3) – 2(3x – 5) = 7
4x + 18 ⇒ 12x – 12 – 6x + 10 = 7
Check : L.H.S. = 5x
4 × 3 + 18 ⇒ 6x – 2 = 7
= 5×3 Transposing – 2 to R.H.S., we get
12 + 18
= 15 ⇒ 6x = 7 + 2
30 ⇒ 6x = 9
= 15 = 12
9 3
= R.H.S. ⇒ x= 6 =2
(e) 4x = 13 – 2x – 10 Check : L.H.S. = 4(3x – 3) – 2(3x – 5)
= 4 b3 × 2 – 3l – 2 b3 × 2 – 5l
⇒ 4x = 3 – 2x 3 3

= 4 b 2 – 3l – 2 b 2 – 5l
Transposing – 2x to L.H.S., we get 9 9

⇒ 4x + 2x = 3
9 9
⇒ 6x = 3 = 2 × 4 –12 – 2 × 2 + 2 × 5
3 1 = 18 – 12 – 9 + 10
⇒ x = 6 = 2
= 7 = R.H.S.
1
Check : L.H.S. = 4x = 4 × 2 = 2 1 1
(i) 2x – 2 = 4 – x
R.H.S. = 13 – 2x – 10 1 1
⇒ 2x + x = 4 + 2
= 3 – 2x
1+ 2
1 ⇒ 3x = 4
= 3 – 2 × 2
3
= 3 – 1 = 2 ⇒ 3x = 4
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 3 1
⇒ x = 3× 4 = 4
(f) 8x – 3 – 5x –5 = 7 1
Check : L.H.S. = 2x – 2
⇒ 3x – 8 = 7
1 1
= 2× 4 – 2
Transposing – 8 to R.H.S., we get
1 1
⇒ 3x = 7 + 8 = 15 = 2 – 2 =0
15 1
⇒ x = 3 =5 R.H.S. = 4 – x
Check : L.H.S. = 8x – 3 – 5x – 5 1 1
= 4 – 4 =0
= 3x – 8 ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
= 3 × 5 – 8 1 2
(j) 3x–4 =4+ 3x
= 15 – 8 = 7 = R.H.S. Multiply both sides by 3, we get
(g) 0.6x = 0.5x + 25 1 2
3 x×3 – 4×3 = 4 × 3 + 3 x×3
Transposing 0.5x to L.H.S., we get
⇒ x – 12 = 12 + 2x
⇒ 0.6x – 0.5x = 25
Transposing 2x to L.H.S. and – 12 to R.H.S.
⇒ 0.1x = 25 ⇒ x – 2x = 12 + 12
25 10 250
⇒ x = 0.1 × 10 = 1 ⇒ – x = 24
⇒ x = 250 ⇒ x = – 24

60 Math Made Easy-8

 1 Transposing 0.6x to L.H.S., we get
Check : L.H.S. = 3 x – 4
1 ⇒ 1.2x + x – 0.6x = 18
= 3 × (– 24) – 4
⇒ 1.6x = 18
= – 8 – 4 = – 12 18 10
2 ⇒ x = 1.6 × 10
R.H.S. = 4 + 3 x 180 45
2 = 16 = 4
= 4 + 3 × (– 24) x
Check : L.H.S. = 0.4x + 3
= 4 – 16
45 45
= 0.4 × 4 + 4 × 3
= – 12
18 15
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  = 4 + 4
x x 1 33
= 4
(k) 2 + 4 = 10
Taking L.C.M. 2 and 4 is 4, we get R.H.S. = 0.2x + 6
2x + x 1 45
⇒ = 10 = 0.2 × 4 + 6
4
3x 1 9
⇒ = 4 +6
4 = 10
Multiply both sides by 4, we get 33
= 4
3x 1 ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
⇒ 4 × 4 = 10 × 4
2 (n) 1.4(2 – x) – 0.5(2x – 4) = 0
⇒ 3x = 5
2 2 ⇒ 2.8 – 1.4x – x + 2 = 0
⇒ x = 5 × 3 = 15
x x ⇒ – 2.4x + 4.8 = 0
Check : L.H.S. = 2 + 4
Transposing 4.8 to R.H.S., we get
2 2
= 15 × 2 + 15 × 4 ⇒ – 2.4x = – 4.8
1 1 4.8
= 15 + 30 ⇒ x = 2.4 = 2
2 +1
= 30 Check : L.H.S. = 1.4(2 – x) – 0.5(2x – 4)
3 1 = 1.4(2 – 2) – 0.5(2 × 2 – 4)
= 30 = 10 = R.H.S.
2x x = 1.4 × 0 – 0.5 × 0
(l) 3 – 4 = 5 + 10
= 0 – 0 = 0 = R.H.S.
Multiply both sides by 15, we get
(o) 5 ]2x – 3g + 3 ]4 – 5xg = 0
3 1
2x x
3 × 15 – 4 × 15 = 5 × 15 + 10 × 15
Taking LCM of 5 and 3 is 15, so multiply both sides
⇒ 10x – 60 = 3x + 150
by 15, we get
Transposing 3x to L.H.S. and 60 to R.H.S., we get
⇒ 15 × 5 ]2x – 3g + 15 × 3 ]4 – 5xg = 0
3 1
⇒ 10x – 3x = 150 + 60
⇒ 9(2x – 3) + 5(4 – 5x) = 0
⇒ 7x = 210
210 ⇒ 18x – 27 + 20 – 25x = 0
⇒ x = 7 = 30
– 7x – 7 = 0
2x
Check : L.H.S. = 3 – 4 Transposing –7 to R.H.S., we get
2 × 30
= 3 –4 –7x = 7
= 20 – 4 = 16 –7
or x = 7 = – 1
x
Check : L.H.S. = 5 ]2x – 3g + 3 ]4 – 5xg
R.H.S. = 5 + 10 3 1
30
= 5 ]2 × –1 – 3g + 3 ]4 – 5 × – 1g
= 5 + 10 3 1

= 6 + 10 = 16
= 5 ]– 2 – 3g + 3 ]4 + 5g
3 1

∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
x
3 1
= 5 × (– 5) + 3 × 9
(m) 0.4x + 3 = 0.2x + 6
Multiply both sides by 3, we get = – 3 + 3
1.2x + x = 0.6x + 18 = 0 = R.H.S.

Math Made Easy-8 61

 x+8 x–6 Transposing – 15 to R.H.S. and – 8x to L.H.S., we get
(p) 3 = 2+ 7
⇒ 9x + 8x = 15 – 12
x–6
Transposing 7 to L.H.S., we get ⇒ 17x = 3
x+8 x –6 or
3
x = 17
3 – 7 =2
Since L.C.M. of 3 and 7 is 21, so multiply both sides 3x – 5
Check : L.H.S. = 4x + 6
by 21, we get
3
3 × 17 – 5
⇒ b x 3 8 l × 21 – b 7 l × 21 = 2 × 21
+ x–6 = 3
7 ]x + 8g – 3 ]x – 6g = 42
4 × 17 + 6
⇒
9
17 –5
⇒ 7x + 56 – 3x + 18 = 42 = 12
⇒ 4x + 74 = 42 17 + 6
9 – 85
Transposing 74 to R.H.S., we get = 12 + 102
⇒ 4x = 42 – 74 – 76 2
= 114 = – 3 = R.H.S.
⇒ 4x = – 32 2x – 3 x + 3 4x + 1
(s) 5 + 4 = 7
– 32
⇒ x = 4 =–8 Since, L.C.M. of 5, 4 and 7 is 140, so multiply both
x+8 sides by 140, we get
Check : L.H.S. = 3
b 5 l × 140 + b 4 3 l × 140 = b 4x7 1 l × 140
2x – 3 x+ +
–8+8 0
= 3 = 3 =0
⇒28(2x – 3) + 35(x + 3) = 20(4x + 1)
x–6
R.H.S. = 2 + 7 ⇒ 56x – 84 + 35x + 105 = 80x + 20
–8–6
= 2 + 7 ⇒ 91x + 21 = 80x + 20

= 2 + b 7 l = 2 – 2 = 0
– 14 Transposing 21 to R.H.S. and 80x to L.H.S.
⇒ 91x – 80x = 20 – 21
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
⇒ 11x = – 1
x x–8 x–6
(q) 6 + 4 =1+ 3
⇒
–1
x = 11
x–6
Transposing 3 to L.H.S., we get 2x – 3 + x + 3
Check : L.H.S. = 5 4
x x–8 x–6
6 + 4 – 3 = 1 –1 –1
2 × 11 – 3 11 + 3
Since L.C.M. of 6, 4 and 3 is 12, so multiply both = 5 + 4
sides by 12, we get –2
– 3 32
x x–8 x–6
⇒ 6 × 12 + 4 × 12 – 3 × 12 = 1 × 12 = 11 5 + 44
– 35 32
⇒ 2x + 3(x – 8) – 4(x – 6) = 12 = 55 + 44
⇒ 2x + 3x – 24 – 4x + 24 = 12 –7 8
= 11 + 11
⇒ x = 12 –7+8 1
= 11 = 11
x x–8 4x + 1
Check : L.H.S. = 6 + 4 R.H.S. = 7
4 × b 11 l + 1
12 12 – 8 –1
= 6 + 4
= 2 + 1 = 3 = 7
x–6 4 +
R.H.S. = 1 + 3 – 1
= 117
12 – 6
= 1 + 3 =1+2=3 7 1
= 77 = 11
∴ R.H.S. = L.H.S. ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
3x – 5 –2 x–2
(r) 4x + 6 = 3 (t) x + 3 + 5 = 7 + 2x
By using cross multiplication method Multiply both sides by 5, we get
3(3x – 5) = – 2(4x + 6) ⇒ 5x + 15 + x – 2 = 35 + 10x
9x – 15 = – 8x – 12 ⇒ 6x + 13 = 35 + 10x
62 Math Made Easy-8
 Transposing 13 to R.H.S. and 10x to L.H.S., we get Check : L.H.S. = 5(2x + 1) –4(5x – 1)
= 5 b2 × 4 + 1l – 4 b5 × 4 – 1l
⇒ 6x – 10x = 35 – 13 –1 –1

= 5 b 2 + 1l – 4 b 4 – 1l
⇒ – 4x = 22 –1 –5
22 11
⇒ x = – 4 = – 2 1 –9
x–2 = 5 × 2 – 4 × 4
Check : L.H.S. = x + 3 + 5
5 5 + 18 23
– 11 = 2 +9 = 2 = 2
– 11 + + 2 – 2 R.H.S. = 2(x – 6) – 4(6x – 5) + 8x
= 2 3 5
= 2 b 4 – 6l – 4 b6 × 4 – 5l + 8 × b 4 l
–11 + 6 + – 11– 4 – 1 –1 –1
= 2 10
– 5 + b – 15 l
= 2 × 4 – 4 b 2 – 5l – 2
= 2 – 25 –3
10
= 2 – 4×b 2 l – 2
–5 3 – 25 – 13
= 2 – 2
–8 – 25
= 2 = 2 + 26 – 2
= – 4 – 25
= 2 + 24
R.H.S. = 7 + 2x
23
= 7 + 2 × b 2 l
– 11 = 2
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
= 7 – 11 = – 4
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  Instant Act (pg–113)
3x – 1 x – 1 2x – 31 1. Let the three consecutive odd numbers be x, x + 2 and x + 4,
(u) 10 – 4 = 3
then x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 39 (given)
Since L.C.M. of 10, 4 and 3 is 60, so multiply both
sides by 60, we get ⇒
3x + 6 = 39
⇒ 6(3x – 1) – 15(x – 1) = 20(2x – 31) ⇒
3x = 33
⇒ 18x – 6 – 15x + 15 = 40x – 620 ⇒
x = 11
⇒ 3x + 9 = 40x – 620 So, three numbers are 11, 13 and 15.
Transposing 9 to R.H.S. and 40x to L.H.S, 2. Let three consecutive integers be x, x +1 and x + 2, then
⇒ 3x – 40x = – 9 – 620 according to question
⇒ – 37x = – 629 ⇒
x × 2 + 3(x + 1) + 4(x + 2) = 74
– 629 ⇒
2x + 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 74
⇒ x = – 37 = 17
3x – 1 x – 1 ⇒
9x + 11 = 74
Check : L.H.S. = 10 – 4
3 × 17 – 1 17 – 1 ⇒
9x = 63
= 10 – 4
50 16 ⇒
x= 7
= 10 – 4 = 5 – 4 = 1
2x – 31 Hence, the numbers are 7, 8 and 9.
R.H.S. = 3 3. We have the ratio of the two numbers as 2 : 5
2 × 17 – 31
= 3 Let first number = 2x and second number be 5x.
34 – 31
= 3 Then according to question,
3
= 3 =1 ⇒
5x – 2x = 66
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  ⇒
3x = 66
(v) 5(2x + 1) – 4(5x – 1) = 2(x – 6) – 4(6x – 5) + 8x ⇒
x = 22
⇒ 10x + 5 – 20x + 4 = 2x – 12 – 24x + 20 + 8x Hence, first number = 44
⇒ – 10x + 9 = – 14x + 8 and second number = 110
Transposing 9 to R.H.S. and – 14x to R.H.S., we get 4. Let the present age of Shahil’s be 3x years and Sahil’s
⇒ – 10x + 14x = 8 – 9 mother be 3x years, then 5 years after, their ages will be :
⇒ 4x = – 1 Sahil = (x + 5) years
–1 Sahil’s mother = (3x + 5) years
⇒ x = 4

Math Made Easy-8 63

 Then, according to the question, Now, according to question,
⇒ (3x + 5) + (x + 5) = 66 [10(7 – x) + x] – [10x + (7 –x)] = 27
⇒
4x + 10 = 66 ⇒ [70 – 10x + x] – [10x + 7 – x] = 27
⇒
4x = 56 ⇒ (70 – 9x) – (9x + 7) = 27
⇒
x = 14 ⇒
70 – 9x – 9x – 7 = 27
Hence, Sahil’s age = 14 years ⇒
– 18x + 63 = 27
and Sahil’s mother age = 3 × 14 years = 42 years. ⇒
– 18x = – 36
5. Total persons = 200 ⇒ x= 2
.
Total money = ` 50000 . . The original number = 10x + (7 – x)
Let x persons have ` 500 as 1st prize, then (200 – x) = 10 × 2 + (7 – 2)
persons have ` 100 as 2nd prize. = 20 + 5
According to question, = 25
x(500) + (200 – x)100 = ` 50000 Hence, the original number is 25.
⇒500x + 20000 – 100x = 50000 9.Let the numerator be x, then its denominator be (x + 3).
⇒
400x = 30000 x
So, the rational number = x + 3
30000
⇒ x = 400 = 75 According to question,
Hence, 75 persons have ` 500 as 1st prize and 200 – 75 = x + 14 11
∴ x+3–3 = 4
125 persons have ` 100 as 2nd prize. x + 14 11
⇒ x = 4
6. Let the breadth of a rectangle be x, then the length of a
⇒
4(x + 14) = 11x
rectangle be (x + 2) cm.
⇒
4x + 56 = 11x
Then, perimeter of a rectangle = 28 cm.
⇒
11x – 4x = 56
According to the question,
⇒ 7x = 56
2(length + breadth) = 28
⇒
x=8
⇒
2(x + 2 + x) = 28
8 8
⇒
2x + 2 = 14 Hence, original number = 8 + 3 = 11

⇒
2x = 14 – 2 = 12 10. Let the number added to the numerator and denominator of
the given fraction be x, then according to question
⇒
x=6
5+ x 4
Hence, the breadth is 6 cm and length is 6 + 2 = 8 cm. ⇒ 2+ x = 3
⇒ 3(5 + x) = 4(2 + x)
7. Let the one number be x, then other number is 3x.
⇒
15 + 3x = 8 + 4x
According to question,
⇒
3x – 4x = 8 – 15
⇒
2(x + 15) = 3x + 15
⇒
–x = –7
⇒
2x + 30 = 3x + 15
⇒
x=7
⇒
3x – 2x = 30 – 15
Hence, the number to be added is 7.
⇒
x = 15
Hence, the numbers are 15 and 45. Mental Maths (pg–114)
8. Let two digit number be 10x + y, where y is the unit’s digit 1. True
and x is the ten’s digit, then 2. True
x+y=7 3. False, because 2x + 5 = 0

i.e., two digit’s number = 10x + (7 – x). 2x = – 5
So, unit’s digit = 7 – x and ten’s digit = x –5
x= 2
With the interchange of digits the resulting two digit num- 4. True
ber is 10(7 – x) + x
5. True
64 Math Made Easy-8
MCQs (pg–114) Transposing 12 to R.H.S. and 4x to L.H.S., we get
... ⇒ 9x – 4x = 27 – 12
1. x+1=0
x=–1 ⇒ 5x = 15
Here, – 1 is a solution of the given equation, 15
⇒ x= 5 =3
... x–1=2 Check : L.H.S. = 3x + 4
x=2+1=3 = 3 × 3 + 4
Here, – 1 is not a solution of the given equation. = 13
... 2y + 3 = 1 4
R.H.S. = 3 x + 9
2y = 1 – 3 = – 2
4
–2 = 3 ×3+ 9
y= 2 =–1
= 4 + 9 = 13
Here, – 1 is a solution of the given equation.
... ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
2t + 7 + t = t + 5
(b) 4x – 5(2x – 3) = 1 – 2x
3t + 7 = t + 5
⇒ 4x – 10x + 15 = 1 – 2x
Transposing t to L.H.S. and 7 to R.H.S., we get
3t – t = 5 – 7 ⇒ – 6x + 15 = 1 – 2x
2t = – 2 Transposing 15 to R.H.S. and – 2x to L.H.S., we get
t=–1 ⇒ – 6x + 2x = 1 – 15
Here, – 1 is a solution of the given equation, ⇒ – 4x = – 14
– 14 7
Hence, option (b) is correct. ⇒ x= –4 = 2
2. We have ax = b Check : L.H.S. = 4x – 5(2x – 3)
= 4 × 2 – 5 b2 × 2 – 3l
b 7 7
Then x = a (Rational number)
Hence, option (c) is correct. = 14 – 5(4)
1
3. 2x + 3 = 0 = 14 – 20 = – 6
–1 R.H.s. = 1 – 2x
2x = 3
–1 7
x = 3× 2 = 1 – 2 × 2
–1 = 1 – 7 = – 6
x= 6
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S 
Hence, option (c) is correct.
8
4. Given, 15x = 5 (c) 3x = 5x – 5
5 1 Transposing 5x to L.H.S., we get
x = 15 = 3
–8
Hence, option (a) is correct. ⇒ 3x – 5x = 5
5. Total sum = 35 –8
⇒ – 2x = 5
One part = x –8 4
⇒ x = – 5× 2 = 5
Then other part = 35 – x
Hence, option (b) is correct. Check : L.H.S. = 3x
6. Total sum of three numbers = 80 4 12
= 3× 5 = 5
First part = 22 8
R.H.S. = 5x – 5
Second part = x
4 8
Then, the third part = 80 – (22 + x) = 5× 5 – 5
20 8 12
Hence, option (b) is correct. = 5 –5 = 5
Crack the code (Page no. 115) ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
4 7 3
1. (a) 3x + 4 = 3 x + 9 (d) 5x + 2 = 2 x – 14
Multiply both sides by 3, we get Multiply both sides by 2, we get
9x + 12 = 4x + 27 10x + 7 = 3x – 28

Math Made Easy-8 65

 Transposing 7 to R.H.S. and 3x to L.H.S., we get 5.4
= 8 + 0.8
⇒ 10x – 3x = – 7 – 28
5.4 + 6.4
= 8
⇒ 7x = – 35
– 35 11.8 5.9
⇒ x= 7 =–5 = 8 = 4
7 R.H.S. = 0.28x + 1.16
Check : L.H.S. = 5x + 2
9
7 = 0.28 × 8 + 1.16
= 5 × (– 5) + 2
2.52
7 = 8 + 1.16
= – 25 + 2
2.52 + 9.28
– 43 = 8
= 2
11.8
3 = 8
R.H.S. = 2 x – 14
5.9
3 = 4
= 2 × (– 5) – 14
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
– 15 – 43
= 2 – 14 = 2 6x + 1 + x+3
(g) 3 1= 6
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Multiply both sides by 6, we get
21
(e) 8x + 4 = 3x + 7 ⇒ 2(6x + 1) + 6 = x + 3
Multiply both sides by 4, we get ⇒ 12x + 2 + 6 = x + 3
32x + 21 = 12x + 28 ⇒ 12x + 8 = x + 3
Transposing 21 to R.H.S. and 12x to L.H.S., we get Transposing x to L.H.S. and 8 to R.H.S., we get
⇒ 32x – 12x = 28 – 21 ⇒ 12x – x = 3 – 8
⇒ 20x = 7 ⇒ 11x = – 5
7 –5
⇒ x = 20 ⇒ x = 11
21 6x + 1 +
L.H.S. = 8x + 4
Check : Check : L.H.S. = 1
3
7 21
6 × b 11 l + 1
= 8 × 20 + 4 –5
56 21 = 3 +1
= 20 + 4
56 + 105 – 30 +
1
= 20 = 113 +1
161 – 19
= 20 = 33 + 1
R.H.S. = 3x + 7 – 19 + 33
= 33
7
= 3 × 20 + 7 14
= 33
21
= 20 + 7 x+3
R.H.S. = 6
21 + 140
= 20 –5 +
3

161
= 20 = 11 6

∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.  28
= 66
(f) 0.6x + 0.8 = 0.28x + 1.16 14
= 33
Transposing 0.8 to R.H.S. and 0.28x to L.H.S., we get ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
⇒ 0.6x – 0.28x = 1.16 – 0.8 2x – 3 2x – 1
(h) 4 – 3 =1
⇒ 0.32x = 0.36
Multiply both sides by 12, we get
0.36 9
⇒ x = 0.32 = 8
3(2x – 3) – 4(2x – 1) = 12
Check : L.H.S. = 0.6x + 0.8 ⇒ 6x – 9 – 8x + 4 = 12
9
= 0.6 × 8 + 0.8 ⇒ – 2x – 5 = 12

66 Math Made Easy-8

 ⇒ – 2x = 12 + 5 = 17 7x
R.H.S. = 12 – 2
– 17
⇒ x= 2 7 × 62
= 12 – 2 × 27
2x – 3 2x – 1
Check : L.H.S. = 4 – 3 217
= 12 – 27
– 17 – 17 324 – 217
2× 2 – 3 2× 2 –1 =
= 4 – 3 27
107
– 20 b – 18 l = 27
= 4 – 3
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
= –5 + 6 = 1 = R.H.S.
x –1 x–2
3t – 2 2t – 3 7 (k) x – 2 = 1– 3
(i) 3 + 3 = t+6
Multiply both sides by 6, we get
Multiply both sides by 6, we get
⇒ 6x – 3(x – 1) = 6 – 2(x – 2)
⇒ 2(3t – 2) + 2(2t – 3) = 6t + 7
⇒ 6x – 3x + 3 = 6 – 2x + 4
⇒ 6t – 4 + 4t – 6 = 6t + 7
⇒ 3x + 3 = 10 – 2x
⇒ 10t – 10 = 6t + 7
Transposing – 2x to L.H.S. and 3 to R.H.S., we get
Transposing 6t to L.H.S. and – 10 to R.H.S., we get
⇒ 3x + 2x = 10 – 3
⇒ 10t – 6t = 7 + 10
⇒ 5x = 7
⇒ 4t = 17 7
17 ⇒ x= 5
⇒ t= 4
x –1
Check : L.H.S. = x –
3t – 2 + 2t – 3 2
Check : L.H.S. = 3 3 7
7 –1
17 17
3× 4 – 2 2 × 4 – 3 = 5 – 52
= 3 + 3 7 2
= 5 – 10
51 17
–2 –3 7 1
= 43 + 23 = 5 –5
43 11 6
= 12 + 6 = 5
43 + 22 x–2
= R.H.S. = 1 – 3
12
65 7
–2
= 12 = 1– 5 3
17 7 51 + 14 65
RHS = 4 + 6 = 12 = 12 –3
= 1 – 15
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 3
= 1 + 15
16 7x
(j) x + 7 – 3 = 12 – 2 18
= 15
Multiply both sides by 6, we get
6
⇒ 6x + 42 – 32 = 72 – 21x = 5
⇒ 6x + 10 = 72 – 21x ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 
Transposing – 21x to L.H.S. and 10 to R.H.S., we get 3x + 4 x – 2 5x + 2
(l) 5 = 6 + 4
⇒ 6x + 21x = 72 – 10 Multiply both sides by 60, we get
⇒ 27x = 62 ⇒ 12(3x + 4) = 10(x – 2) + 15(5x + 2)
62 ⇒ 36x + 48 = 10x – 20 + 75x + 30
⇒ x = 27
16 ⇒ 36x + 48 = 85x + 10
L.H.S. = x + 7 – 3
Check :
62 16 Transposing 85x to L.H.S. and 48 to R.H.S., we get
= 27 + 7 – 3
⇒ 36x – 85x = 10 – 48
62 + 189 – 144
= 27 ⇒ – 49x = –38
107 38
= 27 ⇒ x = 49

Math Made Easy-8 67

 3x + 4 14
Check :5 L.H.S. = 2 + 81
= 8
38 2 – 81
3 × 49 + 4
= 5 176
310 81
= 154
= 245
62 81
= 49 176
= 154
x – 2 5x + 2
R.H.S. = 6 + 4 8
= 7 = R.H.S.
38 38
– 2 5 × 49 + 2 3z + 5 5
= 496 + 4 (o) 3 – 2z = 3
– 60 288 ⇒ 9z + 15 = 15 – 10z
= 49 × 6 + 49 × 4
– 10 72  [By using cross multiplication]
= 49 + 49
Transposing – 10z to L.H.S. and 15 to R.H.S., we get
62
= 49 ⇒ 9z + 10z = 15 – 15
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. ⇒ 19z = 0
2x + 4 –2 ⇒ z=0
(m) 3x + 2 = 3
By using cross multiplication method, 3z + 5
Check : L.H.S. = 3 – 2z
⇒ 3(2x + 4) = –2(3x + 2) 3× 0 + 5
= 3 – 2×0
⇒ 6x + 12 = – 6x – 4
5
Transposing –12 to R.H.S. and –6x to L.H.S., we get = 3 = R.H.S.
2y + 1 5
⇒ 6x + 6x = – 4 – 12 (p) 3y – 2 = 9
⇒ 12x = –16 ⇒ 18y + 9 = 15y – 10
– 16 –4  [By using cross multiplication]
⇒ x = 12 = 3
2x + 4 Transposing 15y to L.H.S. and 9 to R.H.S., we get
Check : L.H.S. = 3x + 2
⇒ 18y – 15y = – 10 – 9
–4
2× 3 + 4
= ⇒ 3y = – 19
–4
3× 3 + 2 – 19
⇒ y= 3
–8 +
4 2y + 1
= –34 + 2 Check : L.H.S. = 3y – 2
4 – 19
= – 2×3 2× 3 +1
2 = – 19
= – 3 = R.H.S. 3× 3 – 2
2 – 7x –8 – 38 +
1
(n) 2 + 4x = – 7 = – 319 – 2
2 – 7x 8
2 + 4x = 7 – 35
= – 21 × 3
By using cross multiplication method, we get
5
16 + 32x = 14 – 49x = 9 = R.H.S.
8p – 5 5
Transposing – 49x to L.H.S. and 16 to R.H.S., we get (q) 7p + 1 = – 4
⇒ 32x + 49x = 14 – 16 By using cross multiplication,
⇒ 81x = – 2 32p – 20 = – 35p – 5
–2 Transposing – 35p to L.H.S. and – 20 to R.H.S., we
⇒ x = 81
2 – 7x get,
Check : L.H.S. = 2 + 4x
⇒ 32p + 35p = 20 – 5
2 – 7 × b 81 l
–2 ⇒ 67p = 15
= 15
2 + 4 × b 81 l
–2 ⇒ p = 67

68 Math Made Easy-8

 8p – 5 Transposing 2x to L.H.S. and 28 to R.H.S., we get
Check : L.H.S. = 7p + 1
⇒ 3x – 2x = – 28 – 20
15 ⇒ x = – 48
8 × 67 – 5
= 15 3
7 × 67 + 1 x+7
Check : L.H.S. = 24
120
67 – 5 5x–4
= 105 3
× (– 48) + 7
67 + 1 = 24
– 215 5 × (– 48) – 4
= 172 67
– 36 + 7
= 96
67 – 5 –4
– 215
= 172 – 29 × 5
= – 116
– 43 × 5
= 43 × 2 × 2 5
= 4 = R.H.S.
–5
= 4 = R.H.S. y 3
4 – 5 3
3 (t) = – 20
2x – 4 1 4
(r) 4 = 4 3 – 7y
9x + 7 By using cross multiplication, we get
By using cross multiplication, y 3 4
4 3 4 × 20 – 5 × 20 = 3 × (– 3) – 7 y × (– 3)
⇒ 9x + 7 = 8x – 4 × 4
⇒ 5y – 12 = – 4 + 21y
4
⇒ 9x + 7 = 8x – 3 Transposing 21y to L.H.S. and – 12 to R.H.S., we get
Multiply both sides by 7, we get ⇒ 5y – 21y = – 4 + 12
⇒ 63x + 4 = 56x – 21 ⇒ – 16y = 8
Transposing 56x to L.H.S. and 4 to R.H.S., we get 8 1
⇒ y = – 16 = – 2
⇒ 63x – 56x = – 21 – 4 y 3
–
⇒ 7x = – 25 Check : L.H.S. = 4 5 4

– 25 3 – 7y
⇒ x= 7 1 b– 1l 3
3 4× 2 –5
2x – 4 =
Check : L.H.S. = 4 b– 1l
4
9x + 7 3 – 7× 2
1 3
–8 – 5
– 25 3 = 4 7
2× 7 – 4
= – 25 4 3 +2
9× 7 + 7 – 5 – 24
– 50 3 = 8 +4021
7 – 4
= – 225 4 6
7 +7 – 29 6
= 40 × 29
– 200 – 21
28 –3
= – 225 = 20 = R.H.S.
+4
7 ]x + 1g – ]2x + 4g 1
(u) 3 – 5x = 23
– 221 7
= 28 × – 221 x + 1 – 2x – 4 1
⇒ 3 – 5x = 23
1
= 4 = R.H.S. –x–3 1
⇒ 3 – 5x = 23
3
(s) 4x+7 = 5 By using cross multiplication method,
2 4
5x–4 – 23x – 69 = 3 – 5x
By cross multiplication method, we get Transposing – 69 to R.H.S. and – 5x to L.H.S., we get
4b 4 x + 7 l = 5b 5 x – 4 l
3 2 ⇒ – 23x + 5x = 3 + 69
⇒
⇒ 3x + 28 = 2x – 20 ⇒ – 18x = 72

Math Made Easy-8 69

 – 72 ⇒
3x – y = 10  ...(i)
x = 18
10 years later, both ages will be :
= – 4
]x + 1g – ]2x + 4g
Age of Lucky = x + 10
Check : L.H.S. = 3 – 5x Age of Lovely = y + 10
]– 4 + 1g – ]2 × – 4 + 4g ∴
2(x + 10) = y + 10
= 3 – 5× – 4
– 3+ 4 ⇒
2x + 20 = y + 10
= 3 + 20
⇒
2x – y = – 10  ...(ii)
1
= 23 = R.H.S. Subtracting eq (ii) from eq (i), we get
2. Let the unit’s place digit be x, then ten’s place digit be 3x – y = 10
12 – x.
2x – y = – 10
... Number = 10 × (12 – x) + x
(–) (+) (+)
= 120 – 10x + x x = 20
= 120 – 9x Putting the value of x in eq (i),
With the interchange of digits the resulting two digit 3 × 20 – y = 10
number is 10x + (12 – x) = 10x + 12 – x = 9x + 12
60 – y = 10
According to question,
– y = 10 – 60 = – 50
(120 – 9x) – (9x + 12) = 36
y = 50
⇒ 120 – 9x – 9x – 12 = 36
Hence, Lucky’s present age is 20 years and Lovely’s
⇒
108 – 18x = 36 present age is 50 years.
Transposing 108 to R.H.S., we get 4. Let John’s present age be x years and Anthony’s present
⇒
– 18x = 36 – 108 = – 72 age be 2x years.
⇒
x=4 12 years later,
So, the unit’s digit is 4 and ten’s digit is 12 – 4 = 8 John’s perecntage = (x + 12) years

Hence, the number is 84. Anthony’s present age = (2x + 12) years
Then according to question,
3. Let Lovely’s age five years ago be x years.
⇒ x + 12 + 3x + 12 = 6 × x

Then, Lucky’s age five years ago = 3x years
⇒
4x + 24 = 6x
10 years later,
⇒
6x – 4x = 24
⇒
Lovely’s age = x + 5 + 10 = (x + 15) years
⇒
2x = 24
Lucky’s age = 3x + 5 + 10 = (3x + 15) years
⇒
x = 12
Then, (3x + 15) = 2(x + 15)
Hence, John’s age is 12 years and Anthony’s age is 2 × 12
⇒
3x + 15 = 2x + 30 = 24 years.
⇒ 3x – 2x = 30 – 15 5. Let the unit’s place digit be x, then the ten’s place digit be
⇒ x = 15 4x.
Hence, lovely’s present age is 20 years and Lucky’s pre- ... Number = 10 × 4x + x
sent age = 3 × 15 + 5 = 50 years. = 40x + x = 41x
Or With the reversing the digits, the resulting two digit
Let Lucky’s and Lovely’s present age be x and y years, number = 10 × x + 4x
respectively. = 10x + 4x = 14x
Then five years ago : If we add these two digits numbers, then their sum = 55
Age of Lucky = x – 5 i.e., 41x + 14x = 55
Age of Lovely = y – 5 55x = 55
∴
3(x – 5) = (y – 5) x=1
⇒
3x – 15 = y – 5 So, the unit is digit is 1 and ten’s digit is 4 × 1 = 4
⇒
3x – y = 15 – 5 Hence, the number is 41

70 Math Made Easy-8

6. Let the denominator be x, then numerator be x – 3. 10 10 – 21
7 –3 7
According to question, Hence, the original fraction = 10 = 10
3 ]x – 3g 1 7 7
⇒ x + 20 = 8 – 11
3x – 9 1 7
⇒ x + 20 = 8 = 10
⇒ 8(3x – 9) = x + 20 7
11
⇒
24x – 72 = x + 20 = – 10
⇒
24x – x = 72 + 20 HOTS : (Page no. - 116)
⇒
23x = 92 1
92 Total weight of three boxes = 60 2 kg
⇒ x = 23 = 4
121
= 2 kg
4 4
Then the original number = 4 – 3 = 1 = 4 .
Let the weight of box A be x kg,
7. Let the smaller number be x, then the larger number is
x + 40. 1
Then the weight of box B = 3 2 kg + x kg
Smaller number 6
= b 2 + xl kg
Now, Larger number = 11 7
x 6
⇒
and the weight of box C = 5 3 kg + b 2 + xl kg
x + 40 = 11 1 7
⇒ 11x = 6x + 240
= b 3 + 2 + xl kg
⇒
11x – 6x = 240 16 7
⇒
So, x + b 2 + xl + b 3 + 2 + xl = 2
5x = 240 7 16 7 121
240
⇒ x = 5 = 48
7 16 7 121
Hence, the numbers are 48 and 40 + 48 = 88 ⇒ 3x + 2 + 3 + 2 = 2
16 121
8. Let the denominator be x, then the numerator be x – 3. ⇒ 3x + 7 + 3 = 2
x–3
So, the original fraction = x 37 121
⇒ 3x + 3 = 2
Now, according to question
121 37
x – 3+ 2 1 ⇒ 3x = 2 – 3
⇒ x+2 = 8
x –1 363 – 74
⇒
1 ⇒ 3x =
x+2 = 8 6
⇒ 8x – 8 = x + 2 ⇒
289
3x = 6
⇒
8x – x = 8 + 2
289 1
x = 18 = 16 18 kg
⇒
7x = 10
10 1
⇒
x= 7 Hence, the weight of box A is 16 18 kg.
 qq

Math Made Easy-8 71

 Chapter-9 : Application of Percentages
Check What You Know (pg–118) 6 × 200
⇒ x = 75
A 1.
12 m to 12 km
⇒ x = 16
12 m 1
= 12 × 1000 m = 1000 = 1 : 1000 2. The total number of days the school was open = 215
2. 85p to ` 17 No. of days, Ramesh did not attend the school for illness
85 p 1 = 20% of 215
= 17 × 100 p = 20 = 1 : 20
20
= 100 × 215
3. 7.5 l to 50 ml
= 43
7.5 l 7.5 × 1000 ml
= 50 ml = = 150 : 1
50 ml 3. Let the amount of total money be ` x, then
4. 20 km/hr to 65 km/hr 1
Lost money = 33 3 % of x
20 km/hr 4
= 65 km/hr = 13 = 4 : 13
100
= 300 × x
3
B 1. 3 : 5 = 5 × 100% = 60% x
= 3
7
2. 7 : 8 = 8 × 100% = 87.5% x 2x
Left amount = x – 3 = 3
C ... 23% of x = 46
23 But we have,
⇒ 100 × x = 46
2x
100 ⇒ 3 = 18600
⇒ x = 46 × 23
⇒ 18600 × 3
x = 200 ⇒ x = 2
Hence, the value of x is 200. ⇒ x = 27,900
Instant Act (pg–120) Hence, the original money is ` 27,900
1. (a) 25% of x = 8 4. Let the total number of students in the class be x, then the
25 number of boys in the class = 12% of x.
⇒ 100 × x = 8 12
8 × 100 i.e., 100 × x = 36
⇒ x = 25 36 × 100
x = 12
⇒ x = 32
(b) 20% of x = 9 x = 300
20 Hence, total number of students is 300.
⇒ 100 × x = 9
9 × 100 5. Mr. Rakesh’s income = `5000
⇒ x = 20 Spending on rent = 10% of `5,000
⇒ x = 45
Spending on other things = 64% of `5,000
(c) 10% of x = 15
Percentage of saving = 100% – (10 + 64)%
10
⇒ 100 × x = 15 = (100 – 74)%
15 × 100 = 26%
⇒ x = 10
... Saving money = 26% of ` 5000
⇒ x = 150
26
75 = 100 × ` 5000
(d) 2 % of x = 6
= ` 1300
75
⇒ 200 × x = 6 Hence, money saved every month is ` 1,300.

72 Math Made Easy-8

6. Number of hours spend in school 100
= 96 × 36000
= 25% of 24
25 = ` 37500
= 100 × 24
S. P. = ` 11600, Gain = 8%
(b)
C. P. = c 100 + gain% m × S. P.
= 6 hours 100
...
Number of hours spend in work and play = 25% of 24
= b100 + 8 l × 11600
= 6 hours 100

75
Number of hours spend in sleeping = 2 % of 24 100
= 108 × 11600
75
= 200 × 24 = 9 hours = ` 10740.74
25 4. C. P. of a computer = ` 25650
Number of hours spend in other activity = 2 % of 24
25 Overhead expenses = ` 1350
= 200 × 24
Total C. P. = ` (25650 + 1350)
= 3 hours = ` 27000
Instant Act (pg–123) S. P. of a computer = ` 28700
1.
(a) C. P. = ` 850, S. P. = ` 935 Here, S. P. > C. P.
... S. P. > C. P. ... Profit = S. P. – C. P.
... Profit = S. P. – C. P. = ` (28700 – 27000)
= ` (935 – 850) = ` 1700
Profit % = b C. P. ×100l %
= ` 85 Profit
Profit 85
... Profit % = C.P. × 100 = 850 × 100 = 10% 1700
= 27000 × 100
(b) C. P. = ` 3500, S. P. = ` 3080
. . 8
. S. P. < C. P. = 6 27 %
... Loss = C. P. – S. P. 5. C. P. of 1 kg apples = ` 50
= ` (3500 – 3080) .
. . C. P. of 80 kg apples = ` 50 × 80
= ` 420 = ` 4000
. Loss 420 ... 70 × 80
. . Loss % = C.P. × 100 = 3500 × 100 = 12% 70% of 80 kg = 100 kg = 56 kg
2. (a) C. P. = ` 1650, gain % = 4% ... S. P. of 1 kg = ` 60
.
S. P. = b100
+ 4l .. S. P. of 56 kg = ` 60 × 56 = ` 3360
... 100 × 1650
Remaining apples = (80 – 56) kg = 24 kg
;Using formula S.P. = c m × C. P.E
100 + gain% ...
S. P. of 1 kg apples = ` 35
100
104 × 1650 ... S. P. of 24 kg apples = ` 35 × 24
= 100 = ` 840
= ` 1716 Then, total S. P. of 80 kg apples = ` (3360 + 840)
(b) C. P. = ` 875, loss % = 12% = ` 4200
Since, S. P. > C. P.
S. P. = b
100 – loss% l Then, Profit = S. P. – C. P.
... 100 × C. P.
= ` (4200 – 4000) – ` 200
= b 100 l × 875
Profit

100 – 12 ... Profit % = C. P. ×100
200
88 × 875 = 4000 × 100 = 5%
= 100
6. C. P. of 100 bananas = ` 250
= ` 770 250
... C. P. of 1 banana = ` 100 = ` 2.50
3. (a) S. P. = ` 36000, Loss % = 4% ... S. P. of 12 bananas = ` 36
C. P. = b100 – loss% l × S. P.
100
... . 36
. . S. P. of 1 banana = ` 12 = ` 3
= b100 – 4 l × 36000
100 Since, S. P. > C. P.

Math Made Easy-8 73

 Then, Gain = S. P. – C. P. 1098 × 100
= ` (3 – 2.50) = ` 0.50 = 100 – 8.5
Gain 109800
... Gain % = C. P. × 100 = 91.5 = ` 1200

= 2.50 × 100 = 20%

0.50 3. M. P. of an article = ` 1350
S. P. of an article = ` 1080
7. S. P. = ` 7200
Loss % = 10% Discount = M. P. – S. P.
100 = ` (1350 – 1080)
Then, C. P. = 100 – loss% × S. P.
= ` 270
100 × 7200
Discount = b1350 × 100l %
270
= 100 – 10 ...
100 × 7200
= 90 = 20%

M. P. = ` b800 + 100 × 800l

C. P. = ` 8000 20
4.
Gain % = 5%
= ` 960
S. P. = c m × C. P.
100 + gain%
Then,
100 Discount = 10% of 960
= b100
+ 5l 10
100 × 8000 = 100 × 960
= b100 l × 8000
105
= ` 96
= ` 8400 S. P. = ` (960 – 96) = ` 864
8. S. P. of first watch = ` 2970 Profit = S. P. – C. P.
Gain % on first watch = 10% = ` (864 – 800) = ` 64
64
100 × S. P.
Then, C.P. of first watch = 100 + gain% Profit percent = 800 × 100% = 8%

100 × 2970 5. M. P. = ` 11500

= 100 + 10
S. P. = ` 10350
100 × 2970
= 110 (a) Discount = M. P. – S. P.
= ` 2700 = ` (11500 – 10350)
For second watch, = ` 1150
(b) Discount percent = b11500 × 100l %
S. P. of other watch = ` 2970 1150
Loss % = 10%
100 × S. P. = 10 %
Then C. P. of other watch = 100 – loss%
100 × 2970 Instant Act (pg–126)
= 100 – 10
1. List price of a coffee maker = ` 9700
297000
= 90 VAT = 6% of 9700
= ` 3300 6
= 100 × 9700
Total S. P. = ` (2970 + 2970)
= ` 5940 = ` 582
Total C. P. = ` (2700 + 3300) ... Amount paid by a customer = ` (9700 + 582)
= ` 6000
= ` 10,282
Instant Act (pg–124)
1. M. P. = ` 550 2. Amount paid a table lamp = ` 5040
Discount = 12% VAT = 5%
Discount % × M. P.
S. P. = M. P. – 100 Let the cost of table lamp before VAT be ` x, then
12 × 550 ⇒ x + 5% of x = ` 5040
= 550 – 100
5
⇒ x + 100 × x = 5040
= ` (550 – 66)
21x
= ` 484 ⇒ 20 = 5040
2. S. P. = ` 1098, discount = 8.5 % 5040 × 20
⇒ x= 21
S. P. ×100
M. P. = 100 – Discount %
⇒
x = ` 4800

74 Math Made Easy-8

3. M. P. of a computer = ` 35,500 3 a
2. 5 = 100
20
Discount = ` 100 × 35500 5a = 300
= ` 7,100
300
a = 5 = 60
...
S. P. = ` (35500 – 7100) 3 b
and 5 = 100
= ` 28,400
12.5 Similarly, b = 60
VAT charges = ` 100 × 28400
= ` 3,550 Hence, a = b = 60
... Amount paid by a customer = ` (28,400 + 3,550) 3. 12% = 100
a
= ` 31,950 12 a
5 or 100 = 100
4. Amount paid for a pair of shoes = 800 × 2 + 100 × 1600
a = 12
= 1600 + 80 = ` 1680
Amount paid for a pair of trousers 12 b
= ` b2 × 1200 + 100 × 2400l
7 and 100 = c
b 3
= ` (2400 + 168) or c = 25
= ` 2568 a
4. 5 % = 100
Amount paid for tea set = ` b3 × 650 + 100 × 1950l
4
5 a
or 100 = 100
= ` (1950 + 78)
a=5
= ` 2028
5 b
Amount paid for water bottle = ` b300 + 100 × 300l
4 and 100 = c
b 1
= ` (300 + 12) or c = 20
= ` 312 MCQs (pg–127)
Total bill paid = ` (1680 + 2568 + 2028 + 312)
1. 90 % of x = 216
= ` 6588
90
Mental Maths (pg–127) 100 × x = 216
25 216 × 100
A. 1. 25% = 100 x= 90
5 x = 240
2. 5% = 100
Hence, option (d) is correct.
2
3. 2% = 100 2. C. P. = ` 1400
99 S. P. = ` 1050
4. 99% = 100
Loss = C. P. – S. P.
50 = ` (1400 – 1050)
B 1. 100 = 50%
60 = ` 350
2. 100 = 62 % 350
Loss % = 1400 × 100%
6
3. 100 = 6% = 25%
32 Hence, option (b) is correct.
4. 100 = 32%
1 a 3. S. P. = ` 315
C 1. 10 = 100 Loss% = 10%
⇒ 10a = 100
C. P. = b100 – loss% l × S. P.
100
100
⇒ a = 10 = 10
= b100 – 10 l × 315
1 b 100
and 10 = 100
100 × 315
Similarly, b = 10 = ` 90 = ` 350
Hence, a = b = 10 Hence, option (c) is correct.

Math Made Easy-8 75

4. P = ` 4000, S. I. = ` 1200, R = 12% 10
Population after 2 years = 1,32,000 + 100 × 1, 32, 000
100 × S. I.
Then, P×R time = = 1,32,000 + 13200
100 × 1200 = 1,45,200
= 4000 × 12
Hence, population after 2 years is 1, 45,200.
1
= 2 2 years 4. Let the original price of sugar be P and original quantity
consumed be Q, then expenditure, E = P × Q
Hence, option (b) is correct.
After increasing in price,
5. M. P. = ` 480 20
New price P = P + 100 × P
Discount % = 2.5 %
0.5 = 1.2 P
2.5 24
S. P. = M.P. – Y Then percentage reduction,
Y × 480
100
Y
2 Q – Q'
= ` (480 – 0.5 × 24) = Q ×100
= ` (480 – 12) Here, Q'is a quantity, the house wife needs to adjust.
= ` 468 Since, the expenditure remains constant.
Hence, option (a) is correct. P × Q = P' × Q'
Crack the code (Page no. 127) P × Q = 1.2P × Q'
P×Q Q
1.
(a) Let a number be x, then or Q' = 1.2 P = 1.2
10
⇒ x + 100 x = 77 Then percentage reduction
110x Q
⇒ Q – 1.2
100 = 77 = ×100
Q
7700
⇒ x = 110 = 70 0.2 Q
= 1.2 Q ×100
Hence, the number is 70.
50
= 3 = 16.67 %
(b) Let a number be x, then
8 Hence, percentage reduction in consumption is 16.67%.
⇒ x – 100 × x = 115
5. C. P. of a car = ` 85,000
92x
⇒ 100 = 115 Spending on its repairs = ` 5000
... Total C. P. of a car = ` (85000 + 5000)
11500
⇒ x = 92 = 125 = ` 90000
S. P. of a car = ` 82,800
Hence, the number is 125. ... Loss = C. P. – S. P.
2. Let Arnav’s income be A and Aditya’s income be B, then = ` (90,000 – 82,800)
= ` 7200
20
Loss% = b 90000 × 100l %
B = A – 100 × A 7200

B = A – 0.20 A
= 8 %
B = 0.80 A
Hence, loss incurred is 8%.
0.20 A
Increase in percentage = 0.80 A ×100 6. C. P. of a mobile phone = ` 24,000
20 1
= 80 × 100 Loss on a mobile phone = ` 8 × 24000
= ` 3000
= 25%
Loss
Hence, Arnav’s income is 25% more than Aditya’s income. Loss % = C. P. × 100%
3. Present Population = 1,20,000 3000
= 24000 × 100%
10
Population after 1 year = 1,20,000 + 100 × 1, 20, 000 100
= 8 %
= 1,20,000 + 12000 25 1
= 2 % = 12 2 %
= 1,32,000
76 Math Made Easy-8
7. S. P. of a toy = ` 144 10. P = ` 400, A = ` 448, R = 4% p.a.
Loss % = 10% ... S. I. = A – P
100 × S. P. = ` (448 – 400) = ` 48
Then C. P. of a toy = 100 – loss%
100 × S. I.
100 × 144 ... Time = R × P
= ` 90 = ` 160
100 × 48
and gain % = 20% = 4 × 400 = 3 years

S. P. of a toy = c m × C. P.
100 + gain%
... 11. T = 3 years, R = 16%,
100
S. I. = ` 720
= ` b10010020 l × 160
+
100 × S. I.
... P = R×T
120 × 160
= ` 100 = ` 192 100 × 720
= 16 × 3 = ` 1500
8. C.P. of 20 chairs = ` 3200
12. T = 8 years
Overhead Expenses = ` 400
Let Principal be ` x, than amount is ` 2x.
Total C. P. of 20 chairs = ` (3200 + 400)
... S. I. = A – P
= ` 3600
= ` (2x – x) = ` x
S. P. of 15 chairs = ` 220 × 15
100 × S. I.
= ` 3300 R= P×T
gain % = 25% 100 × x
= x × 8
. 100 + 25
. . S. P. of 20 chairs = ` 100 × 3600 100
= 8
125 × 3600
= ` 100 25 1
= 2 = 12 2 %
= `4,500
13. Let P = ` x, then amount = ` 6500
So, S.P. of 5 chairs = ` (4500 – 3300)
... S. I. = A – P
= ` 1,200
1200 = ` (6500 – x)
S. P. of 1 chair = ` 5 = ` 240
R = 10% p.a., T = 3 years
15 P×R×T
9. (a) P = ` 2400, T = 15 months = 12 years ... S. I. = 100
1 11 x × 10 × 3
R= 52% = 2 % ⇒
6500 – x = 100
P×R×T ⇒
65000 – 10x = 3x
S. I. = 100
2400 × 11 × 15 ⇒
13x = 65000
= 2 × 100 × 12
⇒
x = 5000
= ` 165 i.e., principal = ` 5000
Amount = P + S. I. Time = 2 years
= ` (2400 + 165) R = 8% p.a.
= ` 2565 Then, S. I. =
P×R×T
100
(b) P = ` 7200,
5000 × 2 × 8
1 7 = 100
T = 3 2 years = 2 years
1 21 = ` 800
R = 10 2 % p.a. = 2 % p.a.
Amount = P + S.I.
P×R×T = ` (5000 + 800)
S. I. = 100
7200 × 21 × 7 = ` 5800
= 2 × 100 × 2
14. P = ` 640, A = ` 784
= ` 2646 ... S. I. = A – P
... Amount = P + S.I.
= ` (784 – 640) = ` 144
= ` (7200 + 2646)
1 5
= ` 9846 Time = 2 2 years = 2 years

Math Made Easy-8 77

 100 × S. I.
Second discount = 5% of 4050
So, P×T R=
5
100 × 144 × 2 = 100 × 4050
= 640 × 5 = 9%
= ` 202.50
P = ` 900, T = 4 years
Price after second discount = ` (4050 – 202.50)
900 × 4 × 9
S. I. = 100 = ` 324 = ` 3847.50
Amount = P + S. I. 18. Let marked price be ` 100
= ` (900 + 324) = ` 1224
First Condition,
15. C. P. of an article = ` 500 Discount = 14% of ` 100
Let M. P. be ` x, then 14
= 100 × 100 = ` 14
20 × x
550 = x – 100
Selling Price = ` (100 – 14) = 86
4x
⇒ 5 = 550 Second Condition,
550 × 5 First discount = 12% of ` 100

⇒ x= 4 = 687.50
12
= 100 × 100 = ` 12
i.e. Marked Price is ` 687.50.
Profit = 10% Selling price after first discount = ` (100 – 12) = ` 88
. 10 × 500 2
. . S. P. of an article = 500 + 100 Second discount = ` 100 × 88
= 500 + 50 = ` 1.76
= ` 550 Selling price after second discount = ` (88 – 1.76)
16. C. P. of a coir = ` 1440 = ` 86.24
P = 15%
Hence, the second deal is better for the customer.
Then S. P. of a coir = C. P. + Profit
HOTS (Page no. 128)
= ` b1440 + 100 l
15 × 1440
Total weight of a thing = 48 kg
= ` 1656
Weight of first bag = 20 kg
Let M.P. be ` x, then
Price of 20 kg thing = ` 80 × 20
Discount % × M.P.
S. P. = M. P. – 100 = ` 1600
x × 10 Commission of first bag = 12% of ` 1600
⇒ 1656 = x – 100
9x 12
⇒ 1656 = 10 = ` 100 × 1600

1656 × 10 = ` 192
⇒ x= 9 Weight of second bag = (48 – 20) kg = 28 kg
= 1840
Price of 28 kg thing = ` 80 × 28 = ` 2240
Hence, marked price of coir mat is ` 1840. 20
17. Marked price of a refrigerator = ` 4500 Commission of second bag = ` 100 × 2240
First discount = 10% of ` 4500 = ` 448
10 Hence, total commission = ` (192 + 448) = ` 640
= 100 × 4500 = ` 450
Price after first discount = ` (4500 – 450) Value Education (Page no. 128)
= ` 4050 Do it yourself.
 qq

78 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-10 : Simple and Compound Interest
Check What You Know (pg–129) PTR
I = 100
A. Principal, P = ` 2600 5600 × 1 × 25
= ` 5 × 2 × 100 = ` 140
Rate, R = 12%
... Amount = P + I
Time, T = 3 years
P×R×T = ` (5600 + 140)

... Simple Interest, S. I. = 100
2600 × 12 × 3 = ` 5740

= 100 4. P = ` 12000, R = 9%
= ` 936
146
B. Let the principal be ` x, then amount be ` 2x and T = 146 days = 365 years
2
= 5 years
So, simple interest i.e.,
PTR
S. I. = A – P So, I = 100
= 2x – x = ` x 12000 × 9 × 2
=` 5 × 100
Rate = 5% p.a. = ` 432
100 × S. I. Thus, Amount = P + I
Then,
P×R Time = = ` (12,000 + 432)
100 × x = ` 12,432
= x ×5
5. P = ` 65,000, R = 15%, I = ` 34,125
= 20 years 100 × S. I.
So, T = P×R
Instant Act (pg–131) 100 × 34125
= 65000 × 15
1. 1. P = ` 3200, R = 6% p.a., T = 3 years
1
Using formula, = 3 2 years
PTR Amount = P + S. I.
I = 100 ,
3200 × 3 × 6 = ` (65000 + 34125)
I =` 100 = ` 99125
= ` 576 6. P = ` 12,500, R = 8%, S. I. = ` 4000
... Amount = P + I ...

100 × S. I.
T=
P×R
= ` (3200 + 576) = ` 3776 100 × 4000
= 12500 × 8
P = ` 2300, R = 10%
2.
= 4 years
6
and T = 6 months = 12 years Amount = P + S. I.
1
= 2 years = ` (12,500 + 4,000)
...
PTR
I = 100 = ` 16,500
1 15
2300 × 10 × 1 7. P = ` 8,000, R = 7 2 % = 2 %
=` 2 × 100
Amount = ` 9,500
= ` 115
S. I. = Amount – Principal
... Amount = P + I
= ` (9,500 – 8,000)
= ` (2300 + 115)
= ` 1,500
= ` 2415 . . . 100 × S. I.
T = P×R
1 25
3. P = ` 5600, R = 12 2 % = 2 % 100 × 1500 × 2
= 8000 × 15
73 1 1
Time = 73 days = 365 years = 5 years = 2 2 years

Math Made Easy-8 79

 8. P = ` 6000, T = 9 years, A = ` 8700 Interest for the first period (5th August to 17th October)
3.
500 ×5 × 73
... S. I. = A – P = ` 100 × 365 = ` 5

= ` (8700 – 6000)
Amount on October 17th after withdrawal of ` 100
= P – S. I. – 100
= ` 2700

= ` (500 – 5 – 100)
100 × S. I.
... P×T R = = ` 395

100 × 2700
= 6000 × 9 Interest for the period from 17th October 29th December
395 × 5 × 146
= 100 × 365

= 5%
= ` 7.9
1 5
9. P = ` 8000, T = 2 2 years = 2 years ... Amount on 29th December = ` (395 + 7.9)
S. I. = ` 1080 = ` 402.9
100 × S. I. Here, on 17th october withdrawal amount was ` 395 and on
... R =
P×T 29th December withdrawal amount was ` 402.9.
100 × 1080 × 2

= 8000 × 5 4. May — 31
= 5.4% June — 30
.
. . Amount = P + S. I. July — 31
= ` (8000 + 1080)
August — 31
= ` 9080
September — 30
10. P = ` 5000, T = 5 years, S. I. = ` 1225 October — 31
100 × S. I.
... P×T R = November — 30

100 × 1225
= 5000 × 5 December — 06

= 4.9% Total = 220
220
Amount = P + S. I. Time = 365 years

= ` (5000 + 1225)
P = ` 2000, r = 5%

= ` 6225 2000 × 5 × 220

S. I. = ` 100 × 365
1 15 = ` 60.27
2. P = ` 2000, R = 7 2 % = 2 %
for Time, April = 30 days Interest for the second borrowing from 24th september to
1000 × 5 × 73
May = 31 days 6th December = ` 100 × 365 = ` 10
June = 30 days Total Amount returned = ` (2000 + 60.27 + 1000 + 10)
July = 31 days
= ` 3070.27
August = 24 days
5. 1. R = 8% p.a., T = 5 years
146 days
...
146
Time = 365 years and I = ` 120

2 100 × S. I.
= 5 years Then, R×T P=

P×R×T 100 × 120

... Simple Interest = 100
=` 8×5 = ` 300

2000 × 15 × 2 ... Amount = P + S. I.

= 2 × 100 × 5
= ` 60 = ` (300 + 120)

Hence, interest paid is ` 60. = ` 420

80 Math Made Easy-8
 1 7 P×R×T
2. Rate, R = 6%, T = 3 2 years = 2 years Now,100 S. I. =
and I = ` 840 5000 × 5 × 3
= 100
100 × S. I.
... R×T P= = ` 750

=
100 × 840 × 2 Difference in the interests = C. I. – S. I.
6×7 = ` (788.13 – 750)
= ` 4000
= ` 38.13
Amount = P + S. I. 2. Given, P = ` 25,000,
R = 16% p.a.,
= ` (4000 + 840)

Time (n) = 2 years
= ` 4840
Total amount paid at the end of 2 years i.e.,
A = P :1 + 100 D
3.
73
Rate, R = 15%, T = 73 days, = 365 years R n

= ` 25000 :1 + 100 D
and I = ` 225 16 2

100 × S. I.
... P=
= ` 25000 :1 + 25 D
R×T 4 2
100 × 225 × 365

= 15 × 73
= ` 25000 :25 D
29 2
= ` 7500

Amount = P + S. I. 29 29
= ` 25000 × 25 × 25
= ` (7500 + 225)

= ` 33640
= ` 7725

P = ` 10,000, Time (T) = 2 years and Rate (R) = 15%
3.
4. Rate (R) = 10%, P×T×R
S. I. = 100
73
Time (T) = 73 days = 365 years
10, 000 × 2 × 15
=`
Interest, (I) = ` 500 100
100 × S. I. = ` 3000
... R×T P= So, amount A = P + S. I.

=
100 × 500 × 365 = ` (10,000 + 3000)
10 × 73 = ` 13000
= ` 25000

To find amount using compund interest,
A = P :1 + 100 D
Amount = P + S. I. r n

= ` (25000 + 500)

= ` 10000 :1 + 100 D
15 2
= ` 25500

Instant Act (pg–136) 23 23

= ` 10000 × 20 × 20
1. Principal (P) = ` 5000
= ` 25 × 529 = ` 13,225
Time (n) = 3 years
So, Govind paid ` 13225 to Balaji.
Rate (R) = 5%
His gains in the whole transaction = ` (13225 – 13000)
Amount, A = P :1 + 100 D
r n
= ` 225
4. Investing money i.e. P = ` 15,000
= 5000 :1 + 100 D
5 3

Rate (r) = 5% and Time (n) = 2 years
= 5000 b1 + 20 l
1 3
Amount = P :1 + 100 D
r n

= 5000 b 20 l
21 3
= ` 15000 :1 + 100 D
5 2

21 21 21
= 5000 × 20 × 20 × 20 21 21
= ` 15000 × 20 × 20
= ` 5788.13
. 75 × 441
. . C. I. = A – P =` 2
= ` (5788.13 – 5000) = ` 16537.50
= ` 788.13 But T.V’s cost = ` 18000

Math Made Easy-8 81

 ... ` 18000 > ` 16537.50 (b) If compounded is half yearly, then
Now Short money = ` (18000 – 16537.50)
= ` 1462.50 P = ` 10,000
3 Time (n) = 1 × 2 = 2 half year
5. P = ` 14000, Time (n) = 2 years
Rate (R) = 12% p.a. 10
Rate (R) = 2 % = 5%
Since interest is being compounded half-yearly.
A = P :1 + 100 D
3 R n
So, n = 2 × 2 half years

= ` 10000 :1 + 100 D
= 3 half years 5 2

12
and Rate (r) = 2 % = 6% 21 21
= ` 10000 × 20 × 20
A = P :1 + 100 D
r n

= ` 25 × 441 = ` 11,025
= ` 14000 :1 + 100 D
6 3
C. I. = A – P
53 53 53
= ` 14000 × 50 × 50 × 50 = ` (11025 – 10000)
= ` 16674.22 = ` 1,025
C. I. = A – P
= ` (16674.22 – 14000) (c) If compounded quarterly, the
= ` 2674.22 P = ` 10000
P = ` 1400, Time (n) = 9 months,
6. Time (n) = 1 × 4 = 4 years
9 3
n = 12 years = 4 years 10 5
Rate (R) = 4 % = 2 %
Rate (R) = 12%
A = P :1 + 100 D
R n
Since, the interest is being compounded quarterly, then

= ` 10, 000 :1 + 200 D

3 5 4
n = 4 × 4 quarters = 3 quarters
12
= ` 10, 000 : 40 D
and R = 4 % = 3% 41 4

A = P :1 + 100 D
R n
... 41 41 41 41
= ` 10000 × 40 × 40 × 40 × 40
= ` 1400 :1 + 100 D
3 3
= ` 11038.13

103 103 103
= ` 1400 × 100 × 100 × 100 ... C. I. = A – P
= ` (11038.13 – 10000)
= ` 1529.82
.
. . C. I. = A – P = ` 1038.13

= ` (1529.82 – 1400) Instant Act (pg–139)

= ` 129.82 1. Let the borrowed money i.e., principal be `100.
P = ` 10,000, Time (n) = 12 months
7. Rate (R) = 14% p.a.
12 Time (n) = 1 year
i.e. n = 12 years = 1 year
Rate (R) = 10% p.a. But interest being compounded semi annually, then
A = P :1 + 100 D
R n
14
R = 2 % = 7%
(a)

= ` 10, 000 :1 + 100 D

10 1 and n = 1 × 2 = 2 years

A = P :1 + 100 D
R n
11
= ` 10000 × 10
= ` 100 :1 + 100 D
= ` 11000 7 2
... C. I. = A – P
107 107
= ` (11,000 – 10,000) = ` 100 × 100 × 100

= ` 1000 = ` 114.49
82 Math Made Easy-8
 If the amount is ` 114.49 paid, then the borrowed money 23 × 23
= ` 100 × 20 × 20
= ` 100
100 = ` 132.25
If the amount is ` 1, then the borrowed money = ` 114.49
... C. I. = A – P
If the amount is ` 1831.84, then the borrowed money
= ` (132.25 – 100)
100 × 1831.84
= ` 114.49 = ` 32.25
= ` 1600 If the C. I. is ` 32.25, then the sum = ` 100
2. A = ` 2553.80 100
If the C. I. is ` 1, then the sum = ` 32.25
R = 13% p.a.
100 × 1290
Time (n) = 2 years If the C. I. is ` 1290, then the sum = ` 32.25
A = P :1 + 100 D
R n = ` 4000

5.
Invested money i.e., P = ` 8000
2553.80 = P :1 + 100 D
13 2
⇒
Rate (R) = 5% p.a.

2553.80 = P :100 D
2
113 (a) Time (n) = 2 years
⇒

A = P :1 + 100 D
113 × 113 × P R n
⇒
2553.80 = 100 × 100

= ` 8000 :1 + 100 D
2553.80 × 100 × 100 5 2
P=
113 ×113
= ` 8000 :20 D
21 2
= ` 2000
Let the sum be ` 100
3. 21 21
= ` 8000 × 20 × 20
Rate (R) = 5%
= ` 8820
Time (n) = 2 years

A = P :1 + 100 D
R n Hence, the amount credited against her name at the
end of the second year is ` 8820.

= ` 100 :1 + 100 D (b) ... P = ` 8000, Rate (R) = 5% and time (n) = 3 years
5 2

= ` 100 b 20 l A = P :1 + 100 D
21 2 R n

= ` 8000 :1 + 100 D
21 21 5 3
= ` 100 × 20 × 20

= ` 8000 :20 D
= ` 110.25 21 3

C. I. = A – P 21 × 21 × 21
= ` 8000 × 20 × 20 × 20
= ` (110.25 – 100)
= ` 9261
= ` 10.25 C. I. for 3 years = A – P
If the C.I. is ` 10.25, then the sum = ` 100 = ` (9261 – 8000)
= ` 1261
100 C. I. for 2 years = ` (8820 – 8000)
If the C.I. is ` 1, then the sum = ` 10.25
100 × 164 = ` 820
If the C. I. is ` 164, then the sum = ` 10.25 C. I. for 3 years = ` (1261 – 820)
= 1600 = ` 441

4. Let the sum be ` 100 Instant Act (pg–141)

Rate (R) = 15% p.a. 1. Present Population = 37,50,000
Time (n) = 2 years 20
Rate of increase = 1000 = 2%
A = P :1 + 100 D
n
R Number of years = 3 years

Population after 3 years = 37, 50, 000 b1 + 100 l
2 3
= ` 100 :1 + 100 D
15 2
51 51 51
= ` 100 :20 D
23 2 = 37, 50, 000 × 50 × 50 × 50
= 39,79,530

Math Made Easy-8 83

 A = P b1 + 100 l
2. Cost of a car = ` 2,50,000 R n
Now,
Despreciated rate (R) = 2 %
= ` 1000 b1 + 100 l
10 2
No. of years (n) = 3 years
Depreciated value of a car after 3 years = 2, 50, 000 b1 – 100 l
11 11
2 3 = ` 1000 × 10 × 10
= ` 1210
49 49 49
= 2, 50, 000 × 50 × 50 × 50 ... C. I. = ` (1210 – 1000)
= ` 2,35,298 = ` 210
3. Value of a machine = ` 1,60,000 Difference between S. I. and C. I. = ` (210 – 200) = ` 10
6 Hence, option (c) is correct.
rate (R) = 2 % = 3%
2. Time (n) = 2 years,
3
time (n) = 2 × 2 = 3 years Rate (R) = 10% p.a.
... Value of a machine after 3 years P = ` 1000
= 1, 60, 000 b1 – 100 l A = P b1 + 100 l
3 3 . R n
. .

= ` 1000 b1 + 100 l
97 97 97 10 2
= 1, 60, 000 × 100 × 100 × 100

= ` 1,46,027.68 11 11
= 1000 × 10 × 10
4. Three years ago, the population = 60,000 = ` 1210
Rates of three successive years, C. I. = A – P
= ` (1210 – 1000) = ` 210
r1 = 4%, r2 = 5%, r3 = 6% Hence, option (c) is correct.
Then present population 3. In case of compound interest, the principal increases every
year. Hence, option (a) is correct.
= 60, 000 b1 + 100 lb1 + 100 lb1 + 100 l
4 5 6
Crack the code (Page no. 142)
104 105 106 1. P = ` 850, R = 10% p.a. n = 2 years

= 60, 000 × 100 × 100 × 100
A = P b1 + 100 l
r n
= 69,451.2
5. Depreciated rate, (r) = 12.5% = ` 850 b1 + 100 l
10 2
Number of years (n) = 3 11 11
Present value = ` 13,720 = 850 × 10 × 10

Original value of the machine = 13, 720 b1 – 100 l

12.5 3 = ` 1028.50
... C. I. = A – P
7 7 7
= 13, 720 × 8 × 8 × 8 = ` (1028.50 – 850) = ` 178.5
= ` 9,191.33 2. P = ` 4000, n = 2 years, R = 15% p.a.
A = P b1 + 100 l
Mental Maths (pg–142) R n

= ` 4000 b1 + 100 l
18 × 2 15 2
1. No. of half years in 18 months =12 = 3 years
23 23
21
2. No. of quarters in 21 months= 12 × 4 = 7 years = ` 4000 × 20 × 20
= ` 5290
10
3. Rate for half-yearly= 2 % = 5% p.a. C. I. = A – P
12 = ` (5290 – 4000)
4. Rate for quarterly= 4 % = 3% p.a.
= ` 1290
MCQs (pg–142) 3. P = ` 4000, n = 3 years, R = 20% p.a.
A = P b1 + 100 l
1. P = ` 1000, R = 10%, Time (n) = 2 years R n

= ` 4000 b1 + 100 l
P×R×n
... 100 S. I. = 20 3

1000 × 10 × 2 6 6 6
= ` 100 = ` 4000 × 5 × 5 × 5

= ` 200 = ` 6,912
84 Math Made Easy-8
 ... C. I. = A – P ... C. I. = A – P
= ` (6,912 – 4000) = ` (9408 – 7500)
= ` 2,912 = ` 1908
Difference between the C. I. and S. I. = ` (1908 – 1800)
4. Sum of money, P = ` 15000
= ` 108
Time, (n) = 3 years 8. Borrowing money i.e. P = ` 24000
Rate (R) = 10% Rate (R) = 10% p.a.
Time (n) = 2 years 3 months
A = P b1 + 100 l
R n 24000 × 10 × 1
Interest for first year = ` 100
= 1500 b1 + 100 l
10 3 = ` 2400
Amount = ` (24000 + 2400) = ` 26400
11 11 11
= ` 15000 × 10 × 10 × 10 Principal for 2nd year = ` 26,400
26, 400 × 10 × 1
= ` 19,965 Interest for second year = ` 100
Hence, Jyoti will pay the amount of ` 19965. = ` 2,640
Amount = ` (26,400 + 2,640)
5. P = ` 2560, n = 1 year,
= ` 29,040
1 25
R = 12 2 % = 2 % Principal for next year = ` 29,040

A = P b1 + 100 l
R n 3 29040 × 10 × 3
Interest for 12 years = ` 12 × 100
= ` 726
= ` 2560 b1 + 200 l
25 1
Amount = ` (29040 + 726)
= 2560 × 8
9 = ` 29,766
9. Deposited money by Mr. Harish i.e.,
= ` 2880 P = ` 15,625
6. P = ` 10000, 16
Rate (R) = 4 % = 4%
3
n = 1 year + 12 years 15 15
Time (n) = 12 years = 12 × 4 years
1 5
n = 1 year + 4 years = 4 years = 5 quarters
A = P b1 + 100 l
5 r n
... n = 4 × 4 = 5 quarters

= ` 15625 b1 + 100 l
1 17 17 4 5
R = 8 2 % = 2×4 = 8 %

A = P b1 + 100 l
R n 26 × 26 × 26 × 26 × 26
... = ` 15625 × 25 × 25 × 25 × 25 × 25
11881376
= ` 10000 b1 + 800 l = `
17 5 625
= ` 19010.20
= ` 10000 × (1.02125)5
... C. I. = A – P
= ` 10000 × 1.110863
= ` (19010.20 – 15625)
= ` 11,108.63 = ` 3385.20
7. P = ` 7500, R = 12%, n = 2 years
12
P×R×n P = ` 6000, r = 2 % = 6%
10. (a)
S. I. = 100
3
7500 × 12 × 2 and n = 2 × 2 years = 3 half year
= 100
A = P b1 + 100 l
r n
= ` 1800

A = P b1 + 100 l = ` 6000 × b1 + 100 l

R n 6 3

= ` 7500 b1 + 100 l = ` 6000 × b 50 l

12 2 53 3

28 28 53 × 53 × 53
= ` 7500 × 25 × 25 = ` 6000 × 50 × 50 × 50

= ` 9408 = ` 7146.10

Math Made Easy-8 85

 ... C. I. = A – P P1 × r × n
100 S. I. =
= ` (7146.10 – 6000)
4000 × 5 × 146
= ` 1146.10 = 365 × 100
(b) P = ` 6000, r = 12% = ` 80
6000 × 12 × 1
Interest for 1 year = ` 100 Now, P2 = ` 5000
5
= ` 720 r = 100 = 0.05
Amount = ` (6000 + 720) Total days = 8 + 30 + 31 + 4
= ` 6720 = 73
Principal for next year = ` 6720 P2 × r × n
S. I. = 100
6720 × 12 × 1
Interest for next 6 month = ` 200 73
= ` 5000 × 0.05 × 365
= ` 403.20
= ` 50
Total interest = ` (720 + 403.20)
Total amount returned = ` (4000 + 80 + 5000 + 50)
= ` 1123.20
= ` 9,130
part (a) has earn more interest as ` (1146.10 – 1123.20)
P = ` 1460, R = 8%, I = ` 240
13.
 = ` 22.90 100 × S. I.
... T = P×R
11. Let the principal be ` 100.
100 × 240
time (n) = 2 years = 1460 × 8
Rate (r) = 5% 150
= 73 year
P×r ×n
S. I. = 100 150
= 73 × 365 days
100 × 5 × 2
= ` 100 = ` 10 = 750 days
A = P b1 + 100 l
r n Hence, the required days are 750.

P = ` 6000, R = 5%, T = 2 years
14.
= ` 100 b1 + 100 l
5 2 P×R×T
S. I. = ` 100
105 105
= ` 100 × 100 × 100 = `
6000 × 5 × 2
100
= ` 110.25 = ` 600
A = P b1 + 100 l
C. I. = A – P R T

= ` (110.25 – 100)
= ` 6000 b1 + 100 l
5 2
= ` 10.25
Difference between C. I. and S. I. = ` (10.25 – 10) = ` 0.25 21 × 21
= ` 6000 × 20 × 20
If the difference is ` 0.25, then the principal = ` 100
= ` 6615
100
If the difference is ` 1, then the principal = ` 0.25 ... C. I. = A – P
100 × 12 = ` (6615 – 6000)
If the difference is ` 12, then the principal = ` 0.25
= ` 615
= ` 4800 Difference in both interests = ` (615 – 600) = ` 15
12. Principal, (P1) = ` 4000 15. P = ` 80,000,
5 R = 10%
R = 5% = 100 = 0.05
3
Total days = 19 + 31 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 4 T = 2 years
80000 × 10 × 1
= 146 (a) ... Interest for 1st year = ` 100
146
n = 365 = ` 8000

86 Math Made Easy-8

 Amount of principal for 2nd year = ` (80000 + 8000) 1 Y × 10
11000 Y×1
Interest for next 2 year = ` YY
= ` 88000 200
1 88000 × 10 × 1 = ` 550
Interest for next 2 year = ` 200 .
.. Total interest = ` (1000 + 500)
= ` 4400 = ` 1550
Amount = ` (88000 + 4400)
Yes, compounded half yearly interest is more than
= ` 92400 compounded annually.
Total interest = ` (8000 + 4400) 17. P = ` 64 and A = ` 125
= ` 12400 Time (n) = 3 years
A = P b1 + 100 l
(b) If the interest is compounded half-yearly, then R n
...
10
R = 2 % = 5%
125 = 64 b1 + 100 l
R 3
⇒

3
and T = 2 × 2 years
= b1 + 100 l
125 R 3
= 3 half years ⇒
64
A = P b1 + 100 l b5 l = b1 + 100 l
R T 3
R 3
⇒
4
= ` 80000 b1 + 100 l
5 3 r 5

i.e., 1 + 100 = 4
21 21 21 r 5 1
= ` 80000 × 20 × 20 × 20 ⇒
= 4 –1 = 4
100
= ` 92610 ⇒
4r = 100
.
. . C. I. = A – P 100
⇒
r = 4 = 25%
= ` (92610 – 80000)
= ` 13,610 Hence, required rate of interest is 25%.
Hence, the difference in amounts he would be paying 18. P = ` 2000, A = ` 2315.25
after given times = ` (92610 – 92400) 1
n = 1 2 × 2 = 3 half years
= ` 210
A = P b1 + 100 l
R n
P = ` 10,000
16. ...
1 3
b R l3
n = 1 2 = 2 × 2 = 3 half years 2315.25
⇒ 2000 = 1 + 200
10
b R l3
R = 2 % = 5% 9261
⇒ 8000 = 1 + 200
A = P b1 + 100 l
R n
b 21 l = b1 + R l
3 3
⇒ 20 200
= ` 10000 b1 + 100 l
5 3
R 21
⇒ 1 + 200 = 20
21 21 21
= ` 10000 × 20 × 20 × 20 R 21 1
⇒ 200 = 20 – 1 = 20
92610
= ` 8 ⇒
20R = 200
= ` 11576.25 ⇒
R = 10
... C. I. = A – P Hence, R = 10%
= ` (11576.25 – 10000)
HOTS (Page no. 143)
= ` 1576.25
1. For Arun :
For annual interest :
P = ` 25,000, T = 5 years, R = 12% p.a.
10000 × 10 × 1
Interest for 1st year = ` 100 P×R×T
S. I. = ` 100
= ` 1000
25000 × 12 × 5
Amount or principal for next year = ` (10000 + 1000) = ` 100
= ` 11000 = ` 15,000

Math Made Easy-8 87

 For Mohit : 196830 × 25 × 25 × 25
⇒
P= 27 × 27 × 27
P = ` 25,000, T = 3 years, R = 12% p.a.
A = P b1 + 100 l
R T = 10 × 15625 = ` 1,56250

Hence, the money invested is ` 156250.
= ` 25000 b1 + 100 l
12 3
3. P = ` 80,000, A = ` 12,1670
28 28 28 and R = 15% p.a.
= ` 25000 × 25 × 25 × 25
A = P b1 + 100 l
R n
= ` 35123.20 ...
...
121670 = 80000 b1 + 100 l
C.I. = A – P 15 n
⇒

= ` (35123.20 – 25000)
b 23 l
n
= ` 10123.20 ⇒

121670
=
80000 20
Arun earned more interest by ` (15000 – 10123.20)
b 23 l
n
12167
= ` 4876.80 ⇒ 8000 = 20
b 23 l = b 23 l
2. Let the invested money by Vinod be P, then 3 n
⇒
A = P b1 + 100 l
r n 20 20

On comparing powers, we get
196830 = P b1 + 100 l
8 3
⇒
i.e. n = 3 years
196830 = P b 25 l
27 3
⇒ Hence, the money is invested for 3 years.
 qq

88 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-11 : Direct and Inverse Variations
560 8
Check What You Know (pg–145) ... 420 = x
A. Weight of 6 packs = 30 kg ⇒
560x = 420 × 8
30
Weight of 1 pack = 6 kg 420 × 8
⇒ x= 560
30
Weight of 15 packs = 6 × 15 kg ⇒
x=6
= 75 kg Hence, 420 people can go in 6 trips.
B. In ` 450, we bought the length of cloth = 18 m 1.5 3
4. (i) y = 6
18
In ` 1, we bought the length of cloth = 450 ⇒ 3y = 6 ×1.5
18 6 × 1.5
In ` 540, we bought the length of cloth = 450 × 540 m ⇒ y= 3
= 21.6 m =3
C. Let, the number be x. 3 x
(ii) 6 = 8
⇒ 48 : 32 = 24 : x ⇒ 6x = 24
48 24
⇒ 32 = x ⇒
24
x = 6 =4
⇒ 48x = 32 × 24 (iii)
3 x
6 = 9
32 × 24 ⇒
⇒ x= 48 = 16 6x = 27
18 3 27
D. 1. = ⇒
x = 6 = 4.5
48 8 i.e. 3 : 8
2.50 1 3 x
2. = (iv) 6 = 24
10 4 i.e. 1 : 4
4 × 60 min 6 ⇒
6x = 72
3. 40 min = 1 i.e. 6 : 1 72
8 hours 1 ⇒
x = 6 = 12
4. 24 hours = 3 i.e. 1 : 3 3 15.5
(v) 6 = y
Instant Act (pg–148)
⇒
3y = 6 × 15.5
1. (a), (b, (c), (d) and (e) are all direct variations.
6 × 15.5
⇒ y= 3 = 31
2. Less books is less weight and more books is more weight.
Hence, the table is :
Types of variation : Direct variation
x 1.5 3 4 4.5 12 15.5
Books Weight (in kg)
57 11.400 y 3 6 8 9 24 31
71 x
Instant Act (pg–149)
57 11.400
... 71 = x 1. Let the length on the map be x cm.
⇒
57x = 71 × 11.400
71 × 11.400 Length on the map Actual distance (in cm)
⇒
x= 57 (in cm)
⇒
x = 14.200 5 1500
Hence, the weight of 71 books is 14 kg 200g. x 2897
3. No. of people Trips 5 1500
Then, x = 2897
560 8 or 1500x = 2897 × 5
420 x 2897 × 5
or x = 1500
Types of variation : Direct variation or x = 9.7 cm

Math Made Easy-8 89

2. Let the height of a lamp-post be x m. x 780
∴ 20 = 800
Height of a lamp-post Height of its shadow
⇒ 800 × x = 20 × 780
15 4
20 × 780 39
x 1.2 ⇒ x= 800 = 2
15 4 1
Then, x = 1.2 ⇒ x = 19 2 hours
or 4x = 15 × 1.2 or x = 19 hours 30 minutes
15 × 1.2 5. Since x and y are very inverse proportion.
or x= 4
or x = 4.5 m x 36 72 b c
y 48 a 16 12
Hence, the height of a lamp-post is 4.5 m.
Then, 36 × 48 = 72 × a
Instant Act (pg–151) ⇒ a =
36 × 48
72
1. X Y ⇒ a = 24
18 8 Similarly, 36 × 48 = b × 16
x 16 36 × 48
⇒ b = 16 = 108
Since, it is an inversely proportion, then
and 36 × 48 = c × 12
x 8
⇒
18 = 16 ⇒ c=
36 × 48
= 144
12
⇒ 16x = 18 × 8 Hence, the table is :
18 × 8 x
⇒ x= 16 = 9
36 72 108 144
2. Pipes Time(in minutes) y 48 24 16 12
6 1 hr 24 min = 84
6. (c)
7 x
It is an inverse proportion. Instant Act (pg–153)
5
x 6 1. (a) 36 × 18 m/s = 10 m/s
∴ 84 = 7
5 31
7x = 84 × 6 (b) 6.2 × 18 m/s = 18 m/s

84 × 6 5 125
x= = 72 min (c) 50 × 18 m/s = 9 m/s
7
i.e. x = 1 hour 12 minutes 18
2. (a) 20 × 5 km/h = 72 km/h
3. Men Time(in hours) 18
(b) 3.5 × 5 km/h = 12.6 km/h
10 6
18
12 (c) 7.5 × 5 km/h = 27 km/h
x
3. Speed of a car = 70 km/h
It is a case of inverse proportion.
x 6 Time = 5 hr
∴ 10 = 12
x 1 ∴
⇒ 10 = 2
Distance = Speed × Time

⇒ 2x = 10 = 70 × 5 = 350 km

⇒ x =5 Speed is reduced by 14 km/h, then

4. Time (in hours) Speed (km/hr) Reduced speed = (70 – 14) km/h = 56 km/h
20 780
Let t be the time taken by the car running with the reduced
x 800 speed.

90 Math Made Easy-8

 ... Distance = speed × time. Work done by Karim and Munim together in 1 hour
⇒
350 = 56 × t
2 1
= 15 + 5
350
⇒
t = 56 2+3
1 = 15
= 6 4 hours
5 1
1 = 15 = 3
= 6 hours and 4 × 60 minutes
1
= 6 hours 15 minutes Number of hours required to finish the complete = 1 ÷ 3
Hence, the time taken by the car to cover the distannce is
6 hours 15 minutes. = 3 hours
1
4. Distance covered by taxi = 80 km Work finished by X in 1 day = 10
3.
Speed = 60 km/hr 1
Distance Work finished by Y in 1 day = 12
Time taken by taxi = Speed
12 6
80 4 X can do work = 10 × Y’s work = 5 × Y’s work
= 60 = 3 hr
6
Distance covered by bus = 40 km More work done by X = 5 × Y’s work – Y’s work
Speed = 60 km/hr 1
= 5 × Y’s work
Distance
... Time taken by bus = Speed
1
40 2 Hence, 5 th more work done by painter X in a day than
= 60 = 3 hr painter Y.
4 2
Total time taken = 3 hr + 3 hr
MCQs (pg–155)
6
= 3 hr = 2 hours 1. Option (c) is correct.
5. Total length of train and bridge = 256 m + 160 m
2.
Option (b) is correct.
= 416 m
Time taken to cross a tree = 8 sec 3.
Option (b) is correct.
Total length of train and bridge
Speed of the train = 4.
Option (a) is correct.
Time taken
416 1
= 8 = 52 m/s 5. Pipe A can fill a tank in 1 hr = 5
Now, time taken to cross the bridge 1
Total length of bridge Pipe B can empty a tank in 1 hr = 4
= Speed In case of both pipes are opened, they fill the tank in
160 = 40 1
= 52 13 = 3 13 seconds 1 1
= 5 – 4
Instant Act (pg–155) 4–5 –1
= 20 = 20
1
1. Work done by Ram in one day = 12
Hence, they will never be full. Option (d) is correct.
1
Work done by Amir in one day = 6 1
6. Pipe A can fill a tank in 1 hr = 4
Work done by Ram and Amir together in one day
1 1 1
= 12 + 6 Pipe B can empty a tank in 1 hr = 5
1 1
1+ 2 In case of both pipes are opend, then fill in = 4 – 5
= 12
3 1 5–4
= 12 = 4 = 20
Number of days required to finish the work 1
= 20
1
= 1 ÷ 4 = 4 days 1
So, the tank will be full in = 1 ÷ 20 = 20 hours
1 2
2. Work done by Karim in 1 hour = 15 = 15
Hence, option (b) is correct.
2
1 Crack the code (pg–156)
Work done by Munim in 1 hour = 5
1. (a) D (b) D (c) I (d) D

Math Made Easy-8 91

2.(a) Distance covered in 3 hours = 126 km 7.
126 No. of bottles Time (in hours)
Distance covered in 1 hour = 3 km
950 5
126
Distance covered in 7 hours = 3 × 7 = 294 km x 4
(b) Time taken to cover 126 km = 3 hours It is a case of inverse variation.
3 950 5
Time taken to cover 1 km = 126 ... x = 4

3
Time taken to cover 462 km = 126 × 462 ⇒ 5x = 950 × 4
950 × 4
= 11 hours ⇒ x= 5 = 760
3. Hence, 760 bottles will be filled in 4 hours.
Height of Pole (m) Length of shadow (in m) 1 2
8. ... 160 = x
11.5 3
x = 160 × 2 = 320
34.5 x
... 1 3
It is a case of direct variation. 160 = y
115 × x = 34.5 × 3 y = 160 × 3 = 480
34.5 × 3 ... 1 4
x = 11.5 = 9 m 160 = z
Hence, the length of shadow is 9 m. z = 160 × 4 = 640
Payment of ` 315 is done for working = 7 days
4. ... 1 5
160 = a
7
Payment of ` 1 is done for working = 315 days a = 160 × 5 = 800
Payment of ` 1035 is done for working Hence, the table is :
7
= 315 × 1035 days Time (in years) 1 2 3 4 5
= 23 days S. I. ` 160 ` 320 ` 480 ` 640 ` 800
Hence, the required no. of days is 23 days. 1
9. One day work of P = 18
5. 1
One day work of (P + Q) = 15
No. of Copies Length of Shelf (in cm)
1 1
126 3.78 One day work of Q = 15 – 18
x 4.8 6–5 1
= 90 = 90
It is a case of direct variation So, Q will take 90 days alone to complete the work.
126 3.78 1
... x = 4.8 10. Job completed by A and B together in 1 hour = 3
⇒
3.78 × x = 126 × 4.8 4
Job done by A alone in 1 hour = 29
126 × 4.8
⇒
x= 3.78 1 4
⇒
x = 160 Job done by B alone in 1 hour = 3 – 29
Hence, no. of copies are 160. 29 – 12 17
= 87 = 87
6. 87
So, time taken by B to done finish the job is 17 hours
Distance (in m) Number of steps 2
= 5 17 hours.
100 125
x 875 11. Project completed by Siya, Samar and Riya.
It is a case of direct variation. 1
together in 1 hour = 8
100 125
... x = 875
1
Job finished by Siya in 1 hour = 20
⇒
125 × x = 875 × 100
1
87500 Job finished by Samar in 1 hour = 24
⇒
x = 125 = 700
Job finished by Riya in 1 hour = 8 – b 20 + 24 l
1 1 1
Hence, 700 m distance will be covered in 875 steps.

92 Math Made Easy-8

 = 8 – b 61205 l

1 + HOTS (pg–157)
Jyoti's house Seeta's house
1 11 A
= 8 – 120 B C
6 a.m.
15 – 11 3 km 5 km
= 120
4 km/h 3 km/h
4 1
= 120 = 30 (a) By considering AB Point :
... Number of hours required to finish the job by Riya alone Distance = 3 km
1 Speed = 4 km/h
= 1 ÷ 30
Distance 3
= 30 hours Time = Speed = 4 h
1 By considering BC point :
12. Tank filled by pipe A in 1 hour = 8
1 Distance = 5 km
Tank filled by pipe B in 1 hour = 6
Speed = 3 km/h
1 1
Tank filled by both pipes A and B in 1 hour = 8 + 6 Distance 5
Time = Speed = 3 h
3+ 4 3 5
= 24 Total time taken = 4 + 3
7 9 + 20
= 24 = 12
7
Hence, no. of hours taken to fill the tank = 1 ÷ 24 = 12 h
29

24 Total distance covered

= 1× 7 (b) Average speed = Total time taken
3 8
= 3 7 hours = 29
12
1
13. Tank filled by an inlet pipe in 1 hour = 4 = 29
8 × 12
1 96
Tank emptied by an outlet pipe in 1 hour = 6 = 29
If both the pipes are kept open, then tank filled in 1 hour = 3.31 km/h (approx)
1 1
= 4 – 6 Value Education (pg–157)
3– 2 1 In 4 months, time spent = 32 hours
= 12 = 12
32
1 In 1 months, time spent = 4 hours
Therefore tank is filled in = 1 ÷ 12
32
= 12 hours In 9 months, time spent = 4 × 9 hours
288
12 = 4 = 72 hours
Then, number of hours the tank is half-full = 2
= 6 hours. Hence, total time spent in 9 months is 72 hours.

 qq

Math Made Easy-8 93

 Chapter-12 : Visualizing Solid Shapes
Check What You Know (pg–159) (d) Pentagonal Pyramid
A. Cube, Sphere, Cone, Cylinder. Verify : V + F – E = 6 + 6 – 10 = 2
B. 1. Cuboid : It has 6 faces, 8 vertices and 12 edges. (e) V = 8, E = 12, F = 6
2. Cylinder : It has 3 faces, vertices and 2 edges. Square Prism
3. Sphere : It has 1 face, no vertex and no edge. Verify : V + F – E = 8 + 6 – 12 = 2
C. Cube, Cylinder, Pyramid. (f) V = 5, E = 8, F = 5

Instant Act (pg–167) Rectangular Pyramid

1. Option (a) and (c) is not a polyhedron. Verify : V+F–E=5+5–8=2

2. (a) is an example of a regular polyhedron. 2. F = 6, V = 8, E = ?

... V + F – E = 2
MCQs (pg–169)
1. A pyramid whose base is a circle, is cone. ⇒ 8+6–E=2
⇒ E = 14 – 2 = 12
Hence, option (a) is correct.
3. E = 30, V = 20, F = ?
2.
Sphere is not an example of prism.
... V + F – E = 2
Hence, option (d) is correct. ⇒ 20 + F – 30 = 2
3.
A cylinder has three circular faces. ⇒ F = 2 + 10 = 12
Hence, option (b) is correct. 4. F = 40, E = 60, V = ?

4.
Option (a) is correct. ... V+F–E=2
⇒ V + 40 – 60 = 2
5. Option (b) is correct.
... ⇒ V = 2 + 20 = 22
6. V–E+F=2
5. (a) Top side :
Given, F = 20, V = 12
Then 12 – E + 20 = 2
E = 32 – 2 = 30
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Side view :
Crack the code (pg–169)
1. (a) F = 5, V = 6, E = 9
Triangular prism
Verify : V+F–E=6+5–9
= 11 – 9 = 2
(b) E = 18, V = 12, F = 8
Verify : V + F – E = 12 + 8 – 18 = 2 Front view :
(c) V = 7, E = 12, F = 7
Hexagonal Pyramid
Verify : V + F – E = 7 + 7 – 12
= 2
V = 6, E = 10, F = 6
94 Math Made Easy-8
 (b) Top view : Side view and front view :

Side view :

(c) Top view :

Front view :

Side view and front view :

6. (a) Top view :

HOTS (pg–170)
1. (i) Front view

Front view and side view :

(ii) Side view

(iii) Top view
(b) Top view :

2. (a) (b) 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 5 6 7 8
4 5 6 9 10 11 12

7 8 9 13 14 15 16

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Math Made Easy-8 95

 Chapter-13 : Understanding Quadrilaterals
Check What You Know (pg–175) Sum of exterior angle
No. of sides =
Each exterior angle
A. Figure 3 & 4 is not polygon. 360°
= 158° = 2.27
B. 1. P and Q
Which is not a whole number. So, a regular polygon
2. R and T with angle 22° is not possible.
3. S 5. (a) The minimum measure of the interior angle of a
Instant Act (pg–177) regular polygon = 60º.
1. (i) c, a, b, e, f, g (ii) a, b, e, f, g (b) Maximum exterior angle for regular polygon
(iii) a, b (iv) b = 180° – Min. interior angle
(v) a = 180° – 60°
2. A regular polygon is both equiangular and equilateral such = 120°
as all its sides are of equal length and all angles are of 6. (i) ... The sum of interior angles of a triangle = 180º
equal measure.
... (180º – 125º) + (180º – 125º) + (180º – x) = 180º
Example:
⇒ 55º + 55º + 180º – x = 180º
(a) Equilateral triangle
⇒ 290° – x = 180º
(b) Square
⇒ –x = 180° – 290
(c) Hexagon
⇒ –x = –110°
Instant Act (pg–178) ⇒ x = 110°
1. (a) Total measure of each exterior angle = 360° . .
(ii) . The sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360º
360º
∴ Measure of each exterior angle = 9 = 40º 60º + 90º + 70º + x + 90º = 360º
(b) Total measure of each exterior angle = 360° ⇒ 310º + x = 360º
∴ Measure of each exterior angle = 15 = 24º
360º ⇒ x = 360º – 310º
2. Measure of an exterior angle = 24º ⇒ x = 50º
Total measure of all exterior angle = 360º Hence, x = 50º.
360º
... No of exterior angles = 24º = 15 Instant Act (pg–181)
Hence, the number of sides is 15. 1. (a) No. of sides (n) = 5
3. Interior angle = ]n – 2g × n
180º
Each interior angle of a regular polygon
Given, each interior angle = 165°
]n – 2g × 180º
= n
∴ 165ºn = 180ºn – 360º ]n – 2g × 180º
= 5
⇒ 180ºn – 165ºn = 360º 3 × 180º
= = 108º
⇒ 15n = 360º 5
360º (b) No. of sides (n) = 9
⇒ n = 15º

Each interior angle of a regular polygon
⇒
]n – 2g × 180º
n = 24º
Hence, the number of sides are 24. = n
4. (a) No, it is not possible. ]9 – 2g × 180º
= 9
360
... Number of sides = 22 = 16.36 =
7 × 180º
9
Therefore, a regular polygon with each exterior angle = 140º
measuring 22º is not possible.
2. (a) Total measure of exterior angles = 360º
(b) Measure of each interior angle = 22°
No. of sides (n) = 6
Measure of each exterior angle = 180° – 22°
360º 360º
= 158° Each exterior angle = n = 6 = 60º

96 Math Made Easy-8

 (b) Total measure of exterior angles = 360º Hence, first angle = 30º
No. of sides (n) = 8 second angle = 2 × 30º = 60º
360º 360º third angle = 4 × 30º = 120º
Each exterior angle = n = 8 = 45º
(c) Total measure of exterior angles = 360º and fourth angle = 5 × 30º = 150º
5. Let two angles be 5x and 6x, Then the sum of angles of a
No. of sides (n) = 10º
quadrilateral = 360º
360º 360º
Each exterior angle = n = 10 = 36º i.e. 70º + 70º + 5x + 6x = 360º
3. ... Total measure of exterior angles = 360º ⇒ 11x = 360º – 140º
Measure of each exterior angle = 40º ⇒
11x = 220
360º ⇒
... No. of sides = 40º = 9 x = 20º
Hence, a regular polygon has 9 sides. Hence, measure of each angle is 5 × 20º, 6 × 20º i.e., 100º
and 120º.
4. Since, the sum of interior angles of a regular polygon =
(n – 2) × 180º and each interior angle = 108º 6. Since, the sum of four angles of a quadrilateral = 360º
]n – 2g × 180º i.e.(180º – a) + (180º + b) + (180º – c) + (180º – d) = 360º
Then, n = 108º
(180º + 180º + 180º + 180º) – a – b – c – d = 360º
⇒ (n – 2) × 180º = 108n
⇒
720º – (a + b + c + d) = 360º
⇒ 180n – 360º = 108n ⇒
– (a + b + c + d) = 360º – 720º
⇒ 180n – 108n = 360º ⇒
– (a + b + c + d) = – 360º
⇒ 72n = 360º ⇒
a + b + c + d = 360º
⇒ n =5
Mental Maths (pg–186)
Hence, a regular polygon has 5 sides. A. 1. A quadrilateral has four sides, four angles, two
Instant Act (pg–185) diagonals and four vertices.
1. ... AB || DC  (given) 2. diagonal
... ∠A + ∠D = 180º  (co-interior angles) 3. four
40º + ∠D = 180º 4. rhombus
∠D = 180º – 40º = 140º 5. less than

Similarly ∠C = 140º B. 1. True 2. False

3. True 4. True
2. Let the measure of each of equal angles be xº.
5. False 6. True
Sum of four angles of a quadrilateral is 360º
7. True 8. False
... x + x + 115º + 45º = 360º
⇒ 2x + 160º = 360º
MCQs (pg–186)
1. (d) 2. (a)
⇒ 2x = 360º – 160º = 200º
3. (d) 4. (a)
⇒ x = 100º
5. (a) 6. (a)
Hence, the measure of each equal angle is 100°.
7. (i) (d) (ii) (a)
3. Let the fourth angle be xº.
Sum of angles of a quadrilateral = 360º
Crack the code (pg–187)
1. Let fourth’s angle be x, then the sum of four angles of a
55º + 85º + 70º + x = 360º
quadrilateral = 360º
⇒
210º + x = 360º ⇒ 85º + 65º + 50 + x = 360º

⇒
x = 360º – 210º = 150º ⇒
200º + x = 360º
Hence, the fourth angle is 150°. ⇒
x = 360º – 200º
4. Let the angles of a quadrilateral are x, 2x, 4x and 6x, then ⇒
x = 160º
the sum of angles of a quadrilateral = 360º
Hence, fourth angle is 160º.
⇒ x + 2x + 4x + 5x = 360º

2. If one angle of a quadrilateral = 90º
⇒
12x = 360º
Then other angles are 90º each as possible angles are equal
⇒
x = 30º and adjacent are supplmentary.

Math Made Easy-8 97

3. Let first angle be 2x, second angle be 3x, third angle be 7x 1
∴
∠ADB = 2 ∠ADC
and the fourth angle be 8x.
1
Since, the sum of four angles of a quadrilateral = 360º = 2 × 110° = 55°
Then, 2x + 3x + 7x + 8x = 360º 9. Since, the sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360º
⇒ 20x = 360º ... 85º + 100º + 70º + ext. ∠A = 360º
⇒ x = 18º ⇒
255º + ext. ∠A = 360º
Hence, first angle = 2 × 18 = 36º ⇒
ext. ∠A = 360º – 255º = 105º
second angle = 3 × 18 = 54º 10. Let the two adjacents sides of parallelogram be 4x and 3x.
third angle = 7 × 18 = 126º Given, the perimeter of the parallelogram = 210 m.
and fourth angle = 8 × 18 = 144º ... The sum of four sides of the parallelogram = 210 m
4. Square And measure of opposite sides of parallelogram are equal.
5. In rectangle, diagonals are of equal length. ∴ 4x + 3x + 4x + 3x = 210
∴ AC = BD ⇒ 14x = 210
⇒ 4x + 7 = 5x + 4
⇒ x = 15
⇒ 5x – 4x = 7 – 4
Hence, the length of the sides of the parallelogram
⇒ x=3 = 4 × 15 = 60 m and 3 × 15 = 45 m.
6. Let two adjacent angles of a || gm be 4x and 5x, then We know that opposite sides are equal in length, so all four
⇒ 4x + 5x = 180º (co-interior angles) sides are 60m, 45m, 60 m and 45 m.
⇒ 9x = 180º 11. Let the one angle of a parallelogram be x and one adjacent
⇒ x = 20º angle to the angle x be x + 20.
So, first angle = 4x = 4 × 20 = 80º So, x + (x + 20) = 180º
second angle = 5x = 5 × 20 = 100º (∵ Sum of adjacent angles of || gm is supplementary)
third angle = first angle = 80º ⇒ 2x = 180º – 20º = 160º
and fourth angle = second angle = 100º ⇒ x = 80º
7. Given, first angle = 70º and second angle = 80º Other adjacent angle = 80 + 20 = 100.
Let, two equal angles be x. Since opposite angles are equal, then all four angles are
80º, 100º, 80º and 100º.
Then, the sum of four angles of a quadrilateral = 360º
12. ∠BCE = 110º
∴ 70º + 80º + x + x = 360º
So, ∠BCD = 180º – 110º  (Linear pair)
⇒ 2x = 360º – 150º
= 70º
⇒ 2x = 210º
∠BCD = ∠BAD = 70º  (opposite angles)
⇒ x = 105º
As we know that, the sum of co-interior angles of
Hence, measure of third and fourth angles are 105º each. parallelogram = 180º
8. D C ∠BCD + ∠CDA = 180º
5p
⇒ 70º + ∠CDA = 180º
⇒ ∠CDA = 180º – 70º = 110º
70° ⇒ ∠CDA = ∠ABC = 110º (opposite angles)
Here, A 70 = 5p (Opposite
B angles of || gm are equal) Hence, all the angles of the parallelogram are 70º, 110º,
p = 14 70º and 110º.
13. Given, DL ⊥ AC and BM ⊥ AC
Now, 70° + 5q – 10 = 180°
... ∠DLC = 90º and ∠BMA = 90º
5q = 180° – 60°
(i) In DDCL and DBAM,
5q = 120
∠DLC = ∠BMA  (Each 90º)
q = 24°
AB = CD (opposite sides are equal in a
∠ABC = 5 × 24 – 10  parallelogram)
= 120° – 10° ∠DCL = ∠BAM (alternate angles of a
= 110°  parallelogram are equal)
∴
∠ADC = 110° Hence, ∆DCL ≅ ∆BAM  (By ASA Congruency)
98 Math Made Easy-8
 (ii) DL = BM  (By CPCT) 2. The diagonal of a rhombus bisect each other at 90º.
Proved So, ∠AOB = 90º
14. In parallelogram ABCD, 3. In rhombus ABCD,
... ∠C = 50º  (given) ∠A = 140º and ∠D = 70º
.
. . ∠C = ∠A = 50º (Opposite angles of a
These are co-interior angles and their sum should be
 parallelogram are equal)
exactly 180º.
But ∠B + ∠C = 180º (Co-interior angles of a
parallelogram) But ∠A + ∠D = 140º + 70º
∠B + 50º = 180º = 210º ≠ 180º
∠B = 180º – 50º = 130º Therefore, ∠A must be either 110º or ∠D must be 40º.
So, ∠B = ∠D = 130º  (Opposite angles of Cross curricular connect (pg–188)
 parallelogram are equal)
In hexagon, number of sides (n) = 6
In parallelogram AQRS,
... ... The sum of the measure of the interior angles of the
∠A = 50º  (Proved above)
. hexagon = (n – 2) × 180º
. . ∠A = ∠R = 50º (opposite angles of a
 parallelogram AQRS are equal) = (6 – 2) × 180º
But ∠R + ∠Q = 180º  (Co-interior angles of a = 4 × 180º
 parallelogram AQRS) = 720º
.
. . 50º + ∠Q = 180º
HOTS (pg–188)
∠Q = 180º – 50º = 130º
1. Here, KL = LM = MJ = JK
So, ∠Q = ∠S = 130º  (opposite angles of a
 parallelogram are equal) All four sides are equal in measure KM and JL are two
Hence, ∠A = 50º, ∠Q = 130º, ∠B = 130º, ∠R = 50º, ∠S diagonals, which are also equal in measure.
= 130º and ∠D = 130º Since, H is the mid-point of KM and JL.
Spot the Error(pg–188) So, diagonals KM and LI bisected each other at H.
1. In rhombus ABCD, all sides are equal and parallel. Hence, JKLM is a square in shape.
D C 2. In octagon, number of sides (n) = 8
The sum of all interior angles of six sided figure
= (n – 2) × 180º
= (8 – 2) × 180º
= 6 × 180º = 1080º
A B
But sum of two equal angles = 120º + 120º = 240º
So, ∠A + ∠D = 180º  (Co-interior angles)
But here ∠A + ∠D = 120º + 140º  (given) Sum of remaining six equal angles = 1080º – 240º = 840º
840º
= 260º ≠ 180º The measure of each of the six equal angles = 6
Therefore, ∠D must be either 60º or ∠A is 40º. = 140º
 qq

Math Made Easy-8 99

 Chapter-14 : Construction of Quadrilaterals
Check What You Know (pg–192) Steps of Construction :
X (i) Draw a line segment AB = 6 cm
A. (ii) With B as centre, draw ∠ABX = 90º. Again with B as
A centre, take radius 4 cm, draw an arc BX at C i.e., BC
= 4 cm.
(iii) With C as centre, draw ∠BCY = 90º,
(iv) Take radius 4 cm, draw an arc CY at D.
60º 70º (v) Join DA.
B 6.5 cm C Hence, the required ABCD is quadrilateral.
2. X
Steps of Construction : P Y
(i) Draw BC = 6.5 cm S
(ii) At point B, draw ray BX such that ∠CBX = 60º

8 cm
(iii) At point C, draw ray CY such that ∠BCY = 70º

6 cm
(iv) Both rays BX and CY intersect at A.
Thus DABC is the required triangle. 60º 10
0º
B. X Q 5 cm R
C Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw QR = 5 cm
(ii) Draw ∠RQX = 60º and ∠QRY = 100º
(iii) With Q as centre and radius 8 cm, cut off QP = 8 cm
4 cm on ray QX.
(iv) With R as centre and radius 6cm, cut off RS = 6 cm on
ray RY.
A 3 cm B (v) Join P and S.
Thus, PQRS is the required quadrilateral.
Steps of Construction : 3. Y
(i) Draw base AB = 3 cm
X
(ii) With B as centre, draw ∠ABX = 90º
S
(iii) With B as centre and radius = 4 cm cut off BC = 4 cm
N 85º
on the ray BX. Join AC. P
Thus DABC is the required triangle. The length of 4 cm
hypotenuse AC is 5 cm. 12 º
0º
80
Instant Act (pg–195)
Q 5 cm R
1. X
... ∠P + ∠Q + ∠R + ∠S = 360º
75º + 120º + ∠R + 85º = 360º
280º + ∠R = 360º
T D 4 cm C ∠R = 360º – 280º
∠R = 80º
4 cm Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw QR = 5 cm
(ii) Draw ∠RQX = 120º
A B
6 cm (iii) Draw ∠QRY = 80º (Proved above)
100 Math Made Easy-8
 (iv) With R as centre and radius 4 cm, cut off RS = 4 cm 6. X Y
on ray RY.
D
(v) Draw ∠RSZ = 85º
(vi) SZ intersect QX at P. C

5 cm
Thus, PQRS is the required quadrilateral.

4 cm
X Y 75º
4.
A 7 cm B
Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw AB = 7 cm
Z C (ii) Draw ∠BAX = 75º
D
100º
(iii) Draw ∠ABY = 90º
(iv) With A as centre and radius 5 cm, cut off AD = 5 cm
cm
5.5

on the ray AX.

(v) With B as centre and radius 4 cm, cut off BC = 4 cm
80º on the ray BY.
100º
A 4.5 cm B (vi) Join C and D.
... ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360º Thus, ABCD is the required quadrilateral.

100º + ∠B + 100º + 80º = 360º Instant Act (pg–200)

∠B + 280º = 360º 1. (a) D C
∠B = 360º – 280º

cm
∠B = 80º

cm
3.2

3.2
Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw AB = 4.5 cm 45° 135°

(ii) Draw ∠ABY = 80º A 4 cm B

(iii) Draw ∠BAX = 100º Calculation:
∠A + ∠B = 180° (adjacent angle)
(iv) With A as centre, cut off AC = 5.5 cm on ray BY.
∠B = 180° – 45°
(v) Draw ∠BCZ = 100º, which intersect AX at D.
∠B = 135°
Thus, ABCD is the required quadrilateral. (i) Draw a line AB = 4 cm. Take A as a centre and draw
5. M an angle 45° and extend to 3.2 cm.
N (ii) Now, take B as a centre and draw an angle 135° and
Z
extend to 3.2 cm at C.
W
(iii) Join CD
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required parallelogram.
4 cm 4.5 cm (b) A 5.2 m B

40º
cm

40º 120°
4.2

X 5 cm Y
Steps of Contruction :
120° 60°
(i) Draw XY = 5 cm Calculation: D 5.2 m C
(ii) Draw ∠YXM = 80º ∠C + ∠B = 180° (adjacent angle)
(iii) With X as centre, cut off XW = 4 cm on ray XM. (i) Draw a line DC = 5.2 cm. Take C as a centre and draw
(iv) Draw ∠MXN = ∠NXY = 40º an angle ∠C + 120° = 180°. 60° and extend to 4.2 cm
(v) With Y as centre, radius 4.5 cm cutt off YZ = 4.5 cm at B.
on the ray XN. (ii) Take B as a centre draw an angle 120° and extend to
Thus, WXYZ is the required quadrilateral. 5.2 cm at A.

Math Made Easy-8 101

 (iii) Join DA (i) Draw a line DC = 5.2 cm. Take D as a centre and draw
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required parallelogram. an arc 7.2 cm.
(c) (ii) Take C as a centre draw another arc 4.2 cm. which
C 4.8 m D
cuts the previous arc at B.
(iii) Take B as a centre draw an arc 5.2 cm and Take D as
a centre draw another arc 4.2 cm which cuts the previ-
ous arc at A.
6 cm 6 cm
(iv) Join CB, BA and AD.
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required parallelogram.

(c) C B
130° 50°

B 5.2 m C
Calculation:
∠B + ∠C = 180°

7.2 cm
(adjacent angle)

8.
2
∠B = 180° – 50°

m
∠B = 130°
(i) Draw a line BC = 4.8 cm. Take B as a centre and draw
an angle 130° and extended to 6 cm at A.
(ii) Take C as a centre draw an angle 50° and extend to D 6.2 cm A
(i) Draw a line DA = 6.2 cm. Take A as a centre and draw
6 cm at D
an arc 8.2 cm.
(iii) Join DA
(ii) Take D as a centre draw an arc 7.2 cm which cuts the
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required parallelogram. previous arc at C.
2. (a) D 4 cm C (iii) Now, C as a centre draw an arc 6.2 cm and A as a
centre draw an arc 7.2 cm. which cuts the previous arc
at B.
m (iv) Join AB, BC and CD.
6.2
3.2 cm

3.2 cm

(v) Therefore ABCD is a required parallelogram.

3. (a) V U

A 4 cm B
(i) Draw a line AB = 4 cm. Take A as a centre and draw
an arc 6.2 cm. 6.
2
cm
(ii) Take B as a centre draw another arc 32 cm which cuts
5 cm

the previous arc at C.

(iii) Take C as a centre draw an arc 4 cm and Take A as
a centre draw an arc 3.2 cm. Which cuts the previous
arc at D.
(iv) Join BC, CD and DA.
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required parallelogram.
(b) A 5.2 cm B
S 3.2 cm T
(i) Draw a line ST = 3.2 cm. Take S as a centre and draw
an arc 2.5 cm. Take T as a centre draw another arc
3.1 cm which cuts the previous arc at O.
(ii) Join OS and OT
4.2 cm

4.2 cm

(iii) Produce OS to U and OT to V

m
2
7.

(iv) OS = OV and OT = OV (diagonal of parallelogram

bisect each other)
(v) Join TU, UV and VS
D 5.2 cm C (vi) Therefore STUV is a required parallelogram.

102 Math Made Easy-8

 (b) V U (i) Draw a line PR (diagonal) = 5 cm.
(ii) Draw another diagonal QS = 6.2 cm which cuts the
previous diagonal at 40°

4 .9 c
(iii) Join PQ, QR, RS and SP

cm

m
(iv) Therefore PQRS is a required parallelogram.

2
6.
(b)

S 5.8 cm T
(i) Draw a line ST = 5.8 cm. Take S as a centre and draw P
an arc 6.2 cm.
(ii) Take T as a centre draw an arc 4.9 cm which cuts the
previous arc at U.
(iii) Take S as a centre drawn an arc 4.9 cm and Take U as 50°

6.
Q S

2
a centre draw another arc. 5.8 cm

cm
(iv) Join TU, UV and VS.
(v) Therefore STUV is a required parallelogram.
(c) V U
R
7.
2
m
O
m
8.2
(i) Draw a line (diagonal) QS = 5.8 cm.
S 6.2 cm T (ii) Draw another diagonal PR = 6.2 cm which cuts the
(i) Draw a line SU = 6.2 cm. previous diagonal at 50°
(ii) Take S as a centre draw an arc 4.1 cm.
(iii) Take T as a centre draw another arc 3.6 cm which cuts (iii) Join PQ, QR, RS and SP
the previous arc at O. (iv) Therefore PQRS is a required parallelogram.
(iv) Extend SO to 8.2 cm and TO to 7.2 cm because (OS
= OU) and (TO = OV) [diagonal of parallelogram bi- Crack the Code (pg–201)
sects each other]
(v) Join TU, UV and VS 1. Do it yourself.
(vi) Therefore STUV is a required parallelogram. D
2. (a) 5.2 cm
4. (a) S R
C
4.8 cm

m
5c
cm
4 cm

P Q 6.2

A 3.8 cm B
S

(i) Draw a line AB 3.8 cm.

40° (ii) Take a point A. Draw an arc then again take point B
P 5 cm R
draw another arc which cuts the previous arc at C.
cm

Join AC and BC.

6.2

(iii) Take point C. Draw an arc again take point A draw arc
Q
which cuts the previous arc at D.
(iv) Join CD and AD
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required quadrilateral.

Math Made Easy-8 103

 (b)

Calculation:
∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°

A + 45° + 100° + 85° = 360°
A + 230° = 360°
(i) Draw a line AB 4.1 cm. Take point A. Draw an arc 5.2 A = 360° – 230°
cm. = 130°
(ii) Again take point B draw another arc 5.1 cm which
(i) Draw a line AB 5.5 cm. Take point B. Draw an angle
cuts the previous arc at C. Join AC and BC.
45°. Join BC = 4.5 cm.
(iii) Take point B draw an arc 6.9 cm. Again take point A
(ii) Take a point C draw an angle 100°
draw an arc 6.2 cm which cuts the previous arc at D.
(iii) By calculation find angle A 130° and make an angle
(iv) Join AD, BD and CD
130° which cuts the previous line at D. Join AD.
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required quadrilateral.
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required quadrilateral.
(c)
(e)

(i) Draw a line AB 5.2 cm. Take point B draw an angle Calculation:
90°. With the help of campas and pencil. ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°
(ii) Draw a line BC = 5.1 cm. 120° + 45° + ∠C° + 85° = 360°
(iii) Take point C draw an arc 65°. Draw a line CD 6.5 cm. ∠C + 300° = 360°
(iv) Join AD. ∠C = 360° – 300°
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required quadrilateral. ∠C = 60°
(d) (i) Draw a line AB = 4.5 cm. Take a point A draw an
angle 120°.
(ii) Take a point B draw an angle 120°. Join BC = 5.5 cm.
(iii) By calculation find angle ∠C = 60° and make an angle
60°.
(iv) Draw a line from point A which cuts the previous line
at D. Joint AD and CD.
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required quadrilateral.
104 Math Made Easy-8
3. (i) Draw a line (diagonal) AC = 6.2 cm.
(ii) Now, draw another diagonal BD = 6.2 cm, which bi-
sects previous diagonal AC.
(iii) Join AB, BC, CD and DA.
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required square.
6.

(i) Draw a line AB = 5.4 cm.

(ii) Take a point A draw an angle 70°.
(iii) Join AD = 5.4 cm.
(iv) Take a point B draw an arc 5.4 cm and Take a piont D
draw an arc 5.4 cm which cuts the previous arc at C.
(v) Join BC and DC.
(vi) Therefore ABCD is a required rhombus.
4.
(i) Draw a line AB = 6 cm.
(ii) Take a point B draw an arc 60° and Join BC = 4.2 cm.
(iii) Take C as a centre draw an angle 120°.
(iv) Take A as a centre draw an arc which cuts the P line
at D.
(v) Join AD.
(vi) Therefore ABCD is a required Trapezium.
7.
Calculation:
dia. AC = 6 cm
6
AC = = 3 cm
2
dia. QS = 7 cm
7
OQ = = 3.5 cm
2
(i) Draw a line PQ = 5 cm.
(ii) Now, take P as centre draw an arc of 3 cm.
(iii) Take Q as centre draw an arc of 3.5 cm. Which inter-
sects at previous arc at point O.
(iv) Join OP and OQ
(v) Extend PO to R such that PR = 6 cm
(vi) Extend QO to S such that QS = 7 cm
(vii) Now join QR, RS and PS (i) Draw a line AC (diagonal) = 6.5 cm.
(viii) PQRS is a required parallelogram.
(ii) Draw an another diagonal BD = 7.4 cm, which bisects
5. the previous diagonal.
(iii) Join AB, BC, CD and DA = 5 cm.
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required rhombus.
8.

Math Made Easy-8 105

 (i) Draw a line AB = 5 cm. Take A as a centre draw an 12. (a)
angle 90°.
(ii) Now, B as a centre draw an angle 90°
(iii) Join BC = 4 cm and AD = 4 cm.
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required rectangle ABCD.
9.

(i) Draw a line AB = 5.5 cm. Take A as a centre draw an

angle 90°.
(ii) Take B as a centre draw another angle 90°.
(iii) Join BC, CD and AD are 5.4 cm
(iv) ABCD is a required square. (i) Draw a line AB = 9 cm
10. (ii) Take A as a centre draw an arc 15 cm and take as
centre B draw an angle 90° which cuts the arc at
point C
(iii) Take C as a centre, draw an arc 9 cm and Take as
centre draw an arc 12 cm which cuts the previous
arc at D
(iv) Join BC, CD and DA
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required rectangle.

(i) Draw a line AC (diagonal) = 5.8 cm. (b)

(ii) Draw another diagonal BD.
(iii) Which makes previous diagonal an angle 30°
(iv) Join AD and BC
(v) Therefore ABCD is a required parallelogram.
11.

(i) Draw a line AB = 2.5 cm. Take B as a centre to draw

an arc of 6.5 cm.
(i) Draw a line AB = 5 cm and take B as a centre draw an (ii) Now, C as a centre draw an angle 90° which cuts the
angle 80°. arc at D.
(ii) Join BC = 4 cm. (iii) Again take B as a centre draw an arc 6 cm and D as a
(iii) Take C as a centre draw an angle 100° centre draw an arc 2.5 cm which cuts the previous arc
(iv) Take A as a centre draw an arc which cuts the line at P at A.
(v) Join CD and AD (iv) Join AD and AB
(vi) Therefore ABCD is a required Trapezium. (v) Therefore ABCD is a required rectangle.
106 Math Made Easy-8
13. (a) (i) Draw a line (diagonal) AC = 6 cm.
(ii) Which bisected by another diagonal BD = 8 cm.
(iii) Join AB, BC, CD and DA
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required rhombus.
(b)

(i) Draw a line PQ = 6 cm. Take a point P draw an angle

90° and extend to S
(ii) Take Q as a centre draw an angle 90° and extend to R.
(iii) Join QR, RS and PS
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required rectangle.
(b)

(i) Draw a line AB = 4.8 cm. Take B as a central draw an

angle 120° and extend to 4.8 cm
(ii) Take A as a centre draw an angle 60° and extend to
4.8 cm.
(iii) Join CD.

(i) Draw a line PQ = 5.2 cm. Take P as a central draw an (iv) Therefore ABCD is a required rhombus.
angle 90° and extend to 5.2 cm 15.
(ii) Take Q as a centre draw an angle 90° and extend to
5.2 cm.
(iii) Join PS, QR and SR
(iv) Therefore PQRS is a required square.
14. (a)

(i) Draw a line PQ = 6.2 cm.

(ii) Take Q as a centre draw an angle 75° and extend to
4.2 cm.
(iii) Take R as a centre draw another angle 105° and extend
to 3.2 cm
(iv) Join RS and PS
(iv) Therefore ABCD is a required Trapezium.

 qq

Math Made Easy-8 107

 Chapter-15 : Area of Polygons
Check What You Know (pg–203) But PL = 1.5 cm
A. Base = 12 cm, Altitude = 8 cm and RM = 2.5 cm]
1
... Area of a triangle = 2 × base × altitude ... Area of quadrilateral PQRS = 2
1
× QS × (PL + RM)
1 1
= 2 × 12 × 8 = 2 × 5.5 × (1.5 + 2.5)
= 48 cm2 1
B. Base = 24 cm = 2 × 5.5 × 4
Corresponding altitude = 18 cm = 11 cm2
Area of a parallelogram = Base × Altitude
= 24 × 18 Instant Act (pg–206)
= 432 cm2 1. We have, height (h) = 15 m
C. Diameter of a circle = 7 cm One of the parallel side (b1) = 20 m
7 Let other parallel side (b2),
i.e. radius of a circle (r) = 2 cm
... Area of a circle = πr2 1
Area of a trapezium = 2 × (b1 + b2) × h
22 7 7
= 7 × 2 × 2 1
⇒ 480 = 2 × (20 + b2) × 15
77
= 2 = 38.5 cm2 ⇒ (20 + b2) × 15 = 960
D. Perimeter of a square = 84 cm 960
⇒ 20 + b2 = 15 = 64
i.e. 4 × side = 84
84 ⇒ b2 = 64 – 20 = 44 m
side = 4 = 21 cm
. Hence, other side is 44 m.
.. Area of square = (side)2
2. Length of the fence of a trapezium
= 21 × 21 = 441 cm2
i.e. perimeter = 120 m
Instant Act (pg–205)
... AB + BC + CD + DA = 120
1. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral in which,
⇒ AB + 48 + 17 + 40 = 120
AC = 28 cm
D C ⇒ AB + 105 = 120
F ⇒
6.8

AB = 120 – 105 = 15 m
cm

. 1
. . Area of the field ABCD = 2 × (AD + BC) × AB
8
cm

E 1
= 2 × (40 + 48) × 15
A B 1
= 2 × 88 × 15
DE ⊥ AC and BF ⊥ AC = 44 × 15
i.e. DE = 6.8 cm and BF = 8 cm = 660 m2
1
So, area of the quadrilateral = 2 ×AC(DE + BF) 3. Let the parallel sides be x m and 2x m, then the area of the
= 2 × 28 × ]6.8 + 8g trapezium shaped field = 10,500 m2
1

= 14 × 14.8 1
i.e. 2 × (x + 2x) × 100 = 10500
= 207.2 cm2 ⇒ 50 × 3x = 10500
2. Here, QS = 5.5 cm (given) 10500
R ⇒ x = 150 = 70
Hence, the lengths of the sides along the river are 70 m
and 140 m.
2.5 cm
Instant Act (pg–207)
L M
Q 5.5 cm S (i) ... AB= CD = 16 cm  [... ABCD is a parallelogram]
1.5 cm ... Area of parallelogram = 64 cm2

P 16 × h1 = 54
64
... Let PL ⊥ QS and RM ⊥ QS. h1 = 16 = 4 cm

108 Math Made Easy-8

(ii) ... BC = 5 cm and area of parallelogram = 64 cm2 Instant Act (pg–209)
... Base × height = 64 1. D
⇒ 5 × h2 = 64
64 2 cm
⇒ h2 = 5 C 4 cm
H
⇒ h2 = 12.8 cm
2 cm
Instant Act (pg–208) 3 cm
G E
1. Length of each side = 6 cm, Altitude = 3.5 cm
1 cm
... Area of rhombus = Base (side) × height (altitude)
3 cm
= 6 × 3.5 F
B
2 4 cm
= 21 cm
2.
Let diagonals of a rhombus be d1 and d2, then

d1 = 8 cm and d2 = 6 cm A
1
...
1
Area of rhombus = 2 × d1 × d2 Area of ∆ABF= 2 × AF × BF

1 1
= 2 × 8 × 6 = 24 cm2 = 2 × 4 × 3
Since, we know that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect = 6 cm2
each other at 90. 1
Area of ∆AGE = 2 × AG × GE
Let ABCD be a rhombus, then ∠AOD = 90º, OD = 3 cm 1
= 2 × 5 × 3
and OA = 4 cm.
D 15
C = 2 = 7.5 cm2
m
4c 1
Area of ∆DGE = 2 × DG × GE
3
cm

1
O = 2 × 4 × 3
3
cm

m
4c = 6 cm2
A B 1
Area of ∆DHC = 2 × DH × CH
In ∆AOD, by Pythagoras theorem, 1
= 2 × 2 × 4
AD2 = OA2 + OD2
= 4 cm2
= (4)2 + (3)2
1
= 16 + 9 = 25 Area of trapezium BCHF = 2 × HF × (CH + BF)
1
... AD = 5 cm = 2 × (2 + 1) × (4 + 3)
So, perimeter of a rhombus = 4 × AD 1
= 2 × 3 × 7
= 4 × 5 = 20 cm 21
= 2 = 10.5 cm2
... Perimeter of a rhombus = 40 cm
3. Hence, area of the pentagon ABCDE
40
... Side of a rhombus = 4 = 10 cm = (6 + 7.5 + 6 + 4 + 10.5) cm
Let ABCD be a rhombus, then AB = 10 cm, DE = 5.6 cm = 34 cm2
D C 2. P

2 cm
5.6 cm 3 cm Q
D
1 cm
O 6 cm C
AE B

2 cm
...Area of rhombus ABCD = AB × DE
5 cm
= 10 × 5.6 = 56 cm2 B R
1
...
2 cm
Area of rhombus = 2 × d1 × d2
4 cm
1 A
56 = 2 × 7 × d2 N
3 cm
56 × 2
d2 = 7 = 16 cm
Hence, the length of the other diagonal is 16 cm. M

Math Made Easy-8 109

 1 3. ... Area of parallelogram = 72 cm2
Area of ∆MNA= 2 × NA × AM

1 ... Base × Altitude = 72
= 2 × 4 × 3
⇒
12 × Altitude = 72
= 6 cm2
72

1
Area of ∆MBR = 2 × MB × BR ⇒ Altitude = 12 = 6 cm
1 4. Area of a rhombus = 24 sq. cm
= 2 × 5 × 5
1
= 2 = 12.5 cm2
25 2 × d1 × d2 = 24
1
1 ⇒ 2 × 8 × d2 = 24
Area of ∆POC = 2 × PC × OC
1 ⇒
4d2 = 24
= 2 × 3 × 6
⇒
d2 = 6
= 9 cm2
1 Hence, other diagonal is 6 cm.
Area of ∆PDQ = 2 × PD × DQ 1
1 5. Area of a rhombus = 2 × d1 × d2
= 2 × 2 × 3 = 3 cm2 1
1 = 2 × 15 × 9  [... d means diagonal]
Area of trapezium ACON = 2 × AC × (OC + NA) 135
1 = 2 = 67.5 cm2
= 2 × (2 + 2) × (6 + 4)
1 MCQs (pg–210)
= 2 × 4 × 10 = 20 cm2 1
1 Area of a rhombus = 2 × d1 × d2
1.
Area of trapezium BDQR = 2 × BD × (DQ + BR)
1
1 = 2 × 10 × 12 = 60 cm2
= 2 × (2 + 1) × (3 + 5)
1 Hence, option (a) is correct.
= 2 × 3 × 8
2.
Base = 14 cm, Altitude = 8 cm
= 12 cm2
Area of parallelogram = Base × Altitude
Hence, area of hexagon MNOPQR
= (6 + 12.5 + 9 + 3 + 20 + 12) = 14 × 8 = 112 cm2

= 62.5 cm2 Hence, option (b) is correct.

3. Each side of a regular octagon = 7 m Area of trapezium = 105 cm2
3.
1
Area of two trapeziums = 2 × Area of trapezium 2 × Altitude × (Sum of parallel sides) = 105
= 2 × 2 × 5 × (7 + 12)
1 ⇒ Altitude × (14 + 7) = 210
210
= 5 × 19 = 95 m2 ⇒ Altitude = 21 = 10 cm
Area of rectangle ADEH = AD × DE Hence, option (a) is correct.
= 12 × 7 Crack the code (Page no. 210)
= 84 m2 1
1.
Area of trapezium = 2 × Altitude × (Sum of parallel
Hence, total area = (95 + 84) m2 sides)
= 179 m2 1
= 2 × 10 × (16 + 7)
Mental Maths (pg–210)
= 5 × 23 = 115 cm2
1. (8 × 3.5) cm2 = 28 cm2
2. Let the length of the other parallel side be x cm.
2. Let ABCD be a square, in which AC = 16 cm and B = 90º,
Height (h) = 12 cm
D C
One parallel side (a) = 25 cm
cm
16 ... Area of trapezium = 240 cm2

A B ⇒

1 ] g
2 × h × a + x = 240
1
then AB2 + BC2 = 162 (Using Pythagoras theorem) ⇒ 2 × 12 × (25 + x) = 240

2AB2 = 256 ⇒
6(25 + x) = 240
AB2 = 128
⇒
25 + x = 40
i.e. Area = (side)2 = 128 cm2
⇒
x = 40 – 25 = 15
Hence, area of square = 128 cm2
Hence, the length of the other parallel side is 15 cm.

110 Math Made Easy-8

3. We have, diagonals : (ii) Since AECD is a rectangle, then area of rectangle

d1 = 22 cm and d2 = 26 cm AECD = AE × EC = 5 × 4 = 20 m2.
1 1
... Area of a rhombus = 2 × d1 × d2 and area of right angled triangle = 2 × Base × height
1 1
= 2 × 22 × 26 = 2 × 3 × 4 = 6 m2
= 11 × 26 = 286 cm2 ... Area of quadrilateral ABCD = (20 + 6) m2
4. Give, one diagonal (d1) of rhombus = 12 cm = 26 m2
1
Let the length of other diagonal be x cm, 8.
Area of a trapezium = 2 × distance between two parallel
Then, the area of a rhombus = 96 cm2 sides × Sum of two parallel sides
1
⇒
1 ⇒
660 = 2 × d × (28 + 16)
2 × d1 × d2 = 96 1
⇒
1 ⇒
2 × d × 44 = 660
2 × 12 × x = 96 660
⇒

96
x = 6 = 16 cm ⇒
d = 22 = 30
Hence, the length of other diagonal is 16 cm. Hence, the distance between two parallel sides is 30 m.
5. The perimeter of a rhombus = 52 cm 9. Let the height of the trapezium be h m.
52 Then, the area of a trapezium = 220 m2.
Side of a rhombus = 4 = 13 cm
2 × h × ]20 + 25g = 220
1
One of its diagonal (d1) = 10 cm
C B h × 45 = 220 × 2
440
h = 45
O h = 9.8 m  (Approx)
D A 10. Let one parallel side be x cm, then other parallel side
i.e., OA = 5 cm (x + 6) cm.
 [... diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other] ... Area of a trapezium = 120 cm2
and ∠AOB = 90º 1
⇒ 2 × 8 × (x + x + 6) = 120

In right angled DAOB,
OB2 = AB2 – OA2 ⇒
4(2x + 6) = 120
= (13)2 – (5)2 ⇒
2x + 6 = 30
= 169 – 25 ⇒
2x = 30 – 6 = 24
= 144 ⇒
x = 12
... OB = 144 = 12 cm ∴ Length of one parallel side is 12 cm.
Hence, the length of other diagonal (d2) = 2 × 12 cm Then length of other parallel side is 18 cm.
= 24 cm D
11.
6. Side (s) = 12 m
30 m
3 3 2
E 50 m I
Area of a hexagon = 2 × (side) 30 m
= 2 × ]12g2
3 3 H C
80 m
3 3 50 m
= 2 × 144 50 m 90 m
F G
= 216 3 m2 40 m
7. In right ∆BEC,
A 80 m B
EC2 = BC2 – BE2
= (5)2 – (3)2 1
Area of ∆AGF = 2 × AG × FG

= 25 – 9 = 16
1
... EC = 4 m = 2 × 40 × 50
(i) Area of a trapezium ABCD = 1000 m2
1 1
= 2 × EC × (DC + AB) Area of ∆DHC = 2 × DH × HC
1 1
= 2 × 4 × (5 + 8) = 2 × 60 × 80
= 2 × 13 = 26 m. = 2400 m2

Math Made Easy-8 111

 1 800 × 480
Area of ∆DIE = 2 × DI × IE No. of square shaped tiles needed =
128
1 = 3000
= 2 × 30 × 50
= 750 m2 ∴ Cost of 3000 tiles = ` 3000 × 28
Area of rectangle ABCH = AB × BC = ` 84000
= 80 × 90 = 7200 m2 Hence, square shaped tiles have less cost and
Area of rectangle EFGI = FG × GI `(96000 – 84000) = ` 12000 saved by choosing the right
= 50 × 80 = 4000 m2 type tiles over the other.
Area of the field = (1000 + 2400 + 750 + 7200 + 4000) m2 3. Area of 4 walls of a room = 2(l + b) × h
= 15,350 m2 = 2(5.8 + 4.4) × 4
HOTS (pg–211) = 8 × 10.2
1. For Jyoti’s diagram, = 81.6 m2
1 Area of 2 windows = 2 × (1) = 2 m2
Area of two trapezium = 2 × 2 × Distance × (Sum of Area of 2 doors = 2 × (2 × 1) = 4 m2
 parallel sides) Area of walls = [81.6 – (2 + 4)] m2
= 7.5 × (15 + 30) = (81.6 – 6) m2
= 7.5 × 45 = 337.5 m2
= 75.6 m2
For Kavita’s diagram
Cost of white washing the room = ` 25 × 75.6
Area of square = (side)2
= ` 1890
= (15)2 = 225 m2­
1 Cross Curricular Connect (pg–211)
Area of triangle = 2 × base × height
A D
1
= 2 × 15 × 15
B C
225
= 2 = 112.5 m2
14 m
Total area = (225 + 112.5) m2 35 m
= 337.5 m2
No, there is no other way to find its area.
2. Length of a room = 8 m = 800 cm E H
Breadth of a room = 4.8 m = 480 cm F 120 m G
For using rhombus shaped tile; we need to find area of 1 tile.
1 Radius of inner semi circle, r = 35 m
∴ Area of 1 tile = 2 × d1 × d2 cm2
1 Width of the track = 14 m
= 2 × 16 × 12 cm2 Radius of outer semi-circle, R = (35 + 14) m
= 96 cm2 = 49 m
Area of a room = 800 × 480 cm2 Area of the rectangular cracks ABCD and EFGH
Area of room = 2 × (l × b)
No.of rhombus shaped tiles = Area of a tile = 2 × (14 × 120)
800 × 480 = 3360 m2
= 96 Area of the semi circular trucks
= 4000
∴ Cost of 4000 tiles = ` 4000 × 24 = 2 × (Area of the outer semicircle
= ` 96000 – Area of inner semicircle)
For using square shaped tile : 1 1 
= 2 ×  πR 2 − πr 2 
D C 2 2 
22 ]49 2 – 35 2g
= 7
cm

22
16

= 7 × 84 × 14
A = 3469 m2
B
Diagonal AC = 16 cm ∴ Area of the crack = 3360 + 3489
and ∠B = 90º = 7056 m2
So, AB2 + BC2 = (16)2  [Using Pythagoras theorem] Rate of relaying track = ` 15/m2
2AB2 = 256  [... Square case AB = BC] Then, total cost = Area × Rate
AB2 = 128 cm2 = 7056 × 15
i.e. Area of a square shaped tile = 128 cm2
= ` 1,05,840.

 qq

112 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-16 : Surface Area & Volume
Check What You Know (pg–213) Rate of painting = ` 250/m2
A. Side of a big cube = 64 cm cost of painting of the box = ` 250 × 6 × 2.4 × 2.4
Side of a small cube = 8 cm = ` 8640
Volume of a big cube 5. Total surface area of a cube = 1176 cm2
Number of small cubes = Volume of a small cube
i.e. 6(l)2 = 1176
64 × 64 × 64 1176
= 8 × 8 × 8 = 512. (l)2 = 6 = 196
B. Side of a cube = 5 cm l = 14
.
. .Surface area of a cube = 6(side)2 Hence, length of the side of a cube is 14 cm.
= 6 × 5 × 5 6. length (l) = 25 cm = 0.25 m
= 150 cm2 breadth (b) = 20 cm = 0.20 m
Instant Act (pg–217) and height (h) = 16 cm = 0.16 m
1. (a) Surface area of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl) Area of 1 tin sheet = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 2(6 × 3 + 3 × 1.5 + 1.5 × 6) = 2(0.25 × 0.20 + 0.20 × 0.16 + 0.16 ×
= 2(18 + 4.5 + 9) 0.25)
= 63 m2 = 2(0.05 + 0.032 + 0.04)
(b) l = 42 cm, b = 2 × 10 cm = 20 cm = 0.244 m2
h = 1.5 × 10 cm = 15 cm Area of 20 tin sheets = 20 × 0.244
Surface area of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl) = 4.88 m2
= 2(42 × 20 + 20 × 15 + 15 × 42) Cost of 1 m2 of tin sheet = ` 15
= 2(840 + 300 + 630) Cost of 4.88 m2 of tin sheet = ` 15 × 4.88
= 3540 cm2 = ` 73.20
2
2. (a) Surface area of a cube = 6(l) Hence, the cost of making 20 such tins is ` 73.20.
= 6(15)2, where l = 15 cm 7. Breadth of a cuboid, (b) = 6 m
= 6 × 225 and height, (h) = 2m
= 1350 cm2 Let the length of a cuboid be l, then total surface area of a
(b) Surface area of a cube = 6(l)2 cuboid = 184 m2
= 6(2.4)2, where l = 2.4 m ⇒ 2(l × b + b × h + h × l) = 184
= 6 × 2.4 × 2.4 ⇒ 2(l × 6 + 6 × 2 + 2 × l) = 184
⇒
2(6l + 12 + 2l) = 184
= 34.56 m2
⇒
8l + 12 = 92
(c) Surface area of a cube = 6(l)2
⇒
8l = 92 – 12 = 80
= 6(5)2, where l = 5 dm
⇒
l = 10
= 6 × 25 = 150 dm2 Hence, the length of the cuboid is 10 m.
3.
length (l) = 0.5 × 100 cm = 50 cm
Instant Act (pg–220)
breadth (b) = 35 cm, height (h) = 25 cm
Area of the cardboard = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l) 1. (a) Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h
= 2(50 × 35 + 35 × 25 + 25 × 50) = 15 × 13 × 8
= 1560 cm3
= 2(1750 + 875 + 1250)
(b) Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h
= 7750 cm2
= (11.5 × 8 × 6.2) m3
24
4. Side of a cube, (l) = 24 dm = 10 m = 2.4 m = 570.4 m3
Surface area of a box = 6(l)2 (c) Volume of a cube = (side)3
= 6 × 2.4 × 2.4 m2 = (11)3 = 1331 cm3

Math Made Easy-8 113

2. Volume of the tank = (80 × 65 × 45) cm3 7.
Total water needed = No. of inhabitants × water consumption
= 234000 cm3  per person per day
234000 = 25000 × 125
... Capacity of the water in the tank = 1000 l
= 3125000 litres per day
= 234 litres
Total capacity of the tank = Total water needed per day ×
3. Volume of a box = (1.5 × 100 × 2.25 × 100 × 75) cm3  No. of days
= (150 × 225 × 75) cm3 = 3125000 × 2
Side of a cube = 25 cm = 62,50,000 litres
... Volume of the tank = length × breadth × depth
Volume of a cube = (side)3 = (25)3
1
= (25 × 25 × 25) cm3 (40 × 31.25 × depth) m3 = 6250000 × 1000
Number of cubes that can be filled
6250
Depth = 40 × 31.25 m
Volume of a box = 5 m
= Volume of a cube
150 × 225 × 75 Hence, depth of the tank is 5 m.
= 25 × 25 × 25
8. Volume of the cuboid = Base area × height
= 6 × 9 × 3 = 162 = 11 dm2 × 0.2 dm
4. Volume of a cuboid = (27 × 18 × 12) cm3 = 2.2 dm3
Edge of one small cube = 6 cm ... Volume of cylindrical wire = πr2h
Volume of small cube = (6)3 cm3 0.25
where, radius (r) = 2 = 0.125 cm
= (6 × 6 × 6) cm3 = 0.0125 dm
Volume of a cuboid
∴ Number of small cubes formed = Volume of a cube ... Volume of the cuboidal piece of brass = Volume of the
27 × 18 × 12  cylindrical wire
= 6 × 6 × 6 22
2.2 dm3 = 7 × 0.0125 × 0.0125 × h
= 27
2.2 × 7
5. For square base : h = 22 × 0.0125 × 0.0125
length (l) = breadth (b) = 5 cm h = 4480 dm
and height (h) = 12 cm Hence, the length of the wire is 4480 dm.
Then, volume of can of tin = l × b × h
Mental Maths (pg–221)
= 5 ×5 × 12
= 300 cm3 1. Volume of a cube = (side)2
For circular base : = (1)3 = 1 cm3
Radius (r) = 3.5 cm 2. Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h
and height (h) = 10 cm = (1 × 2 × 3) cm3
Volume of circular tin can = πr2h = 6 cm3
= 7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 10
22 3. Surface area of a cube = 6(side)2
= 385 cm3 = 6(1)2
A circular tin can has greater capacity (385 – 300) cm3 = = 6 cm2
85 cm3. 4. Surface area of a cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
6. Area of roof = (24 × 16) m2 = 2(2 × 1 + 1 × 1 + 1 × 2)
= 384 m2 = 2 × (2 + 1 + 2)
... Radius of the tank (r) = 7 m = 2 × 5
Volume of the cylindrical tank = πr2h = 10 cm2
10 5. Radius (r) = 7 cm, height (h) = 10 cm
Volume of rain in a day = 384 × 100 m3
Volume of a cylinder = πr2h
= 38.4 m3 22
22 = 7 × 7 × 7 × 10
Then, 7 × 7 × 7 × h = 38.4, = 1540 cm3
where ‘h’ is the rise of water level in the tank 6. Radius (r) = 7 cm, height (h) = 10 cm
⇒
154h = 38.4 curved surface area of a cylinder = 2πrh
38.4 22
⇒
h = 154 m = 2 × 7 × 7 × 10
⇒
h = 0.25 m  (approx) = 440 cm2

114 Math Made Easy-8

MCQs (pg–221) (c) l = 8 dm = 80 cm
1. Side of a cube (s) = 0.01 m = 1 cm b = 6 dm = 60 cm
Volume of a cube = (s)3 h = 0.5 dm = 5 cm
Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h
= (1)3 = 1 cm3
= (80 × 60 × 5) cm3
Hence, option (d) is correct.
= 24000 cm3
2. Volume of a water storage tank = l × b × h 24000
= 1000 l = 24 l
= (5 × 4 × 3) m3
(d) l = 0.8 dm = 8 cm
= 60 m3
b = 8 cm
= 60000 litre 80
Hence, option (d) is correct. h = 80 mm = 10 cm = 8 cm
Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h or (side)3
3. Total surface area = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= (8)3 cm3
= 2(10 × 8 + 8 × 2.5 + 2.5 × 10)
= 512 cm3
= 2(80 + 20 + 25)
2. (a) Volume of a cube = (side)3
= 2 × 125 = 250 cm2
= (2.5)3 m3
Hence, option (d) is correct. = (2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5) m3
Diameter 7 = 15.625 m3
4. Radius (r) = 2 = 2 = 3.5 m
Height (h) = 5 m (b) Volume of a cube = (side)3
Volume of water in the tank = πr2h = (50)­3 = (50 × 50 × 50) cm3
22 = 125000 cm3
= 7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 5
(c) Volume of a cube = (side)3
= 192.5 m3
= (20)3 dm3
Hence, option (a) is correct. = (20 × 20 × 20) dm3
5. Outer radius (R) = 3 cm = 8000 dm3
Inner radius (r) = 2 cm 3. Volume of an iron block = 105 cm3
Length (h) = 7 cm i.e. length × breadth × height = 105
Volume of the metal in the pipe = π × h(R2 – r2) ⇒ 7 × 5 × h = 105
= 7 × 7 6]3g2 – ]2g2@
22 105
⇒ h = 7×5 = 3
= 22 × (9 – 4) Hence, the height of the block is 3 cm.
= 22 × 5 = 110 cm3 4. Side = 0.5 m
Hence, option (c) is correct. The volume of a cubical block = (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5) m3
6.
Radius (r) = 3.5 cm and height (h) = 7 cm = 0.125 m3
... Weight = Volume × Density
Total surface area of a cylinder = 2πr(h + r)
22 = 0.125 × 900
= 2 × 7 × 3.5 × (7 + 3.5)
= 112.5 kg
= 22 × 10.5
Hence, a cubical block of ice with a side 0.5 m would
= 231 cm2 weight 112.5 kg.
Hence, option (c) is correct. 25
5. Length (l) = 25 cm = 100 m = 0.25 m
Crack the code (pg–222) 20
Breadth (b) = 20 cm = 100 m = 0.20 m
1. (a) Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h 12
= (12 × 9 × 8) cm3 Height (h) = 12 cm = 100 m = 0.12 m
Surface area of a cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 864 cm3
= 2(0.25 × 0.20 + 0.20 × 0.12 + 0.12 ×
(b) l = 1m 50 cm = 1 × 100 cm + 50 cm 0.25)
= 150 cm = 2(0.05 + 0.024 + 0.03)
b = 1.2 m = 1.2 × 100 cm = 120 cm = 2 × 0.104 = 0.208 m2
h = 0.9 m = 0.9 × 100 cm = 90 cm 6. Side of a cube = 12 cm
Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h Total surface area of a cube = 6(side)2
= (150 × 120 × 90) cm3 = 6(12)2
= 1620000 cm3 = 6 × 144 = 864 cm2

Math Made Easy-8 115

 Lateral surface area of a cube = 4(side)2
Total surface area = 2πr(r + h)
= 4(12)2 22
= 2 × 7 × 3.5(3.5 + 12)
= 4 × 144 = 576 cm2
= 341 m2
7. Length (l) = 12 m, breadth (b) = 8 m and height (h) = 3 m
Area to be white washed 4 walls = Area of 4 walls – Area 11. Diameter of the roller = 60 cm
 of 2 doors – Area of 2 windows. Radius of the roller (r) = 30 m = 0.3 m
... Area of 4 walls = 2(l + b) × h Length of the roller (h) = 2.1 m
= 2(12 + 8) × 3 = 120 m2 Distance covered in one revolution
Area of 2 doors = 2 × 2.5 × 1.5 = 7.5 m2 = circumference of the circular path
Area of 2 windows = 2 × 1.5 × 1.5 = 4.5 m2 = 2πr
... Area to be white washed 4 walls = 2 × 3.14 × 0.3
= [120 – (7.5 + 4.5)] m2 = 1.9 m (approx)
= (120 – 12)m2 = 108 m2 Total distance cover in 150 revolutions
Rate of white washing per m2 = ` 25 = 150 × 1.9 m
Cost of white washing 108 m2 = ` 25 × 108 = 285 m
= ` 2700
So, area of the road = length × breadth
Area of roof = l × b
= 285 × 2.1
= 12 × 8
= 598.5 m2
= 96 m2
Cost of white washing the roof = ` 25 × 96 12. Length (l) = 6 m, breadth (b) = 4 m and height (h) = 2.5 m
= ` 2400 Area of the walls of a room = 2(l + b) × h
Total cost of white washing = ` (2700 + 2400) = 2(6 + 4) × 2.5
= ` 5100 = 50 m2
8. Area of base of the cuboid = (80 × 40) cm2 Cost of painting per square metre = ` 25
= 3200 cm2 ∴Cost of painting 50 square metre = ` 25 × 50
Area of both side faces = 2 × (80 × 30) cm2 = ` 1250
= 4800 cm2 13. Length (l) = 12 m, breadth (b) = 10 m
Area of back face = (80 × 40) cm2 and height (h) = 6.5 m
= 3200 cm2 Area of the floor = l × b
Total area of paper needed = (3200 + 4800 + 3200) cm2 = 12 × 10 = 120 m2
= 11200 cm2
Area of 4 walls = 2(l + b) × h
9. length (l) = 80 cm, breadth (b) = 48 cm
= 2(12 + 10) × 6.5
and height (h) = 24 cm
= 13 × 22 = 286 m2
Total surface area of 1 suitcase = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
Hence, the sum of the areas of floor and 4 walls
= 2(80 × 48 + 48 × 24 + 24 × 80)
= (120 + 286) m2
= 2(3840 + 1152 + 1920)
= 2 × 6912 = 13824 cm2 = 406 m2
Total surface area of 100 suitcase = 100 × 13824 cm2 14. Length (l) = 8 m, breadth (b) = 7 m
= 13,82,400 cm2 and height (h) = 5 m
Total surface area Area of 2 doors = 2 × (2 × 1) m2
Total length of tarpaulin = Width of the tarpaulin
= 4 m2
1382400 Area of 3 windows = 3 × (1.5 × 0.5) m2
= 96 cm
= 14400 cm = 3 × 0.75 m2 = 2.25 m2
14400 Area of 4 walls = 2(l + b) × h
= 100 m = 144 m.
10. Height (h) = 12 m = 2(8 + 7) × 5 m2
= 150 m2
Diameter = 7 m
7 Total area to be painted = [150 – (4 + 2.25)] m2
Radius (r) = 2 = 3.5 m = (150 – 6.25) m2
Curved surface area = 2πrh = 143.75 m2
22 Cost of painting = ` 12 × 143.75
= 2 × 7 × 3.5 × 12
= 264 m2 = ` 1,725

116 Math Made Easy-8

15. Length (l) = 30 m, breadth (b) = 10 m 2.1
20. Radius (r) = 2 m and depth (h) = 14 m
and height (h) = 5 m
Area to be plastered = 2πr(h + r)
Area of floor = l × b
= 2 × 7 × 2 b14 + 2 l
22 2.1 2.1
= (30 × 10) m2 = 300 m2
= 6.6 b 28 2 2.1 l
Area of sides = 2(l + b) × h +
= 2(30 + 10) × 5
= 6.6 b 2 l
30.1
= 400 m2
Total area of floor and sides = (300 + 400) m2 = 99.33 m2
Total cost of plastering the well
= 700 m2
= ` 8 × 99.33
Total cost of cementing of floor and sides = ` 25 × 700 = ` 794.64
= ` 17,500 21. 44 cm
16. The perimeter of the floor = 250 m
i.e. 2(l + b) = 250
Height (h) = 8 m 20 cm
Area of 4 walls = 2(l + b) × h
= 250 × 8
∴ 2πr = 44 cm
= 2000 m2
Cost of painting of 4 walls = ` 5 × 2000 44 44 × 7
r = 2r = 2 × 22 = 7 cm
= ` 10,000 Height (h) = 20 cm
17. Let the length of edge of a cube be S, then total surface Lateral surface area = 2πrh
area of a cube = 6(l)2 = 6S2 unit2 22
= 2 × 7 × 7 × 20
(a) Edge (l) = 2S, then = (44 × 20) cm2
Total surface area of a cube = 6(2S)2 = 880 cm2
= 6 × 4S2 22. Dimensions of road roller :
= 24S2 unit2 1.4
Radius (r) = 2 m = 0.7 m
Hence, if the length of the edge of a cube is doubled,
then the total surface area of a cube will be four times. Width or height (h) = 4 m
1 Curved surface area of the road roller
(b) Edge (l) = 2 S
Then, surface area of a cube = 6 b 2 Sl
1 2 = 2πrh

22
1 = 2 × 7 × 0.7 × 4
= 6 × 4 S 2 unit2
= 17.6 m2
Hence, if the length of its edge is halved, then the total Area of playground = 70 × 44 m2
surface area of the cube will become one fourth time.
Now, minimum number of complete revolutions
18.
Height (h) = 20 cm, Radius (r) = 14 cm Area of the playground
Curved surface area = 2πrh = Curved surface area of road roller
22 70 × 44
= 2 × 7 × 14 × 20 cm2 = 17.6 = 175
= 1760 cm2 Hence, 175 revolutions will be taken.
Total surface area of a cylinder = 2πr(r + h) 23. Length of the metal pipe (h) = 70 cm
22 4
= 2 × 7 × 14 (14 + 20) Inner radius (r1) = 2 cm = 2 cm
= 88 × 34 = 2992 cm2 4.8
Outer radius (r2) = 2 cm = 2.4 cm
19. Radius of the cylinder (r) = 0.7 m
(a) Inner surface area = 2πr1h
Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2πr × height 22
= 2 × 7 × 2 × 70
22
4.4 m2 = 2 × 7 × 0.7 × height = 880 cm2
(Given, LSA = 4.4 m2) (b) Outer surface area = 2πr2h
⇒ 4.4 × height = 4.4 22
= 2 × 7 × 2.4 × 70
4.4
∴ Height = 4.4 = 1 m. = 1056 cm2

Math Made Easy-8 117

 (c) Total surface area = (Inner + Outer) surface area 2rr h
Then, ratio of curved surface areas = 2rr1 h1
= (880 + 1056) m2 2 2

2x × 3y 2
= 1936 m2 = 3x × 5y = 5
Cross curricular connect (pg–223) Hence, ratio of CSA = 2 : 5
rr12 h1
Radius of tin (r) = 7 cm Then, ratios of their volumes =
rr22 h2
Height of tin (h) = 20 cm 4x 2 × 3y 4
= = 15
Circumference of the cylindrical tin = 2πr 9x 2 × 5y
22 Hence, ratios of volumes = 4 : 15
= 2 × 7 × 7 = 44 cm
3. For cylindrical piece of metal,
Total height of the label = 20 – 5 – 5 = 10 cm
Length of metal (H) = 30 cm
Therefore, the dimensions of label are 10 cm × 44 cm
radius (R) = 14 cm
Area of each label = length × width
Volume of piece of metal = π(14)2 × 30 cm3
= (10 × 44) cm2
For coin, diameter = 1.4 cm
Area of each sheet = (60 × 44) cm2 1.4
Then, radius of coin (r) = 2 = 0.7 cm
∴ Number of labels can be made
Thickness (G) = 0.3 cm
Total area of 100 sheets
= Area of each label . Volume of metal
. . No. of coins for metal = Volume of one coin
100 × 60 × 44
= 10 × 44 r × 14 × 14 × 30
= r × 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.3
= 600 = 40,000.
HOTS (pg–223) 4.
7
Radius of well (r) = 2 m = 3.5 m
1. Given, length of the diagonal of a cube = 8 2 Depth of well (h) = 20 m
But, s 3 = 8 2 , where s is the side of the cube. Volume = πr2h = π × (3.5)2 × 20 m3
8 2 Now, the embankment is formed by spreading this earth in
s= a ring around the well.
3
So, surface area of a cube = 6(s)2 So, volume of the embankment = Volume of the earth
 removed from the well
= 6 e o
2
8 2
3 Let the height of the embankment be H, then the radius of
6 × 64 × 2 the embankment (R) = radius of the well + width of the
= 3 embankment
= 256 cm2 = 3.5 + 3.5 = 7 m
2. r1 : r2 = 2:3 So, volume of the embankment = π × (7)2 × H
i.e. r1 = 2x and r2 = 3x ... π(7)2H = π(3.5)2 × 20
and h1 : h2 = 3:5 3.5 × 3.5 × 20
H= 7×7 =5m
i.e. h1 = 3y and h2 = 5y Hence, height of the embankment is 5 m.
 qq

118 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-17 : Data and Its Representation
Instant Act (pg–227)
1. (a) Class size is 5.
(b) Class 35-40 has the highest frequency.
(c) Class 30-35 has the lowest frequency.
65 + 70 135
(d) Class mark = 2 = 2 = 67.5
2. (a) Lower limit of the first class is 16.
(b) Class limits of the fourth class interval is 31-35.
46 + 50 96
(c) Class mark = 2 = 2 = 48
(d) Class size is 4.
(e) Frequency of class interval 46-50 is 4.
Instant Act (pg–230)
Scale : On y-axis: 1 cm = 5 frequency
1. Y
Instant Act (pg–236)
1. (a) Studies
(b) Games and laboratory
(c) Either assembly or lunch
30 (d) 2.5 hours
25
25 2.
20 Transport Number of Central Angle
frequency

20 17
15 to School students
15
12 Walk 400 400
10 2000 × 360° = 72°
5 Bus 1000 1000
2000 × 360° = 180°
5

0 X Bicycle 200 200

60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000 × 360° = 36°
Time (in min) Metro 300 300
2000 × 360° = 54°
Scale : On y-axis: 1 cm = 5 frequency Car 100 100
2. Y 2000 × 360° = 18°
2000
25 (i) Draw a circle of any convenient radius.
(ii) Draw a horizontal radius of this circle.
17
frequency

20
15
8 10
10 9
5 5
5

0 X
25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Distance (in m)
Instant Act (pg–232)
1. (a) 2 3.
(b) 8 Items No. of books Central Angle
(c) 6 + 3 = 9
(d) 70 – 80, there are 3 students in this interval Animal Stories 80 80
(e) Class size = 10. 200 × 360° = 144°
2. Draw the bars with heights equal to the number of students Adventure books 40 40
corresponding to marks. 200 × 360° = 72°

Math Made Easy-8 119

 2. Frequency distribution table is:
Items No. of books Central Angle
Science books 40 40 Class-Interval Frequency (f)
200 × 360° = 72°
Travel books 20 20
350-400 6
200 × 360° = 36°
Fiction books 20 20
400-450 5
200 × 360° = 36°
450-500 4
200
Draw a pie-chart:
500-550 4
550-600 4
600-650 5
650-700 1
700-750 1
Total 30
3. Frequency distribution table is:

C.I. Frequency

64-70 2
MCQs
1. The difference between the highest and the lowest value of 70-76 3
the observations is called range.
76-82 4
Hence, option (a) is correct.
2. (a)
82-88 5
3. (c) 88-94 4
4. (b)
94-100 2
5. (b)
100-106 5
6. (a)
120 100 1 106-112 2
7. 360° × 100% = 3 % = 33 3 %
option (a) is correct 112-118 1
Centre angle
8. No. of employees come by car = × Total
360° Total 28
employees
90° 4. Frequency distribution table is:
⇒ 215 = 360° × Total employees
∴ Total employees = 215 × 4 No. of members No. of families
C.I.
= 860
3-5 11
Hence, option (d) is correct.

Crack the Code (pg–237) 5-7 7

1. From the given table: 7-9 2
(a) Lower limit of class 60-70 is 60. Total 20
50 + 60 110
(b) Class mark of 50-60 = 2 = 2 = 55
(a) Smallest family size = 7 – 9, There are 2 families.
80 + 90 170
Class mark of 80-90 = 2 = 2 = 85. (b) Largest family size = 3 – 5, There are 11 families.
(c) Class size = 40 – 30 = 10 (c) 3 – 5

120 Math Made Easy-8

5. 9.
y Type of No. of Centre angle
Fruits students
Kiwi 26 26
90 × 360° =104°
Apple 30 30
90 × 360° = 120°
Orange 21 21
90 × 360° = 84°
Banana 5 5
90 × 360° = 20°
Pomegranate 8 8
`
90 × 360° = 32°
6. Total 90
y
Draw a pie chart:

Kiwi
Apple
104°
120°
32° Pomegra-
84° 20° nate
Ba
Orange na
na

10. (a) School Canteen

(b) One-fourth
90°
(c) 360° × 100% = 25%
` (d) Expenditure = 210°
Savings = 90°
210°
7. × 360°
Then, required ratio = 90°°
360
x
360° × 360°
y
21 = 7
= 9 3
11.
Season No. of votes Centre angle
Summer 90 90
360 × 360° = 90°
Winter 150 150
90 × 360° = 150°
Orange 120 120
360 × 360° = 120°
8. Total 360
(a) Winter season has got most votes.
y
(b) 90°, 150° and 120°.
(c)

Summer
Winter
150°
120°
Rainy

Math Made Easy-8 121

Everyday Math (pg–239) HOTS (pg–240)
1. Complete the table:
1.
Career No. of No. of Percentage
Dog No. of No. of Percentage
Choice students degrees
breeds Dogs Degrees
Medicine 10 10 10
200 200 150 × 360° 150 × 100%
Pomeranians 200 1000 × 360° 1000 × 100% 2
= 24° = 63 %
= 72° = 20%
Engineering 40 40 40
150 × 100%
250
1000 × 100%
250
Alsatians 250 1000 × 360° 150 × 360°
= 90° = 25% = 96°
2
= 26 3 %
100 100
1000 × 360° 1000 × 100%
100 Commerce 50 50 50
150 × 100%
Hounds
= 36° = 10° 150 × 360°
1
= 120° = 33 3 %
Terriers 100 36% 10%
Sciences 20 20 20
125 125 150 × 360° 150 × 100%
Dalmatians 125 1000 × 360° 1000 × 100%
= 45° 1
= 12 2 % = 48° 1
= 13 3 %
125 1 Humanities 30 30 30
150 × 100%
Bull dogs 45° 12 2 %
150 × 360°
Dachshunds 100 36° 10% = 72° = 20%
Total 1000 Total 150
Draw the pie-chart. 2. (a) The total degrees in a circle = 360°
The angle of sector representing
Votes for B = 120°
120° 1
∴ Fraction = 360° = 3 .
1
(b) If candidate B represents 3 fraction of the pie chart
and received 8000 votes then the total votes polled are :
3
= 8000 × 1
= 24,000
(c) If candidate C secured 20% of the votes.
Voter polled for Candidate C
20
= 100 × 24000
= 4800
qq

122 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-18 : Probability
Instant Act (pg–245) (b) Let E be the event of getting 5, then the number of
favourable outcomes i.e., n(E) = 1 total outcomes,
1. (a) Let E be the event that ‘number shows 7’, then the n(S) = 6
sample space consists of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and it is n (E) 1
∴ P(E) = n (S) = 6
impossible to get 7.
0 (c) Let E be the event of getting a prime number, then
Hence, P(7) = 6 = 0. the number of favourable outcomes i.e., n(E) = 2 total
(b) Let E be the event ‘number is less than 5’. outcomes, n(S) = 6
n (E) 2 1
Number of favourable outcomes to E = 4. ∴ P(E) = n (S) = 6 = 3
(Since, four faces of a die is marked 3. All possible outcomes in tossing a coin is 2.
with a number less than 5). (a) Let E be the event of chosing letter E from the given
word, then number of favourable outcomes, n(E) = 4.
4 2
Hence, P(E) = 6 = 3 . Total letters (outcomes) in the word
2. Let E be the event of ‘getting king’, then number of ‘PERSEVERANCE’, n(S) = 12
favourable outcomes, n(E) = 4 n (E) 4 1
∴ P (chosen letter E) = n (S) = 12 = 3
Total outcomes, n(S) = 52 (b) Let F be the event of getting letters consonants, the
n (E ) 4 1 favourable outcomes, n(E) = 9
Then, P(E) = n (S) = 52 = 13 .
3. Let E be the event of getting a prime numbers between 0 Total outcomes, n(S) = 11
9
and 20. ∴ P = 11 .
Then number of favourable outcomes (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, MCQs (pg–246)
17, 19) i.e., n(E) = 8 1. No. of red marbles = 5
Total outcomes, n(S) = 20 No. of blue marbles = 4
n (E) 8 2 No. of black marble = 1
Then P(E) = n (S) = 20 = 5 . Total number of marbles = 5 + 4 + 1 = 10
4. Total number of balls = No. of red balls + No. of white balls i.e., Total outcomes = n(S) = 10
i.e., total outcomes n(S) = 3 + 3 = 6 Favourable outcomes = No. of red marbles
(a) Let E be the event, that red colour ball taken out from + No. of blue marbles
the bag. i.e., n(E) = 5 + 4 = 9
n (E) 9
Then number of favourable outcomes, n(E) = 3 P (getting out a red or blue marble) = n (S) = 10
n (E) 3 1 Hence, option (C) is correct.
∴ P(E) = n (S) = 6 = 2
2. Total outcomes, n(S) = 52
(b) Let E be the event ‘white colour ball taken out
from the bag’, then number of favourable outcomes, Number of favourable outcomes, n(E) = Total no. of red
n(E) = 3 cards = 26
n (E) 26 1
n (E) 3 1 Hence, P (Number of red card) = n (S) = 52 = 2 .
Hence, P(E) = n (S) = 6 = 2 .
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Mental Maths (pg–245) 3. Total outcomes, n(S) = 52
1. Even numbers on a dice are 2, 3, 5 Number of favourable outcomes, n = Total no. of heart
i.e., n(E) = 3 cards = 13
Total outcomes, n(S) = 6 [∵ a dice has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] i.e., n(E) = 13
n (E) 13 1
n (E) Hence, P(E) = n (S) = 52 = 4 .
∴
P(E) = n (S)
3 1 Hence, option (b) is correct.
= 6 = 2. 4. Total outcomes, n(s) = 52
2. (a) Odd number on a dice are 1, 3, 5 i.e., favourable Number of favourable outcomes, n(E) = Number of the
outcomes n(E) = 3 queen of hearts card
i.e., n(E) = 1
Total outcomes n(S) = 6 n (E) 1
n (E) 3 1 Hence, P (Number of queen of heart) = n (S) = 52
∴ P(getting odd number) = n (S) = 6 = 2 .
Hence, option (c) is correct.

Math Made Easy-8 123

5. Total number of boxes = Total outcomes (f) Let J be the event draw ‘a king of club’, then the
i.e., n(S) = 20 favourable outcomes n(J) = 1.
Favourable outcomes, n(E) = 20 – 4 = 16 n (J ) 1
n (E) 16 4 ∴ P(a jack of spade) = n (S) = 52 .
∴ P(E) = n (S) = 20 = 5 .
(g) Let K be the event drawn card ‘not a face card’, then
Hence, option (c) is correct.
the favourable outcomes
Crack the code (pg–246)
n(K) = 52 – 12 = 40.
1. Total number of balls = 20
i.e., Total outcomes = n(S) = 20 n ( K) 40 10
∴ P(not a face card) = n (S) = 52 = 13 .
No. of red balls = 5
No. of black balls = 6 (h) Let L be the event that drawn card is not a jack of
No. of white balls = 20 – (5 + 6) = 9 diamond, then the favourable outcomes n(L) = 51
Let E be the event of getting a white ball, then favourable n (L) 51
outcomes, n(E) = 9 ∴ P(not a jack of diamond) = n (S) = 52 .
n (E) 9 6. No. of white balls = 15
Hence, P (a white ball) = n (S) = 20
2. Let E be the event of getting an even number, then the No. of blue balls = 10.
favourable outcomes, Total no. of balls i.e., total outcomes = n(S) = 25
n(E) = 3 [∵ Even numbers are 2, 4, 6 on a dice] (a) Let E be the event of drawing a ball not of blue colour,
Total outcomes on a dice, n(S) = 6 then favourable outcomes n(E) = 15
[∵ A dice has six numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] n (E) 15 3
n (E) 3 1 ∴ P(a ball not of blue colour) = n (S) = 25 = 5
∴ P(an even number) = n (S) = 6 = 2 .
(b) Let F be the event to draw a ball not of blue colour,
3. Total number of letters in the word ‘ENGLISH’ = 7
then favourable outcomes n(E) = 10
i.e., Total outcomes, n(S) = 7
Let E be the event ‘chosen letter S’, then favourable n (E) 10 2
∴ P(a ball not of white colour) = n (S) = 25 = 5
outcomes, n(E) = 1
n (E) 7. No. of red marbles = 3
1
Hence, P(E) = n (S) = 7 . No. of green marbles = 4
4. Total number of cards = 52 No. of blue marbles = 2
i.e., Total outcomes, n(S) = 52 Total no. of marbles i.e., Total outcomes, n(S) = 9
(a) Let E be the event that drawn card is red, then (a) Let E be the event picked the marble ‘not green’, then
favourable outcomes, n(E) = 26 the favourable outcomes n(E) = 3 + 2 = 5
n (E) 26 1 n (E) 5
Hence, P(E) = n (S) = 52 = 2 ∴ P(not green) = n (S) = 9
(b) Let F be the event that drawn card is black, then (b) Let F be the event picked the marble ‘not red’, then
favourable outcomes, n(F) = 26 the favourable outcomes n(F) = 4 + 2 = 6
n (F) 26 1 n (F)
Hence, P(F) = n (S) = 52 = 2 . ∴ P(not green) = n (S) = 9 = 3
6 2
5. Total number of cards = 52
(c) Let G be the event picked the marbles ‘not blue’, then
i.e., Total outcomes, n(S) = 52 the favourable outcomes n(G) = 4 + 3 = 7
(a) See the solution of Question 4.
n ( G) 7
(b) See the solution of Question 4. ∴ P(not green) = n (S) = 9 .
(c) Let G be the event of getting a red queen, then the
favorable outcomes, n(G) = 2 HOTS (pg–247)
n ( G) 2 1 Using the concept of independent events.
∴ P(a red queen) = n (S) = 52 = 26 .
(d) Let H be the event draw ‘an ace of black colour’ then ∴ There are 5 days in a week (Monday to Friday).
favourable outcomes n(H) = 2. ∴ The probability for each of them to visit the temple on
1
n (H)
∴ P(an ace of black colour) = n (S) = 52 = 26 .
2 1 any specific day = 5 .
(e) Let I be the event draw ‘a jack of spade’, then The probability that both visit on the same day is the
favourable outcomes n(I) = 1. product of their individual probabilities
n (I ) 1
1 1
= 5 × 5 = 25 .
1
∴ P(a jack of spade) = n (S) = 52 .
qq

124 Math Made Easy-8

 Chapter-19 : Introduction to Graphs
Check What you know (pg–250) (c)
A. 1. Friday, 100 cars parked.
2. No. of cars parked on Friday = 100
No. of cars parked on Saturday = 20
Difference = 100 – 20 = 80.
120°
B. 1. (i) Time spend in sleeping = 360° × 24 = 8 hours
90°
(ii) Time spend in studying = 360° × 24 = 6 hours ′

2. Meals, because time spend on meals

30°
= 360° × 24 = 2 hours
Instant Act (pg–254)
1. From the figure,
The coordinates of the points:
A (1, 1), B (2, 4), C (4, 6), D (6, 3) and E (8, 7)
′
2. (a) Here, LMNP is a rhombus.
As, LM = MN = NP = PL and diagonals LN and PM
bisect each other at 90°.
(d)

(i) Draw the X and Y coordinate axes and mark their ′

point of intersection as origin.

(ii) Set the points A, B, C and D is this graph. Join ′
Here, XYZUVW is a hexagon.
AB, BC, CD and DA.
3.
Here, AB = CD and AD = BC.
Hence, ABCD is a rectangle.
(b)

′
Here PQRS is a parallelogram. Yes, the line passes through the origin.

Math Made Easy-8 125

Instant Act (pg–259) 3. (a) The information is given in the graph : Distance –
1. Let x can be the side of a square and y be the perimeter of Time Graph
this square.
(b) Total distance covered by Ishan is :
Now, y = 4x
Then, the study of graph of y = 4x carefully. = (50 + 75 + 75 + 50 + 100) km
x y = 350 km
20 80 (c) Total time taken by Ishaan to cover this distance
40 160 = 10 hrs.
60 240 Total distance covered
(d) Average Speed =
Total time
80 320 350
= = 35 km/hr
100 400 10
X-axis: 1 cm = 10 cm (e) The horizontal part of the graph indicate the time of
Y-axis: 1 cm = 40 cm the day.
4.

Scale:
X-axis, 1 cm = 1 litre
Y-axis, 1 cm = ` 18

Hence, if the side of square is 70 cm, then its perimeter is

280 cm.
2. Principal (P) = ` 50,000 `

Rate (R) = 10% p.a. Locate the point corresponding to ` 126 on the y-axis.
50000 × 10 × 1 Draw a horizontal line from the point to meet the graph at
S.I. for 1 year = ` = ` 5000
100 X. From X, drop a vertical line perpendicular to the x-axis
50000 × 10 × 2 to meet it at y. Read the value of y, which is 7 litre. Hence,
S.I. for 2 year = ` = ` 10, 000
100 7l milk can be bought for ` 126.
50000 × 10 × 3
S.I. for 3 year = ` = ` 15, 000
100 Mental Maths (pg–260)
50000 × 10 × 4
S.I. for 4 year = ` = ` 20, 000 A. 1. expenditure done on stationary items
100
50000 × 10 × 5
S.I. for 5 year = ` = ` 25, 000 2. Chalk/pencil
100
3. ` (60 + 40 + 50 + 70 + 30) (in thousand) = ` 250 (in
Time (in years) 1 2 3 4 5
thousand)
S.I. (in `) 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
4. Writing items
70 7
Scale: 5. = = 7:6
X-axis, 1 cm = 1 year 60 6
Y-axis, 1 cm = ` 2500
B. 1. True 2. True 3. False
4. True 5. False
C. 1. False, In II quadrant the point is (–, +)
`

2. True,
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True

126 Math Made Easy-8

MCQs (pg–260) 5.
1. option (b) is correct
2. option (d) is correct
3. option (a) is correct
4. option (b) is correct ′

5. option (d) is correct

6. option (c) is correct
7. option (a) is correct
8. Putting (1, 3), y = 3x + 2
3=3×1+2=5
So, 3≠5 ′

Putting (–1, 1), y = 3x + 2

1 = 3 × (–1) + 2 6.
= –3 + 2 = –1
So, 1 ≠ –1
Putting (–1, –1), y = 3x + 2
–1 = 3 × –1 + 2
= –3 + 2 = –1
∴ Option (c) is correct
9. option (c) is correct
10. option (a) is correct
′
11. option (d) is correct

Crack the code (pg–262)

1. The coordinates of A = (1, 7)
The coordinates of B = (8, 8)
The coordinates of C = (5, 7) ′

The coordinates of D = (5, 5) (a) Yes, all the ordered pairs lie on a straight line.
The coordinates of E = (2, 3) (b) (–1, –2)
The coordinates of F = (4, 2) 7.
The coordinates of G = (7, 3)
The coordinates of H = (8, 6) Scale:
X-axis; 1 cm = 1 of an hour
2
The coordinates of I = (6, 1)
Y-axis; 1 cm = 2 km
2. (a) 5 (b) –2 (c) 8
(d) 2
3. (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 0
(d) 2
4. (a) Ist (b) IInd (c) IVth
(d) IIIrd

Math Made Easy-8 127

8. (a) HOTS (pg–263)
Scale: 1. The graph will have weight on the x-axis (in grams) and
X-axis, 1 cm = 1 unit
Y-axis, 1 cm = 5 unit stretch on the y-axis (in mm).
A straight line graph indicates that the relationship between
the weight applied and the stretch of the wire is directly
proportional.

(b) Scale:
X-axis, 1 cm = 1 unit
Y-axis, 1 cm = 1 unit

2. From the graph:

(a) The distance between two towns = (10 – 0) × 0.5 km
5
= 10 × = 5 km
′
10
Total distance
(b) Average speed of Varun =
Time taken
5 km
=
44 (approx)
 Time : 1 div. = 0.2 hr. (given)
′ = 0.114 km/min.
Total distance 5 km
(c) Average speed of Arun = =
9. (a) It represent the distance travelled in the particular time Time taken 60 min
= 5 km/hr
(b), (c), (d), (e)
(d) Varun and Arun meet each other at 6 × 0.5 km
See answers Instant Act on Page 259 as Q. 3. i.e., 3 km at 24 minutes.
qq

128 Math Made Easy-8