Nama: Zazkia Fathu Rachma

Kelas: XI.2

Rangkuman BIGL

A. Poem (sajak)

Poem is a way to make poetry more beautiful. While poetry is a literature work that has a form of
writing with connotative meanings and has rules.
Poem is not binding. Poem is also referred to as repetition of sounds.

Poem can be structure and without structure.

Poem has a few connotative meaning.

Structure of a poem consists of:

• rhyme, irama

• tone, nada

• theme, tema
• stanza, bait

• imagery, perumpamaan

B. Song

A song is a single (and often standalone) work of music intended to be sung bythe human voice
with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that
often include the repetition of sections.

The social function of song are:

 To entertain the listeners

 To teach moral value through the lyrics of the songs.
 To provide a way of managing the realitionship between our public and private emotional
life.
 To express personal feeling and cultural values.
 To give someone to not only shares their emotions with others, but also to have an
emotional connection that just can’t be experienced in any other way.
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF SONGS

a. Intro
The introduction establishes melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic related to themain body of
song.

b. Verse (different word, same ryhtm)

It is the section of the song structure that tells the story. This is the exposition,describing the
scene or the person, or an emotion. There are usually two or three verses in a row that have the
same musical structure, the same rhyme and poeticmeter, but different words. The second verse
builds on the picture painted in thefirst verse, etc.

c. Chorus or Refrain (same word, same rhytm)

A chorus is the most repeated section, so it’s the easiest remembered. A chorus is the summary of
the song’s story.

d. Break/silence
A break is actually a brief “rest” or “pause” for the core melody within a song used to add further
dimension and excitement.

e. Bridge (different word, different rhytm)

This is the part of the song that shifts. It can suddenly change tempo, or volume, or
instrumentation
f. Outro or Coda
This is the end of the road for the song. It can repeat the intro, chorus or a refrain as an outro, or
a bridgewith an instrumental solo.

LANGUAGE FEATURES OF SONGS

1. Lyrics are written in first, second, or third person given on the specific perspective you
choose.
2. They use rhyming words.
3. They use alliteration.
4. Some songs use poetic devices, such as figure of speech and imagery.
5. Some songs use amusing word play and slang language.
 C. News item

News is information about current events, considered important or relevant to the public.

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered
newsworthy or important.

Social function of news item text is to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events or
occurrences that are deemed important or newsworthy.

Generic structure of news item text:

 Main event
This section is also known as the newsworthy event. This is the part that tells or contains
news about the main event or incident, which is usually written in summary form.
 Background event
This part, which is often referred to as Elaboration, is the part that tells the background of
the event or incident, who is involved and the location of the incident.
 Source
The last part is the source, which tells about comments, witnesses to the incident,
opinions of experts, and so on regarding the event or incident being reported.

Language features:
 simple past tense. However, the simple present tense might also be used
 reporting verbs
 action verbs
 adverbs (time, place, and manner)

D. Advertisement
Definition: advertising is a promotional activity which aims to sell a product or service to a
target audience.
Structure: Headline, sub-Headline, Amplification, Proof of claim, Action to take.

Types: Product advertising, business advertising, and service advertising.

Effective Advertising: creative idea, strategy, execution, and media.

E. Spoof

Definition: Spoof is a type of text in english that tell a factual story in the past and isn’t
predictable at the end of the story and is funny. (funny story, anecdote, humour, joke, entertain,
amuse).
Structure:

 Orientation (tell the character, time, and place)

 Events (describe the action and contain information about what happened)
 Twist (unexpected events or plot twist)
Types:

 Humorous twist
 Ironic twist
 Misconception twist

F. Explanation

Explanation text gives us information about a subject that we are intrested in and would
like to know more about.

An explanation text is a non fiction text which desribes HOW or WHY things happens.

Explanation text is a text that contains the processes associated with natural phenomena,
social, science, cultural and more.

Structure:
 General statement
 Sequence of explanation
 Closing (optional)
Language feature:
 Using passive voice
 Using simple present tence
 Using chronological connection (to begin with, next, etc.)
 Featuring generic participant (sun, rain, etc)