1 Numbered Theorems, Definitions, Corollar-

ies, and Lemmas

Theorem 1 (Pythagorean Theorem). In a right-angled triangle, the square of
the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Proof. Consider a right-angled triangle with sides a and b, and hypotenuse c.
According to the Pythagorean theorem, we have:

c 2 = a 2 + b2

Definition 1 (Prime Number). A prime number is a natural number greater

than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.
Lemma 1. Every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime number or
can be factorized into prime numbers.
Proof. This can be proved by induction. For the base case, consider the number
2, which is a prime number. Assume the statement holds for all numbers up to n.
For n + 1, if it is not prime, it can be factorized into smaller natural numbers,
which by the inductive hypothesis are either prime or can be factorized into
prime numbers.
Corollary 1. There are infinitely many prime numbers.
Proof. This follows from the proof by contradiction. Assume there are finitely
many prime numbers. Let p1 , p2 , . . . , pn be all the prime numbers. Consider the
number P = p1 p2 · · · pn + 1. This number is not divisible by any of the pi , hence
it is either prime itself or has a prime factor not in the list, which contradicts
the assumption.