2.

cÖvPxb evsjvi BwZnvm

1. cÖvPxbKv‡j mgMÖ evsjv †QvU †QvU K jW© KvR©b k jW© †ew›UsK

A‡j wef³ wQj  M jW© Wvdwib N jW© Kb©Iqvwjm (
k Rbc` bv‡g L ivóª bv‡g 18. 1858 mv‡j Dcgnv‡`‡k wbhy³ cÖ_g
M †`k bv‡g N AÂj bv‡g ( ivRcÖwZwbwa ev fvBmiq wQ‡jb 
2. cvjes‡ki †kÖô ivRv †K wQ‡jb? K jW© Rbmb k jW© K¨vwbs
K gnxcvj L †Mvcvj M jW© wicb N jW© Rv‡qg (
k ag©cvj N cÖ_g gnxcvj ( 19. Ôcjvkx hy×Õ Kv‡`i g‡a¨ msNwUZ nq?
3. Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO evsjvq k wmivR-D`-†`Šjvi m‡½ Bs‡iR‡`i
AvMgb K‡ib  L ivRvi m‡½ ivbxi
k mßg kZ‡K L Aóg kZ‡K M Avwje`x© Luvi m‡½ myRv-D`-†`Šjv
M lô kZ‡K N `kg kZ‡K ( N gxiRvd‡ii m‡½ Bs‡iR‡`i
4. cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj †Kvb (
b`xi Zx‡i? 20. wQqvˇii `ywf©‡¶i mgq evsjvi Mfb©i †K
K wmÜz b`x L M½v b`x wQ‡jb?
k wSjg b`x N hgybv b`x ( k KvwU©qvi L K¨vwbs
5. †mvgcyi wenvi cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb  M †ew›UsK N Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm (
k ivRv ag©cvj L ivRv †Mvcvj 21. †Kvb AvB‡bi e‡j evsjvi Mfb©i Iqv‡ib
M ivRv gwncvj N ivRv h`y cvj ( †nw÷sm evsjvi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij nq?
6. cÖvPxb fvi‡Z me©cÖ_g me©fviZxq K 1764 wLª÷v‡ã †i¸‡jwUs A¨v‡±i e‡j
mgªvU wQ‡jb  L 1717 wLª÷v‡ã †i¸‡jwUs A¨v‡±i e‡j
K P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© L mgªvU Kwb®‹ k 1774 wLª÷v‡ã †i¸‡jwUs A¨v‡±i e‡j
k mgªvU A‡kvK N mgªvU nl©ea©b ( N 1772 wLª÷v‡ã †i¸‡jwUs A¨v‡±i e‡j (
7. e½f‡½i d‡j bZzb cÖ‡`k n‡qwQj  22. fvi‡Zi me©cÖ_g fvBmiq †K nb?
K jW© KvR©b L jW© G‡jbe‡iv
K ce©evsjv I wenvi k ce©e½ I Avmvg
k jW© K¨vwbs N jW© Kb©Iqvwjm (
M ce©e½ I Dwol¨v N Avmvg I wenvi (
23. KZ mv‡j wmÜz Bs‡iR‡`i Aax‡b Av‡m?
8. e½f½ we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡i  K 1834 wLª. k 1843 wLª.
K gymwjg jxM k Ks‡MÖm M 1943 wLª. N 1834 wLª. (
M diIqvW© eK N weªwUk ( 24. muvIZvj we‡`ªvn KZ mv‡j N‡U?
9. gymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nq  K 1955 mv‡j k 1855 mv‡j
K dwi`cy‡i L KivwP‡Z M 1755 mv‡j N 1655 mv‡j (
k XvKvq N w`wj‡Z ( 25. wmcvnx we‡`ªvn msNwUZ n‡qwQj K‡e?
10. e‡i›`ª ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K 1757 mv‡j k 1857 mv‡j
k DËie½ L `w¶Ye½ M 1657 mv‡j N 1875 mv‡j (
M ce©e½ N cwðge½ ( 26. dwKi Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv †K wQ‡jb?
11. fv‡¯‹v `v Mvgv KZ mv‡j fviZ e‡l© k gRby kvn L wmivR kvn
Av‡mb? M †gvnwmb Avjx N Rwni kvn (
k 1498 mv‡j L 1398 mv‡j 27. bxj we‡`ªv‡ni Aemvb nq 
M 1898 mv‡j N 1598 mv‡j ( K 1859 mv‡j k 1860 mv‡j
12. mgªvU AvKei evsjv weRq K‡ib  M 1858 mv‡j N 1856 mv‡j (
o 1576 mv‡j L 1566 mv‡j 28. evsjvi †Kvb exi mšvb evsjvi GKvs‡k
M 1676 mv‡j N 1475 mv‡j ( Bs‡iR‡`i wei“‡× ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib?
13. Ôe·v‡ii hy×Õ n‡qwQj  K †kL gywRe L fevbx cvVK
k 1764 mv‡j L 1864 mv‡j k wZZzgxi N gRby kvn (
M 1676 mv‡j N 1766 mv‡j ( 29. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm
14. wUcy myjZvb wQ‡jb  aiv nq †Kvb mgq‡K?
K ev½v‡jv‡ii kvmb KZ©v k K 1577 n‡Z 1877 ch©šk 1857 n‡Z 1947
gnxï‡ii kvmb KZ©v ch©š
M A‡hva¨vi kvmb KZ©v N gxiv‡Ui beve M 1700 n‡Z 1800 ch©šN 1757 n‡Z 1857
( ch©š (
15. weªwUk cvj©v‡g›U ÔfviZ kvmb AvBbÕ ev 30. dwKiMY Bs‡iR‡`i Ici cÖ_g nvgjv K‡i 
†i¸‡jwUs A¨v± cvm nq KZ mv‡j? K 1857 mv‡j k 1763 mv‡j
K 1813 L 1717 M 1757 mv‡j N 1760 mv‡j (
M 1856 k 1784 ( 31. †Kvb evOvwj cÖ_g B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vwbi
16. ÔwPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯Õ cÖewZ©Z nq KZ wei“‡× A¯aviY K‡i knx` n‡qwQ‡jb?
mv‡j? K gRby kvn k knx` wZZzgxi
K 1773 mv‡j L 1873 mv‡j M ev`kv evei N wmivRkvn (
k 1793 mv‡j N 1753 mv‡j ( 32. wZZzgxi KZ mv‡j Bs‡iR‡`i wei“‡×
17. ÔmZx`vnÕ cÖ_vi we‡jvcmvab K‡ib †K? we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib?
 K 1725 mv‡j k 1825 mv‡j M Kzwgjv k PuvcvBbeveMÄ (
M 1881 mv‡j N 1781 mv‡j ( 47. gnv¯’vbMo GK mgq evsjvi ivRavbx wQj,
33. bvwi‡Kjevwoqvq †Kjv ˆZwi Kiv nq KZ ZLb Zvi bvg wQj 
mv‡j? K gnv¯’vb L KY©myeY©
k 1831 mv‡j L 1892 mv‡j k cyʪbMi N ivgveZx (
M 1757 mv‡j N 1851 mv‡j ( 48. XvKvq evsjvi ivRavbx ¯’vc‡bi mgq gyNj
34. ivg‡gvnb ivq KZ mv‡j eªvþ mgvR cÖwZôv myev`vi †K wQ‡jb?
K‡ib? k Bmjvg Luvb L Beªvnxg Luvb
K 1892 mv‡j k 1828 mv‡j M kv‡q¯v Luvb N gxi Rygjv (
M 1839 mv‡j N 1892 mv‡j ( 49. Biv‡bi Kwe nvwd‡Ri mv‡_ cÎvjvc n‡qwQj
35. ivg‡gvnb ivq †Kvb †¶‡Î Ae`vb iv‡Lb? evsjvi †Kvb myjZv‡bi?
K wk¶vms¯‹vi L ag©ms¯‹vi K wMqvmDwÏb Avhg kvn L
M mvgvwRK ms¯‹vi k meKqwU ( AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn
36. KZ mv‡j wn›`y weaev AvBb cvm nq? k dLi“Ïxb †gveviK kvnN Bwjqvm kvn (
K 1619 mv‡j k 1856 mv‡j 50. evsjvq gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ AvaywbK wk¶v
M 1835 mv‡j N 1869 mv‡j ( cÖPj‡bi R‡b¨ †K AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb
37. 1906 mv‡j Ôgymwjg jxMÕ cÖwZôv K‡ib K‡ib?
 K ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx M bIqve Ave`yj jwZd
k bIqve mwjgyjvn L nvRx gyn¤§` k bIqve m¨vi mwjgyjvnN m¨vi ˆmq` Avn‡g`
gnmxb Lvb (
M gIjvbv fvmvbx N ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx ( 51. †Kvb gyNj myev`vi PÆMÖvg `Lj K‡i Gi
38. fvi‡Zi ÔRvZxq Ks‡MÖmÕ KZ mv‡j bvg iv‡Lb Bmjvgvev`?
cÖwZwôZ nq? K Bmjvg Lvb L ivRv gvbwmsn
K 1875 mv‡j k 1885 mv‡j M gxi Rygjv k kv‡q¯v Lvb (
M 1785 mv‡j N 1765 mv‡j ( 52. evsjvq gymwjg AvwacZ¨ we¯v‡ii mPbv †K
39. fviZ kvmb AvBb KZ mv‡j cvm nq? K‡ib?
K 1905 mv‡j L 1904 mv‡j K Avjx g`©vb wLjwR
k 1909 mv‡j N 1919 mv‡j ( L ZzNwij Lvb
40. †Kvb gyNj mgªvU Prince of Builders bv‡g M mvgQywÏb wd‡ivR
L¨vZ? k BLwZqvi DwÏb †gvnv¤§` eLwZqvi
o mgªvU kvnRvnvb L mgªvU AvKei wLjwR (
M mgªvU Rvnv½xi N mgªvU ûgvqyb ( 53. AvKei KZ eQi eq‡m wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY
41. fviZ kvmb AvBb Kvh©Kix Kiv nq  K‡ib?
k 1935 mv‡j L 1937 mv‡j K 10 eQi L 11 eQi
M 1938 mv‡j N 1940 mv‡j ( M 12 eQi k 13 eQi (
42. cÖvPxb ÔcyʪbMiÕ †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? 54. beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi wcZvi bvg wK?
K gqbvgwZ L weµgcyi k R‡qb DwÏb L Avjxe`x© Luv
o gnv¯’vbMo N cvnvocyi ( M kIKZ Rs N nvq`vi Avjx (
43. cwi wewe †K wQ‡jb? 55. Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vwb KLb evsjv,
K AvIi½‡R‡ei Kb¨v k kv‡q¯v Lv‡bi wenvi I Dwol¨vi †`Iqvbx jvf K‡i?
Kb¨v K 1690 k 1765
M gywk©`Kzwj Lv‡bi ¯x N M 1793 N 1829 (
AvwRgymkv‡bi gvZv ( 56. †Kvb kvm‡Ki mgq †_‡K mgMÖ evsjv
44. eZ©gvb e„nËi XvKv †Rjv cÖvPxbKv‡j fvlvfvlx AÂj cwiwPZ n‡q I‡V ev½vjvn
†Kvb Rbc‡`i Ašf©y³ wQj? bv‡g?
K mgZU L cyʪ K dLi“wÏb gyeviK kvn k kvgmywÏb
k e½ N nwi‡Kj ( BwjqvQ kvn
45. evsjvi cÖvPxbZg RvqMv †KvbwU? M AvKei N Cmv Lvb (
K †mvbviMuvI L weµgcyi 57. evsjv mvj MYbv ïi“ K‡ib 
k cyʪ N †MvcvjMÄ ( K kvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvn L
46. cÖvPxb †MŠo bMixi Askwe‡kl evsjv‡`‡ki weRq †mb
†Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z? M ejvj †mb k mgªvU AvKei (
K Kzwóqv L e¸ov

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi R‡b¨

 eZ©gv‡b evOvwj RvwZi cwiPq  msKi RvwZ 
mgMÖ evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx‡K fvM Kiv hvq 
wn‡m‡e| Z_¨ KwYKv `yBfv‡M; 1. cÖvK-Avh© ev Abvh© be‡Mvôx 2.
 evOvwj RvwZi cÖavb Ask M‡o D‡V‡Q  Avh© be‡Mvôx|
Aw÷ªK †Mvôx †_‡K|  evsjvi cÖvPxb Rbc`mgn n‡jv  e½, cyʪ,
 evOvwji i‡³ cÖfve i‡q‡Q  †Kvj, fxj, muvIZvj, †MŠo, ivp, mgZU, nwi‡Kj, e‡i›`ª I ev‡KiMÄ|
gyÛv cÖf…wZ DcRvwZi|  Rbc`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q cÖvPxb Rbc` wQj 
cyʪ|
 cÖvPxbKv‡j e½ bvgK Rbc`wU M‡o D‡VwQj
 evsjvi ce© I `w¶Y-ce© AÂj A_©vr XvKv,
gqgbwmsn I dwi`cyi AÂj wb‡q|
 †gŠh© mvgªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv  P›`ª ¸ß
†gŠh©|
 ¸ß mvgªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv  cÖ_g P›`ª ¸ß|
 ¸ß es‡ki †kªô ivRv  mgy`ª ¸ß|
 †mb es‡ki †kªô ivRv  weRq †mb|
 P›`ª ¸ß †gŠ‡h©i ivRavbx wQj  cvUvwj cyÎ|
 Av‡jKRvÛvi fviZel© AvMgb K‡ib  wL.c.
327 A‡ã|
 ¯^vaxb †MŠo iv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv  kkvsK|
 kkvs‡Ki ivRavbx wQj  KY©myeY©|
 †mb es‡ki me©‡kl ivRv  j²Y †mb|
 j²Y †m‡bi ivRavbx wQj  †MŠo I b`xqv‡Z|
 evsjvq weRq †m‡bi ivRavbx wQj  weµgcyi
(eZ©gvb gywÝMÄ)|
 Pxbv ch©UK dv-wn‡qb evsjvq Av‡mb  ivRv
wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi Avg‡j|
 Be‡b eZzZv evsjvq Av‡mb  dLi“wÏb gyeviK
kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j|
 Be‡b eZzZv gjZ †h `i‡e‡ki mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi
R‡b¨ evsjvq Av‡mb wZwb  nhiZ kvnRvjvj
(int)|
 cvj mvgªv‡R¨i wejywß N‡U  1224 wLª÷v‡ã|
 evsjvq cÖ_g ¯^vaxb myjZvwb hy‡Mi mPbv
K‡ib  dLi“wÏb gyeviK kvn|
 gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g evsjv Rq K‡ib 
BLwZqvi -DwÏb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjwR|
 eLwZqvi wLjwR evsjv Rq K‡ib  j²Y †mb‡K
civwRZ K‡i|
 Be‡b eZzZv †mvbviMuv‡q (evsjvq) Av‡mb 
1345 mv‡j|
 me©cÖ_g mgMÖ evsjvi AwacwZ nb 
gymjgvb kvmK myjZvb Bwjqvm kvn|
 fvi‡Z ZzwK© mvgªv‡R¨i cÖK…Z cÖwZôvZv
 KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡eK|
 ÔKzZze wgbviÕ wbg©vY K‡ib  KzZzeDwÏb
AvB‡eK|
 evsjvi myjZvb‡`i g‡a¨ ev †nv‡mb kvnx es‡ki
myjZvb‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kªô myjZvb wQ‡jb 
AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb kvn|
 Ô†MŠ‡oi †QvU †mvbv gmwR`Õ wbg©vY
K‡ib  AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb kvn|
 Ô†MŠ‡oi eo †mvbv gmwR`Õ I ÔK`g imyjÕ
gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ib  bymiZ kvn|
 wLjwR es‡ki cÖwZôvZv  RvjvjDwÏb wLjwR|
 wLjwR es‡ki †kªô mgªvU  gyeviK wLjwR|
 Ôevsjvi AvKeiÕ ejv nq  AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb
kvn‡K|
 nhiZ kvnRvjvj ag© cÖPviv‡_© wm‡jU Av‡mb
 kvgmywÏb wd‡ivR kv‡ni mgq|
 cvwbc_ bvgK ¯’vbwU eZ©gv‡b Aew¯’Z 
fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki nwiqvbv bvgK ¯’v‡b (w`wj I
AvMÖvi ga¨eZx© hgybv b`xi Zx‡i)|
 †kikvn ûgvqyb‡K civwRZ K‡i w`wji wmsnvmb
`Lj K‡ib  K‡bŠ‡Ri hy‡× (1539 mv‡j)|
 †mvbviMuv‡q ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib  Ckv Luv|
 ÔevsjvÕ k‡ãi cÖ_g e¨envi nq  ÔAvBb-B-
AvKeixÕ MÖ‡š’|
 mgMÖ e½‡`k Ômyevnv-B-ev½vjvnÕ bv‡g
cwiwPZ wQj  AvKe‡ii mgq|
 ÔØxb-B-BjvnxÕ a‡g©i cÖeZ©K  mgªvU
AvKei (1581)|
 wn›`y mgv‡R evj¨weevn, mZx`vn cÖ_v eÜ Ges
weaev weev‡ni cÖPjb K‡ib  AvKei|
 weªwUk evwnbxi wei“‡× me©cÖ_g GKKfv‡e
we‡`ªvn K‡ib  fviZxq wmcvwn g½j cv‡Ê|
 1610 mv‡j XvKv‡K cÖ_g ivRavbx K‡ib 
my‡e`vi Bmjvg Lvb|
 PÆMÖv‡gi bvg ÔBmjvgvev`Õ iv‡Lb 
kv‡q¯v Lvb|
 kvnRvnv‡bi ¯xi bvg  ggZvR|
 Ôjvj †KjvÕ wbg©vY K‡ib  mgªvU
kvnRvnvb|
 gyNj mvgªv‡R¨i †kl mgªvU wQ‡jb  wØZxq
evnv`yi kvn|
 gyNj mvgªv‡R¨i me©‡kªô mgªvU wQ‡jb 
mgªvU AvKei|
 ev‡iv fuBqv‡`i g‡a¨ †kªô wQ‡jb  Ckv Luv|
 Ô†mvbviMuvIÕ evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx wQj 
gyNj Avg‡j|
 BD‡ivc †_‡K mgy`ªc‡_ fviZe‡l© Avmvi c_
Avwe®K…Z nq  1487 mv‡j|
 cZz©wMRiv evsjvq Av‡m  1516 mv‡j|
 Bs‡iRiv evsjvq cÖ_g KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i 
myiv‡U (1608 mv‡j)|
 evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb beve  gywk©`Kzwj Luv|
 beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv evsjvi wmsnvm‡b
Av‡ivnY K‡ib  1756 mv‡j|
 beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv †dvU© DBwjqvg `yM©
`Lj K‡ib  20-G Ryb 1756 mv‡j|
 evsjvi †kl beve  wbRvgy‡ÏŠjv|
 e·v‡ii hy× msNwUZ nq  Bs‡iR I gxi Kvwk‡gi
g‡a¨|
 beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv KjKvZvi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i
iv‡Lb  AvjxbMi (1756 mv‡j)|
 wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi nZ¨vKvix  gyn¤§`x †eM|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g KvM‡Ri gy`ªv Pvjy K‡ib 
jW© K¨vwbs (1857 mv‡j)|
 B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vwbi kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U 
1858
mv‡j|
 ivwY GwjRv‡e_ Dcgnv‡`‡ki kvmb¶gZv
MÖnY K‡ib  1858 mv‡j|
 mvgªvR¨ev`x ¯^Z¡we‡jvc bxwZi cÖeZ©K 
jW© Wvj‡nŠwm|
 wmcvwn we‡`ªv‡ni mPbv n‡qwQj  e½‡`‡ki
e¨vivKcy‡i (9 gvP©, 1857)|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g weªwUk Mfb©i  jW©
K¬vBf|
 BwZnvm L¨vZ `ywf©¶ ÔwQqvˇii gš^šiÕ
n‡qwQj Bs‡iwR  1770 mv‡j|
 evsjvi ivRavbx gywk©`vev` †_‡K KjKvZvq
¯’vbvši K‡ib  Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm|
 fvi‡Z Ôwmwfj mvwf©mÕ cix¶vi cÖPjb
K‡iwQ‡jb  jW© Kb©Iqvwjm|
 ÔAÜK‚c nZ¨vÕ n‡jv  1756 mv‡j njI‡qj
KZ©„K wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi wei“‡× †dvU©
DBwjqvg `y‡M© 123 Rb Bs‡iR‡K nZ¨vi wg_¨v
cÖPvi|
 B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vwb I weªwUk miKvi
Dcgnv‡`‡k kvmb K‡iwQj  190 eQi
(17571947)|
 Dcgnv‡`‡ki me©‡kl weªwUk fvBmiq wQ‡jb 
jW© gvD›U e¨v‡Ub|
 e½f½ nq  1905 mv‡j|
 e½f½ K‡ib  Bs‡iR kvmK jW© KvR©b|
 e½f‡½i d‡j ce©evsjvi ev e½ cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx
nq  XvKv (wØZxq evi ivRavbx)|
 wZZzgx‡ii cÖK…Z bvg  ˆmq` wbmvi Avjx|
 bvwi‡Kj evwoqvi euv‡ki †Kjv aŸsm nq 
1831 mv‡j|
 bxjwe‡`ªv‡ni Aemvb N‡U  1860 mv‡j|
 dwKi Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b  gRby kvn|
 ÔRwg †_‡K LvRbv Av`vq Avjvni AvB‡bi
cwicš’xÕ GB gZev` cÖPvi K‡ib  `y`y wgqv|
 ivg‡gvnb ivq eªvþ mgvR cÖwZôv K‡ib  1828
mv‡j|
 weaev weevn AvBb cÖeZ©b K‡ib  Ck¦iP›`ª
we`¨vmvMi (1856 mv‡j)|
 Ô†gvnv‡gWvb wjUv‡iwi †mvmvBwUiÕ
cÖwZôvZv  bIqve Ave`yj jwZd, 1863 mv‡j|
 AvjxMo Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZôvZv  ˆmq` Avng`
Lvb|
 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g wcÖwf KvDwÝj-Gi
m`m¨  ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx|
 mZx`vn cÖ_v evwZj Kiv nq  1829 mv‡j|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g ¯^vaxbZv-msMÖvg
msNwUZ nq  1857 mv‡j|
 Ks‡MÖm cÖwZwôZ nq  1885 mv‡j|
 Awnsm I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi RbK 
gnvZ¥v MvÜx|
 gnvZ¥v MvÜxi cÖK…Z bvg  Kig Puv`
†gvnb `vm MvÜx|
 wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb msNwUZ nq  1920 mv‡j|
 wLjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b  gvIjvbv
gyn¤§` Avjx|
 gymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nq  1906 mv‡j|
 RvwjqvbIqvjvevM nZ¨vKvÊ msNwUZ nq 
1919 mv‡j|
 iex›`ªbv_ ÔbvBUÕ Dcvwa cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib 
RvwjqvbIqvjvevM nZ¨vKv‡Êi cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q|
 gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZôvZv  beve mwjgyjvn|
 jv‡nvi cÖ¯ve †NvlYv Kiv nq  1940 mv‡ji 23-
G gvP©|
 jv‡nvi cÖ¯ve †NvlYv K‡ib  G. †K. dRjyj nK|
 fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 
1937 mv‡j|
 1937 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b miKvi MVb K‡ib  G.
†K. dRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ K…lK cÖRv cvwU©|
 Awef³ evsjvi gyL¨gwš nb  G. †K. dRjyj nK|
 gv÷vi`v mh©‡mb PÆMÖvg A¯vMvi jyÚb
K‡ib  18B GwcÖj 1930 mv‡j|
 gv÷vi`v mh©‡mb‡K duvwm †`qv nq  1931
mv‡j|
 wecex ÔcÖxwZjZv Iqv‡Ï`viÕ RwoZ wQ‡jb 
weªwUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_|
 ÔivLxeÜbÕ Abyôvb cÖPjb K‡ib  iex›`ªbv_
VvKzi|
 fviZ-cvwK¯vb wef³ K‡i  i¨vWwK¬d wgkb|
 weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U fviZ kvmb AvBb cvm nq
 1935 mv‡j|
 weªwUk fviZ wefw³i mgq evsjvi cÖavbgšx
wQ‡jb  †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©|
 fviZ ¯^vaxb AvBb cvm Kiv nq  18B RyjvB
1947 mv‡j|
 ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg cvwK¯vb iv‡ó«i Rb¥ nq 
14B AvM÷ 1947 mv‡j|
 ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg fviZ iv‡ó«i Rb¥ nq  15B
AvM÷ 1947 mv‡j|
 evsjvq bIqvex kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb 
gywk©`Kzjx Lvb (1704)|
 evsjv‡K ÔgyjyK-B-ev½vjvnÕ bvgKiY K‡ib 
kvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvn|
 Ôgymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgvRÕ-Gi cÖwZôvZv 
bIqve Ave`yj jwZd|
 bvix RvMi‡Yi AMÖ`Z  †eMg †iv‡Kqv|
 BwÛqvb G‡mvwm‡qkb cÖwZwôZ nq  1876
mv‡j|
 Ks‡MÖm cÖwZwôZ nq  1885 mv‡j|
 KjKvZv bMix cÖwZwôZ nq  1690 mv‡j|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡ib 
divwmiv|
 weªwUk fvi‡Zi me©‡kl Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij 
jW© K¨vwbs|
 Bs‡iRiv KjKvZv AwaKvi K‡i  1757 mv‡ji
2iv Rvbyqvwi|
 evsjv I cvÄve wef³ nq  i¨vWwK¬d wgkb
Abymv‡i|
 cÖ_g †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK nq  1930 mv‡j|
 gv`ªv‡R Bs‡iR‡`i KzwV ¯’vcb Kiv nq  1639
mv‡j|
 B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vwb Rwg`vwi jvf K‡i 
myZvbywU, †Mvwe›`cyi I KjKvZvq|
 Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm fvi‡Zi Mfb©i nb  1774 mv‡j|
 jW© Kb©Iqvwjm fvi‡Zi Mfb©i n‡q Av‡mb 
1786 mv‡j|
 B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vwbi evwYwR¨K AwaKvi
wejyß nq  1833 mv‡j|
 KjKvZv wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj ˆZwi K‡ib 
jW© KvR©b|
 BDwbfvwm©wU A¨v± cÖYxZ nq  1904
mv‡j, jW© KvR©b|
 MY‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g wm‡jU †Rjv‡K ce©e‡½i
mv‡_ hy× Kiv nq  6B RyjvB 1947|
 B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vwb Ô†dvU© DBwjqvg
`yM©Õ wbg©vY K‡i  1699 mv‡j|
 wmcvwn wec‡ei cÖ_g we‡`ªvn msNwUZ nq 
`g`‡g|
 bxj we‡`ªv‡ni cÖavb †Rjv wQj  b`xqv, h‡kvi,
cvebv, gvj`n I ivRkvnx|
 diIqvW© eK MVb K‡ib  myfvlP›`ª emy|
 fvi‡Zi †kl Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij wQ‡jb  PµeZ©x
ivRv †MvcvjPvix|
 Ôj‡¶Š Pzw³Õ m¤•vw`Z nq  1916 wLª÷v‡ã|
 cÖvPxb evsjvi wewfbœ AÂj kvmbvgj ivRavbx
nl©ea©b K‡bŠR
bvg mxgvbv AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb GKWvjv
e½ Kzwóqv, h‡kvi, b`xqv, kvn
kvwšcyi, XvKv, dwi`cyi Ges Ckv Luv †mvbviMuv
e„nËi gqgbwmsn
ivp cwðge‡½i `w¶YvÂj  evsjvq BD‡ivcxq‡`i AvMgb
mgZU Kzwgjv I †bvqvLvjx
nwi‡Kj cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, PÆMÖvg, cZz©wMR 1516 mv‡j
wÎcyiv, wm‡jU Ij›`vR/WvP 1602 mv‡j
AvivKvb K·evRvi, evg©vi wKq`sk, Bs‡iR 1608 mv‡j
KY©dzjx b`xi `w¶YvÂj divwm 1668 mv‡j
P›`ªØxc ewikvj
†MŠo ivRkvnx, bIMuv, bv‡Uvi,  evsjvq ch©UK‡`i AvMgb
gvj`n, cwðg w`bvRcyi bvg †`k AvMg‡bi mgq Kvj
weµgcyi gyÝxMÄ Ges cvk¦©eZx© AÂj †gMvw¯’ wMÖ wLª÷ce© 302 A‡ã
Kvgiƒc iscyi, RjcvB¸wo, Avmv‡gi wbm m
Kvgiƒc †Rjv dv-wn‡qb Pxb 380 †_‡K 414 wLª÷v‡ãi g‡a¨
e‡i›`ª/evwi›`ªx e¸ov, cvebv I ivRkvnxi wnD‡qb Pxb 630 †_‡K 644 wLª÷vã
Askwe‡kl mvs
mßMuvI Lyjbv Ges mgy`ª ZxieZx© AÂj gv-ûqvb Pxb 1413 †_‡K 1433 wLª÷v‡ãi
cyʪ e¸ov, ivRkvnx, iscyi I g‡a¨
w`bvRcyi †Rjvi Askwe‡kl Be‡b gi‡°v 1345 wLª÷v‡ãi g‡a¨
eZzZv
 evsjvq wewfbœ kvmbvg‡ji cÖwZôvZv
esk/ cÖwZôvZv
kvmbvg‡ji  cÖvPxb evsjvq ch©UK‡`i bvg|
cÖK…wZ †UKwbK: gi‡°vi Be‡b dLi Ges Px‡bi dv-wn
evsjvq cvj ‡bcvj P›`ª wnD nl© I gvTz wMqvm cÖvPxb evsjv
esk
evsjvq †mb weRq †mb G‡mwQ‡jb|
ivR¨ e¨vL¨v:
evsjvq cÖ_g dLi“wÏb †gveviK kvn bvg ‡`k kvmbvgj
myjZvbx Be‡b eZzZv gi‡°v dLiDwÏb
hyM gyeviK
evsjvq bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` kv‡ni
ZywK©
kvmb kvmbvg‡j
evsjvq ‡kikvn dv-wn‡qb Pxb 2q P›`ª¸‡ßi
AvdMvb kvmbvg‡j
kvmb wnD‡qb Pxb mgªvU
evsjvq ZvR Lvb Kiivbx mvs nl©vea©‡bi
Kiivbx
kvmb kvmbvg‡j
gv-ûqvb Pxb wMqvmDwÏ
 kvmbvgj I iv‡R¨i evsjvi ivRavbx b Avjg
kvmbvgj ivRavbx kv‡ni
cÖvPxb evsjv gnv¯’vbMo kvmbvg‡j
†MŠo/Rbc`/kkv‡¼i KY©myeY©
cyÛªRbc` cyÛªea©b
†gŠh©hyM cyÛªbMi (evsjvi  Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡ji D‡jL‡hvM¨ Kg©, ms¯‹vi I
cÖv‡`wkK) Av‡›`vjb
†gŠh© I ¸ß esk †MŠo D‡jL‡hvM¨ Kg© mvj ZrKvjxb
¸ßivResk wew`kv ms¯‹vi I Av‡›`vjb kvmK/cÖavb/cÖ
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© cvUwjcyÎ wZôvZv
j¶Y †mb b`xqv ev beØxc ˆØZ kvmb e¨e¯’v 1767 jW© K¬vBW
†`e ivResk †`ecvZ© ˆØZ kvmb e¨e¯’vi 1772 Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm
eg©‡`e weµgcyi wejywß
LoM Kzwgjv Kg©všemvK cuvPkvjv f‚wg e‡›`ve¯ 1774 Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm
 D‡jL‡hvM¨ Kg© mvj ZrKvjxb
ms¯‹vi I Av‡›`vjb kvmK/cÖavb/cÖ
wZôvZv
e¨e¯’v
wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯ 1793 jW© Kb©Iqvwjk
¯^Z¡ we‡jvcbxwZi 1848 jW© Wvj‡nŠwm
cÖeZ©b
mZx`vn cÖ_v wbeviY 1829 jW© DBwjqvg
†ew›UsK
weaev weevn AvBb 1854 jW© Wvj‡nŠwm
cÖYqb
e½f½ 1905 jW© KvR©b
e½f½ i` 1911 jW© nvwW©Ä
BwÛqvb KvDwÝj 1909 jW© wg‡›Uv
A¨v±
gwj©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi 1909 jW© wg‡›Uv
g‡›U¸-†Pgm †dvW© 1919 jW©
ms¯‹vi †Pgm‡dvW©
fviZ kvmb AvBb 1935 jW© DBwjsWb
wµcm wgkb 1942 jW© wjbwj_‡Mv
BwÛqvb 1876 my‡i›`ªbv_
G‡mvwm‡qkb e¨vbvwR©
Ks‡MÖm 1885 Gjvb A‡±vwfqvb
wnDm
gymwjg jxM 1906 beve mwjgyjvn
fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb, 1947 jW© gvD›U
fviZ wefvM e¨v‡Ub
 e½f½Kvjxb evsjvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U Mfb©i (1905-1912)
bvg Kvh©Kvj
m¨vi e¨vgwdì dzjvi 1905
m¨vi GÛª~ †d«Rvi 1906
m¨vi GWIqvW© †eKvi 1912
g‡b ivLyb
23 Ryb, 1757- cjvkxi hy×|
23 gvP©, 1940- jv‡nvi cÖ¯ve|
23 Ryb, 1949- AvIqvgx jxM
23 cÖwZôv|
23 gvP©, 1966- 6 `dv|
23 †deª“qvwi, 1969- e½eÜz
Dcvwa|