OSI Model

Hardware Layers -> Layer 1, 2, 3

Software Layers -> Layer 5, 6, 7
Hardware-Software Interface Layer -> Layer 4

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

- Binary bits (Signals)
- Synchronized
- Devices -> Hub, Repeater, Cables, Modem, ...

Types of Cables in Networking

- Coaxial Cable
- Twisted-pair Cable
- Fiber Optic Cable

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

- Frame (using MAC Address)
- Device => Switch, Bridge

MAC Address
- Media Access Control Address
- Physical Address or Hardware Address
- 48-bit
- Hexadecimal format (12-digit)
- to find mac address
- command prompt -> ipconfig /all
- Globally Unique

Network Layer (Layer 3)

- Packet (using IP Address)
- Device -> Router