2

CHAPTER
INVERSE
TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
Chapter Objectives
¾¾ Introduction.
¾¾ Basic concepts.
¾¾ Properties of inverse trigonometric functions.

Quick Review
™™ The inverse trigonometric functions are also known
as arcus functions, ant-trigonometric functions or
cyclometric functions.
™™ The most common convention is to name inverse
trigonometric functions using an arc- prefix, e.g., arc
sin (x), arc cos (x), arc tan (x), etc.
™™ The notations sin−1 (x), cos−1 (x), tan−1 (x), etc., as
introduced by John Herschel in 1813, are often
used as well in British sources, and this convention
compiles with the notation of an inverse function.
™™ The inverse trigonometric functions logically
conflict with the common semantics for expressions
like sin2 (x), which refer to numeric power rather
than function composition, and therefore, may
result in confusion between multiplicative inverse
and compositional inverse.
™™ Since 2009, the ISO 80000-2 standard has removed
the ambiguity by solely specifying the “arc” prefix
for the inverse functions.
Know the Links
TIPS…
Convert all sec, cosec, cot, and tan to sin and cos.
Most of these can be done by using the quotient
and reciprocal identities.
Check all the angles for sums and differences and
use the appropriate identities to remove them.
Replace cos powers greater than 2 with sin powers
using the Pythagorean Identities.
Expand any equations you can, combine like
terms, and simplify the equations.
TRICKS…
Consider the below equation, which has to be
reduced to its simplest form.
1 + x2 − 1
arc tan , x≠0
x

☞☞
www.themathpage.com/aTrig/inverseTrig.htm You must be aware of the Domain and Range of
☞☞
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath.../ the function.
inverse-trigonometric-functions One important fact to remember is that the inverse
may not be a “function” itself. If it has two or more
points in a vertical line it is just a “relation”.
You should just realise that the inverse of any func-
tion is its REFLECTION in the line y = x.

 Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q. 1. Which of the following is the principal value Ans. Correct option : (c)
branch of cos–1x? Explanation : As we know that the principal value
 p p of cos–1x is [0,π].
(a)  − ,  (b) [0,π]
 2 2
p 
(c) [0,π] (d) (0, p ) −  
2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 20, Page 37]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 35
Y p
⇒                2tan −1 x = p −
2
5
2 ⇒          2tan −1 x = p
2 2
3 p
2 ⇒            tan −1 x =
 4
 p 
⇒ x = tan  
x=1 4
2 1
X' X ⇒        
–1 O    33p  
2 Q. 4. The value of sin -1 cos    is
–   5 
3 3p −7p
(a) (b)
2 5 5
–2
p −p
5 (c) (d)
2 10 10
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 23, Page 37]
Y' Ans. Correct option : (d)
y = cos–1x Explanation : Let,
Q. 2. Which of the following is the principal value   33p   −1   3p  
branch of cosec–1x? = sin −1 cos    = sin cos  6p + 5  
    5     
 p p p 
(a)  − ,  (b) [0, p ] −  
−1   3p  
 2 2 2                   = sin cos   
  5 
 p p  p p
(c)  − ,  (d)  − ,  − {0} [ cos( 2np + q ) = cosq ]
 2 2  2 2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 21, Page 37]   p p 
= sin −1 cos  +  
Ans. Correct option : (d)   2 10  
                 
Explanation : As we know that the principal value
 π 
 p p = sin −1  − sin 
of cosec–1x is  − ,  − {0} .  10 
 2 2                  
Y  π  
cos  + x  = − sin x 
2  2  
3  p 
2 = − sin −1  sin 
                   10 

 [ sin −1 (− x) = − sin −1 x]
2
1 2 p
X'
–2 –1 O
X                    =−
 10
2  −1  −π π  
sin (sin x ) = x , x ∈  , 
–   2 2 
−1
Q. 5. The domain of function cos (2 x − 1) is
Y' (a) [0,1] (b) [–1, 1]
y = cosec–1x (c) (–1,1) (d) [0, p ]
Q. 3. If 3tan–1x + cot–1x = π, then x equals  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 24, Page 38]
(a) 0 (b) 1 Ans. Correct option : (a)
1 Explanation :
(c) –1 (d)
2 We have cos−1( 2x − 1)
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 22, Page 37] ⇒ −1 ≤ 2x − 1 ≤ 1    [ x ∈ [ −1,1]]
Ans. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : Given that, ⇒ 0 ≤ 2x ≤ 2
         3tan–1x + cot–1x = π ⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤1
Now, we have, ⇒ ∈ [0,1]
         3tan–1x + cot–1x = π
⇒   2tan–1x + (tan–1x + cot–1x) = π Q. 6. The domain of the function defined by
Using this property, we get f ( x ) = sin −1 x − 1 is
(a) [1,2] (b) [–1,1]
p   p
⇒ 2tan −1 x +   = p −1 −1
 tan x + cot x = 2  (c) [0,1] (d) None of these
2  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 25, Page 38]
36 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Ans. Correct option : (a)  3p 

Q. 9. The value of cos−1  cos is
Explanation : f ( x ) = sin −1 x − 1  2 
⇒ 0 ≤ x −1 ≤ 1 [ x − 1 ≥ 0 and − 1 ≤ x − 1 ≤ 1] p 3p
(a) (b)
⇒1≤ x ≤ 2 2 2

∴ x ∈ [1, 2] 5p 7p
(c) (d)
2 2
 −1 2   [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 28, Page 38]
Q. 7. If cos  sin +cos−1 x  = 0 , then x is equal to
 5  Ans. Correct option : (a)
1 2  3p 
(a) (b) Explanation : We have, cos−1  cos 
5 5  2 
(c) 0 (d) 1
  p 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 26, Page 38] = cos −1 cos  2p −  
Ans. Correct option : (b)   2 
Explanation : Given that,   p p
 cos  2p − 2  = cos 2 
 2     
cos  sin −1 + cos−1 x  = 0
 5  p  p
= cos −1 cos   =
−1 2 2 2
⇒            sin + cos−1 x = cos−1 0
5 (∴ cos −1 )(cos x) = x, x ∈ [0, p ]
−1 2 p  p
⇒     sin + cos−1 x = cos−1 cos = cos−1  cos 
5 2  2
−1 2 p p
⇒     sin + cos−1 x = =  cos (cos x ) = x if x ∈ [0, p ]
−1
5 2         2 
p 2  3p  p
⇒       cos−1 x = − sin −1 ⇒ cos−1  cos  =
2 5  2  2
1
 −1 2 −1 p Q. 10. The value of expression 2sec −1 2 + sin −1   is
 sin 5 + cos x = 2  2
  p 5p
(a) (b)
−1 −1 2 6 6
⇒          cos x = cos
5 7p
(c) (d) 1
2 6
⇒           x=
5  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 29, Page 38]
Q. 8. The value of sin[2tan −1 (0.75)] is equal to Ans. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : We have, 2 sec −1 2 + sin −1  
(a) 0.75 (b) 1.5 1
(c) 0.96 (d) sin1.5 2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 27, Page 38] −1 p −1 p
= 2 sec sec + sin sin
Ans. Correct option : (c) 3 6
Explanation : We have, p p
= 2× +  sec −1(sec x ) = x and sin −1(sin x ) = x 
 3 
sin[ 2 tan −1( 0.75)] = sin  2 tan −1   0.75 =
75 3 
= 3 6 
 4  100 4  4p + p
 3  =
 −1 2 ⋅ 4  6
= sin  sin  5p
 9 =
1 +  6
           16  4p
Q. 11. If tan −1 x + tan −1 y = , then cot −1 x +cot −1 y equals
 3  5
 −1 2  to
= sin sin
 25  (a)
p
(b)
2p
 16  5 5
         3p
 (c) (d) p
 48   5
= sin sin −1   
  50    [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 30, Page 38]
 Ans. Correct option : (a)
 24  
= sin sin −1    Explanation : We have,
  25  
4p
24 tan −1 x + tan −1 y =
=        5
25
p −1 p −1 4p  p
= 0.96 ⇒ − cot x + − cot y =  tan −1 + cot −1 x = 
         2 2 5  2
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 37
4p
(
⇒         − cot −1 x + cot −1 y = ) 5
−p ∴ sin x = 1 − cos2 x
2

 p  7 
−1 −1 = 1−  
⇒                             cot x + cot y = −  −   25 
 5
p 625 − 49
⇒        cot x + cot y =
−1 −1 =
5 625
24
−1  2 a   1 − a2   2x  =
Q. 12. If sin  2 
+ cos−1  2 
= tan −1 
1+ a   1 + a   1 − x 2  ,            25

where a,x ∈]0, 1[ , then the value of x is

26 24
a
(a) 0 (b)
2 x
2a 7
(c) a (d) cos x
1 − a2 cot x =
sin x
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 31, Page 38]
7
Ans. Correct option : (d)
= 25
Explanation : We have, 24
 2a   1 − a2   2x  25
sin −1  2 
+ cos−1  2 
= tan −1  2 
 1 + a   1 + a  1− x  7
=
Let we assume that a = tanθ ⇒ θ = tan-1a 24
 7 
 2 tan q  −1  1 − tan q  −1  2 x 
2
sin −1  + ⇒ x = cot −1  
 cos   = tan  2   24 
 1 + tan q   1 + tan q  1− x 
2 2

−1  7 
 2x  = cos  
⇒ sin −1 sin 2q + cos−1 cos 2q = tan −1  2   25 
1− x 
 7 
 2x  ∴ cot  cos−1 
⇒ 2q + 2q = tan −1  2   25 
1− x 
 7   −1 7 −1 7 
 2x  = cot  cot −1   cos 25 = cot 24 
⇒ 4 tan −1 a = tan −1  2   24 
       
1− x 
7
 2x  =
⇒ ( 2 × 2)tan −1 a = tan −1  2 
24
1− x  1 2 
Q. 14. The value of the expression tan  cos−1  is
Using this property, we have 2 5
 −1 −1  2x   1 − x2   2x   (a) 2 + 5 (b) 5 − 2
 2 tan x = sin  2 
= cos−1  2 
= tan −1  2 
 1+ x  1+ x   1 − x   5 +2
(c) (d) 5+ 2
2a
−1 2x 2
2 × tan = tan −1  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 33, Page 39]
1 − a2 1 − x2
Ans. Correct option : (b)
 2a 
2 2 
Explanation :
⇒ tan  1 − a  = tan −1  2x 
−1
1 2
2  1 − x2  Let, cos−1 =q
 2a    2
1−  2 
5
 1 − a  2
 2a  ⇒ cos−1 = 2q
⇒  1 − a2  = x 5
  2
  7  ⇒ cos 2q =
Q. 13. The value of cot cos−1    is 5
  25  
25 25 2
(a) (b) ∴ (1 − 2sin 2 q ) =
24 7 5
24 7 1 1
(c) (d) sin q = −
2
25 24 2 5
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 32, Page 39]
1 1
Ans. Correct option : (d) sin q = −
Explanation : 2 5
Let, cos−1  7  = x We know that cos 2 q = 1 − sin 2 q
 25 
  1 1
⇒ 7 cosq = +
cos x = 2 5
25
sin q
We also know that tan q =
cosq
On solving, we get the final term given as :
 1 1
sin q = −
2 5
We know that cos 2 q = 1 − sin 2 q
38 | OSWAAL 1 1 SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII
cosq = NCERT
+
2 5
sin q Q. 17. The number of real solutions of the equation :
We also know that tan q = p 
cosq 1+cos2x = 2cos−1 (cosx) in  , p  is
On solving, we get the final term given as : 2 
(a) 0 (b) 1
1 2  (c) 2 (d) ∞
⇒ tan  cos−1   [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 36, Page 39]
2 5
Ans. Correct option : (a)
5−2 Explanation : We have,
= tan tan −1
5+2 p 
1 + cos 2x = 2 cos−1(cos x ),  , p 
5−2 5−2          2 
= ×
5+2 5−2 ⇒ 1 + 2 cos2 x − 1 = 2 cos−1(cos x )

( 5 − 2 )2 ⇒        2 cos x = 2 cos−1(cos x )

=  cos−1(cos x ) = x 
5−4 ⇒         cos x = x
Which is not true for any real value of x.
= 5−2
Hence, there is no solution possible for the given
1 2  equation.
⇒ tan  cos−1 = 5−2
2 5 −1 −1
Q. 18. If cos x > sin x , then
−1 −1  2x  1 1
Q. 15. If x ≤ 1 , then 2tan x + sin  (a) <x ≤1 (b) 0 ≤ x <
x 2 
is equal to
 1+ 2 2
(a) 4tan −1 x (b) 0 1
p (c) −1 ≤ x < (d) x > 0
(c) (d) p 2
2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 37, Page 39]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 34, Page 39]
Ans. Correct option : (c)
Ans. Correct option : (a)
Explanation : Given that, cos−1 x > sin −1 x where
Explanation : We have, x ∈ [ −1, 1]
 2x 
2 tan −1 x + sin −1  2  Now, we have
1+ x  −1 −1
          cos x sin x
Let x = tan q π
⇒ − sin −1 x > sin −1 x
2 tan q 2
∴ 2 tan −1 tan q + sin −1
1 + tan 2 q π
⇒       > 2 sin −1 x
 2 tan q  2
= 2q + sin −1 sin 2q  sin 2q = 1 + tan 2 q  π
  ⇒       sin −1 x < ...(i)
4
= 2q + 2q π π
= 4q But           − ≤ sin −1 x ≤ ...(ii)
2 2
q = tan −1 x  π
= 4tan −1 x −1
From (i) and (ii) sin x <
Q. 16. If cos−1a + cos−1 b +cos−1g = 3p , then 4
a ( b + g ) + b (g + a ) + g (a + b ) equals  π π
⇒ sin  −  ≤ x < sin
(a) 0 (b) 1  2 4
(c) 6 (d) 12 1
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 35, Page 39] ⇒ −1 ≤ x <
2
Ans. Correct option : (c)
Explanation : We have,
−1
( )
Q. 19. Solve sin tan x , x < 1 is equal to
cos−1 a + cos−1 b + cos−1 g = 3p , x 1
(a) (b)
We know that, 0 ≤ cos−1 x ≤ p 1− x 2
1 − x2
⇒ cos−1 a + cos−1 b + cos−1 g = 3p 1 x
(c) (d)
−1 −1
If and only if, cos a = cos b = cos g = p −1 1+ x 2 1+ x 2
⇒ cosp = a = b = g  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 15, Page 52]
Ans. Correct option : (d)
⇒ −1 = a = b = g Explanation : Let us, tan −1 x = y .
⇒ a = b = g = −1 ⇒     tan y = x
∴a ( b + g ) + b (g + a ) + g (a + b ) x
sin y =
1 + x2
= −1( −1 − 1) − 1(1 − 1) − 1( −1 − 1)
               
               = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 39

 x  p
∴ tan −1 3 =
∴ y = sin −1   3
 1+ x 
2
                           Let sec−1(−2) = y. Then,
−1  x 
−1 p   p 2p
⇒ tan x = sin   sec y = −2 = − sec   = sec  p −  = sec
 1+ x 
2
         3  3 3 .
Therefore, we have We know that the range of the principal value
 x  p 
( )
sin tan −1 x = sin  sin −1 
branch of sec−1 is [0, p ] −   .
2
 1 + x2 
2p
x ∴ sec −1( −2) =
= 3
        1 + x2
p Hence,
Q. 20. Solve sin ( 1 − x ) − 2sin x = , then x is equal to
−1 −1

2 tan −1( 3 ) − sec −1( −2)

1 1 p 2p
(a) 0, (b) 1, = −
2 2 3 3
1 p
(c) 0 (d) =−
2 3
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 16, Page 52] x x−y
Ans. Correct option : (c) Q. 22. Solve that : tan −1   − tan −1 is equal to
y
  x +y
Explanation : Given that,
p p
p (a) (b)
sin −1 (1 − x ) − 2 sin −1 x = 2 3
2
Let, x = sin y , then y=sin−1x p −3p
(c) (d)
p 4 4
∴ sin −1 (1 − sin y ) − 2 y =
2  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 17, Page 52]
p Ans. Correct option : (c)
⇒ sin (1 − sin y ) = + 2 y
−1

2 Explanation :
p  x x−y
⇒      1 − sin y = sin  + 2 y  tan −1   − tan −1
2  y x +y
 
⇒     1 − sin y = cos 2 y  x x−y 
 − 
    1 − sin y = 1 − 2 sin y
2
⇒ y x+y 
= tan −1 
  x  x − y  
 cos 2 y = 1 − 2 sin y 
2
 1 +   
⇒       2 sin 2 y − sin y = 0   y  x + y  
 −1 a − b 
      2x 2 − x = 0       [ x = sin y ]
−1 −1
⇒ ∴ tan a − tan b = tan 1 + ab 
 
⇒         x ( 2x − 1) = 0
1  x ( x + y ) − y( x − y ) 
⇒          x = 0 or, x =  
2 y( x + y )
= tan 
−1

1
But x =does not satisfy the given equation.  y( x + y ) + x ( x − y ) 
2  y( x + y ) 
 
∴ x = 0 is the solution of the given equation.
Q. 21. Find the value of tan −1 3 − sec −1 ( −2) is equal to  x 2 + xy − xy + y 2 
= tan −1  
 xy + y + x − xy 
2 2
p
(a) π (b) −
3  x2 + y2 
= tan −1  2 2 
p 2p x +y 
(c) (d)
3 3 = tan −1(1)
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 14, Page 42] p
=
Ans. Correct option : (b) 4
Explanation: −1
p Q. 23. If sin x = y , then
−1
Let tan 3 = x . Then, tan x = 3 = tan . p p
3 (a) 0 ≤ y ≤ p (b) −≤y≤
2 2
We know that the range of the principal value
p p
 −p p  (c) 0 < y < p (d) − < y <
branch of tan−1 is  , . 2 2
 2 2
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 13, Page 42]
40 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Ans. Correct option : (b) p  1 

Explanation : Given, sin  − sin −1  −  
3  2 
Given, sin−1x = y.
p  1 
We know that the range of the principal value = sin  + sin −1   
3  2 
branch of sin−1 is  − p , p  .
 2 2 p p 
  = sin  + 
3 6
 p p
Hence,  − ≤ y ≤  .  3p 
 2 2 = sin  
 6 
 7π 
Q. 24. cos −1  cos is equal to p 
 6  = sin  
2
7π 5π
(a) (b) =1
6 6
(c)
π
(d)
π ( )
Q. 26. tan −1 3 − cot −1 − 3 is equal to
π
3 6 (a) p (b) −
2
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 19, Page 48]
(c) 0 (d) 2 3
Ans. Correct option : (b)
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 21, Page 48;
Explanation : CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2018]
 7p  Ans. Correct option : (b)
Given, cos−1  cos
 6  Explanation :
  5p   Here, tan −1 3 − cot −1( − 3 )
= cos−1 cos  2p − 
  6   = tan −1 3 − (p − cot −1 3 )  [cot −1( − x ) = p − cot −1 x]
5p = tan −1 3 − p + cot −1 3
Since, ∈ [0, p ]
6 1
 5p  5p = tan −1 3 + tan −1 −p
Thus, cos−1  cos  = 3
 6  6
 1 
 3+
π  1  = tan −1 3  − p
Q. 25. sin  − sin −1  −   is equal to 1 
3  2   1− 3 ×
1  1  3 
(a) (b)
2 3  1 
 3+
3  − p
1
(c) (d) 1 = tan −1
4 0
 
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 20, Page 48]  
Ans. Correct option : (d) = tan −1 ∞ − p
Explanation : p p
= −p = −
2 2
p
=−
2

Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 or 2 marks each)

 1   p 
Q. 1. The principle value of cos−1  − 
 2
= cos−1 cos  p −   [cos(π − θ) = cos θ]
is__________________.   3 

 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 38, Page 40]  2p 
Ans. Given that, = cos−1  cos
 3 
 1
cos−1  −  2p
 2 =  cos−1(cos x ) = x if x ∈ [0, p ]
3        
 1  2p
 p Hence, the principle value of cos−1  −  is . [2]
= cos−1  − cos   2 3
 3
 3p 
Q. 2. The value of sin −1  sin is ________________.
 5 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 39, Page 40]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 41
p p 14p  14p
Ans. We know that − ≤ sin −1 x ≤ 
cos−1  cos ≠
2 2
 3  3
 3p 
∴ sin −1  sin  14p
 5  Since, ∉ [0, p ] [1]
3
 3p 
−1
= sin sin  p −
 5 
(−1 −1
)
Q. 7. The value of cos sin x +cos x , where x ≤ 1 is
_________.[NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 44, Page 40]
 2p 
= sin −1  sin
 5 
(
Ans. cos sin −1 x + cos−1 x )
2p p  −1 −1 p
= ⇒ cos = 0  sin x + cos x = 2 
5 [2]
2         [2]

( −1
)
−1
Q. 3. If cos tan x +cot 3 = 0 , then the value of x is
Q. 8. The value of expression tan 
 sin −1 x +cos−1 x 
,
________________.  2 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 40, Page 40] 3
when x = , is ____________.
(
Ans. We have, cos tan −1 x + cot −1 3 = 0 ) 
2
[NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 45, Page 40]
⇒     tan x + cot
−1 −1
3 = cos−1 0 Ans.
p  sin −1 x + cos−1 x 
⇒     tan −1 x + cot −1 3 = cos−1 cos tan  
2  2 
⇒     tan −1 x + cot −1 3 = p π 
2    p
= tan  2  −1 −1
 sin x + cos x = 2 
⇒       tan −1 x = p − cot −1 3  2   
2               
⇒       tan −1 x = tan −1 3 p
⇒ tan = 1 [2]
 −1 −1 p 4
 tan x + cot x = 2  2x
  −1
Q. 9. If y = 2tan x + sin
−1
, for all x then _________
⇒   ∴ x = 3 [2] 1+ x 2
1 <y< ________.
Q. 4. The set of values of sec −1 is ________________.
2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 41, Page 40]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 46, Page 40]
1 Ans. Given that,
Ans. Since, domain of sec −1 is R − ( −1,1) 2x
2 y = 2 tan −1 x + sin −1
⇒ ( −∞ , −1) ∪ [1, ∞ ) 1 + x2
1 ⇒ y = 2 tan −1 x + 2 tan −1 x
So, there is no set of values that exist for sec −1
.
2
So, φ is the answer. [2]  −1 −1  2x  
 2 tan x = sin  2 
Q. 5. The principle value of tan −1 3 is _____________.    1 + x 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 42, Page 40] ⇒ y = 4tan −1 x
Ans. Given that, [1]
p  Now, according to principle value of tan −1 x , we
 tan −1 3 = tan −1 tan   know that,
3
p p
− < tan −1 x <
  p p 
 tan ( tan x ) = x , x ∈  − ,  
−1 2 2
   2 2  4p 4p
⇒− < 4 tan −1 x <
p  2 2
= 
         3  [2] ⇒ −2p < 4 tan −1 x < 2p
 14p 
Q. 6. The value of cos−1  cos is_______________. ⇒ −2p < y < 2p
3            y = 4tan x 
−1

 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 43, Page 40]  [1]
−1 −1 −1 x − y
−1  14p  Q. 10. The result tan x − tan y = tan is true
Ans. We have cos  cos 1+ xy
 3  when value of xy is ________________ .
 2π   [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 47, Page 40]
= cos−1 cos  4π +
 3  Ans. We know that given equation
x − y is true because xy is
tan −1 x − tan −1 y = tan −1
cos cos  cos ( 2np + q ) = cosq  1 + xy
      greater than −1, i.e., xy > −1. [2]
2p Q. 11. The value of cot-1(−x) for all x∈R in terms of
=
3       
{
 cos−1 ( cos x ) = x , x ∈ [ 0, p ]
[1] } cot−1 x is __________.
Note to remember that,  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 48, Page 40]
42 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Ans. We know that =π − cot−1x, x∈R. ⇒n=4

So, the value of cot−1(−x) is π − cot-1x. [2]
Q. 12. State True or False for the following statement:
[ n ∈ N and p = 3.14] [2]
All trigonometric functions have inverse over their Q. 18. State True or False for the following statement:
respective domains.
−1   −1 1   p
The principal value of sin cos  sin  is .
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 49, Page 40]
  2   3
Ans. False, we know that all trigonometric functions
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 55, Page 41]
have inverse over their respective domains. [2]
Ans. True,
Q. 13. The value of the expression (cos−1x)2 is equal to
Given that,
sec2x. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 50, Page 40]
2   1 
Ans. False,  (cos−1x)2 =  sec −1  ≠ sec 2 x
1 sin −1 cos  sin −1  
[2]
 x   2 
Q. 14. State True or False for the following statement:
  p 
The domain of trigonometric functions can ⇒ sin −1 cos  sin −1 sin  
be restricted to any one of their branch (not   6 
necessarily principal value) in order to obtain  p   p p 
their inverse functions. = sin −1 cos  −1
 sin (sin x ) = x if x ∈  − ,  
 6   2 2 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 51, Page 40]
Ans. True, we know that the domain of trigonometric  p
= sin −1  sin 
functions is restricted in their domain to obtain  3
their inverse functions. [2]
p   p p 
Q. 15. State True or False for the following statement: =  sin −1(sin x ) = x if x ∈  − ,  
3       2 2  [2]
The least numerical value, either positive or
negative of angle θ is called principal value of the  1
Q. 19. Find the principal values of sin −1  −  .
inverse trigonometric function.  2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 52, Page 40]  [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 1, Page 41]
Ans. True, we know that, the smallest numerical value,  1
either positive or negative of θ is called the principal Ans. Let       y = sin −1  − 
value of the function. [2]  2
−1
Q. 16. State True or False for the following statement: ⇒ sin y =
The graph of inverse trigonometric function can 2
be obtained from the graph of their corresponding  −p 
⇒ sin y = sin  
trigonometric function by interchanging x- and  6 
y-axes. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 53, Page 40] p
Range of principle value of sin −1 is between −
Ans. True, we know that, the graph of an inverse 2
p
function can be obtained from the corresponding and .
graph of original function as a mirror image (i.e., 2  1 −p
Hence, the principal value sin −1  −  is . [2]
reflection) along the line y = x. [1]  2 6
Arc sin x
 3
Q. 20. Find the principal values of cos−1  .
  2 
 
2  [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 2, Page 41]
x Ans. Let, y = cos−1 3
–1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
 ⇒ cos y = 3
2 2
[1] p
⇒ cos y = cos
Q. 17. State True or False for the following statement: 6
The minimum value of n for which We know that principal values of cos−1 is [ 0,p ].
n p   p
tan −1 > , n ∈ N , is valid for 5. Hence, principal value of cos−1  3  is . [2]
p 4  2  6
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 54, Page 41]  
Ans. False, Q. 21. Find the principal values of cosec −1 (2) .
Given that tan −1 n > p  [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 3, Page 41]
p 4 Ans. Let,             y = cosec −1 2
n p 
⇒ > tan   ⇒ cosec y = 2
p 4 p 
n ⇒ cosec y = cosec  
⇒ >1 6
p  p p
Range of principal value of cosec −1 is  − ,  − {0} .
⇒n >p  2 2
p
So the principal value of cosec−1(2) is 6 . [2]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 43
Q. 22. Find the principal value of tan −1 ( − 3) .
Range of principal value of cot −1 is [ 0,p ] .
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 4, Page 41]
p
Ans. Let         y = tan −1( − 3 ) Hence, the principal value of cot −1( 3 ) is . [2]
6
⇒ tan y = − 3  1 
Q. 27. Find the principal values of cos−1  − 
 p  2.
⇒ tan y = tan  − 
 3
Range of the principal value of tan −1 is between  [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 9, Page 42]
 p p −1  1 
− 2 , 2  Ans. Let,     y = cos  − 
 .  2

( ) p
Therefore, the principal value tan −1 − 3 is − . [2]
3 ⇒ cos y =
−1
2
−1  1
Q. 23. Find the principal values of cos  −  .  3p 
 2 ⇒ cos y = cos  
 4 
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 5, Page 41] Range of principal value of cos−1 is between [ 0,p ] .
Ans. Let,      = cos  −   -1  3p
Hence, the principal value of cos−1  is . [2]
   2  4
1
⇒ cos y = − Q. 28. Find the principal values of cosec −1 ( − 2 ) .
2
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 10, Page 42]
 2p 
⇒ cos y = cos   Ans. Let,              y = cosec −1 (− 2)
 3 
Range of principal value of cos−1 is [ 0,p ] . ⇒   cosec y = − 2
 −1  2p  −p 
Hence, the principal cos−1   value is . [2] ⇒ cosec y = cosec  
2
  3  4 
−1
Q. 24. Find the principal values of tan ( −1) .  p p
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 6, Page 41] Range of principal value of cosec −1 is  − ,  − {0}.
 2 2
Ans. Let,       y = tan −1( −1) −1 p
The principal value of cosec ( − 2 ) is − . [2]
⇒ tan y = −1 4
 p 1 1
⇒ tan y = tan  −  Q. 29. Find the value of cos−1   + 2sin −1   .
 4 2 2
 p p
Range of principal value of tan −1 is  − ,  .  [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 12, Page 42]
 2 2
1
 p Ans. Let, cos−1   = x .
Therefore, the principal value of tan −1( −1) is  −  .[2] 2
 4
1 p 
 2  Then, cos x = = cos   .
Q. 25. Find the principal values of sec −1  . 2 3
 3
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 7, Page 42]  
∴ cos   =
 2  2 3
Ans. Let,      y = sec −1  
 3 1
Let, sin −1   = y .
2 2
⇒ sec y =
3 1 p 
Then, sin y = = sin  
p  2 6
⇒ sec y = sec  
6 1 p
p  ∴ sin −1   =
Range of principal value of sec −1 is [ 0, p ] −   . 2 6
2
 2  1  1  p 2p
Therefore, p is the principal value of sec −1  ∴ cos−1   + 2 sin −1   = +
 2 2 3 6
6  3
p p p
is . [2] = +
6 3 3
Q. 26. Find the principal values of cot −1 ( 3) . 2p
=
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 8, Page 42] 3 [2]
Ans. Let,      y = cot −1( 3 )
 1 1
⇒ cot y = 3 ( )
Q. 30. Prove that 3sin −1 x = sin −1 3 x − 4 x 3 , x ∈  − ,  .
 2 2
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 1, Page 47;
⇒ cot y = cot p
6 CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2018]
44 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Ans. In this question, we are using concept of sin 3q . Q. 33. Write the function in the simplest form :
 1 1 1+ 1
(
To prove : 3 sin −1 x = sin −1 3x − 4x 3 , x ∈  − , 
 2 2
) tan , ≠0.

Let, x = sin q .  [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 5, Page 47]

Ans. Given function tan −1 1 + x − 1
−1 2
Then, sin x = q .
We have, x
Put x = tan q
RHS = sin −1 ( 3 x − 4 x 3 )
⇒ q = tan −1 x
= sin −1 ( 3sin q − 4sin 3 q )
1 + x2 − 1  1 + tan 2 q − 1 
∴ tan −1 = tan −1  
                  
= sin −1
( sin 3q ) sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin 3 θ 
x  tan q 
 
                   = 3q  1 + tan 2 q = sec 2 q , where x tends to tanq .
−1
                   = 3sin x  1 − cosq 
                    = LHS = tan −1  
          sin q 
          \ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. [2]
1  2q 
 
2 
(
Q. 31. Prove that 3cos−1 x = cos−1 4 x 3 − 3 x , x ∈  , 1 . ) = tan 
 2 sin 2 
−1

 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 2, Page 47]  2 sin q cos q 
            2 2
Ans. Let, x = cosq .
Then, cos−1 x = q .  q
= tan −1  tan 
We have,  2
RHS = cos −1 ( 4 x 3 − 3 x ) =
q
2
                 
(
= cos−1 4 cos3 q − 3 cosq ) 1
= tan −1 x
         2 [2]
                 
= cos −1
( cos 3q )
Q. 34. Write the function in the simplest form :
                 = 3q tan −1
1
, x > 1 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 6, Page 47]
−1 x2 − 1
                 = 3cos x Ans. Given function
        \ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. [2]
1
2 7 1 tan −1 , x >1
Q. 32. Prove that tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1 . x2 − 1
11 24 2
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 3, Page 47] Put x = cosecq
2 7 1 ⇒ q = cosec −1 x
Ans. To prove : tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1 1 1
11 24 2 ∴ tan −1 = tan −1
We have, x −1
2
cosec 2q − 1
2 7
LHS = tan −1 + tan −1  1  cosec 2θ − cot 2 θ
11 24 = tan −1  
 cot θ   = 1]
 2 7 
 11 + 24  
−1 −1 −1 −1 x + y  = tan −1 ( tanq )
= tan    tan x + tan y = tan 
2 7
 1 − ⋅   1 − xy 
 p
 11 24  Using this formula : cosec −1x + sec −1 x = 
 [1]  2
−1 p −1
= q = cosec x = − sec x
 48 + 77  2 [2]
 
= tan  11 × 24 
−1 Q. 35. Write the function in simplest form :
 11 × 24 − 14   1 − cosx 
tan −1  , x <p .
 11 × 24   1+cosx 
 
 48 + 77   [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 7, Page 47]
= tan −1  
 264 − 14  Ans. Given that,
 125   1 − cos x 
= tan −1   tan −1  , 0< x <p
 250   1 + cos x 
 
1
= tan −1    2 x

2  2 sin 
= tan 
−1 2 
= RHS
 2 cos2 x 
\ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. [1]  2 
 
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 45

 x Here, 13p ∉ [ 0, p ] .
−1
 sin 2  6
= tan    13p 
 cos x  Now, cos−1  cos can be written as:
 2  6 

 x  13p  −1   p 
= tan −1  tan  cos−1  cos  = cos cos  2p + 6  
 2  6    
x   p 
= = cos−1 cos   
2 [2]         6 
  1  where,
Q. 36. Find the value of tan  2cos  2sin −1   .
−1

  2   13p  −1   p 
∴ cos−1  cos  = cos cos  6  
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 11, Page 48]  6     p
1 p p ∈ [ 0, p ]
Ans. sin −1 = = 6
2 6 6    [2]
  1    p  7p 
∴ tan −1  2 cos  2 sin −1   = tan −1  2 cos  2 ×   −1 
Q. 40. Find the value of tan  tan
  2    6   6 
 p  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 2, Page 51]
= tan −1  2 cos 
 p p
 3 Ans. We know that tan −1 ( tan x ) = x , if x ∈  − ,  ,
 1   2 2
= tan −1  2 ×  which is the principal value of tan −1 x .
                2
Here, 7p ∉  − p , p  .
= tan −1(1)
6  2 2 
p
=  7p   p
               4 [2] ∴ tan −1 tan  −1
 = tan tan  p + 6 
 6   
(
Q. 37. Find the value of cot tan −1a +cot −1a . )
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 12, Page 48]  p
= tan −1  tan 
Ans. Given that,  6
(
cot tan −1 a + cot −1 a )         
 tan (p + x ) = tan x

p   p p  p p
= cot   −1 −1
∴ tan x + cot x = 2  = ∈  − , . [2]
        2               6  2 2 
      = 0 [2] −1 4 12 33
Q. 41. Prove that cos +cos−1 = cos−1 .
 −1 1 −1 
5 13 65
Q. 38. If sin  sin +cos x  = 1 , then find the value of x.
 5   [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 5, Page 51]
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 14, Page 48] −1 4 12
Ans. Let, cos = A and cos−1 = B
 1  5 13
Ans. sin  sin −1 + cos−1 x  = 1
 5  4 12
So, cos A = and cosB =
5 13
1
∴ sin −1 + cos−1 x = sin −1 1 3 5
       5 Hence, sin A = and sin B =
−1 1 p 5 13
sin + cos−1 x = We know that,
      5 2
−1 1 p cos ( A + B ) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B
sin = − cos−1 x
       5 2 4 12 3 5
= × − ×
1 p 5 13 5 13
sin −1 = sin −1 x  sin −1 x + cos−1 x = .                 
       5 2
48 15 33
 We use the identity : =− =
p                  65 65 65
sin −1 1 = and 33
2 ⇒ cos( A + B) =
1      65
∴x =
           5 [2] 33
13p  A + B = cos–1
−1  65
Q. 39. Find the value of cos  cos .
 6 
4 13 33
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 1, Page 51] cos−1 + cos−1 = cos−1
5 13 65
Ans. We know that cos−1 ( cos x ) = x , if x ∈ [ 0, p ] , which
Hence proved. [2]
is the principle value of cos−1 x .
46 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

12 3 56 2cos x
Q. 42. Prove that cos−1 + sin −1 = sin −1 . ⇒ = 2cosec x
13 5 65 1 − cos 2 x
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 6, Page 51] 2 cos x 2
⇒ =
Ans. Given that, sin 2 x sin x
12 3 56 ⇒ tan x = 1
cos−1 +sin −1 =sin −1
13 5 65 p
∴x = [2]
−1 3 12 4
Let sin = A and cos−1 = B 1− x 1
5 13 Q. 45. Solve that tan −1 = tan −1 x , ( x > 0 ) .
3 12 1+ x 2
So, sin A = and cosB =
5 13  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 14, Page 52]
4 5 Ans. Given : tan − 1 − x 1
Hence, cos A = and sin B =
1
= tan −1 x ( x > 0)
5 13 1+ x 2
1
We know that, ⇒ tan −1 1 − tan −1 x = tan −1 x
2
sin ( A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
 −1 −1 −1 x − y 
3 12 4 5  tan x − tan y = tan 
= × + ×   1 + xy 
5 13 5 13
p 3
36 20 ⇒ = tan −1 x
= + 4 2
65 65 p
⇒ tan −1 x =
56 6
⇒ sin ( A + B) = p
65 ⇒    x = tan
56 6
⇒ A + B = sin −1 1
65 ∴ x=
−1 12 3 56 3 [2]
Thus, cos + sin −1 = sin −1 2π 
13 5 65 −1 
Q. 46. Find the values of the expression sin  sin
 3 
Hence proved. [2]
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 16, Page 48]
1 −1  1 − x 
 , x ∈ [ 0, 1] .
−1
Q. 43. Prove that tan x = cos  Ans.
2  1+ x 
 2p 
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 9, Page 52] Given, sin −1  sin
 3 
Ans. Let x = tan 2 q .
  p 
Then, x = tan q ⇒ q = tan −1 x . = sin −1  sin  p −  
  3 
1 − x 1 − tan 2 q
∴ = = cos 2q  p
1 + x 1 + tan 2 q = sin −1  sin  [ sin (p − q ) = sin q ]
 3
 1 − tan 2 θ 
cos 2θ =  p
 1 + tan 2 θ  =
 3
1 1− x  1 π  π π
cos −1   = cos ( cos 2θ )
−1
RHS = Since, ∈  − , 
2 1+ x  2 3  3 2
1  2π  π
= × 2θ ∴ sin −1  sin =
2  3  3 [2]
=θ Q. 47. Find the values of each of the expression
= tan −1 x  3π 
tan −1  tan  [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 17, Page 48]
= LHS  4 
∴ LHS = RHS Hence proved. [2] Ans.  3π 
Given, tan −1  tan 
 4 
Q. 44. Solve that 2tan −1 ( cosx ) = tan −1 ( 2cosecx ) .
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 13, Page 52]   p 
[NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 9, Page 36] = tan −1 tan  p −  
  4 
[CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2016]
  −p  
Ans. Given : 2 tan −1 ( cos x ) = tan −1 ( 2cosecx ) = tan −1 tan  
  4 
 2cos x 
⇒ tan −1   = tan ( 2cosec x ) p
−1

 1 − cos x 
2 ⇒−
4
 −1 −1 2x   3p  p
 2 tan x = tan 1 − x 2  ∴ tan −1  tan  = −
    4  4 [2]
 1 1
LHS = 2 tan −1 + tan −1
INVERSE
2 TRIGONOMETRIC
7 FUNCTIONS | 47
1
2⋅
2 + tan −1 1  2 tan −1 x = tan −1 2 x 
Short Answer Type Questions = tan −1
1
1−  
2
7 (3 or 4 marks1 −each) x 2 
2
Q. 1. Find the value of: = tan −1 1
+ tan −1
1
 1  1 3 7
tan −1 (1) + cos −1  −  + sin −1  −   
 2  2 4
 [NCERT Ex. 2.1, Q. 11, Page 42] −1 4 1
= tan + tan −1
Ans. Let, tan−1(1) = x. 3 7
tan x = 1 4 1
 +  
p −1 x + y 
= tan −1 
Then, 3 7
= tan .
−1 −1
 tan x + tan y = tan 
4  4 1  1 − xy 
p 1 − ⋅ 
∴ tan −1(1) =  3 7
4
 28 + 3 
−1  1   
Let, cos  −  = y.
= tan −1 
21 
 2  21 − 4 
1  
Then, cos y = −  21 
2
 31 
p  = tan −1  
= − cos    17 
3
         = RHS
 p
= cos  p −  [ cos(p − q ) = − cosq ] \ LMS = RMS Hence proved.  [3]
 3
Q. 3. Write the function in the simplest form:
 2p 
= cos  .  cosx − sinx 
 3  tan −1  , x < π
 cosx + sinx 
 1  2p
∴ cos−1  −  =  [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 8, Page 47]
 2 3 Ans. Given that,
 1 − sin
Let, sin −1  −  = z. Then, −1  cosx −xsin x  x 
−1  cos
 2 tantan  cos  cos
  x + sin x  x 
x + sin
1 sin x 
sin z = −   1sin − x 
2  −11 −
= tan
= tan −1
  cossin x x 
cos
p  x
= − sin   + x  
 1 + 1sin
6  cos x 
 cos x 
 p −1  1 − tan
x x 
= −1  1 −
tan tan
= sin  −  . = tan   1 + tan x 

 6  1 + tan x 
 1 p = −1
− tan −1   tan −1 x − y
−1 x − y = tan −1
− tan −1 
−1  y 
∴ sin −1  −  = − = tan (1) (−1)tan
tan
−1 −1
(tan (tan
x ) x) tan 1 + = tan
xy
−1
x −xtan y
 2 6   1 + xy  
Now, we have, π
= −x
 1  1  π 2π π 4
tan −1(1) + cos−1  −  + sin −1  −  = + −
 2  2 4 3 6  x−y 
3π + 8π − 2π Note that : tan −1  −1
 = tan x − tan y
−1
[3]
=  1 + xy 
12 Q. 4. Write the function in the simplest form:
9π x
= tan −1 , x <a
12
a − x2
2
3π
=  [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 9, Page 48]
4 [3]
x
1 1 31 Ans. Given functions, tan −1
Q. 2. Prove that 2tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1 a2 − x 2
2 7 17
Put x = a sin q
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 4, Page 47]
x
Ans. To prove : 2 tan −1 1 + tan −1 1 = tan −1 31 ⇒ = sin q
2 7 17 a
1 1 x
LHS = 2 tan −1 + tan −1 ⇒ q = sin −1  
2 7 a
1 x
2⋅ ∴ tan −1
= tan −1 2 + tan −1 1  2 tan −1 x = tan −1 2 x 
2
7  1 − x 2 
a2 − x 2 
1
1−    a sin q 
2 = tan −1  
 a − a sin q 
2 2 2
1 1
= tan −1 + tan −1
3 7  a sin q 
  = tan −1  
4  a 1 − sin q 
2

4 1
 x
⇒ = sin q   2 tan A 
a = sin −1(sin 2q )  sin 2 A =  
 1 + tan q
2
x  
⇒ q = sin −1   = 2q
a
48 | OSWAAL NCERT
∴ tan −1
= 2 tan −1 x
x SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII
a2 − x 2 Let, y = tan φ.
 a sin q  Then, φ = tan −1 y.
−1
= tan  
 a − a sin q
2 2 2
 1 − y2  1 − tan 2 f 
∴ cos−1 = cos−1  
 a sin q  1+ y 2
 1 + tan f 
2

= tan −1     1 − tan 2 A  
 a 1 − sin q 
2
= cos−1(cos 2f )  cos 2 A =  
 1 + tan A  
2
 a sin q  
= tan −1  
 a cosq  = 2f
= tan −1(tan q ) = 2 tan −1 y
=q 1 2x 1 − y2 
∴ tan sin −1 + cos−1 
x 2 1+ x 2
1 + y2 
= sin −1
a  [3] 1
= tan [ 2 tan −1 x + 2 tan −1 y]
2
Q. 5. Write the function in the simplest form :
= tan[tan −1 x + tan −1 y]
 3a2 x − x 3  −a a
tan −1  3 2 
, a > 0; ≤x≤   x + y 
 a − 3 ax  3 3. = tan tan −1  
  1 − xy  
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 10, Page 48]
A+B
Ans. Hence Proved.  tan −1 A + tan −1 B = tan −1 =
1 − AB
 3a 2 x − x 3 
tan −1  3 2 
x+y
=
 a − 3ax  1 − xy
Put x = a tan q
3 24
x Q. 7. Prove that 2sin −1 = tan −1  [3]
⇒ = tan q 5 7
a−1  3a 2 x − x 3 
tan  3  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 3, Page 51]
x 2
a −−31 ax
⇒ q = tan  3
a Ans. Let sin −1 = x.
Put x = a tan q 5
 3a 2 x − x 3   3a 2 ⋅ a tan q − a3 tan 3 q 
x −1  3
∴ tan  = tan −1   3
⇒ = tan a q− 3ax 2  Then, sin x = .
 a − 3a ⋅ a tan q 
3 2 2
a  5
x  3a3 tan q − a3 tan 3 q  2
⇒ q = tan −1 = tan −1   3
cos x = 1 −  
 a − 3a tan q 
3 3 2
a 5
−1  3a x − x   3a ⋅ a tan q −3 a tan q 
2 3 2 3 3
∴ tan  3 tan−−113 tan3q − tan2 q  2
== tan
2   =
4
 a − 3ax   1a− 3−tan 3a ⋅ aq tan  q 
2
5
 3a33tan
= tan −1(tan q ) q − a tan q 
3 3
3
= tan −1   ∴ tan x =
 a −33tan a tanA − qtan 3 A  4
3 3 2

  tan 3 A =  −1 3
 −1  3 tan q −1tan
= tan
q  2 A [3]
− 33tan ∴ x = tan
 2  4
 = 3q  1 − 3 tan q 
−1 3 3
−1 ⇒ sin = tan −1
Q. 6. Find the value of = tan −(tan x 3q ) 5 4 [1]
= 3 tan 1
1  2x 1 − y 2
 a 3 tan A − tan 3 A  Now, we have :
tan sin −1 + cos −1  tan , x < 1, y > 0 and
2  3A =
xy < 1.
2 1+ x 2
1 + y  1 − 3 tan 2 A  3 3
LHS = 2sin −1 = 2 tan −1
= 3q 5 4
 
= 3 tan −1
x  2× 3 
a −1  4 
= tan
  3 2 
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 13, Page 48]  1 −   
Ans.  4 
Let, x = tan q .  3 
Then, q = tan x. −1  
= tan  2 
−1
16 − 9 
∴ sin −1
2x  2 tan q 
= sin −1   
  16 
1 + x2  1 + tan q 
2

 3 16   2x 
  2 tan A   = tan −1  ×   2 tan −1 x = tan −1
= sin −1(sin 2q )  sin 2 A =    2 7   1 − x 2 
 1 + tan q  
2

24
= 2q = tan −1
7
= 2 tan −1 x = RHS
Let, y = tan φ. ∴ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. [2]
Then, φ = tan −1 y.
1 − y2 −1  1 − tan f 
2
∴ cos−1 = cos  
1 + y2  1 + tan f 
2

  2

 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 49
8 3 77  1 + sin x + 1 − sin x 
Q. 8. Prove that sin −1 + sin −1 = tan −1 LHS = cot −1 
17 5 36 
 1 + sin x − 1 − sin x 
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 4, Page 51]
8 3  x
LHS = sin −1 + sin −1 = cot −1  cot 
17 5  2
−1 8 3 x
= tan + tan −1 =
17 − 8
2 2
5 − 32
2
2
 −1 a a  = RHS
 sin = tan −1  \ LHS = RHS. Hence proved, [3]
 b b −a 
2 2
Q. 10. Prove that
8 3
= tan −1 + tan −1  1+ x − 1− x  π 1 1
15 4 tan −1  = − cos −1 x , − ≤ x ≤1
 1 + x + 1 − x  4 2 2
  8 3   
  15 + 4   [Hint : put x = cos 2θ]
= tan −1  
 8 3   [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 11, Page 52]
1 − ×
  15 4  
  Ans.
1
 −1 −1 −1  x + y 
 Put x = cos 2θ so that θ = cos −1 x. Then, we have :
 tan x + tan y = tan    2
  1 − xy   1 + x − 1 − x
  32 + 45   LHS = tan −1  
Ans.   15 × 4    1+ x + 1− x 
= tan −1   Ans.  1 + cos 2θ − 1 − cos 2θ 
  15 × 4 − 8 × 3   = tan −1  
  
15 × 4    1 + cos 2θ + 1 − cos 2θ 

  77    2 cos 2 θ − 2 sin 2 θ 
  60   = tan −1  
 2 cos 2 θ + 2 sin 2 θ 
= tan −1    
  36  
  60   1 + cos 2 A = 2 cos 2 A 
   
 & 1 − cos 2 A = 2 sin A 
2

−1  77 
= tan    2 cosθ −
 36  2 sin θ 
= tan −1  
= RHS  2 cosθ + 2 sin θ 
\ LHS = RHS. Hence proved, [3]  cosθ − sin θ 
= tan −1  
Q. 9. Prove that  cosθ + sin θ 
 1 + sinx + 1 − sinx  x  π  1 − tan θ 
cot −1   = , x ∈  0,  = tan −1  
  1 + tan θ 
 1 + sinx − 1 − sinx  2  4
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 10, Page 52] = tan −1 1 − tan −1 tan θ
Ans. Consider,  
−1  x −  −1 −1
1 + sin x + 1 − sin x  tan   = tan x − tan 
 1+ x  
1 + sin x − 1 − sin x
p
= −q
( )
2
1 + sin x + 1 − sin x 4
= (By rationalising) p 1
( ) −( )
2 2
1 + sin x 1 − sin x = − cos −1 x
4 2
(1 + sin x ) + (1 − sin x ) + 2 (1 + sin x )(1 − sin x ) = RHS
=
1 + sin x − 1 + sin x ∴ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. [3]

=
(
2 1 + 1 − sin x 2
) Q. 11. Prove that
9π 9 −1 1 9 −1 2 2
− sin = sin .
2sin x 8 4 3 4 3
1 + cos x  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 12, Page 52]
= 9p 9 −1 1
sin x Ans. LHS = − sin
8 4 3
x  2 A 
2cos 2
2  1 + cos A = 2cos 2  9p
=  − sin −1 
1 
= 
x x A A 4 2 3
2sin cos  & 2sin A = 2sin cos 
2 2  2 2 9 1  p
x =  cos−1        sin −1 x + cos−1 x =   …(i)
= cot 4 3  2
2
50 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

1 Ans. p 
Now, let cos−1 = x. LHS = cot  − 2 cot −1 3 
3 4 
1 p
Then, cos x = −1 1 
= cot  − 2 tan
3 4 3 
2
1   1  
sin x = 1 −  
3    2 ×  
p  3  
= cot  − tan −1   2
2 2 4  1  
=   1 −   
3    3  
2 2
∴ x = sin −1  −1 −1 2x 
3  2 tan x = tan 1 − x 2 
 
1 2 2 p
cos−1 = sin −1  3 
3 3 = cot  − tan −1 
4 4
9 −1 2 2
∴ LHS = sin = RHS Hence proved. p 4
4 3 [3] = cot  − cot −1 
 4 3
−1  5π  −1  13π  p  4
Q. 12. Find the value of tan  tan + cos  cos .
 6   6  cot cot  cot −1  + 1
4  3
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 1, Page 35] =
 −1 4  p
cot  cot − cot
3 
Ans. We have,
 4
 5p  −1  13p 
tan −1  tan  + cos  cos 6   cot A cot B + 1 
 6     cot( A − B) = cot B − cot A 
 
  p    p  4 7
= tan −1 tan  p −   + cos−1 cos  2p +   +1
  6     6  3
= = 3 = 7 = RHS
 p  p 4 1
= tan −1  − tan  + cos−1  cos  −1
 6  6  3 3 [3]
∴ LHS = RHS. Hence proved.
  p   p
= tan −1 tan  −   + cos−1  cos  Q. 15. Find the value of
  6   6
 1  −1  1  −1   π 
p p tan −1  −  + cot   + tan sin  −   .
=− +  3  3   2 
6 6
=0  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 4, Page 35]
[As we know that the range of the principal value Ans. We have,
 p p
branch of tan−1 is  − ,  and cos−1 is [0,π].]  1  −1  1  −1   π 
 2 2 tan −1  −  + cot   + tan sin  −  
 3  3   2 
Hence, the value of
  π 

tan −1  tan
5p  
+ cos−1  cos
13p 
= 0. [3]
 1 
= tan −1  −  + tan
−1
( )
3 + tan −1  − sin   
 6   6   3   2 
 − 3 π 
Q. 13. Evaluate : cos cos −1  .
 2  6 
+
   
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 2, Page 35]
 1 
= tan −1  −
 3
 + tan

( )
−1
3 + tan −1[ −1]
Ans. We have,
−1  p  p  p
 − 3 p = tan  − tan  + tan −1  tan  + tan −1  − tan 
cos cos−1  +  6  3  4
 2  6 
      p    p    p 
= tan −1 tan  −   + tan −1  tan  + tan −1 tan  −  
  5p  p  5p − 3    6   3    4 
= cos cos−1  cos + 6  cos = 
  6    6 2  [As we know that the range of the principal value
 5p p  branch of tan−1 is  − p , p  .]
= cos 
 6 6
{
+   cos−1 cos x = x , x ∈ [0, p ] }  2 2
 
p p p
 6p  =− + −
= cos   6 3 4
 6  −2p + 4p − 3p
= cos(p ) = −1 [3] =
12
 π −1 
Q. 14. Prove that cot  − 2cot 3  = 7 . p
=−
4  12 [3]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 3, Page 35]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 51

 2π  ⇒                  x2 + x = 0
Q. 16. Find the value of tan −1  tan .
 3  ⇒          x(x + 1) = 0
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 5, Page 35] ⇒            x = 0 or x = –1 [1]
Ans. We have, Q. 19. Find the value of the expression :
 2p   1
tan −1  tan sin  2tan −1  + cos (tan −1 2 2 ) .
 3   3
 p  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 8, Page 36]
= tan −1 tan  p −  Ans. Given that,
 3
 p  1
= tan −1  − tan  [ tan −1( − x ) = − tan −1 x] sin  2 tan −1  + cos(tan −1 2 2 )
 3  3

 −p    −p p     
= tan −1 tan   2 × 1 
−1
  tan (tan x ) = x , x ∈  ,  

p
 3    2 2 
= sin tan −1 
 (
3   + cos tan −1 2 2
  1 2   ) [1]
=−   1 −    
 3 [3]    3   
π  4 
Q. 17. Show that 2tan −1 ( −3) = − + tan −1  −  .  −1 −1 2x  [½]
2  3  2 tan x = tan 1 − x 2 
 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 6, Page 35]
Ans. LHS = 2tan–1(–3)   2 
  
= –2tan–1(3)      [As tan–1(–x) = –tan–1 (x)]
  8  
(
= sin tan −1  3   + cos tan −1 2 2 )
 2×3   –1 2x 
  9  
−1
= − tan  2  2tan x = tan 1 − x 2 
–1

      1 − (3)   
6
= − tan −1  
 3
(
= sin tan −1  + cos tan −1 2 2
 4
)
 −8 
 3   1 
 3 = sin sin −1  + cos  cos
−1

= − tan −1  −   9 + 16   8 +1 
       4
  −1 a a  
 4  –1  1     tan = sin −1  
 tan x = cot   
−1 –1
= − cot  −    b a +b 
2 2

       3   x 
 
p  4   p and  tan −1 a = cos−1 b 

= −  − tan −1  −    tan x + cot x = 2 
–1 –1
  b a 2
+ b2  
      
2  3    
p  4  3  1 [1]
= − + tan −1  −  = sin sin −1  + cos  cos−1 
2  3  5  3
     
     = RHS [3] 3 1
= +
     \ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. 5 3
Q. 18. Find the real solution of the equation : 9+5
=
π 15
tan −1 x( x + 1) + sin −1 x 2 + x + 1 = .
2 14
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 7, Page 36] = [½]
15
Ans. Given that,
p  1  1
tan −1 x( x + 1) + sin −1 x 2 + x + 1 = Q. 20. Show that cos  2 tan −1  = sin  4 tan −1 .
2  7   3 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 10, Page 36]
⇒ cot −1 x( x + 1) = sin −1 x 2 + x + 1 Ans. We have,
p  1  1
 cos  2 tan −1  = sin  4 tan −1 
 tan x + cot x = 2 
–1 –1

            7  3

1    1 2  
⇒ sin −1 = sin −1 x 2 + x + 1[2]   1 −   
x2 + x + 1  1
⇒ cos cos−1    2   = sin  2.2 tan −1 
7
   1    3
 −1 a b    1 +    
 As cot = sin −1 
b a 2
+ b 2     
7 
  
 −1  1 − x 
2

1 −1
 2 tan x = cos 
⇒ = x2 + x + 1 2 
x2 + x + 1   1 + x  

⇒         x2 + x + 1 = 1
52 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

   −1  3 4 
  48     2  Q. 22. Find the simplified form of cos  cos x + sin x  ,
   5 5 
⇒ cos cos−1  49   = sin  2.  tan −1 3   −3p p 
  1   where x ∈  , .
 50  
2
 
  1 −      4 4
  49  
   3     [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 13, Page 36]
Ans. Given :
  48 × 49    −1  18  
⇒ cos cos−1    = sin  2 tan    3
  50 × 49     24   Let, cos y =
5
  24    3 4
⇒ cos cos−1    = sin  2 tan −1  ⇒ sin y =
  25    4       5
3
 3  ∴ y = cos−1
 −1  24    −1 2 × 4  5
⇒ cos cos    = sin  sin  −1 4
  25    9 = sin
1 +  5
 16 
−1  4 
 −1 −1 2 x  = tan  
 2 tan x = sin 1 + x 2  3 [2]
       

 3 
24  −1 2  5 4
⇒ = sin  sin 
25  25 

 16  y 3
24 48 ∴ cos–1 [cos y. cos x + sin y. sin x]
⇒ =
25 50 = cos–1 [cos(y – x)]
24 24  [∴ cos(A – B) = cos A. cos B + sin A. Sin B]
∴ = 
25 25 −1 4 
= y−x  y = tan 3 
  [1]
\ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. [3]
Q. 21. Solve the following equation : 4
= tan −1 −x
 3 3
cos(tan −1 x ) = sin  cot −1  .
 4  Q. 23. Show that sin −1 5 + cos−1 3 = tan −1 63 .
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 11, Page 36] 13 5 16
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 15, Page 36]
Ans. Given that,
[NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 7, Page 51]
 3
cos(tan −1 x ) = sin  cot −1  Ans. LHS = sin −1 + cos−1 3
5
 4
13 5
 1   −1 4 
⇒ cos  cos−1  = sin  sin  5 52 − 32
= tan −1 + tan −1
 x +1 
2 2
 4 + 32
2
 132 − 52 3
 −1 a b  
−1
a a a b2 − a2 
 tan b = cos   sin −1 = tan −1 and cos−1 = tan −1 
 b 2
+ a 2
  b b2 − a2 b a 
 −1 a −1 b  5 4
and cot = sin  = tan −1 + tan −1
  b b +a 
2 2
12 3
1 4  5 4 
⇒ =  + 
x +1 4 + 32 = tan −1  12 3 
2 2 2

1 4 5
1 − × 4
⇒ =  12 3 
x +12 5
 −1  x + y 

Squaring both sides, we have −1 −1
 tan x + tan y = tan  
1 16   1 − xy  
= 
   x + 1 25
2
  15 + 48  
⇒    25 = 16x2 + 16   12 × 3  
⇒    16x2 = 9 = tan −1    
  12 × 3 − 5 × 4  
9   12 × 3 
⇒ x2 =  
16
3   63  
⇒ x=±   36  
4 = tan −1    
3 3   16  
Hence,      x = or x = − [3]   36  
4 4  
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 53
 63   a −a a −a
= tan −1   = tan tan −1 2 1 + tan −1 3 2 +
 16   1 + a 2 ⋅ a1 1 + a3 ⋅ a2
= RHS [3] 
a −a
∴ LHS = RHS. Hence proved. .... + tan −1 n n −1 
1 2 1 1 + a n ⋅ a n −1 
Q. 24. Prove that tan −1 + tan −1 = sin −1 .
4 9 5 (
= tan  tan a2 − tan a1 + tan a3 − tan a2
−1 − 1
) ( − 1 −1
)
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 16, Page 36]
Ans. = 1
LHS tan −1 + tan −1
2 (
+... + tan −1 an − tan −1 an −1  )
4 9
= tan tan −1 an − tan −1 a1 
 1 2 
 4 + 9 
= tan −1      a −a 
= tan tan −1 n 1 
  1 2  1 + an ⋅ a1 
1 −  4 × 9   
        −1  x − y 
  x + y  
-1
∴ tan x − tan y = tan −1  
−1
 tan x + tan y =
−1
tan −1     1 + xy  
   1 − xy  
an − a1
  9 + 8=   =
1 + an ⋅ a1
 ( −1
 tan tan x x  [3] ) 
  4×9  
= tan −1     Q. 26. Prove that
  4 × 9 − 1× 2   π 1 a π 1 a  2b
  4 × 9   tan  + cos−1  + tan  − cos−1  =
       4 2 b 4 2 b a
  17    [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2017]
  
−1  36  1 a
= tan   Ans. Let cos −1
=x
  34   [½]
  2 b
  36  
      
p  p 
LHS = tan  + x  + tan  − x 
−1  17  4 4
= tan      
      34  1 + tan x 1 − tan x
= +
1       1 − tan x 1 + tan x
= tan −1  
     2 [1½]
1   2(1 + tan 2 x ) 2
= sin −1 −1 a −1 a = =
 tan = sin  1 − tan 2
x cos 2x
1 +2
2 2
b a2 + b2            [1]
      
2b
1 = = RHS [1]
= sin -1           a
     5
∴ LHS = RHS. Hence proved.
     = RHS [3] Q. 27. Find the value of
∴ LHS = RHS. Hence proved.
1 2x 1 − y2 
Q. 25. If a1, a2, a3,……… an is an arithmetic progression cot cos−1 2
+ sin −1  , x < 1, y > 0
2 1+ x 1 + y2 
with common difference d, then evaluate the
following expression : and xy < 1. [CBSE Board, Foreign Scheme, 2017]
   1  −1  2x   1 − y 2 
d −1  d 
Ans. cot cos  + sin −1 
tan  tan −1   + tan  + 2  2 
 1+ a1 a2   1+ a2 a3 
2  1+ x   1 + y  

 d  −1  d  1 p  2x  p  1 − y 2 
tan −1   +....+ tan   = cot  − sin −1  2 
+ − cos−1  2 
 1+ a3 a4   1+ an − 1 an   2  2 1+ x  2  1 + y  
[1]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 19, Page 37] 1
=cot [p − 2 tan −1 x − 2 tan −1 y]
Ans. We have, a1 = a, a2 = a +d, a3 = a + 2d… 2 [1]
And d = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = a4 – a3 =…= an – an–1 p 
=cot  − (tan −1 x + tan −1 y )
Given that, 2  [1]
  d  −1  d 
tan tan −1   + tan  +   x+y
+ a a + −1  x + y 
  1 1 2   a2 a3 
1 = tan = tan  
  1 − xy   1 − xy [1]
 d  −1  d 
tan −1   + .... + tan  
−1 x − 3 x+3 π
 1 + a3a4   1 + an −1an   Q. 28. If tan + tan −1 = , then find the value
x−4 x+4 4
of x. [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
54 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

x −3 x+3 p 1
Ans. tan −1 + tan −1 = Solving we get, x = 0 or x = [1]
x−4 x+4 4 2
        
x y
 x −3 x +3  Q. 31. If cos−1 +cos−1 = a , prove that
 +  p a b
⇒ tan  x − 4 x + 4  =
−1

 1 − x − 3 x + 3  4 x2 xy y2
⋅ −2 cosa + 2 = sin 2a .
 x−4 x+4 [1½] a

2
ab b
2x − 24
2  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2016]
⇒ Ans. From the given equation :
−7
17 x y
= 1 ⇒ x2 = ⇒ cos−1 = a − cos−1
2 [1½] a b

17 x  y
⇒ x=± ⇒ = cos  a − cos−1 
2 a  b
[1]
x  y
1 1 1 1 π ⇒ = cosa ⋅ cos  cos−1 
Q. 29. Prove that tan −1
+ tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 = . a  b
5 7 3 8 4 y
 [2]
 [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2016] + sin a sin  cos−1 
 b
[NCERT Misc, Ex. Q. 8 Page 51]
 1 1   1 1  x y ⋅ cosa y2
 5+7   +  ⇒ = + sin a 1 − 2
 + tan  3 8 
−1 −1
Ans. LHS = tan  [1] a b b
 1 − 1 ⋅ 1   1 − 1 ⋅ 1 
 5 7  3 8 x y y2
⇒ − cosa = sin a 1 − 2 [1]
a b b
 6  11 
= tan −1   + tan −1   [1] Squaring both sides, we have
     17   23 
2
 6 11  cosa   y2 
2
+ x
  ⇒ a − y =  sin a 1 −  [½]
= tan  17 23 
−1
 b   b 2 
6 11
 1 − ⋅ 
 17 23  x 2 2xy y2
⇒ − ⋅ cosa + 2 = sin 2 a .
 325  a 2
ab b [½]
= tan −1   [1]
    325 
Q. 32. Solve for x :
p
= tan −1(1) = [1]  x−2 π
4 −1  x + 2 
    tan −1   + tan  x + 1  = 4
Q. 30. Solve the equation for x:  x−1  

sin–1x + sin–1(1 – x) = cos–1 x.  [CBSE Board, Foreign Scheme, 2016]
 [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2016] Ans.  x−2 x+2 
Ans. sin–1x + sin–1(1 – x) = cos–1x  +  p
tan  x − 1 x + 1  =
−1
[1½]
⇒ sin–1(1 – x) 1 − x − 2 x + 2  4
⋅
p  x −1 x +1 
              
= – 2 sin–1x [1]
2
2x 2 − 4 p
p  ⇒ = tan [1½]
⇒ 1 − x = sin  − 2 sin −1 x  3 4
2 
⇒ 1 − x = cos( 2 sin −1 x ) 7
⇒ x=± [1]
⇒ 1 − x = 1 − 2 sin 2 (sin −1 x ) [1] 2
          1 – x = 1 – 2x2 [1]

Long Answer Type Questions (5 or 6 marks)

Q. 1. Prove that

 1 + x2 + 1 − x2  π 1  1 + x2 + 1 − x2  π 1
tan −1   = + cos −1 x 2 . tan −1   = + cos −1 x 2 .
 1 + x2 − 1 − x2  4 2  1 + x2 − 1 − x2  4 2
   
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 12, Page 36]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 12, Page 36]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 55
Ans.  1 + x2 + 1 − x2   8 3 
+
  LHS = tan  
−1
 
 1+ x − 1− x
2 2 
 = tan  15 4  −1
8 3
1 − × 
[Let, x 2 = cos y]       15 4 
 −1  x + y 

 1 + cos y + 1 − cos y 
−1
−1 −1
 tan x + tan y = tan  
= tan     1 − xy  
 1 + cos y − 1 − cos y  
              
 32 45 
 2 y y  
 2 cos + 2 sin 2  tan  15 × 4 
2 2 15 × 4 − 8 × 3
= tan −1   
 2 y 2 y   15 × 4 
 2 cos − 2 sin 
       2 2  77 
 
 2 y 2 y
tan  60 
 1 + cos y = 2 cos 2 and 1 − cos y = 2 sin 2   36 
    60 
 y y 77
 2 cos 2 + 2 sin 2  tan
−1
     36 [1]
= tan  
 2 cos y − 2 sin y   
77 −1 a b
       2 2            = sin
−1
  tan = cos−1 
77 2 + 362  b a 2
+ b 2

 y
 Dividing each term by 2 cos 2  77
  = sin −1
5929 + 1296
 y 77
 1 + tan 2 
−1 = sin −1
= tan   7225
 1 − tan y  77
 2 [3] = sin −1
     
85
 p y  = R.H.S. [3]
 tan 4 + tan 2 
= tan  −1
 \ LHS = RHS. Hence proved.
 1 − tan p ⋅ tan y  1 1
 4 2 Q. 3. Find the value of 4tan −1 − tan −1 .
5 239
−1   p y   [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 17, Page 36]
= tan tan  +  
  4 2  Ans.
p y We
We have, have,
+=
4 2 1
−1 1 −1 1 1
44 tan
tan −1 5 − − tan
tan −1 239
p 1 5 239
= + cos−1 x 2 [ x 2 = cos y] 1 1
4 2 = 2 . 2 tan −1 1
− tan −1 1
= 2.2 tan 5 − tan −1 239 −1
= RHS 5 239
     [2]
 2 
\ LHS = RHS. Hence proved.  2 
= 2 ⋅ tan −−11 5  − tan −−11 11
5
8 3 77 = 2 ⋅ tan 2 − tan
Q. 2. Prove that sin −1 + sin −1 = sin −1 .   1  2  239
239
17 5 85  1−
1 −  1  
  55  

   
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 14, Page 36]
 2 tan −−11 x = tan −−11  22xx  
8 3  2 tan x = tan  2 

− xx 2  
 11 −
−1
Ans. LHS = sin + sin −1 
17 5
  22  
 −1 
 5   −1 11
8 3 =
= tan −1 + tan −1 = 22 ⋅⋅ tan tan −1  5 1   − − tan
tan −1 239
17 − 8
2 2
5 − 32
2   1 − 1   239
       1 − 2525  

 −1 a a      22   [2]
 sin = tan −1     −1 1
 b b −a 
2 2
= 22 ⋅⋅ tan
=
−1  5  
tan −1  24 5   −− tan tan −1 239
1
   24   239
8 3   25  
= tan −1 + tan −1  25  
15 4 [1] −1 5 −1 1
     = 2 tan −1 5 − tan −1 1
= 2 tan 12 − tan 239
12 239
 2 tan q 3
⇒ =
1 + tan 2 q 4
⇒ 3 + 3 tan 2 q = 8 tan q
⇒ 3 tan q − 8 tan q + 3 = 0
2

56 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS Let,: Class-XII

tan q = y
5 ∴ 3y 2 − 8 y + 3 = 0
2⋅
= tan −1 12 − tan −1 1 8 ± 64 − 4 × 3 × 3
2
239 ⇒ y=
 5 2×3
1−  
 12  8 ± 28
=
 −1 −1  2x   6
  2 tan x = tan  2 
  1 − x  2  4 ± 7 
=
 5  2⋅3
  1
= tan −1  6  − tan −1 ⇒ tan q =
4± 7
 1 − 25  239 3
 144  4 ± 7 
 144 × 5  −1 1 ⇒ q = tan −1  
= tan −1  − tan
 119 × 6 
 239  3 
 120  1  4+ 7 1 p  1 3  
= tan −1   − tan −1  But > ⋅ ,Since max tan  sin −1   = 1
 119  239  3 2 2  2 4   
 120 1 
 [3]
 − 
= tan −1  119 239    4 − 7  4 − 7
 1 + 120 ⋅ 1  ∴ LHS = tan tan −1  = = RHS
 119 239   3   3
  
 −1 −1  x − y  p 3 p
 tan x − tan =   Note : Since, − ≤ sin −1 ≤
  1 + xy   2 4 2
 120 × 239 − 119  p 1 3 p
= tan −1   ⇒ − ≤ sin −1 ≤
 119 × 239 + 120  4 2 4 4
 28680 − 119   −p  1 3 p
= tan −1   ∴ tan   ≤ tan  sin −1  ≤ tan
 28441 + 120   4  2 4 4
28561
= tan −1 1 −1 3 
⇒ −1 ≤ tan  sin ≤1
−1
28561
2 4  [2]
= tan (1)
−1 x − 1 −1 x + 1 π
Q. 5. If tan + tan = then find the value of
 π x−2 x + 2 4'
= tan −1  tan  x.
 4
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 15, Page 48]
π 
= Ans. −1 x − 1 x +1 π
4 [3] Given, tan + tan −1 =
x−2 x+2 4
1 3 4− 7
Q. 4. Show that tan  sin −1  = and justify why  x −1 x +1 
2 4 3  +  π
⇒ tan −1  x − 2 x + 2  =
4+ 7   x − 1  x + 1   4
the other value is ignored?
3  1 −  x − 2  
 x + 2  

 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 2.3, Q. 18, Page 37]
 ( x − 1)( x + 2) + ( x + 1)( x − 2) 
Ans. We have,   π
( x − 2)( x + 2)
 1 3  4 − 7 ⇒ tan −1
 =
tan  sin −1  =  ( x − 2)( x + 2) − ( x − 1)( x + 1)  4
2 4 3  ( x − 2)( x + 2) 
1  3    ( x + 2 x − x − 2) + ( x − 2 x + x − 2)  π
2 2
LHS = tan  sin −1    ⇒ tan −1 
2  4  =
 ( x 2 − 4) − ( x 2 − 1)  4
Let,
Let, −1  x + 2 x − x − 2 + x − 2 x + x − 2 
2 2
π
11 ⇒ tan  =
−1 3 x 2
− 4 − x 2
+ 1
sin −1 3 = q   4
22 sin 44 = q
 2x − 4  π
2
−1 3 ⇒ tan −1 
⇒
⇒ sin −1 4 =
sin 3 2q
= 2q =
4  −3  4
⇒ 33 2x 2 − 4
⇒ sin 22qq =
sin =4 ⇒ = tan −1
4 −3
⇒ tan qq = 33
22 tan 2x 2 − 4
⇒ + = ⇒ =1
1 + tan tan 22qq 44
2
1
⇒ 3 + 3 tan 2 q = 8 tan q
−3
⇒ 3 + 3 tan q = 8 tan q ⇒ 2 x 2 − 4 = −3
⇒ tan 2 qq −
⇒ 33 tan
2
tan qq +
− 88 tan + 33 == 00
Let, ⇒ 2 x = −3 + 4 = 1
2
Let,
tan qq =
tan = yy ⇒ x2 =
1
∴
∴ 3 y 2 − 8y + 3 = 0
2
3y − 8 y + 3 = 0 2

⇒ 88 ±± 64 64 − − 44 ×
× 33 ×× 33
⇒ yy =
=
22 ×
× 33
8±
8 ± 28
28
=
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | 57
1  3 5 2
Þ x=± [5] = tan  tan −1 × + tan −1 
2  5 4 3
Q. 6. Find the values of the expression  3 2
= tan  tan −1 + tan −1 
 3 3  4 3
tan  sin −1 + cot −1 
 5 2  3 2 
 +
 [NCERT Ex. 2.2, Q. 18, Page 48] = tan tan −1 4 3 
3 2
 3 3  1− × 
Ans. Given, tan  sin −1 + cot −1   4 3
 5 2
 17 
−1 −1 x −1 −1 1  
Since, sin x = tan and cot x = tan = tan tan −1 12 
1− x 2 x 6
 1− 
Therefore, above given expression can be written as  12 
   −1 17 12 
3 = tan tan ×
   12 6 
 −1 5 −1 1 
tan tan + tan 17 
 2 3 
 3  = tan tan −1 
 1−   2  6
5 
17
  =
3 6
 2 
= tan  tan −1 5 + tan −1   3 3  17
9 3 Thus, tan  sin −1 + cot −1  =
 1−   5 2 6
  [5]
25
 3 
 2 
= tan  tan −1 5 + tan −1 
 16 3 
 
25

Some Commonly Made Errors

¾¾ Cosine is a function and cos is used to denote that we are dealing with the cosine function.
¾¾ Errors due to limited applicability of models.
¾¾ Errors due to applying properties of a familiar model like sin, cos, tan, etc. in a less familiar situation.
¾¾ Errors due to quickly associating sin identity.

EXPERT ADVICE
☞ Student needs more practice with the law of sine so that you have got enough brain power available to pay attention
to all the moving parts while you are trying to solve the problem.
☞ Students should have remembered the powers of trigonometric functions.
☞ Students should have aware about the inverse trigonometric notation.
☞ Students should have learned all the trigonometric functions identities to make easy solution in less time.

OSWAAL LEARNING TOOLS

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