VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI – 590018

Internship Report (21INT49)

On
“SPORTS AND ATHLETICS”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering

For the Academic Year 2022-2023

Submitted by
Abdul Azeez (USN: 1HK21EC003)

IV SEMESTER
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
External Guide Internal Guide
Dr. Arshad Pasha. PHD Dr. Latha R
Director HOD
Dept of Physical Education Dept of ECE

Intra Institutional Internship

Carried Out

HKBK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560045

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
OCTOBER-2022
 HKBK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560045
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
OCTOBER-2022

CERTIFICATE OF INTERNSHIP

This is to certify that this internship report titled “SPORTS AND ATHLETICS” carried out
by ABDUL AZEEZ bearing USN 1HK21EC003 a bonafide student of HKBK College of
Engineering, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering Degree in
Electronics and Communication Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the year 2022-23 is a genuine curriculum program.
Intern has successfully completed his/her training from 11th October 2022 to 31st October,
2022. During the internship, the intern maintained a professional demeanor and has gained
several skills and competencies.
It is certified that all the corrections/suggestions indicated before the assessment and evaluation
have been incorporated by the intern in this internship report. The internship report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements prescribed by the relevant VTU notifications
and institute for the award of B.E degree.

Dr. Arshad Pasha. PHD Dr. Latha R Dr. Tabassum Ara

External Guide HOD& Internal Guide, Principal,
Dept of Physical Edu, Department of ECE, HKBKCE, HKBKCE, Bengaluru
HKBKCE Bengaluru
 HKBK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560045
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
OCTOBER-2022

DECLARATION
I, ABDUL AZEEZ bearing USN No. 1HK21EC003 student of IV semester,
B.E degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering declare that this Intra
Institutional Internship Program titled “SPORTS AND ATHLETICS’’ is original work
carried out by me, the undersigned in the college campus at after endorsement and
authorization from competent authorities of HKBK College of Engineering, in partial
fulfillment of the curriculum requirements of prescribed by Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi in the 2022 B.E Degree Choice Based Credit System Scheme.

The content in this report is not submitted to any other university partially or wholly for
the award of any other degree

ABDUL AZEEZ
USN: 1HK21EC003
Date: 09/08/2023 IV Sem, B.E
Place: Bengaluru Electronics and Communication Engineering
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The euphoria that accompanies the acquisition of vocational skills by professing
internship program and compiling internship report would be complete only by acknowledging the
governing bodies and the personnel, who by their supervision steered and crowned out my effort
with success.
I am grateful to the Chairman, Mr. C. M. Ibrahim, for having provided me an opportunity
to emerge as a responsible citizen with Professional Engineering Skills and moral ethics.

I am grateful to the Director, Mr. C. M. Faiz Mohammed, for having provided me with
excellent facilities in the college during my course.

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to our Principal, Dr. Tabassum Ara, HKBK
College of Engineering for her enduring encouragement and support to the students in academic
and co-curricular pursuits

I would like to express my genuine thanks to our Head of Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Dr. Latha Rajagopalan for facilitating the internship program and
her support in our academic and co-curricular activities.

I would like to extend my profound thanks and admiration to my Dr. Arshad Pasha.
PHD, Department of Physical Education, for his constant guidance and critical comments
through the courseof the internship

I thank my Guide Dr. Latha Rajagopalan, HOD for his valuableguidance, suggestions
and encouragement during the course of my internship.

I thank my internship coordinator Dr. Abdul Azeez, Associate Professor for his constant
guidance, support and critical comments during the course of my internship.

ABDUL AZEEZ
1HK21EC003
 INSTITUTE MISSION & VISION

MISSION
1. To achieve academic excellence through in-depth knowledge in science, engineering
and technology through dedication to duty, innovation in teaching and faith in human
values.
2. To enable our students to develop into outstanding professionals with high ethical
standards to face the challenges of the 21st century.
3. To provide educational opportunities to the deprived and weaker section of the society,
to uplift their socio-economic status.

VISION
To empower students through wholesome education and enable the students to develop into highly
qualified and trained professionals with ethics and emerge as responsible citizens with broad outlook to
build a vibrant nation

DEPARTMENT MISSION & VISION

1. To lay a strong foundation in theoretical concepts and experiential learning in the field
of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and allied fields.
2. To inculcate self-learning abilities, team spirit, and professional ethics among the
students to emerge as valued entrepreneurs and serve society.
3. To promote innovation and entrepreneurship ideas among students to be job creators in future.

To prepare students to serve society with a holistic approach and participate in nation-building.

HKBK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Opp Manyata Tech Park, Nagawara, Bangalore-560045, Karnataka
Email: info@hkbk.edu.in
 ABSTRACT

Sports, as a dynamic and universal human activity, plays a significant role in shaping physical,
mental, and social well-being. This abstract explores the multifaceted impact of sports on
individuals, communities, and societies at large. From promoting physical fitness and fostering
teamwork to transcending cultural boundaries and generating economic growth, the influence of
sports is far-reaching.

On an individual level, participation in sports contributes to improved cardiovascular health,

muscle strength, and overall fitness. Furthermore, engagement in sports enhances cognitive
functions, mental resilience, and emotional well-being. Sports also serve as a platform for
developing life skills such as discipline, time management, and goal-setting.

At a community level, sports foster a sense of belonging and camaraderie. Sporting events bring
people together, irrespective of their backgrounds, uniting them under a common passion. Such
interactions cultivate social cohesion and bridge societal divides, strengthening the fabric of
communities.

The impact of sports extends beyond recreation. Major sporting events have the power to bolster
a region’s economy through tourism, infrastructure development, and media exposure. Nations
hosting international competitions experience increased global visibility, leading to cultural
exchange and diplomatic opportunities.

However, the world of sports is not without challenges. Issues of doping, match-fixing, and
discrimination continue to challenge the integrity of sports. Yet, these challenges also serve as
catalysts for reforms and the establishment of stricter regulations to ensure fair play and ethical
conduct.

In the digital age, technology has revolutionized the way we engage with sports. Virtual
platforms and e-sports have emerged as new arenas for competition, capturing the interest of a
digitally connected generation. The amalgamation of technology and sports has expanded the
boundaries of participation and spectatorship.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Particulars Page No.

AKNOWLEDGMENT I
ABSTRACT II
LIST OF FIGURES III
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 2: CATEGORY OF SPORTS ................................................................................... 2-16

2.1 Indoor Games And Sports ........................................................................................ 2-8

a. Table tennis..............................................................................................................2
b. Carrom................................................................................................................. 3-4
c. Chess .................................................................................................................... 4-6
d. Snooker................................................................................................................ 6-8
2.2 Outdoor Games And Sports ..................................................................................8-16
a. Basketball ............................................................................................................ 8-9
b. Cricket ............................................................................................................. 10-12
c. Football ............................................................................................................ 13-15
d. Volleyball ........................................................................................................ 15-16

CHAPTER 3: DISCUS THROW ..................................................................................................17-20

3.1 History ........................................................................................................................ 17

3.2 Regulations ............................................................................................................ 17-18

3.3 Discription ............................................................................................................. 19-20

CHAPTER 4: JAVELIN THROW ............................................................................................... 21-22

4.1 Javelin .................................................................................................................... 21-22

CHAPTER 5: SPORTS ................................................................................................................... 23-25

5.1 Running ...................................................................................................................... 23

5.2 Kabaddi ................................................................................................................. 23-25

CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................26
REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………………………..27
OUTCOME .................................................................................................................................... 28
 ,

LISTS OF FIGURES

Figure List of figures Page Number

1.1 Sports 1
2.1.1 Table Tennis 2
2.1.2 Carrom 3
2.1.3 Chess 4
2.1.4 Snooker 6
2.2.1 Basketball 8
2.2.2 Basketball Match 9
2.2.3 Cricket 10
2.2.4 Cricket Field 12
2.2.5 Football 13
2.2.6 Volleyball 15
3.1 History of discus throw 17
3.2 Measurement of field 18
3.3 Throwing the discus 19
4.1 Javelin Throw 21
5.1 Running 23
5.2 Kabaddi 24
Sports And Athletics 21INT49

CHAPTER:1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW
1 Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping, throwing,
and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road
running, cross-country running, and racewalking.

2 The results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where measured), while
the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement
from a series of attempts. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for
expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in theworld.
Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the exception of relay races and competitions
which combine athletes' performances for a team score, such as cross country.

3 Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC. The rules
and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North
America in the 19th and early 20th century, and were then spread to other parts of the world.
Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics, the global
governing body for the sport of athletics, or its member continental and national federations.

4 The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics. The foremost
international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships, which incorporates
track and field, marathon running and race walking. Other top level competitions in athletics
include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon
Championships. Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and
the World Para Athletics Championship .We can see the different type of sports in Fig :-1.1

Fig:1.1:- Sports

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CHAPTER 2:
CATEGORY OF SPORTS
2.1 INDOOR GAMES AND SPORTS

 Table tennis
 Carrom
 Chess
 Snooker
Day 1.. :-11/10/2022

a. Table tennis

Fig:2.1.1:-table tennis

Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a racket sport derived from tennis but
distinguished by its playing surface being atop a stationary table, rather than the court on which
players stand. Either individually or in teams of two, players take alternating turns returning a
light, hollow ball over the table's net onto the opposing half of the court using small rackets until
they fail to do so ,as you see in the Fig2.1.1, which results in a point for the opponent. Play is fast,
requiring quick reaction and constant attention, and is characterized by an emphasis on spin relative
to other ball sports, which can heavily affect the ball's trajectory.

Owed to its small minimum playing area, its ability to be played indoors in all climates, and relative
accessibility of equipment, table tennis is enjoyed worldwide not just as a competitive esport, but
as a common recreational pastime among players of all levels and ages.

Table tennis has been an Olympic sport since 1988, with event categories in both men's and
women's singles, and men's and women's teams since replacing doubles in 2008.

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b. Carrom board

Fig:2.1.2:-Carrom

Carrom is a tabletop game of Indian origin in which players flick discs, attempting to knock them
to the corners of the board. The game is very popular in the Indian subcontinent, and is known by
various names in different languages. In South Asia, many clubs and cafés hold regular
tournaments. Carrom is very commonly played by families, including children, and at social
functions. Different standards and rules exist in different areas. It became very popular in the
United Kingdom and the Commonwealth during the early 20th century. There is a Fig2.1.2 to a
carrom board

History

The game of carrom originated in India. One carrom board with its surface made of glass is still
available in one of the palaces in Patiala, India. It became very popular among the masses
after World War I. State-level competitions were being held in the different states of India during
the early part of the 20th century. Serious carrom tournaments may have begun in Sri Lanka in
1935; by 1958, both India and Sri Lanka had formed official federations of carrom clubs,
sponsoring tournaments and awarding prizes.

The International Carrom Federation (ICF) was formed in the year 1988 in Chennai, India. The
formal rules for the Indian version of the game were published in 1988. In the same year the ICF
officially codified the rules. The game has been very popular throughout South Asia, mainly in
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and the Maldives. The game is also popular in many
of the countries in the Arabian Peninsula, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain. It has
gained some popularity in United Kingdom, Europe, North America and Australia .

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A group of Carrom lovers grouped together in 2004 and established the Pakistani Carrom
Federation or PCF. The PCF have worked to build clubs across Pakistan to promote and teach the
game.

The German Carrom Federation was founded in 1986 with the objective of supporting and
maintaining the game of Carrom. The federation oversees Germany Carrom Clubs and teams
throughout Germany.

The Italian Carrom Federation was founded in 1995 by a group of Carrom enthusiasts and is
responsible for the spread of the game throughout Italy. The federation is supported by a large
number of volunteers who regularly run events throughout Italy to teach and educate about the
game.

The Japan Carrom Federation was established in 1997. In 2001 they moved into their new
headquarters in Tokyo from Hikone. Originally set up to allow players to compete in overseas
tournament but held their first national championship in 2004 and now hold tournaments,
demonstrations and training camps across Japan.

The board and pieces can be bought in UK, Europe, North America or Australia and are usually
imported from India. The most expensive boards are made to a high standard with high quality
wood and decorations though cheaper boards are available. Some of the largest exporters of carrom
boards are in India, e.g. Precise, Surco, Syndicate Sports and Paul Traders.

c. chess

Fig:2.1.3:-Chess

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Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess
pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes
called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games, such
as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). The recorded history of chess goes back at
least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh century India. The rules of chess
as they are known today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization
and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most
popular games, played by millions of people world wide.There is a chess board with cons in Fig
2.1.3

Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no elements of chance.
It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. At the start, each player
controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and
eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black. The game is won by checkmating the
opponent's king, i.e. threatening it with inescapable capture. There are also several ways a game
can end in a draw.

Organized chess arose in the 19th century. Chess competition today is governed internationally
by FIDE (the International Chess Federation). The first universally recognized World Chess
Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Ding Liren is the current World Champion.
A huge body of chess theory has developed since the game's inception. Aspects of art are found
in chess composition, and chess in its turn influenced Western culture and art, and has connections
with other fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology.

One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. In
1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when
it defeated Garry Kasparov. Today's chess engines are significantly stronger than the best human
players and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory; however, chess is not
a solved game.

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Rules

The rules of chess are published by FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs; "International
Chess Federation"), chess's world governing body, in its Handbook. Rules published by national
governing bodies, or by unaffiliated chess organizations, commercial publishers, etc., may differ
in some details. FIDE's rules were most recently revised in 2023.

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as White and Black, respectively. Each set consists of sixteen pieces: one king, one queen,
two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. Chess sets come in a wide variety of styles;
for competition, the Staunton pattern is usually required.

Day 2.. :-12/10/2022

d. Snooker

Fig:2.1.4:-Snooker

Snooker is a cue sport played on a rectangular billiards table covered with a green cloth called
bazie, ,as you in the Fig2.1.4
six pockets, one at each corner and one in the middle of each long side. First played by British
Army officers stationed in India in the second half of the 19th century, the game is played with
twenty-two balls, comprising a white cue ball, fifteen red balls, and six other balls—a yellow,
green, brown, blue, pink, and black—collectively called the colours. Using a cue stick, the
individual players or teams take turns to strike the cue ball to pot other balls in a predefined
sequence, accumulating points for each successful pot and for each time the opposing player or
team commits a foul. An individual frame of snooker is won by the player who has scored the most
points. A snooker match ends when a player reaches a predetermined number of frames.

Snooker gained its identity in 1875 when army officer Neville Chamberlain, stationed in
Ootacamund, Madras, and Jabalpur, devised a set of rules that combined black
pool and pyramids. The word snooker was a well-established derogatory term used to describe

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Snooker originated in the second half of the 19th century. In the 1870s, billiards was popular among
British Army officers stationed in Jubbulpore, India, and several variations of the game were devised
during this time. A similar game, which originated at the Officers' Mess of the 11th Devonshire
Regiment in 1875, combined the rules of two pool games: pyramid pool, played with fifteen red
balls positioned in a triangle; and black pool, which involved the potting of designated balls.
Snooker was further developed in 1882 when its first set of rules was finalized by British Army
officer Sir Neville Chamberlain, who helped devise and popularize the game at Stone Housein
Ootacamund on a table built by Burroughs & Watts that had been brought to India by boat. Theword
snooker was, at the time, a slang term used in the British Army to describe new recruits and
inexperienced military personnel; Chamberlain used it to deride the inferior performance of a young
fellow officer at the table.

Snooker featured in an 1887 issue of the Sporting Life newspaper in England, which led to a growth
in popularity. Chamberlain was revealed as the game's inventor, 63 years after the fact, in a letterto
The Field magazine published on 19 March 1938. Snooker became increasingly popular across the
Indian colonies of the British Raj, and in the United Kingdom, but it remained a game mainly for
military officers and the gentry; many gentlemen's clubs that had a snooker table would not allownon-
members inside to play. (Reflecting the game's aristocratic origins, the majority of tournamentson the
professional circuit still require players to
wear waistcoats and bow ties, although the necessity for this attire has been questioned.) To cater
for the growing interest, smaller and more open snooker clubs were formed. The Billiards
Association (formed 1885) and the Billiards Control Club (formed 1908) merged to form
the Billiards Association and Control Club (BA&CC) and a new, standardized set of rules for
snooker was first established in 1919. The possibility of a drawn game was abolished by the use of
a re-spotted black as a tiebreaker. These rules are similar to the ones used today, although rules for
a minimal point penalty were imposed later.

Played in 1926 and 1927, the first World Snooker Championship—then known as the Professional
Championship of Snooker—was won by Joe Davis A Women's Professional Snooker
Championship (now the World Women's Snooker Championship) was created in 1934 for top
female players. As a professional English billiards and snooker player himself, Davis raised the
game from a recreational pastime to a professional sporting activity. Davis won all fifteen
tournaments held until 1946, when he retired from the championships. However, snooker declined
in popularity in the post-war era; the 1952 World Snooker Championship was contested by only two
players and was replaced by the World Professional Match-play Championship, which was also
discontinued in 1957

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the Commonwealth, and has remained consistently popular since the late 1970s,with most of the
major tournaments being televised. In 1985, an estimated 18.5 million viewers stayed up until the
early hours of the morning to watch the conclusion of the World Championship final between Dennis
Taylor and Steve Davis, a record viewership in the UK for any broadcast on BBC Two or any
broadcast after midnight.

2.2 OUTDOOR GAMES AND SPORTS

 Basketball
 Cricket
 Football
 Volleyball

Day 3.. :-13/10/2022

a. Basketball

Fig:2.2.1:-Basketball

Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one
another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective
of shooting a basketball (approximately 9.4 inches (24 cm) in diameter) through the defender's hoop
(a basket 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter mounted 10 feet (3.048 m) high to
a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through
their own hoop. A field goal is worth two points, unless made from behind the three-point line, when
it is worth three. After a foul, timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot

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intercept passes, or block shots; either offense or defense may collect a rebound, that is, a missed
shot that bounces from rim or backboard. It is a violation to lift or drag one's pivot foot without
dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.

The five players on each side fall into five playing positions. The tallest player is usually
the center, the second-tallest and strongest is the power forward, a slightly shorter but more agile
player is the small forward, and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard
and the point guard, who implements the coach's game plan by managing the execution of offensive
and defensive plays (player positioning). Informally, players may play three-on-three, two-on-two,
and one-on-one. there is me playing one vs one against my friend in Fig:-2.2.1

Invented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts,

in the United States, basketball has evolved to become one of the world's most popular and widely
viewed sports. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most significant professional
basketball league in the world in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition
(drawing most of its talent from U.S. college basketball). Outside North America, the top clubs from
national leagues qualify to continental championships such as
the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas. The FIBA Basketball World Cup
and Men's Olympic Basketball Tournament are the major international events of the sport and attract
top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for national
teams, like EuroBasket and FIBA AmeriCup.

The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature
top national teams from continental championships.

There was a friendly basketball match against the fellow classmate as you in the Fig:-2.2.2

Fig:2.2.2:-Basketball Match
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b. Cricket

Fig:2.2.3:-Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the center
of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising
two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one
of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling
and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the
ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being
bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side
either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with
the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been
dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires,
aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two
off-field scorers who record the match's information. The Indian player virat kholi and rohit sharma
in the Fig 2.2.3

Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of
20 overs (each "over" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game
generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in
all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit,
some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid
spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered
with tightly wound string.

The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century. It spread
globally with the expansion of the British Empire,

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History
Main article: History of cricket
Origins
Main article: History of cricket to 1725

A medieval "club ball" game involving an underarm bowl towards a batter. Ball catchers are
shown positioning themselves to catch a ball. Detail from the
Canticle of holy Mary, 13th century.

Cricket is one of many games in the "club ball" sphere that basically involve hitting a ball with a
hand-held implement; others include baseball (which shares many similarities with cricket, both
belonging in the more specific bat-and-ball
games category, golf, hockey, tennis, squash, badminton and table tennis. In cricket's case, a key
difference is the existence of a solid target structure, the wicket (originally, it is thought,
a "wicket gate" through which sheep were herded), that the batter must defend. The cricket
historian Harry Altham identified three "groups" of "club ball" games: the "hockey group", in
which the ball is driven to and from between two targets (the goals); the "golf group", in which the
ball is driven towards an undefended target (the hole); and the "cricket group", in which "the ball
is aimed at a mark (the wicket) and driven away from it".

It is generally believed that cricket originated as a children's game in the south-eastern counties of
England, sometime during the medieval period.[4] Although there are claims for prior dates, the
earliest definite reference to cricket being played comes from evidence given at a court case
in Guildford in January 1597 (Old Style, equating to January 1598 in the modern calendar). The
case concerned ownership of a certain plot of land and the court heard the testimony of a 59-year-
old coroner, John Derrick, who gave witness that:

Being a Scholler in the free school of Guldeford hee and diverse of his fellows did run and playthere
at cricket and other plays.

Given Derrick's age, it was about half a century earlier when he was at school and so it is certain

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which resembled the long low wicket with two stumps used in early cricket. According to Heiner
Gillmeister, a European language expert of Bonn University, "cricket" derives from the Middle
Dutch phrase for hockey, (i.e., "with the stick chase"). Gillmeister has suggested that not only the
name but also the sport itself may be of Flemish origin.

Growth of amateur and professional cricket in England Evolution of the cricket bat. The original
"hockey stick" (left)

The wall was bowled underarm by the bowler and along the ground towards a batter armed with a
bat thatin shape resembled a hockey stick; the batter defended a low, two-stump wicket; and runs
werecalled notches because the scorers recorded them by notching tally sticks.

In 1611, the year Cotgrave's dictionary was published, ecclesiastical court records
at Sidlesham in Sussex state that two parishioners, Bartholomew Wyatt and Richard Latter, failed
to attend church on Easter Sunday because they were playing cricket. They were fined 12d each
and ordered to do penance. This is the earliest mention of adult participation in cricket and it was
around the same time that the earliest known organized inter-parish or village match was played –
at Chevening, Kent. In 1624, a player called Jasper Vinall died after he was accidentally struck on
the head during a match between two parish teams in Success.

Cricket remained a low-key local pursuit for much of the 17th century. It is known, through numerous
references found in the records of ecclesiastical court cases, to have been proscribed at times by the
Puritans before and during the Commonwealth. The problem was nearly always the issue of Sunday
play as the Puritans considered cricket to be "profane" if played on the Sabbath, especially if large
crowds or gambling were involved.In the Fig2.2.4 the bowling and bating is essential in Cricket.

Fig:2.2.4:-Cricket Field

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c. Football

Fig:2.2.5:-Football

Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal.
Unqualified, the word football normally means the form of football that is the most popular where
the word is used. Sports commonly called football include association football (known
as soccer in North America, Ireland and Australia); gridiron football (specifically American football
or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby union and rugby league; and Gaelic football.
These various forms of football share to varying extents common origins and are known as "football
codes”. Moving the ball with the foot is more tricky than shooting it shown in Fig2.2.5

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There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games played in many
different parts of the world. Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification
of these games at English public schools during the 19th century. The expansion and cultural
influence of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence
outside the directly controlled Empire. By the end of the 19th century, distinct regional codes were
already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local
traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage. In 1888, The Football League was
founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football associations. During the 20th
century, several of the various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team
sports in the world.
 Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players
(five or more per team) are also popular.
 A clearly defined area in which to play the game.
 Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.
 The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.

The various codes of football share certain common elements and can be grouped into two main
classes of football: carrying codes like American football, Canadian football, Australian football,
rugby union and rugby league, where the ball is moved about the field while being held in the hands
or thrown, and kicking codes such as Association football and Gaelic football, where the ballis moved
primarily with the feet, and where handling is strictly limited.

Common rules among the sports include:

here are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games, played by indigenous
peoples in many different parts of the world. For example, in 1586, men from a ship commanded by
an English explorer named John Davis went ashore to play a form of football with Inuit in Greenland.
There are later accounts of an Inuit game played on ice, called Aqsaatuk, Each match began with two
teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team's
line and then at a goal. In 1610, William Strachey, a colonist at Jamestown, Virginia recorded a game
played by Native Americans, called Pa game similar to modern-day association football played
amongst Amerindians, was also reported as early as the 17th century.

Players using only their body to move the ball, i.e. no additional equipment such as bats or sticks

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In all codes, common skills include passing, tackling, evasion of tackles, catching
and kicking. In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players
scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts.

Day 4.. :-14/10/2022

d. Volleyball

Fig:2.2.6:-Volleyball

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries
to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part
of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964. Beach volleyball was
introduced to the program me at the Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics. The adapted version of
volleyball at the Summer Paralympic Games is sitting volleyball.

The complete set of rules is extensive, but play essentially proceeds as follows: a player on one of
the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or
arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's
court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch
the ball up to three times to return the ball to the other side of the court, but individual players may
not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack.
An attack is an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the team receiving the
ball is unable to pass the ball and continue the rally, thus, losing the point. The team that wins the
rally is awarded a point and serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common faults
include:

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 causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without
first passing over the net;
 catching and throwing the ball;
 double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player;
 four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team;
 net foul: touching the net during play;
 foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving or under the net when
a front row player is trying to keep the ball in play.

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CHAPTER:3
DISCUS THROW
Day 5..:-19/10/2022

3.1 HISTORY

The sport of throwing the discus traces back to it being an event in the original Olympic Games of
Ancient Greece.[2] The discus as a sport was resurrected in Magdeburg, Germany, by gymnastics
teacher Christian Georg Kohlrausch and his students in the 1870s. Organized men's competition
was resumed in the late 19th century, and has been a part of the modern Summer Olympic Games
since the first modern competition, the 1896 Summer Olympics. Images of discus throwers figured
prominently in advertising for early modern Games, such as fundraising stamps for the 1896 Games,
and the main posters for the 1920 and 1948 Summer Olympics. Today the sport of discus is a routine
part of modern track-and-field meets at all levels, and retains a particularly iconic place in
the Olympic Games.

Fig:3.1:-History of discus throw

3.2 REGULATIONS

The event consists of throwing a disc, with the weight or size depending on the competitor. Men and
women throw different sized discs, with varying sizes and weights depending on age. The weight of
the discus is either governed by World Athletics for international or USA Track & Field for the

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United States.

In the United States, Henry Canine advocated for a lighter-weight discus in high school competition.
His suggestion was adopted by the National High School Athletic Association in 1938.

Fig:3.2:-Measurement of field

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3.3 DISCRIPTION

The typical discus has sides made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, carbon fiber or metal with a metal rim and
a metal core to attain the weight. The rim must be smooth, with no roughness or finger holds. A discus
with more weight in the rim produces greater angular momentum for any given spin rate, and thus more
stability, although it is more difficult to throw. However, a higher rim weight, if thrown correctly, can
lead to a longer throw. In some competitions, a solid rubber discus is used (see in the United States).

To make a throw, the competitor starts in a circle of 2.5 m (8 ft 2+ 1Ú4 in) diameter, which is recessed in a
concrete pad by 20 millimeters (0.79 in). The thrower typically takes an initial stance facing away from
the direction of the throw. They then spin anticlockwise (for right-handers) 1+ 1Ú2 times while staying
within the circle to build momentum before releasing the discus. The discus must land within a
34.92º circular sector that is centered on the throwing circle.[8] The rules of competition for discus are
virtually identical to those of shot put, except that the circle is larger, a stop board is not used and there
are no form rules concerning how the discus is to be thrown.

The basic motion is a fore-handed sidearm movement. The discus is spun off the index finger or the
middle finger of the throwing hand. In flight the disc spins clockwise when viewed from above for a
right-handed thrower, and anticlockwise for a left-handed thrower. As well as achieving maximum
momentum in the discus on throwing, the discus' distance is also determined by the trajectory the thrower
imparts, as well as the aerodynamic behavior of the discus. Generally, throws into a moderate headwind
achieve the maximum distance. Also, a faster-spinning discus imparts greater gyroscopic stability. The
technique of discus throwing is quite difficult to master and needs much experience to perfect; thus, most
top throwers are 30 years old or more

Fig:3.3:-Throwing of discus

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For some

The discus technique can be broken down into phases. The purpose is to transfer from the back to the
front of the throwing circle while turning through one and a half circles. The speed of delivery is high,
and speed is built up during the throw (slow to fast). Correct technique involves the buildup of torque so
that maximum force can be applied to the discus on delivery.

Initially, the thrower takes up their position in the throwing circle, distributing their body weight evenly
over both feet, which are roughly shoulder width apart. They crouch in order to adopt a more efficient
posture to start from whilst also isometrically preloading their muscles; this will allow them to start faster
and achieve a more powerful throw. They then begin the wind-up, which sets the tone for the entire
throw; the rhythm of the wind-up and throw is very important.

Focusing on rhythm can bring about the consistency to get in the right positions that many throwers lack.
Executing a sound discus throw with solid technique requires perfect balance. This is due to the throw
being a linear movement combined with a one and a half rotation and an implement at the end of one
arm. Thus, a good discus thrower needs to maintain balance within the circle.

For a right handed thrower, the next stage is to move the weight over the left foot. From this position the
right foot is raised, and the athlete 'runs' across the circle. There are various techniques for this stage
where the leg swings out to a small or great extent, some athletes turn on their left heel (e.g. Ilke
Wylluda) but turning on the ball of the foot is far more common.

The aim is to land in the 'power position', the right foot should be in the center and the heel should not
touch the ground at any point. The left foot should land very quickly after the right. Weight should be
mostly over the back foot with as much torque as possible in the body—so the right arm is high and far
back. This is very hard to achieve.

The critical stage is the delivery of the discus, from this 'power position' the hips drive through hard, and
will be facing the direction of the throw on delivery. Athletes employ various techniques to control the
end-point and recover from the throw, such as fixing feet (to pretty much stop dead [11]), or an active
reverse spinning onto the left foot (e.g. Virgilijus Alekna).

Sports scientist Richard Ganslen researched the Aerodynamics of the Discus, reporting the discus
will stall at an angle of 29°

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CHAPTER:4
JAVELIN THROW
Day 6..:-19/10/2022

4.1 JAVELIN
a common event there and in Finland in the 1880s. The rules continued to evolve over the next
decades; originally, javelins were thrown with no run-up, and holding them by the grip at the center
of gravity was not always mandatory. Limited run-ups were introduced in the late 1890s,and soon
developed into the modern unlimited run-up.

Sweden's Eric Lemming, who threw his first world best (49.32 meters) in 1899 and ruled the event
from 1902 to 1912, was the first dominant javelin thrower. When the men's javelin was introduced
as an Olympic discipline at the 1906 Intercalated Games, Lemming won by almost nine metres and
broke his own world record; Sweden swept the first four places, as Finland's best throwers were
absent and the event had yet to become popular in any other country. Though challenged by younger
talents, Lemming repeated as Olympic champion in 1908 and 1912; his eventual best mark(62.32 m,
thrown after the 1912 Olympics) was the first javelin world record to be officially ratified by the
International Association of Athletics Federations.

Fig:4.1:-Javelin Throw
In the late 19th and early 20th century, most javelin competitions were two-handed; the implement
was thrown with the right hand and separately with the left hand, and the best marks for each hand
were added together. Competitions for the better hand only were less common, though not unknown.
At the Olympics, a both-hands contest was held only once, in 1912; Finland swept the medals, ahead
of Lemming. After that, this version of the javelin rapidly faded into obscurity, together with similar
variations of the shot and the discus; Sweden's Yngve Häckner, with his total of 114.28 m from 1917,
was the last official both-hands world record holder.
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Another early variant was the freestyle javelin in Fig4.1 is shown, in which holding the javelin
by the grip at the center of gravity was not mandatory; such a freestyle competition was held at
the 1908 Olympics, but was dropped from the program after that Hungary's Mór used a freestyle
end grip to break the 60-meter barrier in 1911

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CHAPTER:5
SPORTS
Day 7..:-20/10/2022

5.1 RUNNING

Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.
Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground
(though there are exceptions). This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact
with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance
leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion. A feature of a running body from the viewpoint
of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride co-occur,
with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity. The term
running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.

Running in humans is associated with improved health and life expectancy.

In Fig 5.1 there was running race in 2001 the fastest man Usain bolt

Fig:5.1:-Running

5.2 KABADDI
Fig5.2 a contact team sport played between two teams of seven players. The objective of the game
is for a single player on offense, referred to as a "raider", to run into the opposing team's half of the
court, touch out as many of their players and return to their own half of the court,

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It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Although accounts
of kabaddi appear in the histories of ancient India, the game was popularized as a competitive sport
in the 20th century. It is the national sport of Bangladesh. It is the state game of the Indian states of
Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil
Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.[3] There are two major disciplines of kabaddi: "Punjabi
kabaddi", also referred to as "circle styles", comprises traditional forms of the sport that are played
on a circular field outdoors, while the "standard style", played on a rectangular court indoors, is the
discipline played in major professional leagues and international competitions such as
the Asian Games.

There are two major disciplines of kabaddi: "Punjabi kabaddi", also referred to as "circle styles",
comprises traditional forms of the sport that are played on a circular field outdoors, while the
"standard style", played on a rectangular court indoors, is the discipline played in major
professional leagues and international competitions such as the Asian Games.

Fig:-5.2:-Kabaddi

Kabaddi is a sport developed centered on Jallikattu. It was common among the Ayar tribal people
who lived in the Mullai geographical region of ancient Tamil Nadu. A player going to the opposition
is treated like a Bull. It is like taming a bull without touching it, as it is mentioned in Sangam
Literature that the game called Sadugudu was practiced since ages. There are also accounts of
Gautam Buddha having played the game recreationally. According to another version of this sport's
origins, kabaddi originated in Tamil Nadu over 4,000 years ago.

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The game was said to have been popular among the Yadava people. An Abhang by Tukaram stated
that thelord Krishna played the game in his youth.

Modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in the
Indian subcontinent. India has been first credited with having helped to popularize kabaddi as a
competitive sport, with the first organized competitions occurring in the 1920s, their introduction
tothe program me of
the Indian Olympic Games in 1938, the establishment of the All-India Kabaddi Federation in 1950,
and it being played as a demonstration sport at the inaugural 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi.
These developments helped to formalize the sport, which had traditionally been played in villages,
for legitimate international competition.

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CONCLUSSION
The sports internship was a valuable experience that helped me develop my skills and knowledge in various
aspects of sports management, coaching, and administration. I learned how to plan and organize events,
communicate effectively with different stakeholders, and handle challenges and conflicts. I also gained
insights into the sports industry and the opportunities and challenges it faces.

Some of the highlights of my internship were:

 Assisting the sports manager in coordinating the annual sports day for the school, which involved
managing the budget, logistics, publicity, and volunteers.
 Coaching the under-14 cricket team and helping them improve their performance and teamwork. I also
designed and implemented a training program for them based on their strengths and weaknesses.
 Conducting a research project on the impact of social media on sports fan engagement, which involved
collecting and analyzing data from various sources and presenting the findings and recommendations to
the sports director.

Through this internship, I was able to apply the theoretical knowledge I acquired from my academic courses
to real-world situations. I also developed my interpersonal, leadership, and problem-solving skills, which
are essential for any career in sports. I am grateful to the sports department for giving me this opportunity
and for providing me with guidance and feedback throughout the internship. I hope to continue my learning
and growth in the field of sports and pursue my passion for it.

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REFERENCE :-
The above documentation/Report is referred by Google, Wikipedia and other website

https://www.britannica.com/sports/sports
https://worldathletics.org/
https://www.javatpoint.com/indoor-games
https://blog.decathlon.in/articles/outdoor-games-name
https://indiancc.nic.in/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/javelin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kabaddi

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OUTCOME
The outcomes of indoor sports can vary widely depending on the specific sport. Some possible
outcomes include improved physical fitness, enhanced coordination, teamwork and social
interactions, stress relief, and the development of strategic thinking and decision-making skills.
Outdoor games can lead to various outcomes, such as increased physical activity, improved
cardiovascular health, enhanced motor skills, exposure to fresh air and natural surroundings, social
interaction with others, and the development of teamwork and leadership skills. Additionally, outdoor
games can provide opportunities for exploration, creativity, and a break from sedentary activities. The
outcomes of a sports internship can vary depending on the specific experience and goals of the
individual. Generally, you can expect to gain practical skills, industry knowledge, networking
opportunities, and a deeper understanding of the sports field. This can potentially lead to job
opportunities, references, and a stronger resume for a career in sports management, coaching,
marketing, or related areas.

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