GUIDE

Noise Management
November 2001

2001-0034
The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) represents 150
companies that explore for, develop and produce natural gas, natural gas liquids,
crude oil, synthetic crude oil, bitumen and elemental sulphur throughout Canada.
CAPP member companies produce approximately 97 per cent of Canada's natural
gas and crude oil. CAPP also has 120 associate members who provide a wide
range of services that support the upstream crude oil and natural gas industry.
Together, these members and associate members are an important part of a $52-
billion-a-year national industry that affects the livelihoods of more than half a
million Canadians.

Review by July 2005

Disclaimer

This publication was prepared for the Canadian Association of Petroleum

Producers (CAPP) by the CAPP Occupational Health and Safety Committee.
While it is believed that the information contained herein is reliable under the
conditions and subject to the limitations set out, CAPP does not guarantee its
accuracy. The use of this report or any information contained will be at the
user’s sole risk, regardless of any fault or negligence of CAPP.

2100, 350 – 7th Ave. S.W. 230, 1801 Hollis Street 905, 235 Water Street
Calgary, Alberta Halifax, Nova Scotia St. John’s, Newfoundland
Canada T2P 3N9 Canada B3J 3N4 Canada A1C 1B6
Tel (403) 267-1100 Tel (902) 420-9084 Tel (709) 724-4200
Fax (403) 261-4622 Fax (902) 491-2980 Fax (709) 724-4225
Email: communication@capp.ca Website: www.capp.ca
Overview

To provide a resource to assist member companies to develop their occupational

noise management and hearing conservation programs.

To establish minimum criteria and processes for management of occupational

noise exposure.

November 2001 Noise Management Page i

 Contents

Project Scope ................................................................................................................... 1-1

1 Program Layout ................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Responsibilities ........................................................................................ 1-1
1.1.1 The employer is responsible for:.................................................. 1-1
1.1.2 The employee is responsible for: ................................................. 1-1
1.1.3 Contractors are responsible for: ................................................... 1-1
1.1.4 Occupational Hygiene, Health and Safety Personnel or Professional
Consultants................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Regulatory Requirements......................................................................... 1-2
2 Risk Management ................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Hazard Identification ............................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Noise Definition........................................................................... 2-1
2.1.2 Noise Hazard................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.3 Categories of noise....................................................................... 2-1
2.1.4 Off-the-Job Noise Exposure ........................................................ 2-2
2.2 Risk Assessment ...................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Risk Control ............................................................................................. 2-2
3 Hearing Conservation Program............................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Purpose..................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Objectives ................................................................................................ 3-1
3.3 Noise Identification and Assessment ....................................................... 3-1
3.4 Control Methods ...................................................................................... 3-2
3.5 Audiometric Measurements ..................................................................... 3-2
3.5.1 Employee Audiograms: ............................................................... 3-3
3.5.2 Declining an Audiogram:............................................................. 3-3
3.5.3 Baseline Audiogram..................................................................... 3-3
3.5.4 Early Indicators of Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)............ 3-3
3.5.5 Abnormal Audiograms and Employee Medical Concerns .......... 3-3
3.5.6 Feedback of Normal Audiogram Results..................................... 3-3
3.5.7 Medical Confidentiality of Audiometric Data ............................. 3-4
3.6 Training Content ...................................................................................... 3-4
3.6.1 Employee and Supervisor Motivation ......................................... 3-4
3.6.2 Training Documentation .............................................................. 3-4
3.7 HPD Selection.......................................................................................... 3-5
3.7.1 Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs) Requirements..................... 3-5
3.7.2 Consider Requiring HPDs All The Time..................................... 3-5
4 HCP Evaluation ................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Internal and External Evaluations of HCP Effectiveness ........................ 4-1

November 2001 Noise Management Page ii

 4.2 Leading Indicators ................................................................................... 4-1
4.3 Trailing Indicators.................................................................................... 4-1
5 Glossary ............................................................................................................... 5-1

A.1 Provincial Jurisdictions for Noise Control............................................................... i

November 2001 Noise Management Page iii

Project Scope

This guide applies to all business activities where noise is present.

1 Program Layout

1.1 Responsibilities

1.1.1 The employer is responsible for:

• ensuring proper implementation and administration of a Noise Management
Program for their employees,
• assessment of noise levels,
• identification of employees who are required to be included in an Hearing
Conservation Program,
• coordination for the scheduling and delivery of employee audiometric testing,
• noise exposure training,
• ensuring that employees attend both training and audiometric testing,
• informing employees of the results of area, task, and personal noise
monitoring,
• managing any changes in production, operating procedures, or equipment that
could result in changes to employee noise exposure,
• ensuring that approved Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs) are available to
employees,
• enforcing and verifying their proper use,
• implementing feasible engineering and administrative controls to reduce
employee occupational noise exposure wherever necessary.
1.1.2 The employee is responsible for:

Wearing Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs) where they are required and
adhering to the administrative control procedures of the Hearing Conservation
Program.

1.1.3 Contractors are responsible for:

Developing a Noise Management Program meeting or exceeding the requirements

of provincial and federal regulations.

1.1.4 Occupational Hygiene, Health and Safety Personnel or

Professional Consultants

Occupational Hygiene, Health and Safety Personnel or Professional Consultants

shall be consulted to identify situations in which noise exposure may threatens the
hearing of employees. They shall advise on engineering, administrative controls
and/or Hearing Protection Devices as appropriate.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 1-1

 1.2 Regulatory Requirements

Companies should be aware of federal and provincial noise regulations and their
requirements in their specific area of operations.

See Appendix “A” for list of applicable regulations.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 1-2

2 Risk Management

2.1 Hazard Identification

In preparation for noise management, recognition and identification of hazardous

noise areas and tasks must be performed by a competent professional in this field.

2.1.1 Noise Definition

Noise is energy in form of vibration conducted through solid, liquids or gases.

The word noise is often used to mean “sound that is unwanted by the listener”
because it is unpleasant. The effects of noise on humans include the following:
• Psychological effects (noise can startle, annoy, disrupt concentration, sleep
and relaxation)
• Interference with communication by speech, thus possible interference with
job performance and safety
• Physiological effects (temporary and permanent noise- induced loss of hearing
or aural pain when exposure is severe)
2.1.2 Noise Hazard

Occupational noise is a frequently encountered on-the-job health hazard. The

hazard is not always obvious at the time. However, if the ear is subjected to
hazardous levels of noise for a sufficient period of time, loss of hearing may
become noticeable.

2.1.3 Categories of noise

Hazardous noise is any sound that is present, equal to or in excess of

Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) and may cause adverse health effect(s) to
an employee. There are three general classes into which occupational noise may
be grouped:
• continuous noise
• intermittent noise
• impact-type noise
Continuous noise: Continuous noise refers to noise of approximately constant
level and spectrum.

Intermittent noise: Intermittent noise refers to noise of variable level and

spectrum.

Impact-type noise: Impulse or impact-type noise refers to short duration of

sound such as in hammer blows or explosions.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 2-1

 2.1.4 Off-the-Job Noise Exposure

Noise exposure standards are set with the assumption that employees will have
low noise exposure every day away from work and on the weekends. This allows
the ear to recover from any temporary noise-induced hearing loss. Hearing loss
may be accelerated if high noise exposure occurs both on and off the job.

There are many sources of noise exposure away from work. Typical high noise
activities where HPDs should be worn include:
• Use of firearms
• Use of power tools which may include : table saws, grinders, sanders,
• pneumatic impact wrench and hammers,
• Playing musical equipment
• Lawn and garden work using power machinery
• Recreational vehicles
**Note some of the above activities, such as firing high power weapons, pose the
risk of acoustic trauma.**

2.2 Risk Assessment

The purpose of this activity is to determine how much noise is present in the work
environment. This is the process that identifies whether or not a noise problem
exists; and if it does, a comprehensive hearing conservation program is required.
Risk assessment, which includes review of the facility, sound level measurement
and analysis, should be performed by a professional in this field (i.e. industrial
hygienist).

2.3 Risk Control

The most desirable method of controlling noise hazard is to minimize the noise at
the source. This generally means introducing noise reduction measures at the
design stage of new machinery, equipment and processes or modifying existing
equipment and structures.

NB: Hearing protective device are to be used only as a last resort after all other
types of control have been exhausted.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 2-2

3 Hearing Conservation Program

3.1 Purpose

The primary purpose of an effective Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) is the

prevention of Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) for employees exposed to
occupational noise. The main components of an HCP usually include:
1) Workplace noise monitoring and determination of employee exposure,
2) Development of exposure reduction strategy (engineering, administrative
controls and use of HPDs) where employees are exposed above the
permissible noise exposure limit,
3) Training,
4) Regulatory audiometric testing,
5) Recordkeeping.
3.2 Objectives

The primary objective of a HCP are:

6) Identification of noise sources and control methods,
7) Properly trained and adequately protected employees,
8) Compliance with the federal and provincial Occupational Health & Safety
Regulations on noise standards.
3.3 Noise Identification and Assessment

Walkthrough surveys should be carried out at the workplace to identify hazardous

noise areas. For example, areas where elevated speech level is necessary to
achieve clear communication.

All facilities should be surveyed to determine area noise levels during normal
operations. Area noise measurements conducted for the purpose of determining
employee full-shift time-weighted average (TWA) noise exposure should be
conducted in accordance with Canadian Standards Association, Standard
Z107.56-94, Procedures for the Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure.
Personal noise dosimetry is a more scientific and accurate approach to identify
actual noise level an employee will be exposed to and should be given strong
consideration in the process of noise identification.

The measurements should be conducted with:

• A sound level meter meeting the requirements for a "Type 2" instrument as
specified by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard S1.4-
1983 (R1997) Specification for Sound Level Meters;
• A noise dosimeter meeting the requirements for a “Type 2” instrument as
specified by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) S1.25-1991
Specification for Personal Noise Dosimeters, as required by provincial
regulations.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 3-1

 • An integrating sound level meter (Type 1) meeting the requirements as
specified by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) S1.41983 (R1997)
Specification for Sound Level Meters or International Electrotechnical
Commission IEC 804; Integrating-Averaging Sound Level Meters.
Area noise measurements should be taken at approximately one meter distance
from equipment or where employees would normally work and should include
multi-level working surfaces. In locations where equipment cycles on and off, the
measurements should be taken while the equipment is running.

Job tasks should also be assessed to document the potential noise exposure to
employees and to recognize if hearing protection devices (HPD) are required. Job
tasks where the noise level is > the OELs value require HPDs and should be
communicated to employees and management during training and be documented.

3.4 Control Methods

Depending on employee TWA noise exposure, feasible engineering and

administrative controls or HPDs must be used to limit employee exposure.

It is preferable that practicable engineering or administrative controls be used to

reduce noise exposure to below the permissible noise exposure limit. Where
either employee noise exposure exceeds the permissible noise exposure limit or
there is the recognized potential for acoustic trauma, feasible engineering and/or
administrative controls must be considered.
• Engineering Controls: Example of engineering controls include the use of
enclosures, barriers, insulation and dampening materials. When considering
engineering controls, priority should be given to machinery generating noise
levels exceeding regulatory permissible noise exposure limit in areas where
employees work for significant periods of time.
• Administrative Controls: Administrative controls consist of reducing the
time an employee spends in a high noise area. Changes in production
schedules or rotation of employees are examples of administrative controls.
• Personal Hearing Protection: When the above control measures fail to
bring noise down at acceptable levels, personal hearing protection is provided.
Inserts or muffs are examples of hearing protective devices commonly in use
today.
3.5 Audiometric Measurements

The objective of audiometric measurements is to establish audiometric testing,

data analysis, and storage procedures.

Audiometers must be checked on each day of use, the acoustic calibration

checked annually, and an exhaustive calibration must be done every two years.
Audiometric test rooms should be tested annually to determine the level of
background noise. The qualified Audiometric Tester is responsible for ensuring
all these tests are conducted and keeping the records of these tests.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 3-2

 3.5.1 Employee Audiograms:

Baseline and periodic audiograms must be made available at no cost to employees

whose noise exposure is equal to or greater than the OELs. Baseline and periodic
audiograms should also be made available to employees who perform tasks that
involve the potential for acoustic trauma.

3.5.2 Declining an Audiogram:

Under many regulations, audiograms must be offered to employees whose noise

exposure is equal to or greater than the OELs and employees should cooperate
with the employer’s program. When an employee declines an examination, the
refusal must be documented and documentation should kept with the employee's
medical record.

3.5.3 Baseline Audiogram

Employees enrolled in a HCP should receive a baseline audiogram within 6

months of starting employment or transfer to high risk area. Employees must be
informed of the need to avoid unprotected exposure to high noise levels for 14
hours prior to baseline and retest audiograms. Hearing protectors with sufficient
attenuation to reduce the noise reaching the ear to below the OEL may be used as
a substitute for the requirement that baseline audiograms be preceded by 14 hours
without exposure to workplace noise.

3.5.4 Early Indicators of Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

At the time of test the audiometric tester will analyze the audiogram for indicators
of early NIHL. If there is an indication of early NIHL, the Medical Contact or
Audiometric Tester should obtain a detailed history and counsel the employee on
the significance of the hearing loss.

3.5.5 Abnormal Audiograms and Employee Medical Concerns

The following audiograms are considered abnormal audiograms and should be

referred to the Medical Contact for further evaluation:
• asymmetrical hearing loss,
• unusual low frequency hearing loss,
• non-repeatable hearing tests
3.5.6 Feedback of Normal Audiogram Results

The Audiometric Tester should, where possible, review the test results with the
employees and provide them with a copy at the conclusion of the test. This
fulfills the HCP requirement to notify employees of their audiogram results. The
Audiometric Tester should send copies of all test results to the Medical Contact
who will make a medical diagnosis and referral if necessary.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 3-3

 If the Audiometric Tester does not review the audiometric test results, then the
Medical Contact must perform the clinical review and must notify the employee,
their supervisor, and the Safety Contact if any further evaluation is required.

3.5.7 Medical Confidentiality of Audiometric Data

Audiometric data is confidential medical information and will only be shared

between the employee and their Medical Contact. It is important to note that the
Audiometric Testers, during the time they administer the audiometric tests, are
working on behalf of the Medical Contact. Through this relationship,
Audiometric Testers are allowed to view employee's audiometric data.

3.6 Training Content

There is no set amount of time specified for noise training; however, certain
training content must be present in order for training to be valuable. The
following topics should be covered during annual noise training:
• Types of noise
• The effects of noise on hearing,
• The purpose of hearing protectors,
• The advantages, disadvantages, and attenuation of various types of hearing
protectors,
• Instructions on hearing protector selection, fitting, use and care, and
• The purpose of audiometric testing with an explanation of the test procedures.
• Information on acoustics and explanation of the dB scale,
• Anatomy and physiology of the ear,
• Explanation of acoustic trauma,
• Locations and tasks which require dual HPDs,
• Off-the-job noise hazards,
• Explanation of NIHL and the effects of aging on hearing loss.
Training should, where possible, be interactive and presented by a health
professional.

3.6.1 Employee and Supervisor Motivation

The motivation of both employees and supervisors is critical to a successful and

effective HCP. NIHL is preventable. Two important aspects in the prevention of
NIHL are the correct usage of HPDs by employees and the enforcement of
hearing protection procedures in the workplace by supervisors. Training should be
developed to motivate both work groups.

3.6.2 Training Documentation

Employee attendance at of all training sessions should be documented and should

include employee signatures, training materials used, dates of training, and name
of instructor(s).

November 2001 Noise Management Page 3-4

 3.7 HPD Selection

HPD’s selection should be based on an understanding of the frequency spectrum

of the noise. Each earplug or muff has an advertised NRR (noise reduction rating)
which reflects the attenuation in dB units of the HPD under ideal conditions of
use in a laboratory setting. Typically the NNR for earplugs is 25-32 dB and for
earmuffs is 10-25 dB. Field-based research has found that HPDs do not work as
well as the advertised NRR.

** Caution should be exercised when using above NRR, refer to provincial

noise regulations**

3.7.1 Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs) Requirements

HPDs must be CSA approved and made available at no cost to anyone entering
high noise areas. HPDs must attenuate employee noise exposure to below the
regulatory permissible noise exposure limit.

3.7.2 Consider Requiring HPDs All The Time

Most facilities contain both high and low noise areas. It is recommended that
local HCP Administrators and line management make the use of HPDs a
condition of entry into a facility where there are high noise areas or tasks.
Making the use of HPDs a condition of entry (like safety glasses) is a proactive
approach that ensures better employee compliance with wearing HPDs and
facilitates assessments of HPD use.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 3-5

4 HCP Evaluation

4.1 Internal and External Evaluations of HCP Effectiveness

HCP administrators should conduct periodic evaluations of HCP effectiveness.

This can be accomplished through the annual review of leading and trailing
indicators or through other internal program assessments.

4.2 Leading Indicators

Suggested leading indicators of HCP effectiveness (i.e. measures of controls)

include the following:
1) percentage of workers with noise exposure > the regulatory permissible noise
exposure limit,
2) percent reduction of noise exposed workers over time
3) reduction of assessments group's TWA exposure over time
4) percentage of employees receiving training versus expected
5) number of audiograms completed versus expected,
6) percent of re-tests required
7) number of facilities with noise surveys conducted within the past three years
versus expected, and
8) number of engineering / administrative controls implemented.
4.3 Trailing Indicators

Suggested trailing measures of HCP effectiveness (i.e. measures of hearing loss

experience) include the following:
• rate and trend of STS's, by assessment group,
• rate and trend of stable audiograms, by assessment group,
• rate and trend of potential Recordable Shifts, by assessment group, and
• progression of hearing loss experience, by assessment group.
Audiometric results should be combined by assessment group and analyzed as
group data and more meaningful review of hearing loss experience. HCP
effectiveness can not be measured by analysis of a single audiogram.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 4-1

5 Glossary

Terms Definitions

Acoustic trauma: Permanent hearing loss that results from short but very intense noise exposure.

Audible frequency The frequency range 20Hz to 20,00 Hz (20 kHz). This is the normal frequency
range: range of human hearing. Also see speech frequency range.

Audiogram: A chart or graph resulting from an audiometric test showing an individual’s

hearing threshold levels at certain frequencies. Audiometric tests are
performed on each ear using pure tone air conduction at frequencies of 500,
1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hertz (Hz). The baseline audiogram
is the reference audiogram against which future audiograms are compared.

Audiometer: An instrument for measuring the threshold of hearing

Decibels (dB): The decibel is a unit of noise measurement that represents, on a linear scale,
the log scale of sound power level. For example, for every 3-dB increase in
noise level, there is a doubling of the sound pressure level.

dBA: Noise can be comprised of many frequencies. The human ear is most efficient
at medium frequencies and less efficient at low and high frequencies. To
obtain a single number representing the sound pressure level reaching the ear,
a noise dosimeter integrates and "weights" the various frequencies to duplicate
the response of the ear. The units are decibels (dB) weighted to the "A-scale"
and are presented as dBA units.

HCP: Hearing Conservation Program (OSHA term)

Hearing loss: Loss of auditory sensitivity. Represented on an audiogram as an increase in

the hearing threshold level with respect to the standard hearing threshold
reference of zero. Unit: decibels (dB).

Hearing threshold The amount in dB's above which the threshold of hearing for an ear exceeds
level: the standard audiometric reference of zero.

HPD: Hearing Protection Device (i.e. ear plug or ear muff)

Hz: Hertz. Units of measurement of frequency numerically equal to cycles per

second.

Impulse / Impact Noise of short duration, typically less than one second. Examples are
noise: explosions and impact noise.

Intermittent noise: Fluctuating noise where the sound pressure level falls to very low or
unmeasurable values during an exposure.

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

November 2001 Noise Management Page 5-1

Terms Definitions

Noise induced hearing Hearing loss caused by either acoustic trauma or from repeated exposure to
loss (NIHL): high noise levels over an extended period of time (usually years).

Noise: Any unwanted sound.

Noise Dosimeter: An instrument that integrates a function of sound pressure over a period of
time in such a manner that it directly indicates a noise dose.

Permissible noise OSHA Term. An 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 90 decibels

exposure limit: measured on the A-scale, slow response, or a dose of one hundred percent.
The permissible noise exposure limit varies depending on the length of the
work shift.

Presbycusis: Hearing loss due to the normal aging process.

Representative Measurements of an employee’s noise dose or time-weighted average (TWA)

exposure: sound level that the employer deems to be representative of the exposure of
other employees in the workplace.

Sound level: Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the square of the measured A-
weighted sound pressure to the square of the standard reference pressure of 20
micropascals. Unit: decibels (dB).

Speech frequency Generally, the frequencies that carry information for human speech are
range: between 500 - 4000 Hz.

SPL: Sound Pressure Level

Standard Threshold OSHA Term. A STS is an average 10-dB age-adjusted shift across 2000,
Shift (STS): 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear from the most recent STS baseline.

Tinnitus: Ringing in the ear or noise sensed in the head. Associated with NIHL. May
be present after acute noise exposure but may also appear in the absence of
noise exposure.

TWA: Time-Weighted Average. A TWA measurement is the average concentration

of a particular agent or contaminant over the sample period.

November 2001 Noise Management Page 5-2

 Appendix A Provincial Jurisdictions for Noise Control

November 2001 Noise Management

A.1 Provincial Jurisdictions for Noise Control
The following is a list of the regulatory bodies and Acts which have jurisdiction over noise
control and hearing conservation in Canadian provinces. The associated website to find the full
text of the regulation is provided for some provinces.
Alberta:
Occupational Health and Safety Act
• Noise Regulation (Alta Reg. 314/81)
- Table 1 and Table 2 http://www.gov.ab.ca/lab/regs.html
• EUB Guide 38: Noise Control Directive User guide (November 1999)

British Columbia:
Worker's Compensation Act
• Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (BC Reg 296/97 as amended)
- Section 7.2 http://www.worksafebc.com/policy/regs/contents.asp

Manitoba:
Workplace Safety and Health Act
• Hearing Conservation and Noise Control Regulation (Man Reg 227/94)
- begins in Section 3

Newfoundland:
Occupational Health and Safety Act
• Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (C.N.R. 1165/96) Section 50
- (uses ACGIH-TLV booklet, as updated annually)

New Brunswick:
Occupational Health and Safety Act
• General Regulation (N.B reg. 91-191 as amended)
- Part V, Sections 29 to 33

Nova Scotia:
The "Guidelines respecting Occupational Exposures to Noise" states that the noise exposures at
work are evaluated by comparison with the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) set by the ACGIH in
1976. These guidelines are listed under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (S.N.S. 1996,
c.7)
CNSOPB Guidelines – Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health and Safety
Guidelines http://cnsopb.ns.ca/Guidelines/Draft1.htm (Part VII)

November 2001 Noise Management Page A- i

Northwest Territories:
Safety Act, General Safety Regulations (RRNWT 1990, c. S-1, R-028-93 as amended)

Nunavut:

The Nunavut Act (S.C. 1993, c.28) states that all laws of the Northwest Territories will apply in
Nunavut

Ontario:
Occupational Health and Safety Act
• Industrial Establishments (R.R.O. 1990, Reg 851)
- Section 139

Prince Edward Island:

Occupational Health and Safety Act
• Occupational Health and Safety Regulation (E.C. 180/87)
- Part 8, Section 8.1 (uses ACGIH-TLV booklet, as updated annually)

Quebec:
Act Respecting Occupational Health and Safety
• Regulation respecting the Quality of the Work Environment (RRQ 1981 c.S-2.1, r.15)
- Division VIII, Sections 44 to 55

Saskatchewan:
Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993
• Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 1996 [R.R.S. c.0-1.1, r.1]
- Part VIII, Section 113 (1)
http://www.QP.JUSTICE.GOV.SK.CA/quip/english/Regulations/Regulations/O1-1R1.PDF

Yukon Territories:
Occupational Health and Safety Act
• Occupational Health Regulation (O.I.C. 1986/164)
Section 4

Canada:
Canada Labour Code, Part II, (R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2)
• Canada Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, (SOR/86-304)
- Section 7.4(1)(b)

November 2001 Noise Management Page A- ii