Transport Planning

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 Transport Planning
 Transportation Planning
 Introduction
 Transportation Planning Process
 Transportation Policy
 The transport policy formulation process
 Transportation Modeling
 Modeling principles
 Transport Modeling
 Prerequisite for transport modeling
 The Four step model
 Evaluation and Economic Appraisal of transport
projects
 Valuing Transport Costs and Benefits
 Cost-Benefit Analysis: the Appraisal Process

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 Transport Planning

 Transportation Planning
 Help to create;
 High quality transportation facilities and services
 Reasonable and economical costs
 Minimal environmental impact
 Enhance economic activity.
 Transportation Planning
 A process that develops information to help make decisions on the
future development and management of transportation systems.
 Focused on developing long range (15-30 years) transportation
plans.
 Balance supply with future travel demand.

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 Transport Planning

 Transportation Planning cont’d

 Addresses Problems/Challenges such as;

 Travel demand alternatives for congestion reduction
 Land use/transportation coordination
 Fuel reduction measures – consumption, tax issues
 Air quality measures - reduction pollution
 Safety measures - improved travel
 Economic development
 Redevelopment activity (retrofitting)

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 Transport Planning
 Transportation Planning cont’d

 Figure: Relationship between land-use and transportation demand

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 Transport Planning
 Transportation Planning Process
 The transportation process follows the pattern shown in the flow
chart below

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 Transport Planning
 Transportation Planning Process cont’d

 Comprehensive Urban Area Transportation Planning Process (Source: ITE)

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 Transport Planning
 Transportation Planning Process cont’d

 Comprehensive Urban Area Transportation Planning Process (Source: ITE)

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 Transport Planning
 Transport Policy
 Transportation Policy is a guiding principle (plan of action)
that influences how the transport system should behave to
achieve desired outcomes and avoid transport problems.
 Include;
 Road expansion plans,

 Transit system priorities,

 Fuel tax – impact on pollution, economic expansion

 Motorists contribute to fuel savings whenever they switch to more
fuel-efficient vehicles. This may bring efficiency and
environmental sustainability but may have little effect on
congestion or safety. Fuel taxes bear most heavily on low income
motorists (both urban and rural). Fuel taxes are again a major
source of revenue to Government.
 Emission limits etc.

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 Transport Planning
 Transport Policy cont’d
 Objectives in transport policy can be categorized as follows;
 Statements of Vision:- Broad indications of the type of area
which politicians or the public wish to see.
 Higher level objectives:- referred to as aims or goals, identify
attributes of transport system, or its side effects, which can be
improved as a means of realizing the vision.
 Quantified objectives:- provide a clear basis for assessing
performance of the strategy, but they do require careful
definition if the specified thresholds are to be realistic.
 Solution-specific ‘objectives’:- specifying solutions within the
objectives and may lead to an overall strategy.

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 Transport Planning
 The Transport Policy Formulation Process
 1. OBJECTIVE-LED STRATEGY FORMULATION

 2. PROBLEM ORIENTED APPROACH

 Objective-Led Strategy Formulation

 Offers a logical basis for proposing solutions, and also for
assessing any proposals offered by others.
 Ensures that the appraisal of alternatives is conducted in a
logical, consistent, and comprehensive way against the full set
of objectives.
 Assessing the performance of the implemented measures
improves the ability to judge the potential of similar measures
elsewhere, and to predict their impact.
 Regular monitoring provides a means of checking not just on
the scale of current problems, but also, through attitude
surveys, on the perception of those problems.

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 Transport Planning
 Objective-Led Strategy Formulation cont’d

 Source: O’Flaherty, C. A. (1997), Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Elsevier.

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 Transport Planning
 Problem Oriented Approach
 Start by defining types of problems
 Starts at the second box in the Objective led
strategy formulation flow chart (see previous chart)
 Merit
 Being easily understood
 Demerit
 Dependent on developing a full list of potential
problems at the outset.

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 Transport Planning and Modeling
 Policy Instruments/Measures
 The means by which the objectives described above can be
achieved, and problems overcome.
 Infrastructures- new or expansion of roads, new rail lines,
parking, pedestrian walk ways etc.
 Management- traffic management, traffic calming, bus
priorities, heavy vehicle lanes etc
 Information- signs and markings, signals, real-time transit times
etc.
 Road Pricing- fuel taxes, bus fares, parking charges etc.
 Land use- development densities, master plan, urban plan etc
 Attitudinal and behavioral measures

 The key question with each of the measures is its ability to achieve
one or more of the objectives.
 See: C.A. O’Flaherty (1997)

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 Transport Planning and Modeling
 Basic Elements in the Transportation Planning Process Applied to
Consider the Feasibility of a New Bridge (example)

 (Source:Garber, N. J. and Hoel, L. A. (2009), Traffic and Highway Engineering, Cengage Learning
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 Transport Planning and Modeling
 Homework:
 Outline the differences between a residential area and metro
area iro;
 Overall land-use & Transport planning

 Traffic control & operation

 Infrastructure construction programme

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