AL-WIJDÁN: Journal of Islamic Education Studies.

Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, p-ISSN: 2541-2051; online -ISSN: 2541-3961

Available online at http://ejournal.uniramalang.ac.id/index.php/alwijdan

Received: Maret 2023 Accepted: Maret 2023 Published: April 2023

The Metaverse Media Analysis In A Future Of Instructional Strategy

Budi Ahmad Alfaridzi, Chamim Thohari Mahfudillah, Rossy Yatus Sangadah, Achmad
Ipnu Taqiuddin
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana
Malik Ibrahim Malang, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Universitas
Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Email: 210106210004@student.uin-malang.ac.id, 210106210005@student.uin.malang.ac.id,
210106210034@studen.uin.malang.ac.id , 200106220025@student.uin.malang.ac.id

Abstract

Along with the development of the technology and information age, new technology has
emerged in the form of AR (Augment Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality), namely 3D digital
technology that exists in the Metaverse, so that from this growth era this can affect the world of
economics, politics, and education. Thus, Metaverse is proven to be effective and efficient in
future learning strategies. besides that, Metavres is an alternative, especially in the world of
economics, politics, and education. So with this in mind, in the case study educational
researchers have a purpose and are curious about what Metaverse technology is and how
influential it will be for the world of education in the future. This research uses qualitative
research with a literature research approach (Library Research) by way of describing scientific
studies that intersect with the Metaverse and educational strategies. The basis of this research is a
combination of several features in Metaverse with educational strategies. Thus making continuity
between implementation and process very potent in the future.

Keywords: Metaverse, Strategic, Learning

Abstrak

Seiring perkembangan zaman tekonolgi dan informasi memunculan teknologi baru yang berupa
AR (Augment Reality) VR (Virtual Reality) yaitu teknologi digital 3D yang ada pada Metaverse,
sehingga dari pertumbuhan zaman hal ini dapat mempengaruhi dalam dunia ekonomi, politik
serta pendidikan. Dengan demikian, Metaverse apakah terbukti efektif dan efisien dalam strategi
pembelajaran di masa depan. selain itu, Metavres menjadi alternatife khususnya dalam dunia
ekonomi, politik, serta pendidikan. Maka adanya hal ini, pada study kasus para peneliti
pendidikan memiliki tujuan dan rasa keingintahuan terhadap apa itu teknologi Metaverse serta
seberapa berpengaruhnya terhadap dunia pendidikan pada masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini
menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (Library Research) dengan cara
mendeskripsikan dari kajian ilmiah yang berkesinggungan dengan Metaverse dan strategi
pendidikan. Adapun landasan penelitian ini ialah perpaduan beberapa fitur yang ada di Metaverse
dengan strategi pendidikan. Sehingga menjadikan kesinambungan antara pengimplementasian
dan prosesnya serta sangat potensial pada masa yang akan datang.

Kata Kunci: Metaverse, Strategi, Pembelajaran

Introduction In connection with global changes that

Education is very important in everyday
life, the view of education in the eyes of the
world is a primary need for humans for
development and self-improvement for the
welfare of one's life to the welfare of the
nation. With education one will avoid
ignorance and poverty, with the knowledge
and skills a person has acquired through the
education process can overcome the various
problems of life he faces.
Educated consists of two words, namely
E which means development from the
inside out or from a little to a lot, and Duco
which means developing so that
etymologically education is a process of
development within the individual while
according to the Indonesian dictionary,
education is a process of changing a
person's attitude and behavior or groups of
people to mature humans through learning
1
and training efforts . Indonesia is
experiencing changes in education starting
from the curriculum, learning, and strategies
to keep up with the times in education.
affect education, it is demanded that it be
relevant to the existing conditions for
development in science and technology so
that from education it is hoped that there
will be changes and balance in the era of
globalization. With the changing times,
education has experienced changes in terms
of the quality of education, learning, and
learning media. Education is an effort to
help humans gain a meaningful life so that
the happiness of life is obtained both
individually and in groups2. Education is an
activity of a group of people from one time
to another through learning, teaching,
training, and research to gain knowledge or
knowledge. Education is not far from
learning, learning is an effort to transfer
educators' knowledge to students in the
implementation of learning requires media
to convey it, seek and facilitate students'
understanding of science and technology
Learning updates every year experience
changes starting from learning strategies that
refer to the current curriculum. According
to Assingkily and Miswar, determining a
learning strategy is urgency. because, in

Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN 322

determining choices for students'
competence development strategies in
logical, critical, and creative thinking3.
strategies in learning are very important to
determine understanding and success in
learning for students.
Along with the times and the rapid
development of technology in education.
Currently, new media breakthroughs in
learning utilize digital technology. Digital
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality
(VR) technology, is the newest technology
in the world and is a topic that is being
discussed throughout the world in
Metaverse. Metaverse is a digital technology
capable of creating 3D virtual worlds by
utilizing Augmented Reality (AR) and
Virtual Reality (VR) technology, where users
can appear to be interacting in real terms in
the virtual world4.
The existence of the Metaverse in
the world of technology which has been
discussed by the whole world with the world
of education in the digital era at this time
has made researchers interested in
conducting research, in which researchers
conduct research by testing learning
strategies with Metaverse media. Through
the types of strategies in learning in
collaboration with Metaverse media, is
Metaverse media efficient for learning and
effective in learning? The research aims to
analyze learning strategies in collaboration
Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN
with Metaverse. So with the times and
technological developments in the world of
education, we can utilize Metaverse media
with evidentiary research on the media, so
that research on issues regarding media
development, it can provide convenience
and up-to-date knowledge transfer. in the
wider community, especially students, a
qualitative approach is an effective approach
in conducting research tests on the
application of virtual learning within the
scope of a flexible curriculum in the digital
era, so there is a need for new investigations
through scientific studies to find adequate
research.
Method
This research uses a type of
qualitative research, so this research uses a
literature study approach (Library Research)
as a related source. Researchers will describe
the application of Metaverse and learning
strategies to new media opportunities. Other
supporting data include scientific studies,
documents, and news related to the
Metaverse and education. Scientific studies
are obtained from national and international
scientific writings as well as various other
sources. The collected data is processed into
data that is ready to be presented, in other
words, analyzed using the descriptive
method to try to reveal the facts that
happened, written in statements originating
from sources found by the researcher..
323
Result and Discussion situations, including how to learn6. Problem-
based learning strategies are in the form of
The urgency of education in its
learning analysis on devices that can be used
implementation requires strategies in
in the Metaverse in the scientific journal
learning that can be used, learning strategies
Xinli Zhang et al that in the Metaverse the
must be owned by educators and
learning analysis module aims to utilize very
prospective educators. This is very much
large data to analyze and display the
needed as an educator because it determines
performance and learning achievements of
the qualifications or appropriateness of
students individually or as a whole7. This
learning, the learning process requires
discussion concludes that problem-based
expertise, art, science and media in
learning strategies with learning analysis on
conveying material to students in a
the Metaverse level of students' thinking and
purposeful, efficient and effective manner.
performance in learning determine skills in
The learning strategy itself according to learning to solve a problem so that it can

Wina Sanjaya in Arin et al's book says that display individual and overall student

the action plan or arrangement of learning achievements..

activities uses methods and utilizes various

Another learning strategy is an
resources or strengths in learning continuity,
experimental learning strategy, according to
which means that learning continuity
Mutmainnah in the book Siti Hermayanti et
learning strategies where teachers and
al revealed that learning strategies are
students seek to achieve learning goals
student learning activities in which each
effectively and efficient5.
student will interact with other students so

There are several kinds of learning as to be able to draw conclusions from what

strategies that can be understood and has been discussed and encourage students

synchronized based on the Metaversal to be able to prepare again the information

Framework and features in education, uses its own language logically and
8
especially learning strategies. In a problem- correctly .

based learning strategy, a problem-based

This can be found in the Metaverse in
learning approach prioritizes the learning
the learning interaction feature, namely in
process where the teacher's task must focus
physical class, students interact primarily
on helping students achieve self-direction
through face-to-face communication,
skills. Problem-based learning is used at a
whereas on the video conferencing
higher level of thinking, in problem-oriented
platform, their interactions tend to be based

Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN 324

on video and audio. Communication in the
Metaverse can be aided by interaction
technologies such as sensors, BCI, VR, AR,
or XR, learner interactions usually involve
embodied and multi-sensory participation,
as a result, the learner's multiple senses e.g.
vision, audition, kinesthetic can be highly
stimulated and motivated when they interact
within the Metaverse. This learning
interaction shows that in a multimodal and
realized way it can increase students' interest
and learning performance9.
Learning in the Metaverse
experimental learning strategies
students using the study of logical thinking
to find the essence of what is obtained
through facts, data, books, and other
information to encourage students to be
able to convey this using the students' own
language and get interaction technology
assistance existing in the Metaverse.
Learning strategies directly
indirectly are various kinds of learning
strategies in education. According
Pratama el at the quote Siti Hermayanti et al,
it is the teacher as a facilitator of learning
activities to assist students in finding new
information related to the material being
studied. Meanwhile, the indirect learning
strategy according to Siti Hermayanti et al
revealed that where the teacher acts as a
facilitator and provides the widest possible
opportunity for students to develop10.
Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN
This learning contained in the Metaverse
has been shown by Hwang and Chien in the
quote by Xinli Zhang et al that these
intelligent agents can play an important role
in supporting arbitration, simulation, and
decision making for educational purposes.
Indirectly in the world of Metaverse
students can get tutoring, seek help, discuss,
or practice skills with NPCs, meanwhile,
educators can also help or simulate teaching
with Smart NPC students at any time. In
addition, Smart et al. Also revealing and
proposing lifelogging, a key scenario in the
with
Metaverse is the capture, storage, and
tests
distribution of everyday experiences and
information for objects and people. In this
case, storage, database, or tracking
technology, real time status information of
students can be presented and shared can be
recorded and stored on Metaverse.
This helps students and teachers to
review or observe the learning process and
and
carry out some meaningful events based on
personal experience. For example analyzing
to
behavior and interaction patterns11. In this
discussion, there is a point of view that
direct learning strategies as educators or
teachers provide insight into students'
learning regarding the material being
studied, regarding the Metaverse which is
related to direct learning strategies in the
Metavrese world where students get tutoring
with the NPC features in Metaverse.
325
Implicitly, the learning strategy is not direct,
students receive tutoring and can discuss
and record what they have learned in the
world of metaverse.
According to Mulyono in his book on
participatory learning strategies is a learning
model that involves students actively in
planning, implementing, and evaluating
learning12. This learning strategy involves
students in learning activities as is the case
in the Metaverse where teacher and student
learning meet in one space in the virtual
world as stated by Xinli Zhang et al.
Students can use avatars to enter the
Metaverse space to learn and interact with
teachers using smart NPCs. in the
Metaverse in a defined way. This
involvement makes it flexible, so it can
bring comfort and freedom to teachers and
students13. In this sense, that teachers and
students play an important role in learning
activities with participatory learning
strategies, a teacher is the main holder in
each learning strategy. The Metaverse allows
teachers and students who are in different
places, for example, at home, outside the
city, to find great opportunities to be
involved in educational settings through the
devices they use. From this, this learning
strategy can take place even in a different
place by using intelligent NPCs in the
Metaverse.
There are features in the Metaverse in
Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN
education that are found in literacy scientific
studies, finding innovations in learning
strategies by distance. Distance learning in
the Metaverse is an alternative and has good
potential in the world of education in the
future. Zaenal et al made the idea that
distance learning is learning that has been
designed somewhere else or outside a
predetermined learning location, namely in
schools/educational institutions so that in
the learning process there is no direct face-
to-face meeting between educators and
students14.
This has a positive impact related to new
goals and models in education, besides that
there is awareness among educators and
students, especially in technology, so that
teachers become innovative and creative.
The implementation of the learning process
can be carried out flexibly, so that it can be
accessed by teachers and students anywhere.
Therefore, teachers and students are actively
involved in the learning process. This is in
line with Mulyati's opinion, that the
existence of work activities outside of
school can utilize technology and
information for the continuity of the
learning process, thus making a solution for
achieving learning15.
The rapid growth of technology has
resulted in the high demand for the internet
having a huge impact on virtual activities as
well as users of the Metaverse platform. The
326
development of Metaverse will have a very
significant impact on all aspects of the
economy, education, and so on in the
future, so it is possible for many companies
and agencies to education many analyze the
Metaverse.
Getting to know more about the
Metaverse historically in the world was born
in 1992 coined by Neal Stephenson in his
novel entitled Snow Crash, the person who
first used the term Metaverse in his novel,
the term Metaverse refers to a 3D virtual
world inhabited by avatars of real people.
The novel contains characters who use
digital avatars to explore digital worlds or
interact with each other, and escape from
their dystopian reality. On the other hand
the same idea in digital (digital twin) or
virtual counterpart of something real life,
was first shared in 1991 by David Gelernter
in his book entitled Mirror Worlds.16 Then in
2003 there was Second Life, developed by
Philip Rosedale at the Linden Lab, Second
Life is an online virtual world.17 With the
emergence of virtual 3D ideas in the past,
big technology companies such as Epic
Games, Nvidia, Microsoft, Intel, and Meta
have not stopped talking about it, so in 2021
the company Facebook changed its
company name to Meta to reflect the new
focus on creating Metaverse technology..
The metaverse is a digital replica of the
real world, according to Khalil Israfilzade in
Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN
a 3D world environment, new users' avatars
(personal characters) imitate them and
copying actions allows actors to engage with
each other and their environment, which
simulates the physical world. According to
Gartner, cited by Khalil Israfilzade in 2026,
25% of people will spend at least an hour
each day on the Metaverse working,
shopping, studying, socializing,
entertainment. It is predicted that this will
have a major impact on several industries,
making the economy a center starting from
marketing, fashion, technology and games18.
According to Noreen Shah, the
Metaverse economy will develop into a
higher level virtual economy with a
sophisticated commercial ecosystem and
object trading. There will most likely be a
Metaverse marketplace where virtual houses,
characters, currency, and other items will be
traded as NFTs, similar to in-game
marketplaces in virtual game worlds, but
with greater legitimacy19.
Furthermore, according to Jooyoung
Kim, judging from the development of
Metaverse, it is most likely that it will run on
blachain technology and cryptocurrencies
which will eventually try to avoid free
market competition. Everything will return
to pure market mechanisms that have been
proven to provide true results for economic
actors20.
327
 According to Katterbaeur et al, they
provided thoughts on the preparation of the
MetaVerse, namely the key to the digital
transformation of the Metaverse lies in the
readiness of the community with the
potential costs and benefits of each
investment alternative that will be carried
out in the Metaverse as is the case with
21
conventional investment .
However, according to
Israfilzade, regardless of how Metaverse
develops and innovates, Metaverse has
significant future opportunities, so to create
value throughout the organization,
businesses must carefully consider the
implementation of Metaverse's strategy for
marketing, because Metaverse is still in the
Development phase. , as shown in the
opportunity to experiment and learn before
launching final business activities22.
Indirectly, Metaverse in the educational
environment has potential in learning
because it is a significant platform or
application that makes a new learning
experience for students and educators.
According to Yose Indarta et al, from a
literature study it states that
implementation of Metaverse in the world
of education has a huge opportunity to
support the process of implementing
education to be even better23.
Considering Hwang & Chien's
Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN
statement in a scholarly paper which was
cited by Xinli Zhang, Yuchen Chen et al,
suggest that there are several steps in the
Metaverse proposed and discussed in
education namely smart tutor, smart tutee,
and smart partner, in providing services.
education and potential applications of
Metaverse to educational settings from an
AI perspective 24.
Khalil Xinli Zhang et al explained the
framework of the Metaverse in education
and delved into its key components, at first
glance the Metaverse emerged due to
technological maturity according to Young-
myoung Kang & Qinglin Yang et al's
research which has been cited that, in the
realization of the Metaverse in education is
very dependent on the latest technology.
Therefore various technologies can become
the infrastructure of the Metaverse in
education, which is responsible for
providing great support for components
both in the real world and in the world of
the Metaverse. Here are some of its
components: high-speed communication
and networking, computing technology,
modeling and rendering technology,
the
interaction technology, authentication
technology 25.
Given the growth from technology in
the present to the future the emergence of
Metaverse makes the world of education
experience changes in learning and its
328
development and seeing its growth in the
Metaverse in the economy especially in
business always expands its scope, however
Metaverse begins its development in the
field of education making learning has a
strategy even though development is still
not maximal. Therefore, educational
researchers recognize the importance of
analyzing the Metaverse, especially in the
application of learning strategies in the field
of education.
A learning will realize learning objectives
not far from learning strategies, Nana
Sudjana argues in Diah Rahmawati As'ari's
quote that teaching and learning strategies
are teacher efforts so that students can
achieve learning goals by using teaching
variables (objectives, methods, tools, and
evaluation). Andayani also believes that
learning strategies are the right way to
26
convey and carry out learning activities .
Another opinion regarding learning
strategies according to Siagian in the book
Siti Hermayanti Kaif et al is a learning
process that requires not only requiring
students to sit in class, but learning can be
done anywhere. As well as Liansari & Untari
reveal a general approach in a series of
actions that will be taken and used by the
teacher to choose several learning methods
that are appropriate to learning 27.
and types, from this Saskatchewa discloses
types of learning strategies including, direct
learning strategies, indirect learning
strategies, interactive learning strategies,
experimental learning strategies,
independent learning strategies 28.
Mohamad M. H. & Arifa K. also argue
in various learning strategies namely
expository learning strategies, inquiry
learning strategies, problem-based learning
strategies (SPEM), cooperative learning
strategies, active learning strategies,
contextual learning strategies, active learning
strategies, quantum learning strategies 29.
Conclusion
Metaverse is a digital world that gives
users the freedom to carry out the activities
they want, which is a digital space that uses
Augmented Rality (AR) and Virtual Reality
(VR) technology to become 3D and has the
scope of entertainment, financial systems,
and the world of business, work, learning
and so on in one place that can be accessed
at any time. The learning strategy is a plan of
action or a series of activities carried out by
educators including the use of methods,
techniques, learning resources, media and
utilization of resources aimed at students or
students, which aims to achieve learning
objectives.

The combination of learning

Learning strategies have various types
strategies in education with the Metaverse

Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN 329

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Education ANALISIS STRATEGI ISSN 2774-5155 Pembelajaran Jarak
PEMBELAJARAN ACTIVE Jauh Pada Masa Darurat Covid-19
KNOWLEDGE SHARING DAN Nuriya Mulyati” 1, no. 9 (2021).
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Haris, Muhammad. “PENDIDIKAN

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 Metaverse: Research Agenda.” Journal Fajrianti, S.Pd., and M.Pd Dra.
of Interactive Advertising. Routledge, 2021. Satriani.DH. Strategi Pembelajaran
https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.20 (Macam-Macam Strategi Pembelajaran Yang
21.2001273. Dapat Diterapkan Guru). Surabaya:
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Mawati, Arin Tentrem, Rosmita Sari Siregar,
Ahmad Fauzi, Friska Juliana Purba, Zhang, Xinli, Yuchen Chen, Lailin Hu, and
Kelly Sinaga, La Ili, Juliana, et al. Youmei Wang. “The Metaverse in
Strategi Pembelajaran. 1st ed. Sumatra Education: Definition, Framework,
Utara: Yayasan Kita Menulis, 2021. Features, Potential Applications,
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Mulyono. Strategi Pembelajaran Menuju
Topics.” Frontiers in Psychology. Frontiers
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Media S.A., October 2022.
Malang: UIN-Malang Press, 2011.
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Nafrin, Irinna Aulia, and Hudaidah 16300.

Hudaidah. “Perkembangan Pendidikan
Endnotes
Indonesia Di Masa Pandemi Covid-
19.” EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU
1Nafrin and Hudaidah, “Perkembangan Pendidikan
PENDIDIKAN 3, no. 2 (April 2021): Indonesia Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.”

456–62. 2Haris,“PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM

PERSPEKTIF PROF. H.M ARIFIN.”
https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i
3Hanum, “Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education
2.324.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN
ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING DAN
Rahmawati, Diah, and A S Ari. CERAMAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM ARTICLE
“STRATEGI DAN METODE HISTORY.”

PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB,” 4Akbar Endarto, “ANALISIS POTENSI

IMPLEMENTASI METAVERSE PADA MEDIA
2014, 113–20. EDUKASI INTERAKTIF.”
5 Mawati et al., Strategi Pembelajaran.

Shah, Noreen. “How Are Notions of 6 Haudi, Strategi Pembelajaran.

Ownership of NFTs Constructed in 7Zhang et al., “The Metaverse in Education:
the Virtual Economy of the Metaverse Definition, Framework, Features, Potential
Applications, Challenges, and Future Research
as Presented by Mark Zuckerberg?,” Topics.”

2022. 8Sitti Hermayanti Kaif, S, Pd., Fajrianti, S.Pd., and

Dra. Satriani.DH, Strategi Pembelajaran (Macam-Macam
Strategi Pembelajaran Yang Dapat Diterapkan Guru).
Sitti Hermayanti Kaif, S, Pd., M.Pd, M.Pd

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9Zhang et al., “The Metaverse in Education:
Definition, Framework, Features, Potential 24Zhang et al., “The Metaverse in Education:
Applications, Challenges, and Future Research Definition, Framework, Features, Potential
Topics.” Applications, Challenges, and Future Research
Topics.”
10Sitti Hermayanti Kaif, S, Pd., Fajrianti, S.Pd., and
Dra. Satriani.DH, Strategi Pembelajaran (Macam-Macam 25 Zhang et al.
Strategi Pembelajaran Yang Dapat Diterapkan Guru).
26Rahmawati
and Ari, “STRATEGI DAN
11Zhang et al., “The Metaverse in Education: METODE PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB.”
Definition, Framework, Features, Potential
Applications, Challenges, and Future Research 27Sitti Hermayanti Kaif, S, Pd., Fajrianti, S.Pd., and
Topics.” Dra. Satriani.DH, Strategi Pembelajaran (Macam-Macam
Strategi Pembelajaran Yang Dapat Diterapkan Guru).
12 Mulyono, Strategi Pembelajaran Menuju Efektivitas
Pembelajaran Di Abad Global. 28Sitti
Hermayanti Kaif, S, Pd., Fajrianti, S.Pd., and
Dra. Satriani.DH.
13Zhang et al., “The Metaverse in Education:
Definition, Framework, Features, Potential 29Hamdi and Kristiana, “STRATEGI
Applications, Challenges, and Future Research PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS.”
Topics.”

14Abidin,
Hudaya, and Anjani, “EFEKTIVITAS
PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH PADA MASA
PANDEMI COVID-19.”

15Jarak,Pada, and Darurat, “Jurnal Sosial Dan

Teknologi ( SOSTECH ) Analisis Kebijakan
Pendidikan Terkait Implementasi e-ISSN 2774-5155
Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Pada Masa Darurat Covid-
19 Nuriya Mulyati.”

16(https://teknologi.bisnis.com/read/20220623/84/

1547201/mengenal-sejarah-metaverse-di-dunia
accessed on October 25, 2022 at 01.00)

17(https://selular.id/2022/06/sejarah-awal-pencetus-

adanya-istilah-metaverse/ accessed on October 25,

2022 at 10.00).

18Israfilzade,“Marketing in the Metaverse : A

Sceptical Viewpoint of Opportunities and Future
Research Directions.”

19Shah, “How Are Notions of Ownership of NFTs

Constructed in the Virtual Economy of the
Metaverse as Presented by Mark Zuckerberg?”

20Kim, “Advertising in the Metaverse: Research

Agenda.”

21Katterbauer and Cleenewerck, “Financial

Cybercrime in the Islamic Finance Metaverse.”

22Israfilzade,“Marketing in the Metaverse : A

Sceptical Viewpoint of Opportunities and Future
Research Directions.”

Indarta et al., “Metaverse: Tantangan Dan Peluang

23

Dalam Pendidikan.”

Volume 8, Nomor 2, April 2023, AL-WIJDÁN 334