TASK 1 - MAP _ PROCESS MARTERIAL 4

HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI TASK 1 DẠNG PROCESS (PAGE 1-26) – MAP (PAGE 27-39)
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG

CÓ 2 LOẠI PROCESS: quy trình tự nhiên (vòng đời của bươm bướm, quy trình nước
bốc hơi tạo thành mây mưa, quy trình lên men của sữa chua), và quy trình nhân tạo có sự
can thiệp của con người (qt sản xuất cà phê, qt sản xuất gạch men, tái chế nhựa, tái chế
thuỷ tinh)
ĐIỂM GIỐNG NHAU: cả 2 đều chia thành nhiều bước nhỏ. Thường dùng những từ sau ở đầu mỗi bước
• Đầu tiên: Initially = At the beginning = Firstly = To begin with = In the first step
• Sau đó: next = following this = after = then = subsequently = in addition = after that = as
well as = accompanying with = secondly = thirdly = in the next stage = The second stage is
that = In the next/ subsequent step = …… followed by…..
• Các steps diễn ra cùng lúc: At the same time = Simultaneously = Meanwwhile = Whilst =
Whereas
• Cuối cùng: Finally = Eventually = At the end
ĐIỂM KHÁC NHAU: quy trình sản xuất với sự can Quy trình tự nhiên thì thường được viết ở câu Chủ
thiệp của con người thường được viết bằng câu bị Động (vì không có sự tác động của con người, mà
động ( vd trong quá trình sản xuất gạch men, đất những hành đông vẫn diễn ra hằng ngày như sự
sét không tự bản thân nó đào lên, nhào nặn, đúc giao phối của loài ếch, sự biến đổi từ sâu thành
khuôn, tự nung nóng mà BỊ ĐỘNG chịu sự tác bướm ở loài bươm bướm)
động của con người).
Ex: The life cycle of a butterfly begins from the laying
Ex: To begin, the clay used to make the bricks is eggs by the mother butterfly and from these eggs,
removed from the ground by a mechanical digger. larvaes emerge after 10 days. The Larva usually eats
Then, the clay is placed onto a metal grid, which is leaves on the tree they live and completes the second
used to break down the clay into smaller pieces. stage of the life cycle in 4-6 weeks. (Vòng đời của một
(Đầu tiên, đất sét được sử dụng để làm gạch được con bướm bắt đầu từ việc đẻ trứng bởi bướm mẹ và
lấy khỏi mặt đất bằng một máy đào cơ học. Sau đó, từ những quả trứng này, ấu trùng xuất hiện sau 10
đất sét được đặt trên một lưới kim loại, thứ được ngày. Ấu trùng thường ăn lá trên cây chúng sống và
sử dụng để phá vỡ đất sét thành những mảnh nhỏ hoàn thành giai đoạn thứ hai của vòng đời sau 4 - 6
hơn) tuần)
HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH VIẾT INTRODUCTION

• Với Introduction, bạn chỉ cần paraphrase lại câu hỏi đề bài bằng cách sử dụng các từ đồng nghĩa
với những từ đề bài cho sẵn
• Nếu process là 1 quá trình sản xuất cái gì đó, có thể sử dụng những cụm từ này để dùng thay thế
nhau trong cả bài để tránh lặp từ, hay chỉ đơn giản là để viết câu giới thiệu process:
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
The production of…………….. = The process of producing/ making……………… = How………….is

produced/ made = How to produce/ make…………
• Nếu là natural process và như một vòng tuần hoàn, ta có thể viết
In general, the process includes a series of stages like a natural circle (1 vòng tròn tự nhiên)/ a life
cycle of…………..(một vòng đời của 1 con vật nào đó), but involves……………..main steps which
begins with……………………..and finishes with…………………….
Ex: The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for use in the construction
industry → The diagram explains the way bricks are made for the building industry → The diagram
explains the way in which bricks are made for the building industry → The diagram shows the
processes used to make bricks for use in the building industry.
HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT OVERVIEW

Để viết câu overview, nên nói process có bao nhiêu bước, bắt đầu bằng gì và kết thúc bằng gì.
Lưu ý là chỉ giới thiệu ngắn gọn bước bắt đầu và kết thúc của process, không kể lể dài dòng để
dành việc viết cụ thể các bước cho phần thân bài
• There are………………..main steps/ stages in…………………..

• The …………………….involves ………………….main steps/ stages beginning with………………and
finishing with…………………..
HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT THÂN BÀI

Nói rõ ràng hành động ở mỗi gian đoạn. Có thể chia làm 2 đoạn thân bài để giám khảo dễ follow
khi chấm bài. Cái khó của dạng Process là mỗi đề lại có những động từ khác nhau, không có tính
lặp lại như ở dạng biểu đồ tròn-bảng-cột. Nếu thí sinh không biết các từ miêu tả hành động trong
process thì dễ bị mất điểm. Tip là nếu không nên bỏ trống mà cứ sử dụng những từ đơn giản để
miêu tả nhằm lấp đầy bài viết.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC: THE PROCESS OF RECYCLED PAPER PRODUCTION
Given is a process chart illustrating materials and equipment used in four consecutive steps
consisted in the manufacture of recycled paper.
• First of all, shredded paper collected in tubs are placed on a conveyor belt that transfers tubs
to a container. Then, once the waste paper scraps are poured down, they are immersed in
water and chemicals to breakdown the paper fiber materials. This activity turns the paper
materials into a slurry substance, a process termed as pulping. When pulp is produced, it is
subsequently passed through a series of screens.
• After the filtering process, the next process involves putting the clean and homogeneous
pulp in a blender made up of water and soap to enhance purity. At this point, air will be
infused while ink will be discharged by a tube. The cleaned pulp will drain through a pipe
into the last container to be submerged into water and chemicals, after which, it is put to dry
on a flat conveyor belt and flattened to form long rolls of continuous sheets of paper.
In brief, the whole recycling process for waste paper takes four steps involving pulping, filtering,
cleaning and forming. (192 Words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Topic The diagram shows the process of canning fresh fruit. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features.
The diagram highlights the steps involved in the production of canned pears. There are several
stages that take place between picking the fruit and sending it to supermarkets to be sold.
After fruits are picked by hand, they are transported by trucks to the factory. At the canning facility,
they are washed then checked to ensure that they are of suitable quality. Fruits that pass the quality
control stage are kept in cold storage until they are ready to be canned.
In the next part of the process, the fruit is first weighed and given a grade. Next, the skin is removed
along with the core before it is cut into smaller pieces. Now the slices are ready to be put into cans,
which are then sealed. Following this, the cans are cooked at a temperature that is high enough to
cook the fruit and sterilize the cans. Once this has been done, the cans are labelled and then placed
in storage.
Finally, the finished product can be dispatched to where it is sold. The canning process aims to
guarantee that the canned fruit is of a high quality and safe to eat. (194 words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The pictures below show the recycling process of wasted glass bottles.
The diagram illustrates how wasted bottles made from glass are recycled and delivered back to the
store.Overall, there are 3 main stages involved in the whole glass bottle recycling process,
beginning with collecting wasted jars and finishing with the delivery of the products for sale.
In the first stage, wasted glass jars are deposited at collection points where they are loaded on
trucks to transport to a glass treatment plant. In the second stage, several steps are taken in order
to transform wasted glass to recycled products. Firstly, bottles are washed under high-pressure
water to remove any impurities, following that they are classified into 3 categories based on the
colour, namely transparent, green and brown glass. They are then transferred to glass factories in
which they are crushed into debris. In the next step, those pieces are melted in a glass-melting
furnace at around 600 to 800 degree Celsius. After that, recycled liquid glass together with new
liquid glass are moulded into new products.
In the last stage, the glass is used to bottle different products, and then sent back to the
supermarket ready for sale. (185 words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing pencils
The diagram illustrates how pencils are produced. On the whole, the process is not only efficient, because
all parts of the tree are used, but also eco-friendly.
Firstly, the seeds are cultivated in nurseries before being planted four months later. After three years, the
plantation is thinned out, facilitating further growth and improving the quality of the wood. Once the trees
are fourteen years old, they are now ready to be used in the manufacturing of pencils and are thus cut
down to make logs.
Following this, the wood obtained is cut into thin pieces, treated in order to dry it out, and then left sixty
days until it is ready for the next phase of production. At this stage, a groove is cut into the slat and a
special glue is injected. After that, black lead is put into the slat. This is followed by the placement of an
empty slat on top to form a sandwich, which is heated and hard-pressed. Via this step, the two slats are
converted into one piece which is then cut to produce individual pencils.
Finally, these are printed, sharpened and stamped before being packaged and distributed for sale.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing milk.
The illustration demonstrates how milk is processed and produced for retail purposes.
Overall, the process begins with cows grazing and ends with milk and dairy produce being
sold in shops. It is a 9 stage, linear, man-made process.
First of all, cows are allowed to graze on agricultural land so that they can produce milk.
Twice a day, the cows are taken to a place where they are milked by a special milking
machine, and the milk is stored in a refrigerator to ensure that it stays fresh. A milk tanker
collects the milk and delivers the milk to a dairy factory where it can be processed
further.
At the dairy, the milk is used in two ways, the dairy converts the milk into either
pasteurized and packaged milk so that it is safe and convenient for customers to use, or
it is turned into other dairy products that can then be sold.
Finally, the products are sent to supermarkets and shops in order to be sold to the public.
(170 words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing electricity from coal.
The diagram illustrates the process of generating electricity from coal.
In the first stage, coal is sent to a pulveriser through a conveyor belt where it is crushed until
it becomes a fine powder. Milled coal is then blown into the combustion chamber of a boiler
and is burnt at high temperature. The burning coal produces hot gases and heat energy which
convert the water in the boiler into steam.
In the next stage, the pressurized steam is sent into a turbine consisting of propeller-like
blades. Since the steam consists of a lot of energy, it exerts pressure on these blades forcing
the turbine shaft to rotate at a high speed. One end of this rotating turbine shaft is connected
to a generator which generates electricity. Transformers are used to make this electricity
usable for household and industrial purposes. After passing through the turbine, the steam is
condensed into water in the condenser. After purification, this water is returned to the boiler
for reheating.
Overall, the production of electricity from coal appears to be a complex process comprising
several stages.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows how orange juice is produced.
The diagram illustrates the

process of producing of orange
juice.
There are various stages in the

process, beginning with the
collection of fresh oranges and
ending with the distribution of
packaged juice to supermarkets.
Firstly, oranges are picked,

loaded onto trucks, and
delivered to a processing plant
where they are thoroughly
washed by a machine. Following
this, the juice is extracted from
the oranges by a squeezing
machine, and the solid waste,
including orange peels and
seeds, is collected and used to
feed animals. The squeezed
juice can then either be
packaged and sent to the
supermarket, or transferred to
another factory to undergo an
evaporation process.
During the evaporation process,

the fresh orange juice is
processed by an evaporator
machine, in which the water is
removed. The concentrated
juice is then canned and
transported to a warehouse
before being combined with
water again.
After that, it is packaged and

distributed to supermarkets,
ready to be purchased
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing bricks
The given diagram describes how the bricks are made for the building industry. Overall, there are
seven steps in the production of bricks starting with the digging of clay and ending with the delivery
of bricks.
First of all, the clay needed to make bricks is dug from the earth with the help of a digger. Then, the
dug clay is spread on the metal grid and placed above the roller. Next, sand and water is added to
the clay and this mixture is either poured into the mould or undergoes wire cutting to make bricks.
Following this, the bricks are placed for drying in the oven for 1-2 days. Subsequently, they are first
heated in a kiln at a moderate temperature of 200 degree – 980 celsius degree and then at a high
temperature of 870 – 1300 celsius degree. The bricks are then cooled for 48-72 hours.
Finally, the bricks are packed and delivered to their destination by trucks.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing smoked fish
The flow chart shows the detailed information of how smoked fish are produced, which includes
fishing, processing and distribution.
The first step starts from catching fish and then they are shipped to ports. In ports, they are freezed
before being washed by fresh water in a water tank as soon as they thaw. In the following procedure,
the cleaned fish will be cut in half, after which they will be soaked in a container full of salt water and
yellow colouring.
The third stage involves heating and smoking the fish and after this they will be packed in boxes. Once
they are packed, they will be freezed again in cold storage room, after which all of them will be ready
for distributing and soon food shops will receive these fish.
In summary, the whole process can be divided into several consecutive steps and the most
complicated part is processing.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing olive oil
The diagram illustrates the process by which olive oil is produced.
Overall, this is a step-by-step process that is comprised of seven stages, from the
harvesting of the mature fruit from olive trees, to the packaging and sale of the finished
product.
Initially, ripe olives are harvested from trees by farmers and then taken to a rinsing
machine where they are washed in cold water. After being rinsed, the olives are
transferred via conveyor belt to another machine which grinds the olives to separate the
fruit from the seeds. During this stage, the olives are ground into a paste, and the olive
stones are removed.
The olive paste is then placed in a type of perforated bag before being put through a
pressing machine, followed by another process where any excess water is separated
from the oil. And finally, the olive oil is packaged and delivered to shops where it can be
sold.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC: The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate
The diagram explains the process for the making of chocolate. There are a total of ten stages in the
process, beginning with the growing of the pods on the cacao trees and culminating in the production
of the chocolate.
To begin, the cocoa comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in the South American and African
continent and the country of Indonesia. Once the pods are ripe and red, they are harvested and the
white cocoa beans are removed. Following a period of fermentation (lên men), they are then laid out
on a large tray so they can dry under the sun.
Next, they are placed into large sacks and delivered by train or lorry to the factory. Subsequently,
they are roasted at a temperature of 350 degrees, after which the beans are crushed and separated
from their outer shell.
In the final stage, this left inner part that is pressed and the chocolate is produced. (159 words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of recycling cans. Summarize the information
by selecting and reporting the main features.
The diagram illustrates the procedure by which tin cans are recycled via few 9 steps.
Firstly, the majority of used tin cans are put in recycling bins as collection points, then they are
transported to a treatment centre or factories where all processes are taken place. Inside the
factory, the initial step to treat these used cans is to automatically clean them with a particular
machine which transports cans with convoyer belt and water pouring from above. After drain or
detrimental substances have been cleaned, they are transferred into a furnace in which extreme
heat is applied to melt these metals for the following process.
In the next stage, they are put into a mould to form tin cans and cooled with a metal cooling system.
This is followed by the further processing of these tin cans including labeling and so on. Next, new
cans are created, they are filled with difent products
Finally, they are now ready to be transported to the market for sales or to be storing again. (171
words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing soft cheese
The flow chart gives a breakdown of how soft cheese is produced through a series of
procedures.
To begin with, water and milk, the main raw materials for making soft cheese, are
poured into a mixer to be mixed together. After this step, the mixed liquid is
transferred into a cooling container to be cooled at the temperature of 5℃ for 2 hours.
In the following step, salt is added to the mixture before the start of fermentation,
where the mixture of the three materials is fermented at the moderate temperature as
high as 35 degree in 2 hours.
Then, the fermented mixture is evaporated at 100°C for eight hours. Steam is allowed to
escape through an outlet. Finally the mixture is sent for cooling. This is done at 5°C for
eight hours. The mixture becomes very thick on cooling. At the bottom is a filter through
which the water is filtered out and on the top is an outlet through which the cheese is
filtered out. This is very soft in consistency.
Overall, it can be seen that the process of making soft cheese is a very complicated
process involving many steps.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagrams below show how to recycle organic waste into garden fertilizer
The drawing illustrates a process how organic waste is turned into useful fertiliser for
gardening. Overall, The operation goes in four stages according to the information shown in
the diagram.
Remarkably, there should be a plastic container with 2 cubic metres in capacity and air inlets
on walls allowing air to penetrate. ln stage one, daily waste is fed into the container
alternatively, food, grass, then newspapers, with 15 centimetres for each layer. ln stage two,
nitrogen and hot water (cold water is not permitted) are injected in. In stage three, the
container is heated and kept being heated for six months, permitting all the wastes inside the
container to ferment thoroughly under the catalyst of gas-heat-mixture. Consequently, in the
stage four, the stored compost or green fertiliser is formed and ready for gardening.
ln brief, the scheme of organic fertiliser production is simple but relative time-consuming.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows energy loss in fuel energy
The two diagrams present the information of energy loss in every 100 units fuel
energy, from black coal and brown coal respectively.
It can be seen from the first diagram that in the first stage where the brown coal is
sent to the power station, there are 70 units energy wasted, accounting for a large
proportion of the whole energy. In the following stage, transportation and distribution,
a relative marginal amount of energy is lost (3 units), and the remainder is only 27 units
when it is consumed by the consumers in the final step.
The black coal, on the other hand, shows a similar energy loss pattern compared
with its brown counterpart. When it is transported, the energy loss amounts to 68 units,
which means more than half of its original energy is lost. In the stage of transportation
and distribution, the same quantity of energy is wasted in comparison to the brown coal.
The consumers, who will finally utilize the energy, can only share a small proportion of
fuel energy.
Overall, the black coal loses less energy than the brown coal and the second stage
will cost most of the fuel energy.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of making products from beans
The flow-chart gives information about how the whole beans are processed into the final products for the
customers. There are altogether three steps from picking beans to manufacturing the final products for
individual consumption or industrial utilization.
Initially, the whole beans are picked from trees and their shells are removed, after which those beans are dried.
At the next stage, producers press the processed products in two ways: further pressing and further refining
respectively.
For the former method, after the additional pressing, cocoa cake would be ground (bị nghiền nhỏ). After being
ground, the outcome as cocoa powder is for individual consumers and the cocoa liquor is for the industrial
production of cakes or drinks.
For the latter, industrial chocolate with the combination of sugar is finally producing the completed chocolate
products.
Overall, the beans could be taken full advantages of by producers to make various products in 3 stages. (150
words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows the process of producing photographs using digital equipments.
The given image is a diagrammatic illustration of the process of producing photographs

with the help of latest digital technology. The entire procedure contains three main steps
namely capturing, editing and printing.
The process begins when an image is clicked or a video is recorded on the digital camera
which contains a storage unit like a smart memory card. The data stored on this memory
card is then downloaded to a computer where the images are formatted and cropped.
This improves the final quality of the picture.
Afterwards, the edited images can be sent by e-mail or stored on a compact disc for later
use and sharing. It may also be forwarded to a printing device equipped with special
photo paper for printing coloured or black and white photos.
Thus, in order to generate a high quality physical photo, three main devices are essential.
These devices are a digital camera, a computer capable of processing the data and a
printing unit.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC The diagrams below give information of three methods to recruit new employees.
The diagrams demonstrate three approaches of recruitment, which includes both in-house and
outsourcing processes.
The first and simplest method consists of three steps. Initially, the employer releases advertisements
within the company. Following that, competent applicants are shortlisted for the interview, and then,
those who successfully pass the interview are provided with job offers.
Similarly, the second strategy begins with advertising job vacancies in the press. After the screening
phase, shortlisted candidates are divided into two groups who are either tested or interviewed. In the
last stage, applicants who are selected by the company receive offers.
Different from the other two approaches, in the third method, the company outsources the
recruitment process to an external agency. Particularly, applicants are selected more carefully and
professionally through searches conducted by headhunters and by advertisements published by the
agency. Next, a list of candidates is presented to the employer, who conducts the following interview
and sends offers to the qualified individuals.
To conclude, the first two methods are undertaken internally, while the third method is more
complicated and involves external efforts.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC: The diagram below showsthe infỏmation about power loss during fuel prodiction
The two diagrams present the information of energy loss in every 100 units fuel energy
, from black coal and brown coal respectively.
It can be seen from the first diagram that in the first stage, the brown coal is sent to the
power station, there are 70 units energy wasted, accounting for a large proportion of
nearly three fourths of the whole energy. In the following stage of transportation and
distribution, a relatively marginal amount of energy is lost ( 3 units), and the remainder
is only 27 units when it is consumed by the consumers in the final step.
The black coal, on the other hand, shows a similar energy loss pattern compared with its
brown counterpart. When it is generated in the power station, the energy loss amounts
exactly 68 units. In the stage of transportation and distribution, the same quantity of
energy is wasted in comparison to the brown coal. The consumers, who finally utilize the
energy, can only share a small proportion of fuel energy of 29 units available.
Overall, the black coal loses less energy than the brown coal and the second stage cost
most of the fuel energy.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Topic: The diagram below shows the process to make three types of tea
The flow chart illustrates how tea is manufactured. Generally, there are four consecutive stages in the
production process, from the initial collection of tea leaves to the eventual production of three
categories of tea including green tea, oolong tea and black tea.
At the first stage, tea leaves have to be prepared by being picked by farmers from tea trees. As soon
as those leaves have been collected sufficiently, their moisture is removed immediately. Subsequently,
three distinct methods are adopted for different kinds of tea. As for green tea, the next process consists
of merely one step: steam tea leaves, which is the most time-efficient way compared with the other
two kinds of tea making process where air seasoning is involved. In order to make oolong tea, the leaves
are rolled before being exposed to air for 4 hours. Meanwhile, in the manufacturing of small leaf black
tea, it takes as long as 2 days to air tea leaves after they have been crushed into smaller pieces. Finally,
these leaves will become dried.
To sum up, it is important to note that there are varying requirements in the manufacture of different
kinds of tea. (194 Words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Sample The diagram shows how tea leaves are processed into five The diagram presents the
tea types. manufacture of five different
types of tea. It is immediately
apparent that although all the
teas are produced from the same
leaf, the differences in the
manufacturing process result in
five different types of tea.
The first three stages of

manufacture are the same for all
of the five teas. The leaves are
grown, they are then plucked,
and following this, withering of
the leaves occures. The final
stage is also the same, which sees
all the leaves dried in an oven.
However, in the stages in between
this, differing methods of
production are employed.
To begin, white tea is unique as it

involves no other processing. In
contrast, green, oolong and large
leaf black tea are all rolled as part
of the process. However, while
green tea is steamed before being
rolled but is not fermented, the
other two teas are first rolled and
then both fermented (oolong only
slightly but large leaf black
completely). Finally, small leaf
black tea is neither steamed nor
rolled, but is crushed before
being fully fermented.
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Topic : the procedure of how to apply for a driving license in the USA.
The flow chart illustrates several consecutive procedures involved in accomplishing a driver license in
the United States.
First of all, people have to go to a designated driver license office where they are required to fill in and
submit an application form . Then, as the forms are submitted and processed, the applicant must pass
an eyesight test to take the remaining steps. If unfortunately their vision examination fails, they are
disqualified / ineligible and declined (từ chối) for any further process; while, passers can subsequently
pay a fee.
After the payment, a written test is taken to check applicants’ knowledge and understanding of the
rules and regulations of driving. The passers can go forward straightly to the road test while losers have
another two opportunities to retake and will be charged again in case they fail both. If they pass the
road test with flying colors, they will be granted with a driver’s license. However, failure will lead to
another round of paid tests.
Overall, one must pass all three tests in order to be given a driver’s license. (183 words)
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IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC: The diagram below describes the structure of a home smokery and how it works.
The flow chart illustrates how food is processed with smoke in a home smokery.
To sum up, it can be immediately observed that the whole procedure for producing
smoked food involves three stages, with the first two underground and the final phase on
the ground level.
The main components of the smokery are settled underground, with the exception of a
sealed box on the ground, and there are two lids used to connect the smokery with open
air.
At the initial stage of smoke curing, fresh air flows into the smokery through the opened
lid. The tunnel then leads the air to the burning zone, where a fire is lighted by burning
logs, and smoke is thereby generated. What is worth mentioning here is that the other lid
has to be closed in order to ensure that the smoke does not leak away.
In the final phase, the smoke congregating in the burning zone is delivered through the
pipe to the box, where fish and meat are cured with the smoke.
25
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC: The diagram shows the evolution of cutting equipment in Stone Age about 1.4 million and 0.8
million years ago.
The diagram illustrates how the cutting instruments used during the Stone Age evolved between 1.4
million and 0.8 million years ago.
Overall, it is clear that Tool B is sharper and more regularly shaped than the earlier Tool A. Over a
period of 0.6 million years, the cutting tool also increased in size and effectiveness .
The front view (góc nhìn trực diện) shows that the edges of Tool A are rough, revealing its more earlier
stage of development. Meanwhile Tool A is comparatively primitive, the smooth edges of Tool B are
clearly more effective as a cutting instrument.
One of the main differences between the tools is shown in the side view (góc nhìn từ bên hông). While
Tool A is irregular, Tool B in contrast has a regular, flattened shape. The sharp edge of Tool B is
designed for cutting objects cleanly and easily.
Finally, the back view shows most clearly that Tool A is not only rougher, but is also smaller than Tool
B (161 words)
26
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
The diagram shows the information about how a hot air ballon works
The diagram illustrates the working of a hot air balloon. Overall, it is clear that the envelope
is the largest part of the air balloon.In addition, the diagram indicates that propane is the fuel
that is used to produce the hot air.
At the base of the hot air balloon, a propane cylinder is located in the basket. The propane
then mixes with air in the burner, producing a flame to heat the air. Next, the hot air rises
inside the envelope, causing the balloon to rise from the ground. This is because the hot air
is lighter than the cool air in the surrounding atmosphere. Ropes are shown securing the
basket section to the skirt of the envelope.
In addition to the skirt at the base of the envelope, gores and panels also form part of the
envelope section. A parachute valve at the top of the envelope is a self-sealing flap. This
allows the pilot to control the rate at which the hot air can escape. (168 words)
27
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
CHÚ Ý LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN DẠNG MAP (BẢN ĐỒ)
1. CÁCH GỌI TÊN HƯỚNG – VỊ TRÍ ĐỊA LÝ TRÊN BẢN ĐỒ:
1.1Chia bản đồ ra thành 4 phần, gọi tên theo trục thẳng đứng trước, trục nằm ngang sau, ta chỉ có 4
góc phần tư là : Northeast (Đông Bắc) - Northwest (Tây Bắc) - Southeast (Đông Nam) – Southwest
(Tây Nam)
1.2 Trung tâm: in/at the center of = in central area = in the middle of = at the heart of
1.3Kế bên: adjacent to = adjoining to = contiguous to = close to = beside to = near to = next to
1.4 Đối diện: in front of ... = opposite to …
1.5 Được đặt ở vị trí : placed = situated = sited = located = lied in = positioned = based in/at
1.6 Bên trái bên phải: on the left = on the right
1.7 Chạy dọc theo, trải dài: running along = spreading along = lying along = stretching from … to …
2. CÁC TỪ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN XÂY DỰNG
2.1 Phá dỡ nhà cửa: demolish = deconstruct = knock down = pull down = removed = torn down
2.2 Thay thế: replace = take over = take the place of = substitute = supersede
2.3 Nhường chỗ cho: give way to = give space to = give room to
2.4 Sự mọc lên : the emergence = development = appearance = establishment
2.5 Mở rộng: widen = enlarge = broaden = expand = extent = lengthen
2.6 Thu hẹp: shrunk = reduced in size = reconstructed to be narrower
2.7 Xây mới – cải tạo: erect = convert = modernise = renovate = remodel = refurbish = rebuild
2.8 Điều chỉnh nhỏ: modified = adjust = alter
3. THÌ CỦA CÂU

3.1 Viết câu bị động
3.2 Nếu 2 năm ở quá khứ hết => quá khứ đơn, quá khứ hoàn thành
3.3 Nếu 1 năm quá khứ, 1 năm tương lai => kết hợp quá khứ đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành, hiện tại đơn
( NẾU 2 HÀNH ĐỘNG XẢY RA LIÊN TIẾP NHAU, CÁI NÀO XẢY RA TRƯỚC VÀ ĐÃ CHẤM DỨT THÌ
CHIA QK ĐƠN, XẢY RA SAU THÌ CHIA HT HOÀN THÀNH)
28
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The map below shows the Road System as it is now and proposed The two maps illustrate
changes in future to reduce the number of accident. what construction will be carried out in an
England residential area for the purpose of
reducing the possibility of traffic accidents.
As shown in the first map, the frequent

accidents usually take place in three spots:
the first one is on the west of the City Road,
just in front of the school. The second one
is at the spot where Forrest Road intersects
with the City Road. And the third one is at
a small pathway, in conjunction with the
east side of City Road.
At present, from the north to the south is

the main road Forrest Road, it is in
conjunction with the City Road which
extends from the west to the east. The
west side of the City Road leads to the
school, and it is located in the north-west
of the residential area. The Low Lane
directs to the living district, which sits in
the west to the Forrest Road. The lane is in
conjunction with both the City Road and
the Forrest road. The supermarket is
situated to the east of the Forrest Road,
residents can get groceries there by driving
along the City Road.
In the future, it is noticeable that a

roundabout will be built in the centre of
the Forrest Road, which might reduce the
speed of the vehicles. Another noticeable
change is that the south side of the Low
Lane will no longer be connected to the
Forrest Road. For those residents living in
this district wishing to go to the main road,
the only way will be driving back to the City
Road and passing the roundabout.
Overall, this proposed road system is likely

to be more fully developed in order to
avoid traffic accidents
29
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : : The diagrams below show the changes that has taken place in a village park over the past 10 years
These two maps clearly exhibit the alteration happening in a particular park during the past ten years. It is
obvious that this park has been modernized and become much more crowded than before, with more
entertainment facilities and less spare space.
To be more specific, although the entrance is still located in north-west corner of the park, a new cycle path has
been constructed running along the edge of the park in the clockwise. However, the wooded field which was
covering the south east of the park , has been cleared to give space to the emergence of a new cafe. The small
Pond next to it to the west has been refurbished and reconstructed to serve visitors who come for boating.
Besides, the location of the football pitch has been maintained the same right at the center of the park in the
last ten years.
Meanwhile, the car parking are placed in the northwest field, which was in the past designed to host 20 cars,
has been expanded to host 50 cars, which is a remarkable increase. In thr north-east area, the tennis court and
children play area both have been developed and enlarged considerably, they are now doubled in size with
two additional tennis courts and a children soft play ground respectively. In addition, a picnic area has been
newly established in the south-west are which was completely empty in the past.
30
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagrams show a museum and its surroundings in 1990 and 2010.
The two pictures compare the difference of a museum in two years namely 1990 and 2010.
In 1990, on the eastern part of the path which speard from the south to the north of museum
dividing the museum into 2 halves, there was a garden and a car park, together occupying a and
a large rectangular area. Their sizes were realatively equal to each other. On the other side, a
cottage lied in the south-west of the museum, with a small shop located to the north of it. A
small storage could be noticed in the north-west of the exhibition. Apart from these, in the
northernmost part of the museum was a large garden full of trees stretching from east to west.
By 2010, several changes had taken place, except for the large garden and the path that
remained unchanged. On the eastern part of the path, the small garden was demolished and
the car park was expanded. On the other side, the cottage was replaced by a coffee shop. The
shop remained the same position but it was enlarged to be double in size. Another significant
change is that the storage was also broadened to against the wall of the garden.
During this period, the facilities inside the museum had changed significantly
31
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC The diagram below shows what an office building looks at present and plans on future development
This map demonstrates the current

situation and the proposed layout of an
office building.
Overall, functions of this building are

more concentrated as projected and idle
land is more fully used with amateur
areas being reduced.
The most noticeable changes are

expected to occur to the grass areas on
both sides of the building. Specifically,
before modification, there are two
grasslands located at the West and the
East of this building, with a stock room in
the northeast and a reception in the
southeast where staff can enter through.
One of grass in the west is projected to

be turned into an outdoor seating area,
while the other is developed into a
meeting room in the south and a WC
adjacent to a coffee machine in the
north.
As for the main part of this architecture,

at the present, at the south of this
building, four offices are in a row from
the left to the right and the reception
entrance is in the very right. The
reception and entrance are also
intended to be relocated to the mid of
two office rooms. In the North, opposite
those office rooms are the kitchen and
canteen, they are planned to be
eliminated to give room for 2 two offices.
Only the stock room is likely to stay the
same.
(218 Words)
32
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : PRESENT LAYOUT OF THE BUILDINGS AND THE FUTURE PLANNING
The maps illustrate the layout of a campus and
its development in future. Overall, the green
area in the campus will be diminished, which
will be replaced by more teaching buildings and
parking lots in the future.
From the first map, it can be clearly seen that

there is only one car park on north-east, taking
up only sixth of the area. Due south of the car
park are Genetics Building and Biology Building
respectively from north to south. Next to the
Genetics Building to the East is a Lab. The rest
of the campus is occupied by green land areas,
which make up approximately two-thirds of the
whole area. Located in the soutwest area are a
Bio Chemistry and a Lab. And there is a road
spreading along the south bank of Campus.
However, in the plan for the campus’s

development, , most trees in the north-west
corner are planned to be cleared with only a
few left to give way to the construction of the
second Genetics Building which and a Bio
Imaging Building which are planned to be
established. Besides, the old parking lot will be
remained in the previous location and
converted for student car park only, while a
new parking lot exclively for staff will be added
in the south-west corner of the campus.
Similarly, although the old Genetics Building
and the Lab in the southeast will be remained
at the same location, the Biotech in the South
of the Genetics Building is projected to be
reconsstructed to new achitectural pattern. A
newly designed Chemistry Building will be
constructed in the same location.
Inconclusion, the campus’ infrastructure is

scheduled to be improved with more facilites in
future. (281 words)
33
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The graph shows the development of a particular college campus from 1975 to 2002 and
the proposed development of 2022.
The two maps show the changes in the layout of a specific university campus in 1975 and 2002, and the projected
development in the next two years.
Overall, it is clear that great changes occurred as this university had more constructions over these years. And the
infrastructure will continue to be improved according to the plan for 2022.
In 1975, four main areas could be noticed in each corner of the university, and a large area in the center of the campus
was covered with trees. In particular, in the north-western corner, a sports center was situated, surrounded by a road
which intersected another road slanting through the trees, connecting the sports center to the lecture room in the
south-eastern part. In the northeast area, a car park was located alongside the buildings for drama and music that
were adjacent to it to the west. A main library could be seen in the southwest of the schoolyard.
By 2002, in the campus center, much of the vegetation was cleared, and road running across the campus was
demolished in order to give room to the emergence of a new science building. Furrthermore, in the southwest, the
library was relocated towards the east, giving space for the construction of a new IT room. Besides, the car park was
expanded 3 times larger than it was in 1975. Lecture room and Music room were remained the same over this period.
By 2022, it is expected that the sports centrer wil be converted to and indoor sport centre in the site of the original
sports field. In addition, there will be a short path built to link the sports field and the IT room. (280 Words)
34
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Topic: The maps show the Riverside Park in 2010 and the
The two maps illustrate the refurbishment of the
Riverside Park now. River Park in two different years 2010 and the
present. Overall, it is evident that during these
eight years the park has experienced significant
improvement in facilities while the green areas
As observed, the River Park is located on the west

side of Heritage Railway. Before the renovation, it
used to be relatively deserted and many places
were empty. There was a river flowing from west
to east in the north bank, with a toilet by its side. A
main road which stretched from north-east to
south-west led to three car park adjacent to the
woods in the southwest of the park. And in the east
of the park, there was a heritage railway
which serves as a vital north-south transport
artery.
After the development, Heritage Railway and the

main road remain unchanged but many
accommodation and entertainment facilitates have
been constructed to facilitate the tourists.
Specifically, one striking change is that a cycle path
has been built along the river edge, running
through the majority of the park from west to east.
Between the cycle path and the main road, a large
scale of land has been utilized
to construct recreational facilities such as sports
fields, swings, and a café bar. The station is located
to the south of the recreation area, which is very
convenient for the tourists. On its opposite side, a
large hotel equipped with parking has been newly
built.
In summary, the park has become more attrative

and the infrastructure has been designed to
facilitate the tourists' stay, visit and amusement.
(264 Words)
35
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Topic: South Wing of Wherton Museum in 2008 and 2012
The two maps illustrate how the layout of the south wing of Wherton Museum changed during the period
from 2008 to 2012.
In 2008, the structure of the museum was comparatively simple. A path led to the west part of the
museum, connecting with the special collective gallery and the entrance. A shop was adjacent to the east
of the exhibition, and opposite to a Cloakroom located in the south-east corner with stairs lying between.
There were a reception room and a reading room built in the north part of the museum.
The four years witnessed a considerable change. The entrance, which was a less important part previously,
was shifted into a entrance hall. Beside it, the former reception room was developed a new affiliated
function as a cloak room with a newly-built restaurant placed in the northern part. The east side of the
museum underwent dramatic changes with only the reading room remaining, while other new zones such
as an exhibition room, children area, self-service café and a lift were freshly constructed. Additionally,
theoriginal Cloakroom was converted to a new Children playing area.
To sum up, more functional zones were built on the 2012 layout of the museum.
36
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Topic : the plan below shows the changes of a museum between 1998 and 2008.
The maps clearly indicate the changes of a

museum in a decade from 1998 to 2008.
In 1998, the museum was quite plain as can be

seen from the picture. The ticket office was
just in front of the entrance door. Then going
forward, you would see a garden set in the
centre of the museum with a cafe bar right
behind it. These four areas were located in a
line in the middle of the museum, dividing the
floor plan into three parts, where the
exhibition room was placed on the left while
the washroom and cloakroom on the right.
The year 2008 did not see much alterations of

the entrance or the ticket office. However, the
garden was modified by a fountain and seating
for cafe as well, since the coffee bar was
moved from the back of the museum to the left
of the garden. Besides, the cloakroom was
cancelled and the washroom took the original
place of the cafe, leaving plenty of room for
the right area in the museum where exhibitions
were being held. (179 words)
37
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
Topic: The map below gives information about a college at present and its future view in 2015 after
reconstruction
The two figures demonstrate the estimated changes of a college between 2014 and 2025.
At present, a garden lies in the northern part of the college and five car parks are located in the west. Both
of them are linked to the school building by a footpath, while its entrance is in front of the garden. Inside the
building, a lunch area and two classrooms lie in a vertical line along the western side, while one more
classroom, a reception and a library are opposite to them in the eastern part. For the southern edge, there
is a toilet in the middle, and a bus stop on the southwestern corner, accessed by a road.
In 2025, several changes are expected to be witnessed. The garden and the footpath will be removed, since
the teaching building will be extended. A new shop will be established in the building’s northwestern corner,
and the library will be moved to the southwestern end. Between them, there will be the original lunch area
and one classroom, while other four classrooms will be seen in the opposite side. The entrance will be rebuilt
in the middle southern edge, adjacent to the bus stop, and the corridor behind it will be replaced by a
reception. The toilet is planned to be in the middle of the Shop and Classroom in the north.
To summarize, more rooms and car parks will be constructed in the college during the period.
38
IELTS ĐÌNH LONG
TOPIC : The diagram below shows about the fire escape plan of the 2rd floor of the student in the
accommodation at the college.
The map illustratces an evacuation plan in case of fire emergency for the second floor of the
university dormitory. Overall, there are one lift, two stairways and seven bedrooms on this rectangle
shape floor, all with access to the corridor in the center.
It is clear that once the building is on fire, there are two ways for students to escape from the building
through the nearest stairs and fire exits. As can be seen from tha map, students who are living on the
West of the floor, including those in the bedroom numbers 1, 2 located in the north west and room
number 3 in the south west area , are instructed to move to the fire exit A through the corridor and
stairs on the left.
While, students who stay in the bedroom numbers 4 and 7 placed in the south-east just need to go
straight to the stairs in front of their rooms, others who are in the bedroom numbers 5 and 6 located
in the north-east, and those who are in the lift, are guided to approach the fire exit B Vto the stairs.
After exiting the building, students who go through the fire exit A are supposed to be present at the
first meeting point 1 on the letf. This completes the description of the fire escape plan.
39

TASK 1 - MAP _ PROCESS MARTERIAL 4

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HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI TASK 1 DẠNG PROCESS (PAGE 1-26) – MAP (PAGE 27-39)

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG

HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH VIẾT INTRODUCTION

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

The production of…………….. = The process of producing/ making……………… = How………….is

HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT OVERVIEW

• There are………………..main steps/ stages in…………………..

HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT THÂN BÀI

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

The diagram illustrates the process of generating electricity from coal.

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

The diagram illustrates the

There are various stages in the

Firstly, oranges are picked,

During the evaporation process,

After that, it is packaged and

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

The diagram illustrates the process by which olive oil is produced.

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

The given image is a diagrammatic illustration of the process of producing photographs

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

The first three stages of

To begin, white tea is unique as it

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

CHÚ Ý LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN DẠNG MAP (BẢN ĐỒ)

1. CÁCH GỌI TÊN HƯỚNG – VỊ TRÍ ĐỊA LÝ TRÊN BẢN ĐỒ:

2. CÁC TỪ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN XÂY DỰNG

3. THÌ CỦA CÂU

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

As shown in the first map, the frequent

At present, from the north to the south is

In the future, it is noticeable that a

Overall, this proposed road system is likely

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

This map demonstrates the current

Overall, functions of this building are

The most noticeable changes are

One of grass in the west is projected to

As for the main part of this architecture,

IELTS ĐÌNH LONG - MAP & PROCESS – LEARNING MATERIAL ❹

From the first map, it can be clearly seen that

However, in the plan for the campus’s