Stage 1 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring during infancy, revolves around the conflict

of Trust vs. Mistrust. At this crucial early stage, typically encompassing the first year of life, infants begin to
form their first impressions of the world and their place in it. The key virtue associated with successful
navigation of this stage is Hope. Infants develop a sense of trust when their caregivers provide consistent,
reliable care, meeting their basic needs such as nourishment and affection. In an environment where
caregivers respond promptly and create a secure and loving atmosphere, infants learn to trust the world
around them. This trust lays the foundation for a hopeful outlook on life. Conversely, if caregivers are
inconsistent or neglectful, infants may develop mistrust, leading to a more withdrawn and apprehensive
approach to the world. The resolution of this stage sets the stage for subsequent psychosocial development,
influencing the individual's ability to form healthy relationships and approach life with optimism.

Stage 1 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring during infancy, revolves around the conflict
of Trust vs. Mistrust.
- typically encompassing the first year of life, infants begin to form their first
- The key virtue associated with successful navigation of this stage is Hope. Infants learn to trust or develop a
sense of trust when their caregivers provide consistent, reliable care, meeting their basic needs such as
nourishment and affection.
- if caregivers are inconsistent or neglectful, obviously infants may develop mistrust
- The resolution of this stage sets the stage for subsequent psychosocial development, influencing the
individual's ability to form healthy relationships and approach life with optimism.

Stage 2 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory is centered on the conflict of Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt and typically unfolds during early childhood, spanning ages 1 to 3. This stage is characterized by the
virtue of Will. As toddlers begin to explore their surroundings and assert their independence, caregivers play
a pivotal role in shaping the child's sense of autonomy. Positive experiences, where caregivers allow
reasonable choices and encourage self-expression within safe boundaries, contribute to the development of
a strong will. Children who navigate this stage successfully emerge with a sense of confidence in their
abilities and a belief in their capacity to make choices. On the contrary, an environment marked by excessive
control or harsh criticism can instill feelings of shame and doubt in the child's abilities, potentially hindering
their developing sense of autonomy. This stage lays the groundwork for the child's developing self-esteem
and autonomy, influencing their approach to challenges and decision-making in later life.

Stage 2 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory is centered on the conflict of Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt
- As toddlers begin to explore their surroundings and assert their independence, caregivers play a pivotal role
in shaping the child's sense of autonomy.
- Positive experiences, where caregivers allow reasonable choices and encourage self-expression. Children
may have a sense of confidence in their abilities and a belief in their capacity to make choices.
- if the environment is full of harsh criticism, it may instill feelings of shame and doubt in the child's abilities
- This stage lays the groundwork for the child's developing self-esteem and autonomy, influencing their
approach to challenges and decision-making in later life.
Stage 3 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory is characterized by the conflict of Initiative vs. Guilt and
typically occurs during the Play Age, covering the preschool years from ages 3 to 6. The key virtue associated
with the successful resolution of this stage is Purpose. During this period, children begin to take initiative in
play and various activities, expressing their creativity and curiosity about the world. Supportive caregivers
who encourage, guide, and allow the child to explore their interests foster a sense of initiative and purpose.
Positive experiences at this stage contribute to the development of a confident and purposeful individual.
However, if children face overly restrictive environments or encounter excessive criticism, they may develop
feelings of guilt and inhibition, stifling their ability to take initiative. Successfully navigating this stage is
crucial for the development of a sense of purpose and the capacity to set and pursue goals throughout life.

Stage 3 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory is characterized by the conflict of Initiative vs. Guilt and
typically occurs during preschool years from ages 3 to 6.
- The key virtue associated with the successful resolution of this stage is Purpose
- children begin to take initiative in play and various activities, expressing their creativity and curiosity about
the world
- caregivers who allow children to encourage Positive experiences at this stage contribute to the
development of a confident and purposeful individual.
- if children face overly restrictive environments or encounter excessive criticism, they may develop feelings
of guilt and inhibition.
- navigating this stage is crucial for the development of a sense of purpose and the capacity to set and pursue
goals throughout life. Without this, we don’t have this kind of initiative to do things.

Stage 4 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory is characterized by the conflict of Industry vs.
Inferiority, and it typically unfolds during the School Age period, covering the years from around 6 to 12. The
virtue associated with successfully resolving this stage is Competence. During this time, children are exposed
to new challenges and learning experiences in school and other social environments. Supportive caregivers
and educators who set reasonable expectations and acknowledge a child's accomplishments contribute to
the development of a sense of industry or competence. Positive reinforcement for efforts and achievements
fosters a belief in one's capabilities. Conversely, an environment that is overly critical or sets unrealistic
expectations may lead to feelings of inferiority and passivity. Successfully navigating this stage is essential for
the child's development of a positive self-concept, a belief in their ability to contribute, and the motivation to
engage in meaningful tasks and activities. The outcomes of Stage 4 significantly influence the individual's
approach to learning, work, and relationships in later life.

Stage 4 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory is characterized by the conflict of Industry vs.
Inferiority, and it typically unfolds during the School Age period
- The virtue associated with successfully resolving this stage is Competence.
- children are exposed to new challenges and learning experiences in school and other social environments.
caregivers and educators who set reasonable expectations and acknowledge a child's accomplishments
- Positive reinforcement for efforts and achievements fosters a belief in one's capabilities.
- navigating this stage is essential for the child's development of a positive self-concept, a belief in their
ability to contribute, and the motivation to engage in meaningful tasks and activities