MODUL 2:

POWER GENERATION,
TRANSMISSION &
DISTRIBUTION
DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
How power supply reach us?

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

POWER GENERATION,
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Generation
Transmission
Distribution

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

Power Generation,
Transmission & Distribution
 Before electricity reach to us, it has to be
generated, transmitted and distributed.
 Electricity is generated at power station
and the voltage is raised to a specific
level at the main substation before it is
transmitted to the designated
destination.
 Consumer received the voltage level is
415V/240V at the distribution substation

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

 POWER GENERATION
3 main types of power station in Malaysia
i) Hydro Power Station
- uses high pressure water from a dam as a prime movers
to turn the turbine fans.
ii) Thermal Power Station
- uses fuel, coal & gas to heat the water in the boiler
and produce high pressure steam to turn the turbine fans.
iii) Gas Power Station
- uses high pressure gas that acts as the main source
of energy to turn the turbine fans.

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

POWER GENERATION - Cont

 Another Type of Power Plant

i) Solar Power Plant

ii) Nuclear Power Plant
iii) Wind Power Plant
iv) Marine Power Plant
v) Biomass Power Plant

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
POWER STATION

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Power Station Plan

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Hydro Electric

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 HYDRO GENERATOR

The circle shows the flow of water to turn turbine .

This will caused motor to activate.

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 SOLAR GENERATOR

Solar energy from solar panels transfer to inverter .

From inverter to distribution board and connect to
home appliances.

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

WIND GENERATOR

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION

 Process electricity transmitted from power

station to main distribution substation.
 Generated 11KV and then raised via step-
up transformer to 132KV/275KV/500KV
 The purpose to raised up is to reduce the
transmission current. So its will be ;
i) reduce heat loss (power loss)
ii) able to use of smaller size cables
iii) minimising voltage drop in the cables

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

 Transmission

o Is a process to send
currents from main generator
station to sub station.
o To send currents from 11 kilo
volt to 132 kv, 275 kv and 500
kv. by using step up
transformer.
o By increasing the voltage but
lease the current is to avoid the
loses of power consumption.
o Voltage Networking in
Malaysia is in the value of 132
kv, 275 kv dan 500 kv name by
Grid National Networking.
o Pylon Tower is for high place
for distribution.

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

 11
Power POWER GENERATION,
TRANSMISSION &
plant
kV

DISTRIBUTION
Transmission
11/66, 132, 275 kV substation

Transmission
System

132/11 kV

Power
substation

11 kV/415 V
240V
Transformer

Distribution
System
ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION

 Distributing electricity from main

distribution substation to consumers.
 Step down from 500KV/275KV/132KV to
33KV/11KV using step down transformer
 The actual voltage distributed to the
consumers is step down to 415V/240V at
substation
 415V is three phase voltage & 240V is
single phase voltage.

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

Distribution

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION

240V

240V 240V 415V

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
SPECIFICATIONS

According to MS IEC 60038 standards

1. Single phase with nominal voltage of 230V,
range +10%, -6%
2. Three phase supply with nominal voltage of
400V, range +10%, -6%
3. Permitted frequency is 50Hz ± 1%
4. Earthing system type (TT system)

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

 JENIS-JENIS SISTEM PEMBUMIAN
 Sistem TN-S : Suatu sistem dimana pangkalan
pembumian utamaseseorang pengguna
haruslah disambung pada titik bumi sumber
tenaga.
 Sistem TN-C-S : Suatu sistem dimana pembumian
pelbagaipelindung disediakan oleh
pembekal dimanakaedah-kaedah yang
sewajarnya hendaklahdisediakan
untuk menyambungkan
pangkalanpembumian utama pengguna
pada dawai neutralsumber tenaga.

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

• Sistem TT dan IT : Suatu sistem dimana pangkalan
pembumian utamapengguna hendaklah disambungkan
melalui satupengalir pembumian ke elektrod bumi
denganmematuhi peraturan-peraturan yang telah ditetapkan
• Sisten TN-C :

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DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
Distribution Sub Station

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SUBSTATION 11KV/415V

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Feeder Pillar

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POWER GENERATION,
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG
 DISTRIBUTION BOARD
FROM TNB

DISTRIBUTION BOARD

Cartridge
Fuse
Neutra
MINIATURE CURCUIT BREAKER (MCB)
Link
MAIN
EARTH LEAKAGE FUSE
CIRCUIT
BREAKER (ELCB)

Ground Neutral

DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING _PEEG