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(Skinner's Theury)

FA-K ( Skinner ) ET sfayfa tG fEI-T yE sTvE Bfnt 34H (approach )

346 34TTH T fAaT EI R-ATUft 3qrH' (empty organism approach) -t ÃI 4T EI HH

4qt (theoretical concepts ) à ZH à f


1. ufart qlat Tfzqa (Respondent response and Operant response )
conditioning ) T IET ATK Hqq4 (Type-R conditioning)
2. I^Y N H4NH (Type-S
3. frNG T frn (Principle of Operant conditioning )
4. qEH (Skinner box )
5. #qet fT(Cumulative recording) lever pressing response)
T 3ggT (Conditioning of
6. f r qATA gfar negative ) yHdA ( reinforcement
)
TT UHS(
7. AH% (positive )
8. ¢s (Punishment)
(Schedules of reinforcement )
9. ydert 3 t
ve
more than fifty years ago is still
386

10. IT (Shaping ) recovery )


(Spontaneous
11. fatyT (Extinction ) TT yTey
12. j4GdI (Chaining )
13. f G AER (Verbal behaviour )
14..51f+frgs T(Programmed learning)
Operant response )
Respondentresponse (respondent response) TT
and
1. ufrart sgfasr ar fasuruya Agfasur ( -ufaart gfht
)
fa g62T (operant response )i ufrart AAY Yfrss (involuntary
3ATf î IT 3y (stimulus ) r qTf I

af gtBd TU aRT 3HfT (emit


(voluntary)

GYT (Type-R conditioning ) T


2. I^Y- LH AZqA (Type-S conditioning )aT ZIEs-3TT ^Y-TH qT
RE Jya 4qfhY3id 3gay RE 344q ( conditioning ) t adT IHq 0 frarct
(Type-Sconditioning ) TT ZE-3TR 3gqH ( TypeRconditioning)|I^Y-UH
Hg4TA( respondent conditioning )d GI IIGI T YE TIÍNt 3g47 (classical conditioning )

tacifa 3gdua (Pavlovian conditioning) T tHGTR-}TR AI IfÁ 314 Zrgy-UH

3gg arargY-34TR 3gq l TET y (operant conditioning ) Ê HTYATHE


3 (instrumental conditioning ) T G¿l s l H a_y-3R 444 SHfTr aI SIT

(response rate )
fad Y À 3fyaA
HAT (magnitude ) T3aA E¥t I
(strength ) 3ge5T (
conditioned response)) t
fq3it (voluntary or àa
AATA ( skeletal
or response)
involuntary automatic )31h4|31
387
3.
fehuruT T fr4 ( Principle offOperant Conditioning RàfesAsT gar
stimulus ) feT STT, g

(Consequence ) T feeT t

yrtt ( contingent
reinforcement) T ST II
Sg H (small test chamber ) fhT f 3et HTGI Y-UYT 314444 A
conditioning chamnber )1
(operant
AE dÂR

O----t-- tlK qHH (Skinner box ) TG fAT 3ir ger H


--ferr 59d (grid floor ), NT, # i r RT LA YIH

5.Haût fraifst (Cumulative recording )E


fr 7.4: qht (Skinner Box)

NO RESPONDING

CUMULATIVE
RESPONSES
A SERIES OF
RELATIVELY
FAST RESPONSES

THE
INDICATES

A
SERIES OF RELATTVELY
SLOW RESPONSES

ANOTHER
RESPONSE

ONE
RESPONSE
NO
RESPONDING

TIME

Recording )
fer 7.5 : Hat tafST (Cumulative
presentation of a reinforcing stimulus, the strength i
operant is followed by by Hilgard &Bower: Theories c
1. "If occurence of an organisms 1938, p. 21 (quoted
increased."Skinner: The Behaviour of
388

Y-37T V g54T ( response ) T HGN (total number of responses )1 for Hqf tafr

6. cîer zeà â agfasr T gaH (Conditioning of lever pressing response )-R à

(ii ) ~ufMT vNUT (Magazine training )-- I afNRur *T( food


cup ) HÍET Yh4 (feeder machanism )fo fH(magazine )hEI SII , t 3AA

(iii )Árat za t 3gfahT (Lever


pressing response )-H AfU EE =

7.ATH AT UTTT YaH (Positive and


HE yTdGT (positive Negative reinforcement) Á 3r44 fHGIRI
reinforcement ) TUH yder (negative reinforcement ) %
ydTT 3<TTU TI yArHA YeT
UTfT ( primary ) T4T (secondary ) n t
H
a g dî
AUTC4F
tT (secondary ) sgdTH (negative
& z
ta GI reinforcement ) 3<1ETUT YE 4t rT4Gi (
primary
(Punishment ) - d Hq4T a
F3 ATHE AT (
)1
at Tfss (Thormdike ): positivething ) qffafa
4)
3HET tdtà responding rate
of ( R t 3T aTG
ácTA YEFRU TATT GRE T(iü)
(reinforcement
qfrcrt ) y4eH schedules) (fixed 3gtet AfNTT
R
}IIGT YI 34764T G4 Ha schedule) interval (fixed 3aUT
41 Afy
TA(moderate
T ) HAUT schedule) interval variable ( 31
3iT yRqi T.
gf641 3u4Tschedule
4) ratio (fixed 39g 3441 ffNgd (highest
),rate 3rf
rfas schedule
reinforcement
#) ratiovariable Rt( yadsH squra URTÉ (ii)
at AfeG response
a át ) (operant 32T t5HT H
enment ) partial JAdTA( HÍfUTE reinforcement
3rAT ) (Continuous ytT HT (i)
rat art VSt response) (operant qER rg 3get faf AT
interval variable 3474t( yH 3YT vfkat schedule
Treinforcement
) interval fixed (
3tG4T HET 3TAR reinforcement
ydschedule) interval 3TYT( Y4dTH 34-TTT
0ytdc4
4 schedule
&) ratio variable ( 3HH T YfaÍ HHI fHU thtyrdttd
HGA fATd YG ydT34 fAfrT schedule
reinforcement
)I
y4d EYIA qfrat shedule
T reinforcement
ratiovariable HTT (
) ratio (fixed 7Ht YAdAT ATT ddtAty
oHH II RaI 3Hschedule)reinforcement
reinforcement
schedule) (ratio 34t yg 3gr
interval 39HT( YTdTT 4TT i)
schedule
TT reinforcement
), (
ratio 3t( y+dT& gIT (i)
reinforcement
À)
tinuous YTdT4 reinforcement
HTT )I
ntinuous YdA HTA (reinforcementpartial yraT(
pattern HTVTG reinorcement
qT )
t ) ydH
f
434t gTdAA AI
TÍT reinforcement
HT t ) schedule
of yR yT:T H
reinforcement) JTdTT TH TT reinforcement
* (Schedulofes THyrderH 9.
344 TT 3T
t(aggression) 31G|4hT
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T¥I 3rfe G gfTUz TtI T level)original
389
behaviour
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EIreinforcement
AIS )
frr
tacts) ( Z(ii)
HH HAT) (ERYfscch t5 )-is
HT I behaviour (Verbal LAET TfoZA 13.
F:situation
(experimental
) Tfyft rAITG gTar<(extinction) Ta
reinforcement
effect) partial THTT( JTdTT TG gà tAt râ fr faeu gia-e
level(operant
) h4I4HT
KR 3-fT 34 HÊ SH
(reintorcement)
TI VEt
Af T,ZA:Z Darallel
a) ( HA 3X--t recording)(cumulative
GTT,t BeI àt )
feT (reinforcement conditioning
yrd ) (operant
aS 424 recoveryspontaneous (Extinction
and yref fatuaT 11.
sUccessive 3TIt( ftr IAT RAT TêyHR ar3 GhE8
proximation)
ajproximation (successive ZUTT4
reinforcement) (differential yaaA 4e5 ii) (
(componentsE) fa(i)
S fü I
response complex aTfa (
f5of reinforcement
asT
t )
Shaping ) (
( f 10.
390
(v) (iv (ii material)
) i) (
) (iv)
ÉH HTYATHH fHeR 4dyfh $H fuad 14.
HEd f t hThTHTYMt<Gattlth
( TT 341YA
374 8 (systematic
F Chomsky, AqH fSGRT qER
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34T
(Miller Y0 f # reinforced (
3Z -T-A- 1959, HER GIdT fs aER
theory (Programmed
g+
1971 MTATGt & Tolman, ( , (Autoclitic
e S
4TTR- ) Dicara, AIZT * ) uft tr )
HU` fes E RIU ai
T
3g2(respondent 1932 I
f learning
REIT 1967 f414d ydGT HyîT (orammaical behoniosur
THOTT
(Rat-in-a-Skinner ) rT)
 tg )--gifgsas
3y (reinforcement teaching ( )--1ÂH
3TGAAT
( 3444H
yeT (Blodgett, framework
etaphorical machine AER
GKT responses , (Skinner
(operant H
box EY 3TT
) GEI 1929 1) Ê-R ) Complex (
)T4 E h81 ) T4 )
conditioning tT
expression 3I44 YE )
ht dH| 3qHrT verbal
l
1*fd
El 3 3
À HA at
) T fa 3riklebehaviour
3T fefa ) HrE
Tt aT F
fHGA heart ( H5 F3
g 391
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A
392

TH (Skinner box ), f4144T 4AER (operant response ),


reinforcement ), ifT (shaping) nf fGt 4nfaTT aa À 3T îtyH¢TH

(schedule of
HGGgfI
(Hull's Theory)
TÉ E (Clark Hull ) 4G AqERAt ( behaviourist )
f e íH â rGA U

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