GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU)

Chandkheda , Ahmadabad.

K.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Savli (Dist.Vadodara)

A Project Report On

“ Control Of Lathe Machine Tool Vibration “

Team ID :-

Prepared as a part of the requirements for the subject of

DESIGN ENGINEERING – I A
B. E., Semester – III
(Mechanical Branch)

Submitted to :- Prof. Shushant Prajapati

Group

Sr. No. Name of student Enrollment number

1. PARMAR AKSHAY JAYDIPSINH 220643119020
2. GANDHI VEDKUMAR HEMANTKUMAR 220643119006
3. PARMAR SUJAL BHARATKUMAR 220643119024
3. PATEL JENIL JIGNESHBHAI 220643119030

Faculty Guide Head of the Department

Prof. Shushant Prajapati Prof. Bhavin Pandya
 K.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Academic Year
2023-2024

Certificate
Date:-

This is certify that the project report entitled “ Control Of Lathe Machine Tool Vibration “
has been satisfactorily carried out by Parmar Akshay Jaydipsinh (220643119020), Gandhi
Vedkumar Hemantkumar (220643119006), Parmar Sujal Bharatkumar (220643119024), Patel
Jenil Jigneshbhai (220643119030) under my guidance in fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor
Of Engineering in Mechanical branch ( 3rd Semester ) of the Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 2023-24 as per curriculum.

Internal Guide : . Head Of The Department

Prof. Shushant Prajapati Prof. Bhavin Pandya
Acknowledgement

We are really thankful to Our internal guide Prof . Shushant Prajapati and all the faculty members for
helping us through our project by giving us the necessary suggestions and advices along with their valuable
co-ordination in completing this work for our 3rd semester project entitled “ Control Of Lathe Machine Tool
Vibration “
We also thank our institute principal D.U. Shah sir and the Head Prof. Bhavin Pandya of Engineering
Department, KJIT SAVLI for their invaluable guidance and assistance, without which the Accomplishment of
the task would have never been possible.
We also thank our parents, friends and all the members of the family for their precious support and
encouragement which they had provided in completion of our work. In addition to that, we would also like to
mention the college personals who gave us the permission to use and experience the valuable resources
required for the project from the college premises.
Thus, In conclusion to the above said, we once again thank the faculties and members of K.J. INSTITUTE
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SAVLI (DIST.VADODARA) for their valuable support in
completion of the project.

Thanks regards,
Parmar Akshay Jaydipsinh
Gandhi Vedkumar Hemantkumar
Parmar Sujal Bharatkumar
Patel Jenil Jigneshbhai
Abstract

The challenge of modern machining industries is mainly focused on The achievement of high quality, in terms
of work piece dimensional Accuracy, lower surface roughness, high production rate, less tool wear On the
cutting tools, economy of machining in terms of cost saving and increase the performance of the product with
reduced environmental Impact.
Shock and vibration often result in fatigue failure of the structure,Which influences the dimensional precision
of Components machined, performance failure of instrument, overall performance drop of structure, and poor
dynamic characteristics of the equipment. Today, the industry aims at smaller tolerances in surface finish.
Therefore vibration isolation is the most important thing in any machine.
Vibration analysis of lathe machine is used to minimize the vibration And optimize the parameters. When
Lathe machines are operated at High speed they generate vibrations and noise. The principal forces, which
drive these vibrations, are time varying nonlinear contact forces, Which exist between the various components
of the bearings:
The goal of vibration control is to reduce the vibration of a mechanical system. It can be reduced by
Traditional vibration control either Adaptive vibration control. Also, the cutting tool vibrations are controlled
in a lathe machine where the tool holder is supported with and without damping Add this is one of the lowest
and easy methods to reduce the vibration of the machine. It also helps to reduce noise.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
List of Abbreviations vii
Table of Contents viii

Chapter : 1 Introduction 6
Chapter : 2 Literature Review and prior art search 7
Chapter : 3 Design Methodology 8
Chapter : 4 Experiment Set-up 16
Chapter : 5 Vibration Analvsis 20
Chapter : 6 Conclusion 21
References 22
Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 Problem Summary
Vibration and noise in metal cutting are ubiquitous problems in the workshop. The turning operation is one
kind of metal cutting that exhibits vibration related Problems. Today the industry aims at smaller tolerances in
surface finish. Harder Regulations in terms of the noise levels in the operator environment are also central.

1.2 Aim And Objectives Of The Project

Our aim is to one step towards a solution to the noise and vibration problems is to invesinvesti What kind of
vibrations that are present in a turning operation. The vibrations In a boring operation have been put under
scrutiny in the first part of this thesis. Analytical models have been compared with experimental results and
the vibration Pattern has been determined.
The main objective of our project is to reduce Unwanted vibration in machine tools like milling, lathe,
grinding machine is one of the main problem as it affects the Quality of the machined parts, tool life and noise
during machining operation and provide maximum productivity and minimize the vibration.

1.3 Problem Specification

When a machine moves, its motion induces vibration in its structure. Due to Vibrations in machines the
accuracy gets affected. The generally accepted methods for vibration control of Industrial equipment include;
Force Reduction, Mass Addition, Tuning, Isolation, and Damping. To Minimize the vibrations of lathe
machine we can adjust the feed and speed rate. To reduce the vibration Level of lathe machine, isolation of
machine is one of the most favourable criteria that can be chosen.

1.4 Plan Of Work

The presented work is part of a project aimed at improving machine tool Performance due to forced and self-
excited vibration. Adaptive algorithms used In digital signal processing (DSP) are implemented in order to
model machine Tool structures and control the vibration. Self-excited machine tool vibration Occurs when the
cutting load exceeds the dynamic stiffness of the machine. The Phenomenon is called chatter and has a direct
impact on the surface finish, tool Life and productivity. To avoid this, an experienced machine tool operator
would try to change the cutting parameters or the clamping of the tool and work-piece.

1.5 Tools Required

1. Vibration pad
2. vibration dampers and absorbers
3. Visco elastic Supports

Chapter 2: Literature Review and prior art search

2.1 Literature review
Hard spots or a crust in the material being machined impart small shocks to the tool and work piece, as Result
of which free vibrations are set up. When machining is done under conditions resulting in Discontinuous chip
removals, the segmentation of chip elements results in a fluctuation of the cutting thrust.
If the frequency of these fluctuations coincides with one of the natural frequencies of the structure, forced
Vibration of appreciable amplitude may be excited. However, in single edge cutting operations, it is not clear
Whether the segmentation of the chip is a primary effect or whether it is produced by other vibration, without.
Which continuous chip flow would be encountered.
The breaking away of a built-up edge from the tool face Also imparts impulses to the cutting tool which
result in vibration. However, marks left by the built-up edgeon the machined surface are far more pronounced
than those caused by the ensuing vibration; it is probably
The challenge of modern machining industries is focused mainly on the achievement of high quality, in terms
of work piece dimensional accuracy, surface finish, high production rate, less wear on the cutting tools,
economy of machining in terms of cost saving and increase the performance of the product with reduced
environmental imimpac Tool wear weakens the cutting tool, increases the forces used in cutting and causes a
lack of consistency in material removal. Machine and machine tool are always subjected to vibration. These
vibrations are mainly causes due to In-homogeneity’s in the work piece material Variation of chip cross
section Disturbances in the work piece or tool drives Dynamic loads generated by acceleration/deceleration of
massive moving components Vibration transmitted from the environment Self-excited vibration generated by
the cutting process or by friction (machine-tool chatwould The tolerable level of relative vibration between
tool and work piece, is determined by the required surface finish and machining accuracy as well as by
detrimental effects of the vibration on tool life.

2.2 prior art search

 Fig. 2.2 : Schematic Representation of Anti vibration system

Chapter : 3 Design Methodology

3.1 AEIOU Canvas
The canvas covers the overall lookout of the observations and notes taken by our team
members.

3.1.1 Introduction
It is a useful tool to help and interpret observations obtained by ethnographic practices in the field. Also, it is
an observation tool with two primary functions such as data coding and developing building blocks of model
that ultimately address the objectives and issues of a client.

3.1.2 Relevance
We know that AEIOU canvas depicts the summary of our project involving the people or objects which are
subjected to use of our End factor. AEIOU canvas is necessary to understand the proposed theories which are
maintained throughout the project.

3.1.3 Description
ACTIVITIES:
The activity canvas states the level of observations and priority given to the activities and processes occurring
specifically in the domain and all the activities related to the domain

ENVIRONMENT:
This canvas aims in giving clear clarification about the initial and ongoing environment in the domain. It gives
information related to the noises, total environment and different factors affecting the industrial environment.

INTERACTION:
In the interaction canvas, it deals with the different types of interactions in domain. The type of interaction
may be between the domain official or may be the worker of the domain. But in such an industrial domain
interaction level plays an important role as it helps in building the workmanship in a specific person.
OBJECT:
Our domain being an tool shop, its obvious that I should include many types of large and small scale
machineries and taking observations and notes of the objects help in developing new and fresh ideas for
fresher projects.

USERS:
Industry and specifically a mass production industry would have many users within them. Many expiree need
workers are also included in them and taking notes of such experiences would help in project planning and
making.
 3.2 Mind Mapping Canvas
3.2.1 Introduction
Mind Map is a diagram for representing tasks, words, concepts, or items linked to and arranged around a
central concept or subject using a non-linear graphical layout that allows the user to build an intuitive
framework around a central concept.

3.2.1 Relevance
Mind maps provide a structured way to capture and organize ideas and information. They help users to
understand concepts by breaking them down into their component parts. The technique is used to develop new
ideas, or to break down and better understand existing information.
Whether developing new ideas or organizing existing information, mind maps help you see how information
fits together. Mind maps provide an expansive and flexible structure to support your thinking.Unlike other
visual diagrams, a mind map is built around a single central topic.
All the information on your map is “anchored” to the same start point. By placing the main idea at the center,
it’s easier for others to understand the core focus of the mind mapMind maps help to simplify any information
on a page because they are composed of keywords (rather than long sentences). Distilling knowledge into
keywords and short triggers creates a structured visual summary that is easier and faster to process.
 3.3 Empathy Mapping Canvas
3.3.1 Introduction
Empathy canvas is powerful tool that helps putting yourself in place of that particular person you might be
looking at as a prospective customer or product user.
Moreover, it permits you to quickly grasp their experience and where they are coming from.

3.3.2 Relevance
Empathy canvas can be considered as very vital component of the documentation process. Empathy means
feelings as someone.
Therefore, it helps us to understand the feelings of the sufferings of various subjected objects by placing us in
place of the subjects.

3 3.3 Description
The empathy canvas aims at providing information about the users, stakeholders and different activities
happening in our domain along with the happy and sad stories being discussed inside the domain.
User:
As the domain suggests, there are many users associated with the domain whether be the owner or the sweeper
all the personals are included under this category.
Stakeholder:
Stakeholders are the persons associated with the usage of the domain apart from the users. They also possess
certain authorities and powers as per the designations provided to them.
Activities:
The activity section has the inclusion of all the activities performed under the domain. As shown in the picture
there is a list of activities performed under the domain.
Storyboarding:
Story Board discusses about the happy and sad incidents occurring inside the domain associated with the
processes, persons and other factors affecting the domain.
 3.4 Ideation Canvas
3.4.1 Introduction
Making of ideation canvas is the innovative process promoting generation, development, and communicating
new ideas and understanding it as a basic element of thought which may be either visual, concrete, or abstract.
Ideation consist of all levels starting right from a thought cycle, from innovation, to development, to actuation.

3.4.2 Relevance
Ideation canvas helps us to relate our lives with the problems faced by our subjects and in modifying them
with the possible and desired modification.

3.4 3 Description
The Ideation canvas helps in providing ideas and serves the purpose as a raw material for the mind in case of
thinking for the prototype, model and working of the model.
In order to execute the plan for a perfect working model it is necessary to assure that we have a strong backup
in case of any ideation failure or materialistic failure.
Ideation canvas helps as a backbone of an innovative plan and helps in avoiding the risk of failure and
eliminating it almost to nullification.
 3.5 Products Development Canvas
3 5.1 Introduction
Product development canvas is a product strategy on one page. Thousands of managers use product
development canvas across hundreds of companies nowadays.
The product development canvas is a strategic planning tool to any problem definition that allows the manager
to map, design, describe and differentiate their product strategy on a single page.

3.5.2 Relevance
Product development canvas contains the parameters like product purpose, product experience, users, product
features and product functions.
These parameters relate to the customer requirement, assembly of the components, product quality analysis
and it also helps in revalidation of mechanism and provides a scope of improvement in design.
Ultimately product development canvas helps in the whole the procedure from identification of problem till
the development of very first design and also allows the implementation of the current product.

3.5.3 Description
Product development canvas is a product strategy on one page. Thousands of managers use product
development canvas across hundreds of companies nowadays.
The product development canvas is a strategic planning tool to any problem definition that allows the manager
to map, design, describe and differentiate their product strategy on a single page.
Product development canvas contains the parameters like product purpose, product experience, users, product
features and product functions.
These parameters relate to the customer requirement, assembly of the components, product quality analysis
and it also helps in revalidation of mechanism and provides a scope of improvement in design.
Ultimately product development canvas helps in the whole the procedure from identification of problem till
the development of very first design and also allows the implementation of the current product.
Chapter : 4 Experiment Set-up
4.1 An Element for Vibration control
4.1.1 Anti Vibration Pad
Anti-Vibration Pads are tools or devices used for vibration isolation of industrial machines. These devices are
used for elastic mounting of machines, generators, pumps, electrical panels, compressors, and engines and
many other such industrial machinery and equipment’s. The Anti-Vibration isolation pads help dampen the
vibrations generated in the machine frame. These Anti-Vibration Pads are suitable for damping vibrations in
machines weighing anywhere from 10 Kgs to 20,000 Kgs. On mounting the machines on these Anti-Vibration
Pads, the vibrational movements are damped by the vibration damper pads. These vibration Pads for machines
are designed to absorb vertical and horizontal vibrations coming from these machines.

Fig. 4.1.1 (A) : Vibration Pad

 Fig. 4.1.1 (B) : vibration pad in Lathe Machine

4.1.2 Anti Vibration pad Sping type

An anti vibration pad of spring type is a special type of padding, designed to absorb and evenly distribute
vibrations to nominal levels. They are perfect for helping to reduce noise levels and structural damage from
vibrating equipment and machinery in a wide range of applications.
 Fig. 4.1.2 (A) : Anti Vibration pad (Spring type)

Fig. 4.1.2 (B) : Spring Type Anti Vibration pad Assembly

4.1.3 Damping Pad

A vibration is the result of the interactions between internal and external forces in industrial and household
applications. It is caused by waves of energy, which means it has a frequency and an amplitude. If vibration
energy isn’t kept in check, it can cause far-reaching damage to the different applications and machinery in
your workshop. To prevent this, you need to use vibration damping materials.
A vibration damper helps you achieve an optimal noise-reduction or noise control level by converting
mechanical energy to thermal energy. This means it acts as a vibration absorber and reduces the amount of
energy transmitted through a device.

4.1.4 Working principle of vibration control material

Vibration damping reduces the level of vibration generated from plant elements and their components during
industrial use. It does this by dissipating vibration energy, leading to a significant reduction in radiated noise.
During this process, a proportion of energy is dispelled within the damping material itself.
Vibration damping materials do not have the same level of resistance. For instance, if you add conventional
damping materials to surfaces, you’d discover they are not durable and have limited performance. On the
other hand, sound damped sheet materials are rugged, hygienic, and have a higher performance.
A common question that comes up here is, “how are vibrations damped in metals and polymers?” Typically,
two techniques work here — unconstrained layer damping and constrained layer damping. Unconstrained
layer damping involves sticking sheets of proprietary high damping material to thin metal panels, causing the
damping to dissipate energy as it bends and stretches. Constrained damping dissipates the vibration energy
across a laminated sound-deadened steel pan. Damping efficiency decreases with panel thickness, particularly
for unconstrained layer damping

.
Fig. 4.1.4: Working principle of vibration control material

4.15: A block diagram for the experimental setup for active vibration control.
Fig. 4.1 5 : A block diagram for the experimental setup for active vibration control.
Chapter : 5 Vibration Analvsis

Fig. 5: low process chart of Vibration Analysis

Chapter: 6 Conclusion
1. Fromlytical Calculations, Graphs, Regression Analysis and taguchi Analysis we can conclude that, By
using Passive Damping machine tool vibration is suppress.Comparisons based on Axial acceleration
tangential Acceleration.and surface roughness shows Silicon damper is best than S-20. Silicon having
good damping capacity Which results into less vibration, less average tool temperature and good
surface finish. Depth of cut is most Influencing parameter for combine axial acceleration, tangential
acceleration, average tool temperature and surface Roughness.

2. A multiple regression model has been developed and validated with experimental resuls

3. Passive damping can provide substantial performance benefits in many kinds of structures and
machines, often Without significant weight or cost penalties. In all aspects of the studies performed, a
significant reduction in tool Vibration during machining was achieved for a CNC machining
operations.
 References

1. .LL Andr’en. L. H’akansson, A. Brandt, I. Clacsson, “ldentification of Dynamic Prop- Erties of Boring Bar
Vibrations in a Continuous Boring Operation”, Journal of Me-Chanical Systems & Signal Processing,
vol,18.No, 4. Pp 869-901, 2004
2. 1L Andr en, L. H’akansson, A. Brandt, L. Claesson, “Identification of Motion of Cut.Ting Tool Vibration
in a Continuous Boring Operation-Correlation to Structural.Properties”, Journal of Mechanical Systems &
Signal Processing, vol. 18, no. 4. Pp 903-927, 2004
3. .S. G. Tewani, T. C. Switzer, B. L. Walcott, K. E. Rouch, “Active Control of Machine Tool Chatter for
Boring Bar: Experimental Results”. DE-Vol. 61, Vibration ControlOf Mechanical Systems, ASME 1993
4. Linus Pettersson. Lars H’akansson, Ingvar Claesson and Sven Olsson, “Active Con Trol of Boring Bar
Vibration in Cutting Operations” Invited paper. International Conference on Sound and Vibration 9, Orlando,
Florida, USA, 8-11 July, 2002
5. Linus Pettersson, Lars H’akansson, Ingvar Claesson and Sven Olsson, “Active Control.Of Internal Tuming
Operations Using a Boring Bar” Accepted paper, 9th Interna.Tional Conference on Mechatronics and Machine
Vision in Practive, Chiang Mai,Thailand, 10-12 September, 2002L61 Linus Pettersson,
6. Lars H’akansson, Ingvar Claesson and Sven Olsson, “Active Con Trol of Boring Bar Vibration in Cutting
Operations”, Invited paper InternationalConference on Sound and Vibration 9, Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-I1
July, 2002
7. J. Redmond, P. Barmecy. D. Smith. “Development of an active boring bar for increased Chatter immunity”
SPIE Vol. 3044 I81D. R.Browning. I. Golioto, N. B. Thompson, “Active chatter control system for Long-
overhang boring bars” SPIE Vol3044
9. Klein R G Nachtigal CL “The Application of Active Control to Improve BoringBar Performance”, Journal
of Dynamic Systems, Measurements and Control Trans.ASME, Vol. 97. P.179, 1975
10. Pettersson Vibration analysis of a boring bar. Research Report: Blekinge Institute of Technology. Sweden
(2002)
11. HTakeyama. N.. ijma, N. Nishiwaki. K. Komoto Improvement of dynamic rigidity
Of tool holder by applving high-damping material. CIRP Annals. 33, L, 249-252 (1984).