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26 October 2022
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The Fe-C Phase Diagram
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Just to refresh: What is pearlite?
Eutectoid reaction :
0.76wt.%C0.022wt.%CFe3C6.7wt.%C
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What information do Phase Diagrams lack?
• Eutectoid reaction
Austenite (0.8%C) → Ferrite (0.02%C)+
Cementite (6.67%C)
• Crystal Structures
Austenite: FCC
Ferrite: BCC
Cementite: Orthorhombic.
• Diffusion (kinetics) clearly involved!
• How fast does this happen?
• Phase Diagrams – Based on
Thermodynamics alone.
• TTT Diagrams – tell us information about
kinetics.
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A “real” TTT Diagram for a 0.8 wt.% C steel
Austenite
Pearlite
Bainite
Martensite
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And why is the time factor important?
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What is heat treatment?
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TTT diagram for 0.8%C steel: Different cooling rates
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The difference between cooling curves (1) and (2)
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Refined pearlite at lower temperatures (faster cooling)
Increasing cooling rate →
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Next Heat Treatment: How to obtain
Martensite
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The quenching treatment
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What is martensite?
• Martensite is an interstitial solid solution of C in Fe.
c/a ratio > 1
BCT Martensite
FCC Austenite
a
a
C atoms
Fe atoms 13
Formation of martensite plates from austenite
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5lVjYssko
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Video of Industrial Oil Quenching
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QOjMuI7V90
Why is heat treatment important?
A striking example: Ball bearing seizure
1%C 1.5%Cr Steel (AISI 52100)
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/industrial-ball-bearing-18929964312.html
http://wikiscootia.wikidot.com/images:seized-bearing
Let’s first define hardness/softness
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Typical hardness of various microstructures in a 0.8% C steel
Hardness Microstructure
(HV)
900 Martensite
550 Bainite
400 Fine Pearlite
250 Coarse Pearlite
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Summary
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