Lecture 28

Mechanical Behaviour of Materials

28 October 2022

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Importance of mechanical properties

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Types of mechanical loading

• Tension
• Compression
• Shear
• Bending
• Torsion

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The tensile test

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What data are obtained from a tensile test?

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 𝑨𝒐 𝑨
Or reduction in area =
𝑨𝒐

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Materials Parameters
Strength or Ability to resist plastic
deformation: Yield strength and the
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS).
Ductility or Ability to undergo
plastic deformation: Elongation and
reduction in cross-sectional area.
Stiffness: Ability to resist elastic
deformation, characterised by
Young’s modulus, which is the slope
of the linear elastic portion of the
stress-strain curve.

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Toughness: Energy
absorbed in fracture
of a material. Total
area under the
stress-strain curve
(J/m ).
3

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Resilience: Ability of a material
to store elastic energy and to
give it back upon unloading.
Area under the elastic portion of
the stress-strain curve (J/m3).

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10
 The mechanism of plastic deformation: Slip!
Plastic deformation usually does NOT change the crystal structure.
Instead, deformation occurs by slip of one part of a crystal relative to another.

A B B
A

a a

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Slip markings are often seen on specimen surfaces

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