Name : Grade : 6 Roll No : 2022-23

Subject : Science Date : Teacher’s sign

Force and Motion

Forces are broadly classified into contact and non-contact forces.

Contact force: Occurs when two or more objects or materials exerting force on one another touch each other.
Types of contact forces are:
- Impulse force
- Strain force
Impact force: Caused when two or more objects collide with each other. Specifically, when one moving object
collides with a stationary object, the impact force is exerted by one object on the other. A moving car hitting a tree
will cause an impact force. A feather hitting the ground will cause a comparatively smaller impact force. Friction
between moving tires and the stationary road is also an impact force.
Strain force: When the materials having some elastic property are squashed, stretched, twisted or bent, they exert a
force that acts in the opposite direction to the force acting on them and tries to restore the original shape and size of
the material. This force that opposes deformation is called strain force. Tension is a restoring force exerted by the
compressed spring, stretched rope or string. Thus, the tension in the elastic materials is also a strain force.

Non-Contact Force: The

forces that can be
exerted without even
having to touch the
objects or materials are
called Non-contact
forces.
Types of non-contact
forces are:
- Magnetic force
- Gravitational
force
- Electrostatic
force
Magnetic Force: The
materials exhibiting
magnetic property do
have a north pole and a
south pole as a physical
location on their body
depending upon the
arrangement of magnetic domains within the object itself. As two different magnetic objects are brought closer, they
exert a push or a pull on each other. This is called magnetic force. When two similar magnetic poles are brought
closer, they exert a push on each other which is known as repulsion. This is evident when two north poles or two
south poles are brought closer to each other. When two opposite magnetic poles are brought closer to each other,
they attract each other and this pull is called magnetic attraction. The magnet pulls things made up of iron, steel,
cobalt or nickel.
Gravitational Force: The weight of a substance is the gravitational force acting on any object. Any two bodies in the
universe exert a pull force towards each other which is known as gravitational force. The gravitational force between
giant bodies like the sun and the earth is large. But gravitational force also exists between the pebble and the earth.
The gravitational force also exists between a leaf and an ant, but due to their low mass, this gravitational force is very
small. The moon revolves in an orbit around the earth and does not move away from the orbit due to the existence
of a gravitational pull force between the earth and the moon.

Electrostatic Force: All the materials out in the universe are made up of atoms that have electrons, protons and
neutrons. Protons have positive electrical charge whereas electrons have negative electrical charges. Opposite
electrical charges attract each other whereas similar electrical charges repel each other. The materials having more
electrons compared to protons are electrically negative. The materials having more protons compared to electrons
are electrically positive. When two negatively charged objects or two positively charged objects are brought closer,
they repel each other. When two oppositely charged objects are brought closer to each other, they attract each
other.

Answer the following questions on a foolscap. Make sure that you number the questions carefully.
1. What will be the difference in friction a car will experience while running on a smooth surface compared to a
rough surface?
2. Aarya is pulling a box with a force of 50 N. At the same time, Bhavya is pushing that box with a force of 50 N
in the opposite direction. What will happen to the box and why?
3. What exerts a force of gravity?
4. What does mass mean?
5. Would an astronaut have the same mass on the Moon and Earth?
6. What happens to the gravitational pull of a planet as an object moves further and further away from it?
7. What happens to the weight and mass of an astronaut once he moves out of the gravitational field of a
planet?