Advanced Power AP431A

Electronics Corp.

ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT

Features
• Precision reference voltage
AP431A : 2.495V ± 0.5%
• Sink current capability: 200mA
• Minimum cathode current for regulation: 300μA
o
• Equivalent full-range temp coefficient: 30 ppm/ C
• Fast turn-on response
• Low dynamic output impedance: 0.2Ω
• Programmable output voltage to 36V
• Low output noise.
• Packages: TO-92,SOT-23, SOT-25 and SOP-8
SOT-89
• RoHS Compliant & Halogen Free Product
REGULATOR

Description
The AP431A are 3-terminal adjustable precision
shunt regulators with guaranteed temperature
stability over the applicable extended commercial
temperature range. The output voltage may be set at
any level greater than 2.495V(VREF) up to 36V merely
by selecting two external resistors that act as a
voltage divider network. These devices have a
typical output impedance of 0.2Ω. Active output
circuitry provides very sharp turn-on characteristics,
making these devices excellent improved
replacements for Zener diodes in many applications.
The precise (+/-) 1% Reference voltage tolerance of
the AP431A make it possible in many applications to
avoid the use of a variable resistor, consequently
saving cost and eliminating drift and reliability
problems associated with it.

Ordering Information
A P 4 3 1 A X - X

Package Reference Voltage

T : TO-92 Tolerance :
N/NR : SOT-23 A : +/- 0.5%
Y : SOT-25 B : +/- 1%
M : SOP-8
G: SOT-89

Typical Application Circuit

VIN VOUT

+ +
R1
Cin Cout
AP431A
AP431

R2

VOUT = (1+R1/R2)VREF
Precision Regulator

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 Advanced Power
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Block Diagram
Symbol

REF (R) Cathode (C)

+

Cathode (C)
VREF REF (R)

Anode (A)
Anode (A)

Pin Configuration

Order Number Pin Configuration ( Top View ) Order Number Pin Configuration ( Top View )

3 Cathode 2 Cathode
Cathode
AP431AT AP431AN Anode
2 Anode 3
( TO-92 ) ( SOT-23 )
1 REF 1 REF
Rthja=160oC/W Rthja=500oC/W
Rthjl=60oC/W Rthjc=180oC/W

Cathode REF NC 1
1 8 5 Anode
AP431AM Anode Anode
AP431AY
2 7
( SO-8 ) ( SOT-23-5L ) NC 1
2
Anode Anode
3 6 4 REF
Cathode 3
NC
Rthja=208oC/W 4 5 NC o
Rthja=500 C/W
Rthjc=50oC/W Rthjc=180oC/W

3 Cathode REF 1
5 NC
AP431AG AP431AY5
2 Anode
( SOT-89 ) ( SOT-23-5L )
Anode 12
1 4 NC
REF Cathode 3
Rthja=250oC/W 2 Rthja=500oC/W
o
Rthjc=110 C/W Rthjc=180oC/W

2 REF
AP431ANR Anode 3
( SOT-23 )
1 Cathode
Rthja=500oC/W
Rthjc=180oC/W

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Absolute Maximum Ratings
Cathode Voltage ………………………………......….........................…...……………………………...……….36V
Continuous Cathode Current ………………………….…….............…................…………….... -10mA ~ 250mA
Reference Input Current Range ……………..………..............…….................................………….…....... 10mA
o o
Operating Temperature Range ………….…………..…….…….....………………...........………......-40 C ~ 85 C
o
Lead Temperature………………………….………….…….…………....…………………….........…............ 260 C
o o
Storage Temperature ……………………………......…....….............………………..……...…....... -65 C ~ 150 C
Power Dissipation (Notes 1. 2) TO-92 Package ….…………..………………………....………….....… 0.78W
SOT-23 Package .…...…………..…………….......…………………… 0.25W
SOT-25 Package……………………...…………….………….………..0.25W
SOP-8 Package……………….………………………………………… 0.6W
o
Note 1: TJ, max =150 C SOP-89 Package............................................................................... 0.5W
o
Note 2: Ratings apply to ambient temperature at 25 C

Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25oC , unless otherwise specified.)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT

VKA = VREF, -B 2.470 2.495 2.520
Reference voltage VREF V
I KA = 10mA (Fig.1) -A 2.482 2.507
Deviation of Reference input voltage VKA = VREF, IKA = 10mA,
VREF 8.0 20 mV
over temperature (Note 3) Ta = Full range (Fig.1)
Ratio of the change in Reference VKA = 10V
∆VREF -1.4 -2.0 mV/V
voltage to the change in Cathode IKA = 10mA (Fig.2) ~VREF
voltage VKA= 36V ~10V ∆VKA -1 -2 mV/V
R1 = 10KΩ,R2 = ∞ IKA= 10mA
Reference input current IREF 1.4 3.5 µA
(Fig.2)
Deviation of Reference input current R1 = 10KΩ,R2 = ∞ IKA = 10mA
αIREF 0.4 1.2 µA
over temperature Ta = Full range (Fig.2)
Minimum Cathode current for
VKA = VREF (Fig.1) IKA(MIN) 0.19 0.5 mA
regulation
Off-state current VKA = 36V, VREF = 0V (Fig.3) IKA(OFF) 0.1 1.0 µA
V KA = VREF
Dynamic output impedance (Note 4) Z KA 0.2 0.5 Ω
Frequency ≤ 1KHz (Fig.1)

VMAX

VDEV = VMAX - VMIN

VMIN

TI T2
TEMPERATURE

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Note 3. Deviation of reference input voltage, VDEV, is defined as the maximum variation of the reference over
the full temperature range.
The average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVREF is defined as:
VDEV
( ) ⋅ 10 6
VREF (25°C)
α VREF = ……………………..……………….. ( ppm )
T2 − T1 °C
Where:
T2 – T1 = full temperature change.
αVREF can be positive or negative depending on whether the slope is positive or negative.
Note 4. The dynamic output impedance, RZ, is defined as:
∆ VKA
Z KA =
∆ IKA
When the device is programmed with two external resistors R1 and R2 (see Figure 2.), the dynamic output
impedance of the overall circuit, is defined as:
' ∆v R1
Z KA = ≈ Z KA (1 + )
∆i R2

Test Circuits

Input IN IN

VKA IKA
VKA
IKA VKA
R1
IREF

VREF IZ(OFF)
R2 VREF

Note:VKA=VREF(1+R1/R2)+IREF× R1

Fig1. Test Circuit for V KA= VREF Fig2. Test circuit for V KA＞VREF Fig3. Test Circuit for off-state Current

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Typical Performance Characteristics

Cathode current Vs Cathode Voltage Cathode current (uA) Vs Cathode Voltage

100
600
VKA=Vref VKA=Vref
Ta=25oC Ta=25oC
Cathode current(mA)

400

Cathode current(uA)
0
200

-100 -200
-1.5 -0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Cathode Voltage(v) Cathode Voltage(v)

Reference Voltage Vs Free-Air Temperature Reference input current Vs free Temperature

2
Reference input current (uA)

2500
Reference Voltage(mV)

R1=10K
1.8
IKA=10mA
2495
1.6
2490
1.4

2485
1.2

2480 1
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Free-Air Tempeture (oC) Free-Air Temperature(oC)

Change in Reference Voltage vs Cathode Voltage

0
Change in Reference Voltage (mv)

-2

-4 IKA=10mA
Ta=25oC
-6

-8

-10

-12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cathode Voltage (V)

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Typical Performance Characteristics(Continued)
SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs. FREQUENCY
60
AV-Small Signal Voltage Amplification (dB)

IKA=10mA Output
TA=25oC
50 IKA
15KΩ 232Ω

40 9µF
+
-

+
30 -
8.25KΩ

20 GND

10 TEST CIRCUIT FOR VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION

0
1K 10K 100K 1M 10M
f-Frequency-Hz

REFERENCE IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY

100
∣ZKA∣—Reference Impedance —Ω

IKA=10mA
TA=25oC 1KΩ
Output

10 I KA
50Ω
-

+
GND
1

TEST CIRCUIT FOR REFERENCE IMPEDANCE

0.1
1K 10K 100K 1M 10M

f-Frequency-Hz

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PULSE RESPONSE
6

TA=25oC
Input
5 220Ω
Output
Input and Output Voltage-V

4
Pulse
Generator 50Ω
f=100kHz
3
Output
GND
2

TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE

1

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t-Time-µ S

STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS † 150Ω

100
A VKA=Vref TA=25 oC
90 B VKA=5V I KA
+
C VKA=10V VBATT
80 CL
D VKA=15V B -
Stable
70
IKA-Cathode Current-mA

60
Stable C
50 A TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE A

40

30
D I KA
20 R1=10KΩ 150Ω

10 CL
+
0 R2 VBATT
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 -
C L-Load Capacitance-µF

The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE B, C, AND D
device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ were adjusted
to establish the initial V KA and I KA conditions with C L =0.V BATT and
CL were then adjusted to determine the ranges of stability.

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Application Examples

VIN
VIN
RCL IOUT
R VIN
R1B
R1A

ON +
R2A R2B OFF

V IN
Delay = RC x ln( ) IOUT = VREF / RCL
LED on when Low Limit＜VIN＜High Limit VIN -VREF
Low Limit ≈ VREF (1+R1B/R2B)
High Limit ≈ VREF (1+R1A/R2A)

Fig.4 Voltage Monitor Fig.5 Delay Timer Fig.6 Current Limiter or Current Source

VIN IOUT
VIN VOUT VIN VOUT
PUSE

R1
R1

R2
RS R2

VOUT = (1 + R1/R2) x VREF LIMIT (1 + R1/R2) x VREF

IOUT = VREF / RS

Fig.7 Constant-Current Sink Fig.8 Higher-Current Shunt Regulator Fig.9 Crow Bar

VIN

R1A R1B

Output ON when
+ Low Limint < VIN< High Limit

R2A R2B VBE

Low Limit VREF (1 + R1B/R2B) +VBE

High Limit VREF(1 + R1A/R2A)

Fig.10 Over-Voltage / Under-Voltage Protection Circuit

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MARKING INFORMATION
SO-8

Part Number
Package Code

431AM
YWWSSS Date Code (YWWSSS)
Y：Last Digit Of The Year
WW：Week
SSS：Sequence

SOT-23-5L

Part Number :
AP431AY : R6
AP431AY5 : R65
R6&XX
ID Code : Internal

SOT-23

Part Number :
AP431AN : R6
AP431ANR : R6R
R6&XX
ID Code : Internal

SOT-89

Part Number

431A
YWWS Date Code (YWWS)
Y:Year
WW：Week
S：Sequence

9
 Advanced Power
Electronics Corp. AP431A
MARKING INFORMATION
TO-92
Part Number

431A

YWWS Date Code (YWWS)

Y:Year
WW：Week
S：Sequence

10
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