Expected Environment and Climate Change Questions Mcqs for Ssc Railway and Upsc Exams

Expected Environment and Climate Change Questions
(MCQs) For SSC, Railway and UPSC Exams
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ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
1) Which of the following is released into the 4) The Climate of which of the following national
environment as e-waste because of improper park varies from tropical to sub-tropical, temperate
disposal of old parts of the computer? and arctic?
a) Plutonium a) Mrugavani National Park
b) Beryllium b) Namdapha National Park
c) Cadmium c) Mouling National Park
d) Both b and c d) Kaziranga National Park
2) Which of the following two can be found as 5) Which of the following major pollutants are
pollutants in drinking water in some parts of India? released by the steel industry in India?
a) Arsenic and Fluoride a) Oxides of Nitrogen
b) Arsenic and Uranium b) Oxides of Carbon
c) Uranium and Formaldehyde c) Oxides of Sulphur
d) Fluoride and Uranium d) All of the above
3) Which of the following protocol is designed to 6) Which of the following phenomenon adds
protect the ozone layer by phasing out substances carbondioxide to the carbon cycle on the Earth?
responsible for ozone-depletion?
a) Respiration
a) Nagoya Protocol
b) Photosynthesis
b) Bretton Woods Conference
c) Volcanic eruption
c) Kyoto Protocol
d) Both a and c
d) Montreal Protocol
7) Which of the following gas is responsible for the
depletion of the ozone layer?
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a) Methane d) Damage to the digestive system
b) Chlorofluorocarbon 11) Acid-Rain is mainly caused due to the emission

of which of the following two gases?
c) Nitrous Oxide
a) Sulphurdioxide and Nitrogen oxide
d) Carbondioxide
b) Methane and Sulphurdioxide
8) Which of the following is not a consequence of
the Global Warming? c) Methane and Nitrous oxide
a) Increased Agricultural Productivity d) Oxygen and Nitrous oxide
b) Higher Wildlife extinction rates 12) Which of the following is the human source of
methane emission which is one of the six greenhouse
c) More Acidic oceans gases in the Kyoto Protocol?
d) More Frequent and severe weather a) Fossil fuel production
9) Which of the following is the most serious b) Biomass Burning
environmental effect posed by the hazardous
wastes? c) Wetlands
a) Increased Frequency and intensity of the storms d) Both a and b
b) Rising sea level 13) Which of the three R’s are environment friendly
and should be employed to preserve the
c) Air Pollution environment?
d) Destruction of the Habitat a) Random, Reduce, Recall
10) Which of the following is a prime health risks b) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
associated with greater UV radiation through the
atmosphere due to depletion of stratospheric ozone? c) Reduce, Rebuilt, Recycle
a) Behaviour abnormalities d) Rebuilt, Reduce, Reuse
b) Skin cancer 14) Which of the following fuel is known to cause

minimum pollution in the environment?
c) Genetic mutations
a) Hydrogen
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b) Diesel 18) Montreal Protocol, an international
environmental agreement with universal
c) Kerosene ratification to protect the earth’s ozone layer by
d) Coal eliminating use of ozone was finalized in which
year?
15) Kyoto Protocol, international treaty extended
by UNFCCC in the year 1992 is associated with? a) 1987
a) Reducing the onset of Global Warming b) 1985
b) International Trade c) 1988
c) Protection of the Biodiversity d) 1990
d) Deep sea oil and mineral exploration 19) Which of the following chemical is present in
chlorofluorocarbons that damages the earth’s ozone
16) Ozone layer absorbs which of the following rays layer?
which are very harmful for the living organisms?
a) Chlorine
a) X-Rays
b) Fluorine
b) Gamma Rays
c) Sulphuric acid
c) Infrared Rays
d) Both a and b
d) Ultraviolet Rays
20) What is the term used for the most serious
17) What is the term used for the gas molecules that group of chemicals emitted in British Columbia that
absorb thermal infrared radiation and are present causes depletion of ozone layer?
in large quantity to change climate system?
a) Halogens
a) Ozone gases
b) Noble gases
b) Beta Radiations
c) Helium
c) Greenhouse gases
d) Halons
d) Alpha Radiations
21) Which of the following organism is a common
indicator of the water-pollution?
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a) Escherichia coli b) Biodegradation
b) Entamoeba histolytica c) Bioremediation
c) Streptococcus pyogenes d) Biomagnification
d) Eichhornia crassipes 25) Which of the following is the major aerosol

pollutant present in the emission of the jet plane?
22) According to Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB), which particulate size in diameter (in a) Carbon Tetrachloride
micrometres) of the air pollutants is responsible for
greatest harm to human health? b) Carbon Monoxide
a) 2.0 or less c) Sulphurdioxide
b) 2.5 or less d) Chlorofluorocarbon.
c) 1.5 or less 26) The atmospheric pollution in the big

metropolitan cities is mainly caused by…………….?
d) 3.5 or less
a) Household wastes
23) Carbonmonoxide emitted by the automobiles
prevents the transport of oxygen to the body tissues b) Pesticides residue
by……….? c) Automobile exhausts
a) Destroying the haemoglobin d) Radioactive fallout
b) Forming stable compound with haemoglobin 27) Which of the following processes or steps is not
c) Changing oxygen to carbondioxide involved in the water-cycle operating in nature?
d) Obstructing the reaction of oxygen with a) Evaporation

haemoglobin b) Sublimation
24) What is the term used for the increasing c) Condensation
concentration of a substance, such as a toxic
chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively d) Photosynthesis
higher levels in a food chain?
a) Eutrophication
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28) Which of the following statement against DDT is 31) What is the term used for the state where the
incorrect which is found to be effective against body of the water acquires high concentration of
resistant mosquitoes? nutrients especially nitrates and phosphates?
a) It is colourless, tasteless and odourless chemical a) Biomagnification

compound
b) Eutrophication
b) Originally developed as an insecticide
c) Nitrification
c) It is an antiseptic agent
d) Ammonification
d) It is hydrophobic and insoluble in water
32) Which of the following are the main sources of
29) Which of the following can be indicated by the non-exhaust vehicular pollution?
study of The Energy and Resource Institute
regarding the high levels of ozone in Delhi? a) Resuspension of Road dust
a) Pollutants like Carbon monoxide and Carbondioxide b) Brake wear

react with hydrocarbons to produce ozone c) Road Surface wear
b) Pollutants like Nitrogen oxide react with d) All of the above
hydrocarbons to produce ozone
33) Itai-Itai disease in Japan occurred due to the
c) Conversion of Oxygen into Ozone poisoning of……………….?
d) Depletion of the Ozone layer a) Lead
30) What is the term used for the organic b) Mercury
compounds that are resistant to the environmental
degradation and have been banned? c) Cadmium
a) Pre-Organic Pollutants d) Arsenic
b) Primary Organic Pollutants 34) The use of either naturally occurring or

deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume
c) Persistent Organic Pollutants and break down environmental pollutants, in order
d) Plastic Organic Pollutants to clean up a polluted site is called…………?
a) Remediation
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b) Eutrophication 38) The coldest part of our atmosphere is located in
which of the following layer?
c) Bioremediation
a) Thermosphere
d) Biomagnification
b) Mesosphere
35) Lichens are considered important in the study
of atmospheric pollution because of which of the c) Exosphere
following reason?
d) Stratosphere
a) They readily multiply in the polluted atmosphere
39) Which of the following is not a consequence of
b) They are sensitive to air pollutants the ozone layer depletion?
c) They efficiently purify the atmosphere a) Occurrence of Cortical cataracts
d) Both b and c b) Occurrence of skin-cancer
36) Bhopal gas Tragedy was caused by the leakage c) Decrease in the fertility of the crops
of which of the following gas?
d) Decrease in Ultraviolet radiations
a) Helium
40) What is the term used for the removal of trees
b) Isobutylene from forests into farms, renches or for the urban
use?
c) Methyl Isocyanate
a) Afforestation
d) Nitrogen Trifluoride
b) Deforestation
37) The gradual reduction in the amount of global
direct irradiance at the Earth's surface that was c) Desertification
observed in the early 1950s is called……………….?
d) Reforestation
a) Global Warming
41) Which of the following factor varies with the
b) Global Cooling variation in the temperature?
c) Global Temperature a) Cloud Formation
d) Global Dimming b) Precipitation
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c) Humidity a) Unfavourable impact on water biodiversity
d) All of the above b) Depleted level of oxygen in natural water
42) The effectiveness of the greenhouse gases c) Contamination of water

depends upon which of the following factor?
d) All of the above
a) Wavelength of the radiation absorbed
46) Rice Paddy field is an important source of
b) Magnitude of its concentration which of the following greenhouse gases?
c) Lifetime in atmosphere a) Methane
d) All of the above b) Oxygen
43) Which of the following causes harmful algal c) Nitrous oxides

blooms which is a major environmental problem?
d) Both a and c
a) Nutrients Runoff
47) Which of the following factor is not responsible
b) High Temperature for causing Desertification?
c) Both a and b a) Stripping the land of resources
d) Neither a nor b b) Practicing Afforestation
44) Which of the following are the chief causes of c) Overgrazing

the Thermal Pollution?
d) Mining activities
a) Growing Industrial activities
48) Which of the following is also referred as the
b) Chemical pollutants discharged into water Tropical rainforests of the oceans?
c) Water used as a coolant and ejected back into the a) Algal Blooms
water bodies
b) Mangroves
d) All of the above
c) Coral Reefs
45) Which of the following are the major effects of
the Thermal Pollution? d) Kelps
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49) What is the term used for the amount of b) Increasing oceanic temperature
dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological
organisms to break down organic material present c) Severe weather
in a given water sample at certain temperature? d) All of the above
a) Biotic Potential 53) Which of the following statement is not true
b) Biomagnification regarding Particulate matter?
c) Eutrophication a) They are only liquid droplets suspended in the

atmosphere
d) Biological oxygen demand
b) They have severe impact on climate and
50) …………………occurs when a body of water precipitation
experiences a change in its acidity on a gradual level
over the course of a year? c) Sources are natural or anthropogenic
a) Acid Rain d) Diameter is 2.5 micrometres or less
b) Biomagnification 54) Which of the following pollutants are not

emitted directly from the source like vehicles or
c) Acid Shock power-plants?
d) Eutrophication a) Primary Pollutants
51) What is the probable effect of heavy dust in the b) Non-point source pollutants
atmosphere on the plants?
c) Point source pollutants
a) Opening of stomata
d) Secondary pollutants
b) Closure of stomata
55) Which of the following pollutant is not
c) Browning of leaves considered as primary in nature?
d) Leaf Blights a) Ammonia
52) Which of the following are the possible b) Carbon monoxide

consequences of the Global Warming?
c) Volatile organic matter
a) Rising Sea levels
d) Ozone
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56) The process by which the carbon sinks remove c) Toxic gases and air pollution
carbondioxide from the atmosphere is known
as…………...? d) Mining
a) Carbon Reduction 60) Which of the following process does not adds
carbondioxide into the atmosphere?
b) Carbon Accumulation
a) Respiration
c) Carbon Sequestration
b) Photosynthesis
d) Photosynthesis
c) Volcanic action
57) Emissions from the supersonic jets is a major
threat to which of the following layer? d) Dead and Decaying organic matter
a) Nitrogen layer 61) Which of the following are the health effects of
the Photochemical smog?
b) Oxygen layer
a) Premature deaths due to cancer and respiratory
c) Ozone layer disease
d) None of the above b) Risk of certain birth defects
58) Which of the following helps in reducing the c) Low Birth weight
pollution caused by the industrial effluents?
d) All of the above
a) Elephant grass
62) The absorption or checking of re-radiating heat
b) Blue-green algae by the atmosphere with Co2, Methane, Ozone and
dust is known as?
c) Parthenium
a) Greenhouse effect
d) Water Hyacinth
b) Global warming
59) Which of the following is not the probable cause
of Biomagnification? c) Radioactive effect
a) Algal Blooms d) Global dimming
b) Organic Contaminants 63) Oil Zapper developed to clean oil-spills using a

bacteria was developed by…………….?
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a) IPCC d) Secondary Pollutants
b) TERI 67) The Ramsar Convention is an international

treaty for the conservation and the sustainable use
c) WWF of…………?
d) NRDC a) Forests
64) Which of the following gas is released by b) Grasslands
ruminants, biomass burning, termites, landfills and
coal mining? c) Oceans
a) Ethane d) Wetlands
b) Methane 68) Which of the following is the reason behind the

rising sea-level due to Global-Warming?
c) Methyl Isocyanate
a) Expansion of oceans
d) Chlorine
b) Melting of glaciers at higher altitudes
65) Which of the following gas has important role in
maintaining the atmospheric temperature? c) Ice sheets losing ice faster
a) Nitrogen Monoxide d) All of the above
b) Sulphur dioxide 69) Which of the following is/are regarded as the

environmental movements?
c) Methane
a) Silent Valley Movement
d) Carbondioxide
b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
66) Stockholm Convention aims to protect human
health and organic environment from which of the c) Chipko Movement
following pollutants?
d) Both b and c
a) Point source pollutants
70) Which of the following major gas is released
b) Persistent Organic pollutants through the coal-mining activities that has a severe
impact on the environment?
c) Primary Pollutants
a) Carbondioxide
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b) Methyl Isocyanate 74) El Nino, abnormal weather pattern is caused by
the warming of which of the following ocean?
c) Methane
a) Arctic Ocean
d) Both a and c
b) Antarctic Ocean
71) Which of the following is the anthropogenic
sources responsible for releasing pollutants into the c) Pacific Ocean
atmosphere?
d) Indian Ocean
a) Controlled burning practices in agriculture and
forest management 75) Rise in water level in the oceans and the melted
ice-sheets and glaciers causes…………………?
b) Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires
a) Endangering of species
c) Volcanic activities
b) Desertification
d) Dust from the natural sources
c) Destruction of human settlements
72) Which of the following allotropes of oxygen are
involved in the Ozone-Oxygen cycle? d) Destruction of infrastructure
a) Atomic Oxygen 76) In the stratosphere, why does temperature

increase with increasing height?
b) Diatomic Oxygen
a) The pressure and density rapidly decrease as you go
c) Triatomic Oxygen up through the stratosphere, thus the ideal gas law
requires temperature to increase too.
d) All of the above
b) Greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation at the top
73) In which of the following zone the recent ozone of the stratosphere.
levels have dropped to as low as 33 percent of their
pre 1975 values? c) Conduction
a) Arctic zone d) Convection
b) Antarctic zone 77) What will be the effect on the planet if the earth
had no greenhouse gases?
c) Torrid zone
a) It would be too cooler to support life
d) Temperate zone
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b) It would be too hot to support life c) To protect biodiversity and end the deforestation of
the world’s rainforests
c) It would be cooler but can support life
d) To limit sea level rise to 3 feet above current levels
d) Depends upon the effect of the greenhouse gases
present 81) What percentage of the global greenhouse gas
emissions is emitted by the transportation sector?
78) Which of the following place experiences the
greatest seasonal variability in temperature? a) 33%
a) Costa Rica, Central America b) 50%
b) Central Canada c) 14%
c) New-Delhi, India c) 25%
d) Mumbai, India 82) Which of the following economic sectors emits

the largest percentage of greenhouse gas emissions
79) Which of the following are consequences globally?
associated with climate change?
a) Industries
a) Surface temperatures are setting new heat records
about each year b) Electricity and Heat Production
b) Global sea levels are rising at an alarmingly fast rate c) Transportation
c) The ice sheets are declining, glaciers are in retreat d) Buildings

globally, and our oceans are more acidic than ever
83) The order of the atmospheric layers, starting
d) All of the above from closest to the surface to the top of the
atmosphere is………….?
80) What was agreed to in the “Paris Agreement”
that came out of COP-21, held in Paris in 2015? a) Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere,
Thermosphere
a) To pursue a goal of 100% clean, renewable energy
b) Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere,
b) To keep global temperature, rise well below 2℃ pre- Stratosphere
industrial levels and to pursue a path to limit warming
to 1.5℃ c) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,
Thermosphere
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d) Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere, 87) Which of the following rainforest is referred as
Stratosphere the ‘Lungs of our planet’?
84) What is the effect of the high clouds on the a) African Rainforest
surface temperature of the earth?
b) Amazon Rainforest
a) High clouds cool the surface by increasing the
energy emitted to space c) Asian Rainforest
b) High clouds warm the surface by increasing the d) American Rainforest

greenhouse effect 88) Which of the following leading organization
c) It depends on whether they are comprised of ice or uses peaceful and creative activism to protect the
liquid water global environment?
d) Both a and b a) Earth Charter Initiative
85) Which of the following country is the highest b) World Wildlife fund
per capita emitter of carbondioxide in the world? c) Green Peace
a) Australia d) Friends of the Earth International
b) China 89) Which of the following danger regarding the
c) Qatar rainforests needs to be addressed immediately?
d) India a) Deforestation
86) Which of the following is the useful biological b) Afforestation

indicator of the pollution caused due to c) Pollution
sulphurdioxide?
d) Insufficient rainfall
a) Lichens
90) Which of the following regions has the highest
b) Algal Blooms glaciers in the world?
c) Water Hyacinth a) Antarctica
d) Pseudomonas b) Greenland
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c) Siberia a) Alters the metabolic processes of the aquatic species
d) Pacific Northwest b) Leads to Eutrophication
91) What is the baseline year against which the c) Contamination of drinking water
reductions of the greenhouse gas emissions are
measured as per the Kyoto Protocol? d) All of the above
a) 1990 95) Which of the following statement is not true

regarding Volatile Organic Compounds?
b) 1994
a) They have low vapour pressure at ordinary
c) 2000 temperature
d)1999 b) They are dangerous to the human health
92) Which of the following layer is approximately c) They cause harm to the environment
480 km thick and contains the ionosphere?
d) They include both man-made and naturally
a) Troposphere occurring chemical compounds
b) Thermosphere 96) Which of the following method is used for the

treatment of water pollution?
c) Stratosphere
a) Venturi Scrubber
d) Mesosphere
b) Reverse Osmosis
93) Global Environment Outlook is a series of
reports on environment issued by which of the c) Bag House Filter
following agencies?
d) Composting
a) UNEP
97) Which of the following source produces high
b) UNDP amount of solid waste?
c) FAO a) Nuclear Power plants
d) WMO b) Manufacturing
94) Which of the following are the environmental c) Agriculture

effects of the Surface-Runoff?
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d) Packaging Industry b) Loss of species of plants and animals
98) Spraying of DDT on the crops causes which of c) Disappearance of proper cures for life threatening
the following pollution? diseases
a) Soil and water d) All of the above
b) Soil and air 100) Iron and manganese present as pollutants in

water cannot be removed by which of the following
c) Air and water process?
d) Air and crops a) Chlorination
99) Which of the following are the consequences of b) Ion Exchange process
destroying the rainforests?
c) Oxidation followed by settling and filtration
a) Loss of species of microorganisms
d) Lime soda process or manganese zeolite process
ANSWERS
1) Answer: d) 3) Answer: d)
Harmful Effects Caused by Improper Computer & The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Electronic Waste affects nearly every system in the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to
human body because they contain a plethora of toxic protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production
components including Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone
Beryllium, Barium and Lithium. depletion. It was agreed on 16 September 1987 and
entered into force on 16 September 1989.
2) Answer: a)
4) Answer: b)
Drinking water in some parts of India has contaminants
like Arsenic, Fluoride other than many other In the Namdapha National Park, located in Arunachal
contaminants. The sources of Arsenic are run off from Pradesh, the climate varies from tropical to subtropical,
orchards. The sources of fluoride are erosion of natural temperate and arctic. It is tropical and subtropical in
deposits, discharge from fertilizers and aluminium the southern region while it is of arctic type in the
factories. northern part of the park.
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5) Answer: d) enough. The earth's marine ecosystems are under
pressure as a result of climate change. Oceans are
In steel furnace, coke reacts with iron ore, releasing becoming more acidic, due in large part to their
iron and generating CO and CO2 gases. Due to use of absorption of some of our excess emissions.
coal, pollutants such as SOx and NOx are also
released. 9) Answer: c)
6) Answer: d) The most serious environmental effect posed by

hazardous wastes is Air Pollution. The waste can harm
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important trace gas in humans, animals, and plants if they encounter these
Earth's atmosphere. It is an integral part of the carbon toxins buried in the ground, in stream runoff, in
cycle, a biogeochemical cycle.Respiration is the groundwater that supplies drinking water, or in
process during which organic food, mainly glucose that floodwaters.
is present in the cell, breaks down into simpler
substances and liberates carbon dioxide and energy 10) Answer: b)
whereas a single eruption from a volcano puts 10,000
times more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than all Depletion of stratospheric ozone, UV radiation is able
of human activity has throughout history. to reach earth's surface. The exposure to these
radiations has increased the occurrence of skin cancer,
7) Answer: b) snow blindness herpes and many more.
Ozone depletion is largely a result of man-made 11) Answer: a)

substances. Humans have introduced gases and
chemicals into the atmosphere that have rapidly Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation
depleted the ozone layer. The chemicals most that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated
responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer are levels of hydrogen ions. It can have harmful effects on
chlorofluorocarbons. plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is
caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
8) Answer: a) oxide, which react with the water molecules in the
atmosphere to produce acids.
According to the National Climate Assessment, Global
warming results in Higher temperatures which is 12) Answer: d)
worsening many types of disasters, including storms,
heat waves, floods, and droughts. Global warming is Methane is a naturally occurring organic compound,
also leading to extinction of species. As land and sea but human activity has increased the amount of this
undergo rapid changes, the animals that inhabit them potent greenhouse gas that goes into the atmosphere.
are doomed to disappear if they don't adapt quickly The largest human source is from the production,
distribution and combustion of fossil fuels. This creates
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33% of human methane emissions. Incomplete burning 17) Answer: c)
of biomass creates methane emissions. Huge amounts
can get produced during large scale burning. This A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits
creates 11% of human methane emissions. radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.
Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect.The
13) Answer: b) primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
The three R’s are "Reduce" which means using fewer and ozone.
resources in the first place. This is the most effective of
the three Rs and the place to begin. Second R means to 18) Answer: a)
Reuse. Reusing keeps new resources from being used
for a while longer, and old resources from entering the The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
waste stream and the third R means Recycling. Ozone Layer is a landmark international agreement
designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer. It was
14) Answer: a) adopted in Montreal on Sept 16, 1987.
Hydrogen causes minimum environmental pollution. 19) Answer: d)

Hydrogen is the cleanest burning fuel, with only water
emissions. Hydrogen also is known as the future fuel Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a class of chemicals
that contain only atoms of carbon, chlorine, and
15) Answer: a) fluorine. As a group, they are unreactive, stable, and
poorly soluble in water. Commercially, the most
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which important CFCs are the derivatives of methane and
extends the 1992 United Nations Framework ethane.
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that
commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas 20) Answer: d)
emissions. The Kyoto Protocol was implemented with
the objective to reduce the onset of global warming by Halons are gases and are used as fire-extinguishing
reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the agents. They are between three and ten times more
atmosphere to a level that would prevent dangerous destructive to the ozone layer than
anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Chlorofluorocarbons.
16) Answer: d) 21) Answer: a)
The ozone layer mostly absorbs the harmful ultraviolet Bacterial contamination in water is measured using
radiations.These radiations are very harmful as they indicator organisms, notably Escherichia coli and
cause a number of problems inliving organisms. Enterococci which are used as primary indicators of
contamination in fresh and marine water quality. World
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Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water 26) Answer: c)
Quality state that as an indicator organism Escherichia
coli provides conclusive evidence of recent faecal Pollution emitting from vehicles including trucks,
pollution and should not be present in water meant for jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause immense amount of
human consumption. pollution in the metropolitan cities.
22) Answer: b) 27) Answer: d)
According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or
particulate size 2.5 µm or less in diameter (PM 2.5) are the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous
responsible for causing the greatest harm to human movement of water on, above and below the surface of
health. the Earth. The water moves from one reservoir to
another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean
23) Answer: b) to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration,
Carboxyhaemoglobin is a fairly stable union of carbon surface runoff, and subsurface flow.
monoxide with haemoglobin. The formation of
carboxyhaemoglobin prevents the normal transfer of 28) Answer: c)
carbon dioxide and oxygen during the circulation of
blood; thus, increasing levels of carboxyhaemoglobin Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as
result in various degrees of asphyxiation, including DDT, is a colourless, tasteless, and almost odourless
death. crystalline chemical compound originally developed as
an insecticide, and ultimately becoming infamous for
24) Answer: d) its environmental impacts. It is highly hydrophobic and
nearly insoluble in water but has good solubility in
The increasing concentration of a substance, such as a most organic solvents, fats and oils. It is not an
toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at antiseptic agent.
successively higher levels in a food chain is called
Biomagnification.It occurs when a toxic chemical 29) Answer: b)
increases in amount each time it moves up a food
chain. A study by The Energy and Resource Institute found
the high level of ozone in Delhi. This is due to high
25) Answer: d) level of pollutants like nitrogen oxide with react with
hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to produce
Aerosols are extremely-fine liquid droplets or solid ozone and impacts the environment.
particles that remain suspended in air as fog or smoke.
Chlorofluorocarbon is a major aerosol pollutant present 30) Answer: c)
in the jet-plane emission.
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic Bioremediation is the process of using organisms to
compounds that are resistant to environmental neutralize or remove contamination from waste. It is
degradation through chemical, biological, and very important to understand that this form of waste
photolytic processes. Because of their persistence, remediation uses no toxic chemicals, although it may
POPs bioaccumulate with potential adverse impacts on use an organism that can be harmful under certain
human health and the environment. circumstances.
31) Answer: b) 35) Answer: b)
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water Pollution can cause the death of the lichen algae,
acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially discoloration and reduced growth of the lichen fungus,
phosphates and nitrates. These typically promote or kill a lichen completely. Over time, sensitive species
excessive growth of algae. As the algae die and may be replaced by pollution-tolerant species. Hence
decompose, high levels of organic matter and the the species of lichens present in a location and the
decomposing organisms deplete the water of available concentration of pollutants measured in those lichens
oxygen, causing the death of other organisms, such as can tell us a lot about air quality.
fish.
36) Answer: c)
32) Answer: d)
The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was an
Non-exhaust vehicle emissions are released through industrial accident. It happened at a Union Carbide
processes unrelated to fuel combustion and not emitted subsidiary pesticide plant in the city of Bhopal, India.
from the exhaust pipe of the vehicle.Non-exhaust On the night of 2-3 December 1984, the plant released
emissions are generatedduring the mechanical 42 tonnes of toxic Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas,
processes associated with driving such as brake, clutch exposing more than 500,000 people to toxic gases.
or tyre wear, through road surface wear or the
resuspension of road dust as the vehicle travels over 37) Answer: d)
the road surface and from the corrosion of vehicle Global dimming is the gradual reduction in the amount
components. of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface that
33) Answer: c) was observed for several decades after the start of
systematic measurements in the 1950s.Global dimming
Itai-Itai disease was the first documented occurrence of is thought to have been caused by an increase in
mass cadmium poisoning in the world. It occurred in particulates such as sulphate aerosols in the atmosphere
1950 in Toyama Prefecture in Japan. due to human action.
34) Answer: c) 38) Answer: b)
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The coldest layer of the earth's atmosphere is the The effect of each greenhouse gas on climate change
Mesosphere. The air is very thin in this layer of the depends upon the wavelength of the radiation it
atmosphere. absorbs, its concentration or abundance and lifetime in
the atmosphere.
39) Answer: d)
Ozone layer depletion is simply the wearing out of the

amount of ozone in the stratosphere. Depletion begins 43) Answer: c)
when CFC’s get into the stratosphere. Ultra-violet
radiation from the sun breaks up these CFCs. The An algal bloom or algae bloom is a rapid increase or
breaking up action releases Chlorine atoms. Chlorine accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater
atoms react with Ozone, starting a chemical cycle that or marine water systems and is recognized by the
destroys the good ozone in that area. It leads to an discoloration in the water from their pigments. There
increase in ultraviolet radiations. are two major causes of algal blooms, these are high
temperatures and nutrients runoff.
40) Answer: b)
44) Answer: d)
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of
trees from land which is then converted to a non-forest Thermal pollution can be simply explained as the
use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest addition of surplus heat to water and ejecting it back to
land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most the water bodies.Mainly, the water that is used as
concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical coolant and transferred back to natural water bodies is
rainforests. the chief reason for thermal pollution. Thermal
pollutionis increasing day by day because of the
41) Answer: d) growing industrial activities. There are copious
factories that discharge their chemical waste directly
All the above factors will change with the changing into natural water bodies. This does not only causes
temperature. Humidity changes with the temperature thermal pollution but also makes the water poisonous.
change. Cloud formation also depends upon the dew
point of temperature and the volume of rain that falls
on the earth depends upon the water vapour in the
atmosphere. At higher temperature, atmosphere 45) Answer: d)
contains more water vapours resulting in heavy Thermal pollution largely affects the water bio
showers. diversity. The rise in temperature of water results in
42) Answer: d) increased metabolic activity of some water animals.
Hence, they start consuming more food in short time. It
also depletes the level of oxygen in natural water.
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Thermal pollution also results in contamination of given water sample at certain temperature over a
water because various chemicals and other wastes get specific time period.
mixed up with the water that is disposed off back to
rivers, ponds, lakes, etc., by various factories. 50) Answer: c)
46) Answer: d) Acid shock is a sudden increase in the level of acidity

of surface waters (lakes, streams, and rivers) in mid‐
Rice paddy fields act as a source of greenhouse gases latitude areas, caused by the melting in spring of snow
such as methane and nitrous oxides depending on soil that has accumulated through the winter, and stored dry
organic matter status, land use and cropping intensity, fallout of acidic precipitation. An acid shock can cause
irrigation water and drainage management practices, significant damage to freshwater species and habitats.
soil microbial populations and their activities, soil
properties, and climatic variables. 51) Answer: b)
47) Answer: b) A large quantity of dust results from micro-meteoroids

that burn up in the atmosphere and turn into dust.
Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a Stomata are plugged by particulate material such as
relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, dust and soot.
typically losing its bodies of water as well as
vegetation and wildlife. Practicing afforestation does 52) Answer: d)
not leads to desertification. Rising sea levels are the most common concern of
48) Answer: c) global warming taking place with a thermal expansion
of the oceans—a result of water molecules expanding
Coral reefs are often called as the Tropical rainforests in warmer temperatures, increased precipitation, and
of the oceans because of their variety and richness of the melting of mountain glaciers. Increasing ocean
life. They support an estimated 25% of the marine temperatures could cause serious ecological damage.
species. An increase in global temperature will likely enhance
the ability for severe weather, which could mean
stronger and more frequent storms.
49) Answer: d)
53) Answer: a)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, also called
Atmospheric aerosol particles also known as
Biological Oxygen Demand) is the amount of
atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter
dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological
(PM), particulates, or suspended particulate matter
organisms to break down organic material present in a
(SPM)are microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended
in the atmosphere of Earth. They are fine particles with
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a diameter of 2.5 μm or less.Sources of particulate 58) Answer: d)
matter can be natural or anthropogenic. They have
impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely Water Hyacinth is a free-floating fresh water plant
affect human health. which helps in reducing pollution caused by industrial
effluents by storing the heavy metals in their bladders,
54) Answer: d) roots and leaves.
Secondary pollutants are pollutants which form in the 59) Answer: a)

atmosphere. These pollutants are not emitted directly
from a source like vehicles or power plants. When mining substances such as zinc, copper, cobalt,
lead and other chemicals, these mineral deposits may
55) Answer: d) be released into the aquatic and adjacent farm
environment where their toxicity levels rise
Ozone is a secondary pollutant which is formed when tremendously upon absorption by aquatic and farm
hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) animals or crops resulting in biomagnification.The
combine in the presence of sunlight. NO2, which is release of gases into the environment and organic
formed as NO combines with oxygen in the air; and contaminants can also contribute to Biomagnification.
acid rain, which is formed when sulphur dioxide or
nitrogen oxides react with water. 60) Answer: b)
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants

and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize
56) Answer: c) foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis
Carbon sequestration is the process involved in carbon in plants generally involves the green pigment
capture and the long-term storage of atmospheric chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by-product.
carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon sequestration describes Thus, carbondioxide does not adds into the atmosphere
long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of during photosynthesis.
carbon to either mitigate or defer global warming and 61) Answer: d)
avoid dangerous climate change.
Photochemical smog is a unique type of air pollution
57) Answer: c) which is caused by reactions between sunlight and
An increase in supersonic aircraft flying could damage pollutants like hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide. All
the ozone layer as aircraft emissions of NOx deplete the above are the health effects of photochemical
ozone concentrations at high altitudes, where these smog.
aircraft would typically fly. 62) Answer: a)
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Greenhouse effect is caused by the greenhouse gases in use of wetlands. It is also known as the Convention on
our atmosphere trapping and redirecting heat back to Wetlands. It was signed in 1971.
the Earth.
68) Answer: d)
63) Answer: b)
The three main reasons warming causes global sea
The new technique of using the bacteria to get rid of oil level to rise are: oceans expand, ice sheets lose ice
spill has been called “Oil Zapping”. Oil Zapping is a faster than it forms from snowfall, and glaciers at
bio-remediation technique involving the use of ‘oil higher altitudes also melt.
zapping’ bacteria. It was developed by The Energy and
Resources Institute (TERI). 69) Answer: d)
64) Answer: b) Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is an Indian social

movement spearheaded by native tribals, farmers,
Methane gas is released by ruminants, biomass environmentalists and human rights activists against a
burning, termites, landfills and coal mining. number of large dam projects across river Narmada,
which flows through the states of Gujarat, Madhya
65) Answer: d) Pradesh and Maharashtra. The Chipko movement or
Carbon dioxide gas can absorb infrared radiation. This Chipko Andolan was to save trees or conservation of
property of carbon dioxide has helped in maintaining forests in India where people prevent trees from being
temperature on the earth atomic a moderate level. cut down.
Earth’s moderate temperature is necessary for the 70) Answer: d)
existence of life on this planet.
The combustion of coal is the largest contributor to the
66) Answer: b) human-made increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.
The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty that aims Electric generation using coal burning produces
to protect human health and the environment from the approximately twice the greenhouse gasses per
effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The kilowatt compared to generation using natural gas.
Convention entered into force on May 17, 2004. Coal mining releases methane, a potent greenhouse
gas. Methane is the naturally occurring product of the
67) Answer: d) decay of organic matter as coal deposits are formed
with increasing depths of burial, rising temperatures,
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International
and rising pressure over geological time.
Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an
international treaty for the conservation and sustainable 71) Answer: a)
Page 24 of 28
Controlled burn practices in agriculture and forest Sea-level rise is caused by melting ice from glaciers as
management is a anthropogenic source of pollution. well as from the Greenland ice sheet and the Antarctic
Controlled or prescribed burning is a technique ice sheet. The rise in the water level of the oceans and
sometimes used in forest management, farming, prairie the melted ice-sheets and glaciers causes the
restoration or greenhouse gas abatement. Fire is a destruction of the human settlements.
natural part of both forest and grassland ecology and
controlled fire can be a tool for foresters. Controlled 76) Answer: b)
burning stimulates the germination of some desirable The reason for the increase in temperatures in the
forest trees, thus renewing the forest. stratosphere with height relates to the wavelength of
72) Answer: d) the incoming solar energy. At higher altitudes in the
stratosphere, ozone very efficiently absorbs UV at
Three forms or allotropes of oxygen are involved in the wavelengths between 200 and 350 nanometres. At
ozone-oxygen cycle: oxygen atoms (O or atomic lower altitudes in the stratosphere, ozone absorbs UV
oxygen), oxygen gas (O2 or diatomic oxygen), and at wavelengths between 44 and 80 nanometres but
ozone gas (O3 or triatomic oxygen). much less efficiently.
73) Answer: b) 77) Answer: a)
The Antarctic ozone hole is an area of the Antarctic If Earth had no greenhouse gases the average surface
stratosphere in which the recent ozone levels have temperature would be 0 Degree F, far below the
dropped to as low as 33 percent of their pre-1975 freezing temperature. The oceans would be totally
values. The ozone hole occurs during the Antarctic frozen, and life would not exist on Earth.
spring, from September to early December, as strong
westerly winds start to circulate around the continent 78) Answer: b)
and create an atmospheric container. Central Canada experiences the greatest seasonal
74) Answer: c) variability in temperature.Annual and seasonal mean
temperatures across Canada have increased, with the
El Nino is an abnormal weather pattern caused by the greatest warming occurring in winter. Between 1948
warming of the Pacific Ocean near the equator, off the and 2016, the best estimate of mean annual
coast of South America. A temperature increase of temperature increase is 1.7°C for Canada as a whole
least 0.9 F (0.5 C) needs to occur in the waters of the and 2.3°C for northern Canada.
eastern Pacific Ocean near the equator for it to be
considered an El Nino year. 79) Answer: d)
75) Answer: c) All of these are problems associated with climate

change. The majority of scientists agree that many of
Page 25 of 28
these effects are caused by human contribution to the 84) Answer: b)
greenhouse effect. Extreme weather events, droughts,
heat waves, and rising sea levels will have devastating Clouds have both cooling and warming effects on
effects on the world’s poorest countries and Earth's surface. If more high clouds were to form, more
communities. energy would be trapped in the atmosphere, and Earth's
temperature would climb. It would warm the earth’s
80) Answer: b) surface by increasing the greenhouse effect.
The Paris Agreement aims to keep the overall increase 85) Answer: c)
in global temperatures below 2 degrees Celsius, with
the hope of limiting it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Scientists Qatar is the highest per capita emitter of carbon
believe that these are the largest increases in global dioxide in the world. In 2011, the per capita emission
temperature that we could experience without causing was 44 tons.
catastrophic change to the Earth’s climate. 86) Answer: a)
81) Answer: c) Lichens is a useful biological indicator of sulphur
Transportation sector emits 14% of global greenhouse dioxide pollution Lichens are a complex life form that
gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from this is a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a
sector primarily involve fossil fuels burned for road, fungus and an alga. The dominant partner is the
rail, air, and marine transportation. Almost all (95%) of fungus, which gives the lichen the majority of its
the world's transportation energy comes from characteristics, from its thallus shape to its fruiting
petroleum-based fuels, largely gasoline and diesel. bodies.
82) Answer: b) 87) Answer: b)
The electricity and heat production sector emits the The Amazon Rainforest, also known as Amazonia or
largest percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions Amazon Jungle, is one of the world’s greatest natural
at 25%. Agriculture, forestry, and other land use sector resources and covers most of the Amazon Basin of
is a close second at 24%. South America. It is popularly referred as the Lungs of
our planet.
83) Answer: c)
88) Answer: c)
The correct order of the layers of the earth’s surface
starting with the one closest to the Earth’s surface is Greenpeace is a global, independent campaigning
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere and organization that uses peaceful protest and creative
Thermosphere. communication to expose global environmental
Page 26 of 28
problems and promote solutions that are essential to a Global Environment Outlook - Global Environment
green and peaceful future. Outlook (GEO) is a series of reports on the
environment issued periodically by the United Nations
89) Answer: a) Environmental Programme (UNEP). UN Environment
Deforestation needs to be addressed immediately launched the first Global Environment Outlook in
which refers to the cutting, clearing, and removal of 1997. It is a flagship report because it fulfills the core
rainforest or related ecosystems into less bio-diverse functions of the UNEP.
ecosystems such as pasture, cropland, or plantations. 94) Answer: d)
90) Answer: a) Surface runoff is the flow of water that occurs when
The world's highest glacier is the Lambert glacier in excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows
Antarctica, according to the United States Geological over the Earth's surface. Contaminated surface waters
Survey. The glacier is more than 60 miles (96 km) risk altering the metabolic processes of the aquatic
wide at its widest point, about 270 miles (435) long, species that they host. Surface runoff occurring within
and has been measured to be 8,200 feet (2,500 meters) forests can supply lakes with high loads of mineral
deep at its centre. nitrogen and phosphorus leading to eutrophication.In
the case of groundwater, the main issue is
91) Answer: a) contamination of drinking water.
Under the Kyoto protocol the UK Government 95) Answer: a)

committed to reducing the levels of CO 2 and five
other greenhouse gases by 12.5% below 1990 levels by Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic
2008 to 2012. These commitments have been surpassed chemicals that have a high vapor pressure at ordinary
and new targets set. room temperature.They include both human-made and
naturally occurring chemical compounds. VOCs are
92) Answer: b) dangerous to human health or cause harm to the
environment.
The thermosphere is the layer in the Earth's atmosphere
directly above the mesosphere and below the 96) Answer: b)
exosphere. Within this layer of the atmosphere,
ultraviolet radiation causes photoionization of Increased pollution in our atmosphere has resulted in
molecules, creating ions in the ionosphere. It is the creation and development of all sorts of water
approximately 480km thick and contains the purification technologies and processes. Two most
ionosphere. popular types of water purification methods are reverse
osmosis (RO) and distillation. Reverse osmosis (RO) is
93) Answer: a) a water purification technology that uses a partially
Page 27 of 28
permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and 99) Answer: d)
larger particles from drinking water.
Destroying rainforests has a severe impact on the
97) Answer: b) environment. It leads to the loss of habitat of millions
of species. Most of the animal and plant species can’t
Reducing solid waste is reducing the amount of survive in the forest in the absence of rainforests.
garbage that goes into our landfills. The maximum
amount of solid waste in the environment is produced 100) Answer: a)
due to manufacturing.
Iron and manganese are common inorganic pollutants
98) Answer: a) present in water supplies which result in aesthetic and
operational challenges such as unpleasant metallic taste
"Spraying crops" is the way people generally refer to and reddish colour. Iron and manganese pollutants
liquid pesticide or fertilizer application to a crop. can’tbe removed by the process of chlorination.
Spraying DDT on the crops tends to pollute the soil as
well as water.
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Expected Environment and Climate Change Questions Mcqs for Ssc Railway and Upsc Exams

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Expected Environment and Climate Change Questions

(MCQs) For SSC, Railway and UPSC Exams

a) Plutonium a) Mrugavani National Park

b) Beryllium b) Namdapha National Park

c) Cadmium c) Mouling National Park

d) Both b and c d) Kaziranga National Park

a) Arsenic and Fluoride a) Oxides of Nitrogen

b) Arsenic and Uranium b) Oxides of Carbon

c) Uranium and Formaldehyde c) Oxides of Sulphur

d) Fluoride and Uranium d) All of the above

b) Chlorofluorocarbon 11) Acid-Rain is mainly caused due to the emission

a) Increased Agricultural Productivity d) Oxygen and Nitrous oxide

a) Increased Frequency and intensity of the storms d) Both a and b

a) Behaviour abnormalities d) Rebuilt, Reduce, Reuse

b) Skin cancer 14) Which of the following fuel is known to cause

a) Reducing the onset of Global Warming b) 1985

b) International Trade c) 1988

c) Protection of the Biodiversity d) 1990

b) Entamoeba histolytica c) Bioremediation

c) Streptococcus pyogenes d) Biomagnification

d) Eichhornia crassipes 25) Which of the following is the major aerosol

a) 2.0 or less c) Sulphurdioxide

b) 2.5 or less d) Chlorofluorocarbon.

c) 1.5 or less 26) The atmospheric pollution in the big

d) Obstructing the reaction of oxygen with a) Evaporation

a) It is colourless, tasteless and odourless chemical a) Biomagnification

a) Pollutants like Carbon monoxide and Carbondioxide b) Brake wear

a) Pre-Organic Pollutants d) Arsenic

b) Primary Organic Pollutants 34) The use of either naturally occurring or

c) They efficiently purify the atmosphere a) Occurrence of Cortical cataracts

d) Both b and c b) Occurrence of skin-cancer

c) Global Temperature a) Cloud Formation

d) Global Dimming b) Precipitation

d) All of the above b) Depleted level of oxygen in natural water

42) The effectiveness of the greenhouse gases c) Contamination of water

c) Lifetime in atmosphere a) Methane

d) All of the above b) Oxygen

43) Which of the following causes harmful algal c) Nitrous oxides

c) Both a and b a) Stripping the land of resources

d) Neither a nor b b) Practicing Afforestation

44) Which of the following are the chief causes of c) Overgrazing

c) Eutrophication a) They are only liquid droplets suspended in the

a) Acid Rain d) Diameter is 2.5 micrometres or less

b) Biomagnification 54) Which of the following pollutants are not

d) Eutrophication a) Primary Pollutants

d) Leaf Blights a) Ammonia

52) Which of the following are the possible b) Carbon monoxide

d) None of the above b) Risk of certain birth defects

a) Algal Blooms d) Global dimming

b) Organic Contaminants 63) Oil Zapper developed to clean oil-spills using a

b) TERI 67) The Ramsar Convention is an international

b) Methane 68) Which of the following is the reason behind the

a) Nitrogen Monoxide d) All of the above

b) Sulphur dioxide 69) Which of the following is/are regarded as the

a) Atomic Oxygen 76) In the stratosphere, why does temperature

a) Arctic zone d) Convection

a) Costa Rica, Central America b) 50%

b) Central Canada c) 14%

c) New-Delhi, India c) 25%

d) Mumbai, India 82) Which of the following economic sectors emits

b) Global sea levels are rising at an alarmingly fast rate c) Transportation

c) The ice sheets are declining, glaciers are in retreat d) Buildings

b) High clouds warm the surface by increasing the d) American Rainforest

d) Both a and b a) Earth Charter Initiative