EXPERIMENT - 3

Aim of the experiment: Systematic analysis of simple salt –I

PRELIMINARY TESTS:

Sl.No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. a)Colour:
Colour of the salt is noted Colourless Absence of copper and
iron salt.

b)Appearance:
Appearance of the salt is noted May Crystalline May be Sulphate,
be Nitrate, Chloride be
present.
2. Solubility: May be Sulphate,
A little of the salt is shaken with Soluble Nitrate, Chloride or
water. Ammonium Carbonate.
3. Action of Heat: Decripitation occurs with
A small amount of the salt is heated evolution of reddish brown May be Nitrate.
gently in a dry test tube. gas.

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS

4. Action of dil HCl

To a small amount of dilute HCl the No characteristic change Absence of Sulphide
salt is added. and Carbonate
5. Copper Turnings Test:
A small amount of the salt is heated Reddish brown gas is Presence of Nitrate
with Copper Turnings / Filter paper evolved
ball and a few drops of conc.
Sulphuric acid is added.
6. Chromyl Chloride Test:
To a small amount of the salt a pinch No Red orange vapours Absence of chloride
of Potassium Dichromate is added
and heated with few drops of conc.
H2SO4
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:
A small amount of salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate and 20ml of distilled water is
added, boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is called “SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT”.

1. Barium Chloride Test:

To a few drops of the extract, dilute
HCl is added until the effervescence No white precipitate Absence of Sulphate
ceases and 2 ml of BaCl2 solution is
added.
2. Brown Ring Test:
To a few drops of extract dilute
H2SO4 is added until the Brown ring is formed at
effervescence ceases, then freshly the junction of the two Nitrate is confirmed
prepared FeSO4 is added and layers.
then conc. H2SO4 is added drop
by drop along the sides of the test
tube

IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION:
The original solution is prepared by dissolving a small amount of salt in water.
ZERO GROUP

1. To a few drops of the original

solution NaOH solution is added No pungent smell Absence of Ammonium
and shaken well. The smell of the
issuing gas is noted.

GROUP SEPARATION

2. To a few drops of the original white precipitate soluble Presence of First Group.
solution 2 ml of dilute HCl is added when boiled with water is (Lead).
obtained

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

3. To a few drops of the original Yellow precipitate soluble in Lead is confirmed.
solution KI is added hot water which reappears
as golden yellow spangles
on cooling

RESULT:
The given simple salt contains
1. Basic Radical : Lead
2. Acid Radical : Nitrate
The given simple salt is : Lead Nitrate
 EXPERIMENT - 4
Aim of the experiment: Systematic analysis of simple salt –II
PRELIMINARY TESTS:

Sl. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. a)Colour Colourless Absence of copper and
Colour of the salt is noted iron salt

b)Appearance
Appearance of the salt is noted Crystalline May be Sulphate,
Nitrate, Chloride
2. Solubility May be Sulphate,
A little of the salt is shaken with Soluble Nitrate, Chloride or
water. Ammonium Carbonate.
3. Action of Heat: Salt sublimes with evolution May be Ammonium
A small amount of the salt is of pungent smelling gas giving
heated gently in a dry test tube. dense white fumes with a glass
rod dipped in conc HCl.

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS

4. Action of Dil HCl

To a small amount of dilute HCl No characteristic change. Absence of Sulphide
the salt is added and Carbonate.
5. Copper Turnings Test:
A small amount of the salt is No reddish brown gas is Absence of Nitrate.
heated with Copper Turnings evolved.
and a few drops of conc. H2SO4
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:
A small amount of salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate and 20ml of distilled water is
added, boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is called “SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT”.

1. Silver Nitrate Test:

To a few drops of the extract dil
HNO3 is added until the No precipitate. Absence of chloride/
effervescence ceases and 2 ml sulphide
of AgNO3 solution is added
2. Barium Chloride Test:
To a few drops of the extract, dil
HCl is added until the A white precipitate, insoluble in Sulphate is confirmed.
effervescence ceases and 2 ml conc. HCl.
of BaCl2 solution is added

IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION:

The original solution is prepared by dissolving a small amount of salt in water.
ZERO GROUP

1. To a few drops of the original

solution NaOH solution is added Pungent smell is observed Ammonium is present.
and shaken well. The smell of
the issuing gas is noted
 CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

1. To a few drops of the original

solution NaOH and Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate Ammonium is
reagent are added. confirmed.

RESULT:
The given simple salt contains
1. Basic Radical : Ammonium
2. Acid Radical : Sulphate
The given simple salt is : Ammonium Sulphate
 EXPERIMENT - 5
Aim of the experiment: Systematic analysis of simple salt –III
PRELIMINARY TESTS:

Sl. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. a)Colour
Colour of the salt is noted Colourless Absence of copper and
iron salt

b)Appearance
Appearance of the salt is noted Powdery May be carbonate and
sulphide
2. Solubility
A little of the salt is shaken with insoluble May be carbonate and
water. sulphide
3. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is Colourless, odourless gas May be Carbonate.
heated gently in a dry test tube. turning lime water milky.
4. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is
made into a paste with conc.
HCl in a watch glass and Brick red flame
introduced into the non luminous Presence of Calcium
part of the Bunsen flame.

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS

5. Copper Turnings Test:

A small amount of the salt is
heated with Copper Turnings No reddish brown gas is Absence of Nitrate.
and a few drops of conc. H2SO4 evolved.
6. Action Of Dil HCl

To a small amount of dilute HCl Brisk effervescence of Carbonate is confirmed.

the salt is added. colourless, odourless gas
turning Lime water milky.
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:
A small amount of salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate and 20ml of distilled water is
added, boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is called “SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT”.
1. Barium Chloride Test:
To a few drops of the extract, dil
HCl is added until the
effervescence ceases and 2 ml No white precipitate Absence of Sulphate
of BaCl2 solution is added
2. Silver Nitrate Test:
To a few drops of the extract dil
HNO3 is added until the
effervescence ceases and 2 ml No precipitate Absence of chloride and
of AgNO3 solution is added sulphide

IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION:

The original solution prepared by dissolving a small amount of salt in dil HNO3
 ZERO GROUP

1. To a few drops of the original

solution Sodium Hydroxide and No Reddish brown precipitate Absence of Ammonium
Nessler’s reagent are added.

GROUP SEPARATION

2. To a few drops of the original

solution 2 ml of dil HCl is added No characteristic precipitate Absence of First Group
(Lead).
3. To a few drops of the original
solution 1 ml NH4Cl and 2 ml No characteristic precipitate. Absence of Third Group
NH4OH solutions are added. (Aluminium).
4. To a few drops of the original
solution 1 ml NH4Cl and 2 ml
NH4OH solutions are added No characteristic precipitate. Absence of Fourth
and H2S gas is passed. Group (Zinc).
5. To a few drops of the original
solution 1 ml NH4Cl, 2 ml White precipitate Presence of Fifth
NH4OH and 2 ml (NH4)2CO3 Group (Calcium or
solutions are added. Barium).

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

1. To a few drops of the original

solution Ammonium hydroxide
and Ammonium oxalate are White precipitate insoluble in Calcium is confirmed.
added. Acetic acid.

RESULT:
The given simple salt contains
1. Basic Radical : Calcium
2. Acid Radical : Carbonate
The given simple salt is : Calcium Carbonate
 EXPERIMENT – 6
Aim of the experiment: Systematic analysis of simple salt –IV
PRELIMINARY TESTS:

Sl. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. a)Colour
Colour of the salt is noted Blue Presence of copper salt

b)Appearance May be Sulphate,

Appearance of the salt is noted Crystalline Nitrate, Chloride
2. Solubility May be Sulphate,
A little of the salt is shaken with Soluble Nitrate, Chloride or
water. Ammonium Carbonate.
3. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is Blue colour turns white May be copper
heated gently in a dry test tube.
4. Flame test:
A small amount of the salt is
made into a paste with conc.
HCl in a watch glass and Bluish green flame Presence of copper
introduced into the non-
luminous part of the Bunsen
flame

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS

5. Action Of Dil HCl

To a small amount of dilute HCl Absence of Sulphide
the salt is added No characteristic change. and Carbonate
6. Copper Turnings Test:
A small amount of the salt is
heated with Copper Turnings No reddish brown gas is Absence of Nitrate.
and a few drops of conc. H2SO4 evolved.
7. Chromyl Chloride Test:
To a small amount of the salt a
pinch of Potassium Dichromate
is added and heated with few No Red orange vapours. Absence of chloride.
drops of conc. H2SO4
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:
A small amount of salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate and 20ml of distilled water is
added, boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is called “SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT”.

1. Silver Nitrate Test:

To a few drops of the extract dil
HNO3 is added until the No precipitate. Absence of chloride/
effervescence ceases sulphide
and 2 ml of AgNO3 solution is
added.
2. Barium Chloride Test:
To a few drops of the extract, dil A white precipitate, insoluble in
HCl is added until the conc. HCl. Sulphate is confirmed
effervescence ceases and 2 ml
of BaCl2 solution is added.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC RADICALS
PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION:
The original solution prepared by dissolving a small amount of salt in water.
ZERO GROUP

1. To a few drops of the original No Reddish brown precipitate Absence of Ammonium

solution Sodium Hydroxide and
Nessler’s reagent are added.

GROUP SEPARATION

2. To a few drops of the original

solution 2 ml of dil HCl is added No characteristic precipitate Absence of First Group
3. To a few drops of the original
solution, dil HCl, and yellow Black precipitate obtained Presence of Second
ammonium sulphide were added group

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

1. To a few drops of salt solution, dil

HNO3 and aqueous ammonia Blue coloured solution Copper is confirmed.
solution were added obtained.

RESULT:
The given simple salt contains
1. Basic Radical : Copper
2. Acid Radical : Sulphate
The given simple salt is : Copper Sulphate