INTRODUCTION

Air conditioning means the process of treating air to control its temperatures, humidity, and
distribution. as well as cleanliness to meet space requirement in textile industry. For the comfort
of occupants and workers treating air is must. For the comfort of occupants supplying air at a
proper flow rat, proper condition and distribution is must to.

Air conditioning has several functions in textile industry; air conditioning is needed to control
the heat, air circulation, airborne debris content as well as humidity to help get hold of a good
item. Moreover, air conditioning is required for these types of reasons: to provide comfort and
ease to worker, to provide necessary low temperature conditions needed for the manufacturing a
good quality of product, to provide a clean area for sensitive jobs, to storing the material, and
also for drying merchandise. Without air conditioning systems, textile industries wouldn't be able
to function in any way.

Air conditioning in textile industry must be install properly in each room of operation is
occurring. Air conditioning installation in textile mill is the most important thing for good
production of material and other basic things like, comfort of occupant, machinery safety and
good air distribution in working room. The Installation process is too much big and many air
conditioning equipment are required.

Major equipment used for air conditioning system

 Terminal distribution equipment (diffuser, grilles, registers)
 Fan (centrifugal fan and axial type)
 Air duct
 Accessories (dampers, turning vanes, equalizing grids, …)
 Industrial refrigeration
 Industrial heat pump

Diffusers
These devices usually consist of a series of separate concentric rings or louvers with collar or
neck to connect to the duct. They may be round, square, or rectangular in shape. The main
purpose of them is

 Distribute the air equally in all direction

 Distribute the air in any desired direction.
Grilles and registers
These devices consist of a frame and parallel bars, which may be either fixed or adjustable. the
bares serve to deflect the supply air in the direction the bars are set, and if the bars are
adjustable, to adjust throw and spread of air.

Grilles with volume control dampers mounted behind the grille are called registers.

Fans
Fans:-is an essential and the most important components of almost all air conditioning systems.
Fan can be classified as centrifugal and axial flow fans, which differ in the direction of air flow
through the fan.

Centrifugal fan, in this fan air is pulled along the fan shaft and then blown radially away
from the shaft. It is the most commonly used in air conditioning system because it can efficiently
move large quantities of air over a large range of pressures. They are usually cheaper than axial
fans and simpler in construction.

A typical centrifugal fan

They use the kinetic energy of the impellers or the rotating blade to increase the pressure of the
air/gas stream which in turn moves them against the resistance caused by ducts, dampers and
other components. Centrifugal fans accelerate air radially, changing the direction (typically by
90o) of the airflow. They are sturdy, quiet, reliable, and capable of operating over a wide range of
conditions.

Centrifugal fan based on the shape of impellers are classified in to forward curved, radial and
backward curved.
 AIR DUCT
Air ducts are installed to deliver or remove air to ventilate buildings, also used to distribute the
air throughout the required room.

An air conditioning duct is a type of pipe or tunnel that is used to distribute air throughout a
structure. Systems of ducts, known as ductwork, are a central component of a building's heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning system. In most systems, only one set of ductwork is present,
which is used to transport cool air in the summer and heated air in the winter, along with
as air required for general ventilation needs. Air conditioning duct is used only with
central air units, and is not required for homes that rely on split systems or ductless
air conditioning.

To understand the function of air conditioning duct, one must first understand how a
central air system works. First, a system of Intake grilles or louvers pulls fresh air from outside
into the central air unit. The air is cooled, and then blown into an air conditioning duct system,
where it is distributed to various rooms. The cool air enters the rooms through air terminal units
installed at the end of each duct line, which generally take the form of diffusers or grilles. This
network of ducts that transport cool air from the unit to each room is called the supply ductwork.

Based on their construction air ducts are divided in to two.

 Duct incorporated with the structural elements of the building (such ducts are built in the
wall, intermediate structure of floor )
 Ducts installed independently of structural element of the building (ducts of this type
are generally suspended from the ceiling)

DAMPER
A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air inside a duct, chimney,
VAV box, air handler, or other air handling equipment. A damper may be used to cut off central
air conditioning (heating or cooling) to an unused room, or to regulate it for room-by-room
temperature and climate control. Its operation can be manual or automatic. Manual dampers are
turned by a handle on the outside of a duct. Automatic dampers are used to regulate airflow
constantly and are operated by electric or pneumatic motors, in turn controlled by a thermostat or
building automation system. Automatic or motorized dampers may also be controlled by a
solenoid, and the degree of air-flow calibrated, perhaps according to signals from the thermostat
going to the actuator of the damper in order to modulate the flow of air-conditioned air in order
to effect climate control.
 Turning Vanes
The installation of turning vanes can cause the ductwork to become less efficient by
increasing the pressure drop in the system, as well as adding time and expense to the overall
installation. This belief seems to be based in simple logic: when there is more surface area
exposed to the airflow, the amount of friction will be increased, and the harder the fan must work
to achieve the required airflows

Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression refrigeration is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most
widely used method for air-conditioning of textile industry. Vapor-compression Refrigeration
may be defined as lowering the temperature of an enclosed space by removing heat from that
space and transferring it elsewhere. A device that performs this function may also be called an
air conditioner, refrigerator, air source heat pump, water source heat pump, geo thermal heat
pump or chiller (heat pump).

Heat pumps in industry

Relatively few heat pumps are currently installed in industry. However, as environmental
regulations become stricter, industrial heat pumps can become an important technology to reduce
emissions, improve efficiency, and limit the use of ground water for cooling. Industrial heat
pumps are mainly used for, space heating, heating and cooling of process stream,
drying/dehumidification, evaporation, etc...
Central Air Conditioning installation in textile mills
Central air conditioning distributes air or cold water to several rooms in a building, providing for
a more effective air conditioning than stand-alone air conditioner units.

Central air conditioning systems are more complex to install than single unit air conditioners
such as window or wall mounted air conditioners. You will need the help of a professional for
some of the work involved, unless you have experience with electrical installations. If you have
not installed similar systems before, contact a professional for guidance, advice and planning
before starting the work.

Step 1: Components
The first step to installing a central air conditioning is to understand how the system works.

1. Air conditioning systems consist of three main parts: an outside unit, which typically
includes the condenser and compressor, an inside unit (air handler) where the evaporator is
located, and ducts or pipes which distribute cold air or water to different rooms in a building.

2. Both the outside and inside unit will need to be connected to the main power supply of the
home.

3 .Sometimes the evaporator is located outside, eliminating the need for an inside unit.

4. If the air conditioning works by distributing cold air through several rooms, it will need
ducts to do so.

5. If the air conditioning distributes cold water, which is turned into air in each separate room,
it will require pipes.1

Step 2: Planning
Before installing the air conditioning, you will need to do some planning. Follow the steps below
to make sure you do everything in the right order and don't spend extra time and money fixing
mistakes.

1. You will need to make sure that the main power supply supports the system you plan to
install. Consult an electrician for this. This is very important, as it can be dangerous to connect a
system not supported by the main power.

2. If you do not have ducts to transport the cold air, (or pipes to transport cold water), you will
need to plan for and install these first. This will take much longer than the installation of the air
conditioning system itself.
3. You should also contact a professional to help you determine how big of a unit you will need
to cool down the home, or the rooms which you want the system to service.

4. For more information on how to hire a contractor, visit Mahalo's pages on How to Hire a
General Contractor, How to Hire a Plumbing Contractor and How to Find an Electrician.

5. The contractor should be certified or accredited in Heating, Ventilation and Air

Conditioning.

6. Handing refrigerants require an appropriate certification, so seek assistance for this part. If
you are replacing an old air conditioning system, you should also ask a contractor to remove the
old system.

Step 3: Installation
Next, it's time to start the installation of the air conditioning. Follow all instructions and safety
guidelines for the components you are installing carefully. Consult local planning and building
codes for requirements on installation, including the placement of components.

1. Start by installing the air handler unit. It is usually installed in a basement or attic. Follow
the instructions that came with the unit.

2. Make sure turn off the main power to the house or building next! Continuing with the
installation while having the power on can be very dangerous!

3. Install the compressor. It should be placed on top of a base. The space immediately
surrounding the compressor should be empty, so doesn’t install it right next to a wall, plants or
other items. It should be placed on a stable and level surface.

4. Drill holes through the wall for the refrigeration and electricity tubes. Place filler between
the wall and the tubes to prevent leakage.

5. Connect the compressor and air handler to the main power unit of the house.

6. Install the thermostat, if needed. Connect it to the air handler and main power supply.

7. Turn the power back on.

8. Check to make sure that the unit is working.

Conclusion
Installing a central air conditioning takes at least a few hours and will require some help from
an electrician, unless you are one yourself. If you need pipes or ducts, it will take much longer.
You might want to consult a contractor for additional help. If you are used to similar
installations, you might be able to do the process yourself. Just make sure your main power
supply supports the system before starting.