:

.
.

.
.

.
 X

.
 m)

(S I)
(4.184 j)

X
 209) J 4.18 J
209 100 50 25

C = (4200) J/kg.°K 21000) J 2) kg

100°C 50°C 10°C 2.5°C

C c c c

m m m m

C c c c

m m m m
C

B
(A) (B)
220 oC) (200) oC (50) g
387 j/kg.K

(39.4) o c (28.4) g
(21) oC (50) g
(65) (2.5) g
(22.5) oC (20) oC g
(387) J/kg.K (4180) J/kg.k

(15)oC (500) g
(70)g (80) oC (100)g
(25) oC (100) oC
(386) J/kg.K (4180) J/kg.K
 (220) 0 C (20) 0 C (500) cm3
cm3
1.7 0.17 1.2 0.33
(200) 0C (20) 0C (600) cm 3

C -1
0.14) cm3
1.7x10-8 1.2x10-5 1.6x 10-4 1.3 x10-6
a
a
b

b
b a
50.068 cm 50 cm
(1 /0 C)
28 104 1.30 10-6 20 10-6 17 10-6

115) 0C (15) 0C 250) cm

(12 x 10-6 /OC

2
 ( 3

40) 0C 10) 0C
60) cm

100) 0C 20) 0C 0.55) m3 5

 37800) J
Lf = 3.36 x 105 J/kg
0.1125 11.25 1.125 112.5

Lf = 3.36 x 105 J/kg

0°C 250 gm
13.44 x 105 84000 336 x 10 0
 T °C

100

-50
 C (0.1)kg
C = 2100 ( C = 4200 J/kg.K
Lf = 3.33 x 105 J/kg ) J/kg.K

40)°C 0)°C (200) g

4200 J/kg.K
3.33 x 105 J/kg

(-10) °C 100) g 3
( c = 2100 J/kg.K) c = 4200 J/kg.K) (100)°C
Lf = 3.33 x 105 J/K), (L v = 2.26 x 106 J/K)
 (1)

2cm

+
A B) (16)N/C A)

4cm N/C

B
 E

5 N 2 C

10 N/C

K 1 C 1 m
 (N)

(q) (E)

E E E E

q q q q

2 m +4 C
N/C
 a,b

qb qa

a b

(d)
(E)

(d)
(2d) (E)

(N) (200) N/C

E
v
v

d
d
d
 4 cm C 2 cm A B 1
+ +
6 C 4 C
qB= +4 c qA = +6 c
6 cm
C
qB= - 0.1 m qA (C)

qa=+ a

(b)

4cm
qc

C
b
3cm

(b) (4) C
48 .F 8 .F

(2)
 10 .C
.C
10 5

(0.2) cm
12 V
N/C
6000 600 240 2.4

1800 N/C
N/C
1800 900 450 125

(5×10-4) m (5)m2

o = 8.85×10-12 F/m (10)V

8.85×10-6 8.85×10-7 8.85×10-8 8.85×10-18

 (4) mm ( )
mm
24 12 6

(2)
1 mm 100 cm2
200
v 2 cm 100 cm2
3
 20 cm
10 A
B

B I
 B

B B B B

d d d d

I B
A C I
D

D C B A

: B

B 3×10-5 T cm M 3×10-5 T
I
10
10 cm M
I

5 5
15 15
A I 6

X
C I D

B B A
D C
 I
(B
B

10 1 cm
B 25 A
0.1 0.01 0.001
.
 (3)A -1
(a
I = 3A
a
2r = 0.1m

2 ×10-5 T 20 A

(40cm 400
0.5 A
60o 30o
( 0.64) 2.5

m\s 1.5

(30 o) (60o)

1.5) (49o)

40 o
35 o
30 o 20 o

35 0

55 45 35 24
 ( 3 108) m\s
( 1.5 108) m\s
4 3 2 1

1.5 3 10 8
m\s
m\s
4.5 108 2 108 1.6 108 0.5 108

1.2
1.33
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2

(45 o) (60 o)

2.44 1.5 1.44 1.22

60 V1 = 3 x 108 m/s 25.6

30
r V2 = 1.5 x 108 m/s
40.5
50
1.5
1.33
 90°
×

30 cm 60 cm 30 cm

10 cm
 r 2r
20 cm
6.67 cm
20 cm
6.67 cm
20 cm
: 5 cm 15 cm
20 10 3 0.33
-5
 B
C

A D

AD AF AC AB
F

AD AF AC AB

(45o)
1.7 2 1.5

1.3
90 60 50 30
50o

1.5 0.75
 1.74
60 45 35 25

1.5
450
450 450
450

2 1

4 3 2 1

(30°)
30
1.2 1 0.5 2
( 1.25 x 108 ) m\s ( 3 x 108 m\s

2.4 x1016 2.4 x108 2.4 0.24

20 cm 10 cm
 5 cm cm

10 cm 3 cm
5 cm

4 cm 20 cm 10 cm
4 cm 20 cm 10 cm