Climate change can also affect people and ecosystems.

For
example:

 Flooding of coastal regions – Coastal cities are at risk from

flooding as sea level continue to rise.
 Food insecurity – High temperatures, extreme weather events,
flooding, and droughts can damage farmland. This makes it difficult
for farmers to grow crops and means that their yield of crops each
year is uncertain.
 Conflict and climate migrants – Climate change is a stress
multiplier – it can take existing problems, such as lack of food or
shelter, and make them worse. This can cause people to fight over
resources (food, water, and shelter), or to migrate.
 Damage to marine ecosystems – Rising ocean temperatures,
ocean acidification, and ocean anoxia (lack of oxygen) are
damaging to marine life such as fish and coral reefs.

How can we stop climate change?

Reduce global greenhouse gas emissions

 The most crucial step to limit climate change is to make big and
rapid reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions. There are
many ways this can be done and governments, businesses,
organisations, and individuals around the world can all contribute.
In June 2019, the UK became the world’s first major economy to
pass a law committing the country to a target of ‘net zero’
emissions by 2050.

Impacts of climate change

Human activity – from releasing greenhouse gases and aerosols into the
atmosphere, to changing the use of land – is the main driver of climate
change. This has a range of impacts on the climate system, ecosystems,
and people.

Changes to the climate system include:

 Rising ocean levels – Rising temperatures are causing glaciers

and ice sheets to melt, adding more water to the oceans, and
causing the ocean level to rise. Oceans absorb 90% of the extra
heat from global warming: warmer water expands, and so our
oceans are taking up more space.
  Ocean acidification – Ocean acidification occurs when the ocean
absorbs carbon dioxide and becomes more acidic. It is often called
the 'evil twin' of climate change.
 Extreme weather events – Climate change is causing many
extreme weather events to become more intense and frequent,
such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods.

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/what-is-climate-
change

https://www.britannica.com/science/global-warming/Potential-effects-of-
global-warming

file:///C:/Users/hp/Downloads/3.pdf

We produce greenhouse gases in lots of different ways:

 Burning fossil fuels – Fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal
contain carbon dioxide that has been 'locked away' in the ground
for thousands of years. When we take these out of the land and
burn them, we release the stored carbon dioxide into the air.

 Deforestation – Forests remove and store carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere. Cutting them down means that carbon dioxide builds
up quicker since there are no trees to absorb it. Not only that, trees
release the carbon they stored when we burn them.

 Agriculture – Planting crops and rearing animals releases many

different types of greenhouse gases into the air. For example,
animals produce methane, which is 30 times more powerful than
carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. The nitrous oxide used for
fertilisers is ten times worse and is nearly 300 times more potent
than carbon dioxide!

 Cement – Producing cement is another contributor to climate

change, causing 2% of our entire carbon dioxide emissions.
Natural forcings that can contribute to climate change include:

 Solar irradiance – Changing energy from the sun has

affected the temperature of Earth in the past. However, we
have not seen anything strong enough to change our climate.
Any increase in solar energy would make the entire
atmosphere of Earth warm, but we can only see warming in
the bottom layer.
 Volcanic eruptions – Volcanoes have a mixed effect on our
climate. Eruptions produce aerosol particles that cool Earth,
but they also release carbon dioxide, which warms it.
Volcanoes produce 50 times less carbon dioxide than
humans do, so we know they are not the leading cause of
global warming. On top of this, cooling is the dominant effect
of volcanic eruptions, not warming.
Group 1

 Causes
1. Rapid Industrialization (greenhouse gas emissions)
2. Consumer practices (pollution caused)

 Solutions
1. Ways to combat global warming from the industrial sector include energy efficiency,
fuel switching, combined heat and power, use of renewable energy, and the more
efficient use and recycling of materials.
2. Carbon emissions from consumer practices can be reduced by reusing, recycling and
reducing the waste production. The resources are to be extracted in a sustainable
manner.

GRP - 5

 2 causes-
1. Cement manufacturing
2. Improper waste disposal

 2 preventive measures-
1. Green cement
2. Proper waste disposal methods

GRP – 6

 Burning fossil fuels

Solution:
I. Reducing the amount of electricity generated from coal and gas
ii. Increasing the amount of electricity from clean, renewable energy sources like solar
and wind

 2. Deforestation & Tree-Clearing

i. Prevent deforestation and tree-clearing
ii. Plant more trees through reforestation and afforestation
Grp - 2

 Causes

*Burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the level of concentration of atmospheric
carbon dioxide.

*Level of methane increases due to agriculture and fossil use.

 Effects

*Burning of fossil fuels generated green house gas emissions that acts like a blanket wrapped
around the Earth trapping the Sun's heat and raising temperatures

*Due to increase in rate of Methane greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change.

 Solutions

*Plant more trees to reduce the level of carbon dioxide.

*We can reduce waste that ends up in landfills by recycling and composting.

Grp - 7

 Two causes of global warming are:

a) Overpopulation-

An increase in population means more people breathing. This leads to an increase in the

level of carbon dioxide, the primary gas causing global warming, in the atmosphere.

b) Chlorofluorocarbon-

With the excessive use of air conditioners and refrigerators, humans have been adding CFCs into
the environment which affects the atmospheric ozone layer. The ozone layer protects the earth
surface from the harmful ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun. The CFCs have led to ozone layer
depletion making way for the ultraviolet rays, thereby increasing the temperature of the earth.
  2 solutions for global warming are:

a) Global warming can be reduced by setting a high price of carbon, increasing the biofuels
production from organic waste, use of renewable energy like solar and wind power, Another step
you can take is to limit the use of electricity which will prevent the release of carbon dioxide. On
the government’s part, they must regulate industrial waste and ban them from emitting harmful
gases in the air. Deforestation must be stopped immediately and planting of trees must be
encouraged.safeguarding forests and improving energy efficiency and vehicle fuel economy.

b) it can be reduced by limiting the use of electricity which will prevent the release of carbon
dioxide. On the government’s part, they must regulate industrial waste and ban them from
emitting harmful gases in the air. Deforestation must be stopped immediately and planting of
trees must be encouraged.

Human Influences on Global Warming

Human influence has been a very serious issue now because human do not take
care the earth. Human that causes global warming are more than natural causes
global warming. The earth has been changing for many years until now it is still
changing because of modern lifestyle of human. Human activities include industrial
production, burning fossil fuel, mining, cattle rearing or deforestation.

First issue is industrial revolution. Industrial have been using fossil fuels for power
machines. Everything that we use is involved in fossil fuel. For example, when we
buy a mobile phone, the process of making mobile phone have involve machines
and machines uses fossil fuels, during the process carbon dioxide is releasing to
the atmosphere. Besides industrial, transportation such as cars is also releasing
carbon dioxide from exhaust.