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Download Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals 5th Edition Turley Test Bank online ebook textbook full chapter pdf
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Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, 5e (Turley)
Chapter 7 Urinary Drugs
1) When the blood levels of sodium and potassium are sufficient, ________.
A) not much is excreted in the urine because sodium and potassium need to be conserved
B) the kidney stops filtering sodium and potassium
C) excess is excreted in the urine
D) greater amounts are reabsorbed from the tubules back into the blood
Answer: C
Explanation: A) If the levels are sufficient, sodium and potassium do not need to be conserved.
B) The kidneys continuously filter the circulating blood.
D) If the levels are sufficient, the kidney does not need to absorb greater amounts from the
tubules back into the blood.
3) Which of the following is NOT one of the diseases treated with diuretic drugs?
A) edema associated with congestive heart failure
B) hypertension
C) renal failure
D) urinary tract infection
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Diuretic drugs ARE used to treat the edema associated with congestive heart
failure.
B) Diuretic drugs ARE used to treat hypertension.
C) Diuretic drugs ARE used to treat renal failure.
D) An antibiotic drug, not a diuretic drug is used treat an infection.
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4) The drugs chlorothiazide (Diuril), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Microzide), and metolazone
(Zaroxolyn) are examples of which category of diuretic drugs?
A) carbonic anhydrase diuretic drugs
B) loop diuretic drugs
C) osmotic diuretic drugs
D) thiazide diuretic drugs
Answer: D
Explanation: A) These drugs are not carbonic anhydrase diuretic drugs.
B) These drugs are not loop diuretic drugs.
C) These drugs are not osmotic diuretic drugs.
5) The drugs ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) and furosemide (Lasix) are examples of which category
of diuretic drugs?
A) carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic drugs
B) loop diuretic drugs
C) potassium chloride drugs
D) potassium-sparing diuretic drugs
Answer: B
Explanation: A) These drugs are not carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic drugs.
C) Potassium chloride drugs are not diuretic drugs.
D) These drugs are not potassium-sparing diuretic drugs.
7) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are treated with drugs that are specifically effective against
________.
A) gram-negative bacteria
B) burning, urgency and pain
C) gram-positive bacteria
D) viruses
Answer: A
Explanation: B) Burning, urgency, and pain may be present with a urinary tract infection, but
are not the main focus of drug treatment.
C) Gram-positive bacteria are not a frequent cause of UTIs.
D) Urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria, not by viruses.
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8) Drugs used to treat overactive bladder block the action of ________ to relax the smooth
muscle and decrease bladder contractions.
A) acetylcholine
B) alpha1-receptors
C) PDE5
D) all of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: B) Alpha1-receptor blocker drugs are used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy
(BPH), not overactive bladder.
C) The PDE5 enzyme is inhibited by drugs that are used to treat erectile dysfunction, not
overactive bladder.
D) There is only one correct answer.
9) Potassium chloride drugs are frequently prescribed for patients taking ________.
A) drugs for overactive bladder
B) flouroquinolone anti-infective drugs
C) thiazide and loop diuretic drugs
D) potassium-sparing diuretic drugs
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Drugs to treat overactive bladder do not cause the loss of potassium.
B) These drugs are used to treat urinary tract infections and do not cause the loss of potassium.
D) These drugs "spare" potassium and so potassium chloride drugs are not needed.
11) All of the following types of drugs belong to the category of diuretic drugs, EXCEPT
________.
A) androgen inhibitor
B) thiazide
C) loop
D) potassium-sparing
Answer: A
Explanation: A) This is not a diuretic drug.
B) Thiazide diuretic drugs DO belong to the category of diuretic drugs.
C) Loop diuretic drugs DO belong to the category of diuretic drugs.
D) Potassium-sparing drugs DO belong to the category of diuretic drugs.
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12) Diuretic drugs are commonly used to treat ________.
A) bladder spasm
B) hypertension
C) kidney stones
D) urinary tract infection
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Diuretic drugs are not used to treat bladder spasm.
C) Diuretic drugs are not used to treat kidney stones.
D) Diuretic drugs are not used to treat urinary tract infections.
13) What do the trade name drugs K-Tab, K-Dur, and K-Lyte have in common?
A) They are thiazide diuretic drugs.
B) They are potassium chloride drugs.
C) They are used to treat erectile dysfunction.
D) They are measured in units.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) These drugs are not thiazide diuretic drugs.
C) These drugs are not used to treat erectile dysfunction.
D) These drugs are measured in milliequivalents, not units.
14) The generic drug furosemide is related to the well-known trade name drug ________.
A) Viagra
B) Lasix
C) HCTZ
D) Pyridium
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is not the trade name of furosemide.
C) This is not the trade name of furosemide.
D) This is not the trade name of furosemide.
15) Combination trade name drugs that contain both a thiazide diuretic drug and a potassium-
sparing diuretic drug include all of the following drugs, EXCEPT ________.
A) Proscar
B) Aldactazide
C) Dyazide
D) Maxzide
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Proscar is NOT a combination diuretic drug.
B) This IS a combination thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretic drug.
C) This IS a combination thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretic drug.
D) This IS a combination thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretic drug.
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16) This drug pellet is inserted into the urethra and produces an erection in patients with erectile
dysfunction.
A) Caverject
B) Klorvess
C) Detrol
D) Muse
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Caverject is injected into the penis; it is not a pellet.
B) Klorvess is not used to treat erectile dysfunction.
C) Detrol is not used to treat erectile dysfunction.
17) Which of the following drugs is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy?
A) triamterene (Dyrenium)
B) potassium chloride (Micro-K)
C) tamsulosin (Flomax)
D) solifenacin (Vesicare)
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This drug is not used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy.
B) This drug is not used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy.
D) This drug is not used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy.
18) Which of these drug pairs is used to treat urinary tract infections?
A) Macrobid and Macrodantin)
B) Klorvess and K-Tab
C) Flomax and Hytrin
D) Cialis and Levitra
Answer: A
Explanation: B) These drugs are not used to treat urinary tract infections.
C) These drugs are not used to treat urinary tract infections.
D) These drugs are not used to treat urinary tract infections.
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20) Madeline, age 60, has difficulty with overactive bladder, urinary urgency, and occasional
urinary incontinence. Which drug did her physician prescribe for her?
A) Sanctura
B) Urogesic
C) Micro-K
D) Viagra
Answer: A
Explanation: B) Urogesic is not used to treat overactive bladder.
C) Micro-K is not used to treat overactive bladder.
D) Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction in men.
21) Which electrolyte must be given in conjunction with some diuretic drugs?
A) sodium
B) saw palmetto
C) potassium
D) all of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Sodium is an electrolyte, but it does not need to be taken in conjunction with
some diuretic drugs.
B) Saw palmetto is not an electrolyte.
D) There is only one correct answer.
22) Patients taking a thiazide or a loop diuretic drug but not taking a potassium chloride drug
could develop which of the following adverse effects?
A) hypokalemia
B) cardiac arrhythmias
C) a very low level of potassium in the blood
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
23) All of the following categories of drugs are used to treat urinary tract infections, EXCEPT
________.
A) folic acid antagonist drugs
B) prostaglandin E1 drugs
C) cephalosporin drugs
D) fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs
Answer: B
Explanation: A) These ARE used to treat urinary tract infections.
B) These drugs are used to treat erectile dysfunction.
C) These ARE used to treat urinary tract infections.
D) These ARE used to treat urinary tract infections.
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24) Cranberries are effective against urinary tract infections because ________.
A) the fructose in them prevents bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall
B) they increase the acidity of the urine
C) they suppress the growth of bacteria because bacteria prefer an alkaline environment
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
26) The trade name drug Pyridium turns the urine a ________ color.
A) blue
B) green
C) red-orange
D) all of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Pyridium does not turn the urine a blue color.
B) Pyridium does not turn the urine a green color.
D) There is only one correct answer.
27) The combining form vesic/o-, as used in the trade name drug Vesicare, means ________.
A) water
B) nephron
C) potassium
D) bladder
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The combining form vesic/o- does not mean water.
B) The combining form vesic/o- does not mean kidney.
C) The combining form vesic/o- does not mean potassium.
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28) All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT ________.
A) Folic acid antagonist drugs are used to treat urinary tract infections.
B) Folic acid antagonist drugs stimulate the formation of folic acid in bacterial cells.
C) Some bacteria need folic acid to synthesize DNA and proteins.
D) All of the above statements are true.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This statement IS true.
B) This is false because these drugs BLOCK the formation of folic acid that the bacteria need to
reproduce.
C) This statement IS true.
D) There is only one false statement.
29) Drug inserts and advertisements for PDE5 inhibitor drugs warn men to go to the emergency
room ________.
A) if they develop urinary incontinence
B) if they have an erection lasting longer than four hours
C) before they switch from one type of PDE5 inhibitor drug to another
D) if they develop a low level of potassium
Answer: B
Explanation: A) PDE5 inhibitor drugs do not cause urinary incontinence.
C) Patients cannot switch drugs unless they have consulted with the physician and the physician
writes a prescription for the other drug.
D) PDE5 inhibitor drugs do not cause a low level of potassium.
30) Which of the following statements about benign prostatic hypertrophy is FALSE?
A) The male hormone testosterone is acted on by an enzyme in prostatic cells.
B) Because the prostate is enlarged, there are symptoms of a urinary tract infection.
C) Testosterone in the prostate gland is converted to dihydrotestosterone.
D) Benign prostatic hypertrophy is a benign, not cancerous process.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This IS a true statement.
B) This statement IS false.
C) This IS a true statement.
D) This is a true statement.
31) This prescription drug was the first nonsurgical treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy
(BPH).
A) saw palmetto
B) spironolactone (Aldactone)
C) finasteride (Proscar)
D) tolterodine (Detrol)
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Saw palmetto is used to treat BPH, but it is an over-the-counter drug.
B) Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a diuretic drug; it is not used to treat benign prostatic
hypertrophy.
D) Tolterodine (Detrol) is used to treat overactive bladder, not benign prostatic hypertrophy.
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32) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Dutasteride and finasteride are androgen inhibitor drugs.
B) The packaging and drug inserts for androgen inhibitor drugs warn women not to handle these
drugs.
C) Androgen inhibitor drugs, if handled by the pregnant mother, can cause birth defects in a male
fetus.
D) All of the above statements are true.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
33) When Edward Smith mentions to you that he takes a water pill each day for his congestive
heart failure, you know that he is referring to the general category of ________ drugs.
A) potassium chloride
B) diuretic
C) erectile dysfunction
D) overactive bladder
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Potassium supplement drugs are not known as water pills.
C) Erectile dysfunction drugs are not known as water pills.
D) Drugs for overactive bladder are not known as water pills.
34) Thiazide diuretic drugs have to be prescribed carefully because they can decrease the effect
of other drugs the patient is taking. Which drugs should not be taken with thiazide diuretic
drugs?
A) insulin
B) chemotherapy drugs
C) anticoagulant drugs
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
35) All of the following are combination drugs that contain hydrochlorothiazide, EXCEPT
________.
A) Aldactazide
B) Maxzide
C) Micro-K
D) Dyazide
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Aldactazide DOES contain hydrochlorothiazide.
B) Maxzide DOES contain hydrochlorothiazide.
C) This drug contains potassium chloride, not hydrochlorothiazide.
D) Dyazide DOES contain hydrochlorothiazide.
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36) Potassium chloride drugs come in all of the following drug forms, EXCEPT ________.
A) effervescent tablets
B) powder
C) ointment
D) liquid
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Potassium chloride drugs DO come as effervescent tablets.
B) Potassium chloride drugs DO come as a powder.
C) Potassium chloride does not come as an ointment.
D) Potassium chloride drugs DO come as a liquid.
37) Which of the following is an antibiotic drug used to treat urinary tract infections?
A) methenamine (Hiprex, Urex)
B) metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
C) bethanechol (Urecholine)
D) oxybutynin (Oxytrol)
Answer: A
Explanation: B) This is a diuretic drug.
C) This drug is used to treat urinary tract spasm.
D) This drug is used to treat overactive bladder.
38) Which of the following trade name drugs is used to treat overactive bladder?
A) Enablex
B) Vesicare
C) Sanctura
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
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40) The generic drug sildenafil is related to the well-known trade name drug ________.
A) saw palmetto
B) Viagra
C) Flomax
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Saw palmetto is not a trade name drug.
C) Flomax is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy.
41) All of the following are true about saw palmetto, EXCEPT ________.
A) it is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy
B) it comes from a palm tree in the southeastern United States
C) its fruit was used by the Seminole Indians to treat genitourinary disease
D) it is a prescription drug.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true.
B) This is true.
C) This is true.
D) It is an over-the-counter dietary supplement that can be purchased without a prescription.
42) Which of the following are anticholinergic drugs that are used to treat overactive bladder?
A) Detrol
B) Enablex
C) Oxytrol
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
1) The kidneys continuously filter the circulating blood, extracting waste products of
metabolism, water, glucose, and electrolytes from the blood.
Answer: TRUE
2) The kidneys either excrete or reabsorb waste products, depending on the body's need.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The kidneys excrete all waste products and either excrete or reabsorb the other
substances, as the body needs.
3) Diuretic drugs are divided into several different categories based on the site of the drug's
action in the nephron.
Answer: TRUE
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4) Loop diuretic drugs get their name because they only act on the nephron loop.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Loop diuretic drugs act at the proximal convoluted tubules, the nephron loop, and
the distal convoluted tubule, but they derive their name from their effect at the nephron loop.
5) Potassium-sparing diuretic drugs act to "spare" potassium by keeping it in the blood and not
letting it enter the tubules.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: These drugs help potassium be reabsorbed back into the blood at the proximal
distal tubule and nephron loop.
6) Quinolone antibiotic drugs are only used to treat urinary tract infections.
Answer: TRUE
7) Some antibiotic drugs treat urinary tract infections by changing into ammonia and
formaldehyde in the urine, and this kills bacteria.
Answer: TRUE
8) Combination antibiotic drugs, such as Bactrim or Septra, are used to treat urinary tract
infections. The two drugs they contain work to block two steps in the synthesis of folic acid by
bacteria.
Answer: TRUE
9) Urinary tract analgesic drugs exert a local pain-relieving effect on the mucous membranes of
the urinary tract, even though these drugs are given orally.
Answer: TRUE
10) An androgen inhibitor drug needs to be taken for 6 to 12 months before it can be determined
if it is effective in decreasing the size of an enlarged prostrate gland.
Answer: TRUE
11) Androgen inhibitor drugs treat benign prostatic hypertrophy by inhibiting a hormone that is
present in the urinary tracts of both males and females.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The hormone testosterone is only present in males.
13) Androgen inhibitor drugs and alpha1-receptor blocker drugs are categories of drugs used to
treat benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Answer: TRUE
14) PDE5 inhibitor drugs, such as Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra, can cause a temporary loss of the
ability to see blue/green colors.
Answer: TRUE
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15) Finasteride is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (as the trade name drug Proscar), but
is also used to treat male pattern baldness (as the trade name drug Propecia).
Answer: TRUE
16) Cranberries increase the amount of potassium in the urine, which is why they are effective in
preventing urinary tract infections.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: They increase the acidity of the urine which suppresses bacterial growth.
17) Thiazide diuretic drugs can cause adverse drug reactions if given with some types of
anticoagulant drugs, insulin, or chemotherapy drugs.
Answer: TRUE
18) Most patients prefer taking liquid potassium chloride drugs (because of their pleasant taste).
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Patients often object to the taste of liquid potassium chloride drugs.
19) The combination antibiotic and anti-infective drugs Bactrim and Septra are prescribed for
urinary tract infections and infection of the prostate gland (prostatitis).
Answer: TRUE
20) Viagra is injected into the penis to treat a patient with erectile dysfunction.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Viagra is an oral drug; Caverject or Edex are injected into the penis.
21) Prostaglandin E1 drugs cause vasodilation to treat erectile dysfunction, but they are also used
to keep open a patent ductus arteriosus to sustain life in a newborn with a congenital heart defect.
Answer: TRUE
22) Jalyn is a combination drug that contains the generic drugs dutasteride and tamsulosin and is
used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Answer: TRUE
23) Gelnique is in the drug form of a gel and is used to treat overactive bladder.
Answer: TRUE
24) The ending -afil is common to generic PDE5 inhibitor drugs that are used to treat erectile
dysfunction.
Answer: TRUE
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7.3 Short Answer Questions
1) As excess electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium) are excreted, they hold water to them
by means of ________ pressure and this increases the volume of urine.
Answer: osmotic
2) ________ diuretic drugs act at the nephron loop and the distal convoluted tubule in the
nephron. There, they block sodium and potassium from being reabsorbed from the tubule back
into the blood.
Answer: Thiazide
4) The presence of the letter ________ in every trade name of a potassium supplement refers to
the symbol for the chemical element of potassium.
Answer: K
5) Urinary tract ________ drugs relax the smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary tract to treat
spasms caused by infection, catheterization, or kidney stones.
Answer: antispasmodic
6) Potassium chloride drugs doses are measured in mEq. The abbreviation mEq stands for
________.
Answer: milliequivalent
7) There are several types of drugs used to treat UTIs. The abbreviation UTI stands for
________.
Answer: urinary tract infection
8) BPH is common in men over age 50, with the incidence increasing with age. The abbreviation
BPH stands for ________.
Answer: benign prostatic hypertrophy
9) The abbreviation HCTZ stands for the generic diuretic drug name ________.
Answer: hydrochlorothiazide
11) The important electrolyte ________ is often excreted in excessive amounts in the urine due
to the action of some diuretic drugs.
Answer: hydrochlorothiazide
12) When Edward Smith mentions to you that he takes a water pill each day for his congestive
heart failure, you know he is referring to the general category of ________ drugs.
Answer: diuretic
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13) The loss of potassium due to a diuretic drug can cause the adverse effect of ________, a very
low level of potassium in the blood.
Answer: hypokalemia
14) The trade name NegGram was selected by the drug company because the drug is effective
against gram-________ bacteria in the urine.
Answer: negative
15) The fruit and juice of the ________ are a natural way to prevent and treat urinary tract
infections.
Answer: cranberry
16) The trade name drugs Urispas, Anaspaz, and Cystospaz are all used to treat ________ of the
urinary tract.
Answer: spasm
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7.4 Matching Questions
Match the drugs in Column 1 with their correct drug category in Column 2.
1) dutasteride (Avodart)
2) terazosin (Hytrin)
3) furosemide (Lasix)
4) K-Dur
8) sildenafil (Viagra)
9) spironolactone (Aldactone)
Answers: 1) I 2) B 3) H 4) F 5) G 6) D 7) E 8) C 9) A 10) J
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7.5 Essay Questions
1) What is the difference between a potassium-sparing diuretic drug and a potassium chloride
drug?
Answer: Potassium-sparing diuretic drugs help potassium be reabsorbed from the proximal
convoluted tubule and nephron loop back into the blood; thus, they "spare" (conserve) potassium
and keep it from being excreted in the urine. Potassium chloride (KCl) drugs are frequently
prescribed for patients taking a thiazide diuretic drug or a loop diuretic drug in order to avoid
excessive loss of the electrolyte potassium.
2) Erectile dysfunction is the inability of a man to achieve and maintain an erection during sexual
intercourse. Explain the steps involved in obtaining an erection, and explain how drugs are used
to treat erectile dysfunction.
Answer: Sexual stimulation in the male activates the chemical cGMP, which relaxes smooth
muscle in the arteries of the penis. This increases blood flow to the penis, and creates an erection.
Afterwards, the enzyme PDE5 metabolizes cGMP, and the erection subsides. PDE5 inhibitor
drugs inhibit the enzyme PDE5 and so cGMP is not metabolized and the erection is sustained.
Prostaglandin E1 drugs act locally to relax the smooth muscle in the arteries of the penis,
increase blood flow to the penis and create an erection.
3) Her physician has placed Nancy Jones on a thiazide diuretic drug, and she is taking it; but she
does not like to take multiple drugs and so has decided not to take the prescribed potassium
chloride drug. She states she will just eat a banana each day instead. What information would
you, as a healthcare professional, want to share with her?
Answer: Although foods, such as bananas, are rich in potassium, dietary sources alone are
usually not enough to replenish the loss of potassium. Patients who take a thiazide diuretic drug
or a loop diuretic drug should also take an oral potassium chloride drug so that they do not
develop hypokalemia.
4) Discuss three reasons why cranberry juice is effective in preventing and treating urinary tract
infections.
Answer: Cranberries are acidic, and they temporarily increase the acidity of the urine; this
suppresses the growth of bacteria because bacteria prefer an alkaline environment. Also,
cranberry juice contains the simple sugar fructose, which acts as an anti-adhesion factor that
keeps bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall.
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accurate. A glaring instance of inaccuracy is abundantly apparent in
his account of this very journey over the ice, from the demolished
blockhouse to York, the capital of Upper Canada. He asserts that
this journey was performed from the coast of Lake Huron, across
Lake Michigan, to the town of York—an exploit which any one, by
slightly inspecting a map of North America, will instantly see is
impossible to be accomplished.
After Sir Edward Owen was appointed to the command of the
British naval force upon the Canadian lakes, he gave Clapperton an
acting order as a lieutenant, and appointed him to the command of
the Confiance schooner. This was a situation, which, as it implied
more responsibility than any he had hitherto held, likewise allowed
him a greater degree of liberty than he could have enjoyed, had he
been assigned a birth on board of a vessel commanded by a
superior officer. When, therefore, he had the command of the
Confiance, he was in the habit of making excursions into the forests
on the coast, both of lake Huron and lake Erie, for the purpose of
shooting game. While engaged in these excursions, he cultivated an
acquaintance with several of the Indian tribes. The romantic turn of
his mind led him not only to delight to associate with those aboriginal
inhabitants of America, but also to adopt their manners and customs,
and even to acquire their language. He became a great favourite
among them; for he sometimes treated them with feasts, and on
these occasions they used to fire a feu de joie in honour of him as
their benefactor. At one time, indeed, he entertained serious
intentions of uniting himself to the Indians, marrying a princess, and
thereby becoming a chief among them; and actually assumed the
distinctive badge of the Huron nation. This romantic and foolish
design was, however, soon relinquished; but the feasts which he had
given to the chiefs led to deficiency in his accounts to the victualling
department; and this deficiency was afterwards deducted from his
half pay, and was the means of involving him in pecuniary difficulties,
from which he was not altogether relieved till after his return from his
first expedition from Africa.
But notwithstanding this fact, he was a most active, diligent, and
efficient officer, while he served upon the lakes; so that it was the
wish of Sir Edward Owen that the acting order which he had given
him should be confirmed by the Board of Admiralty; and for this end
Clapperton sent it to his uncle in London; but as the Board of
Admiralty had just promoted a great number of naval officers, they
refused to confirm his commission at that time. It was the feeling of
disappointment arising from this refusal which made him form the
design of permanently connecting himself with the Indians. When he
went on shore to visit his friends among these tribes, he did not
always order a boat to be in attendance upon him to bring him on
board; but when he regarded it as time to return, he used to plunge
into the water with his clothes on, swim along side of the schooner,
and hail the people on board to take him up. This rash mode of
proceeding, however, nearly cost him his life; for on one occasion he
encountered a strong current which bore him away from his own
schooner, the Confiance; and it was with difficulty he could make
himself be heard, as in distress, and unable to bear up against the
stream, by the men on board the schooner commanded by
Lieutenant Adam Gordon, who sent a boat to fetch him on board.
This adventure put an end to the exploits of swimming to and from
the vessel, when he had occasion to be on shore. While he served
on the lakes, he was distinguished by another singular practice. In
the midst of winter he was in the habit of causing the ice to be
broken daily for the purpose of making an opening in which he might
bathe. He used to say, he felt a shock when he first plunged into the
cold water, but that this was followed by a pleasant glow. The place
which was broken in the ice, for the indulgence of this luxury, was
with great propriety designated “Clapperton’s bath,” as no one else
chose to participate with him in this species of pleasure. Yet amidst
all these singularities he never neglected his duty as an officer; he
loved to keep the sailors upon the alert; and when he rowed guard,
he delighted to surprise the sentinels.
Like most other Scotsmen, when at a distance from their native
land, he displayed a strong feeling of amor patriæ, and was
particularly attentive to any of his countrymen he happened to meet
with abroad, a fact which perhaps laid the foundation of his
attachment to Mackenzie. At any rate, when he was on the lakes,
there happened to be some species of merry-making among the
officers, when he met, for the first time, a gentleman from Edinburgh,
belonging to the medical department. As he had a very youthful
appearance, Clapperton supposed that he must be inexperienced,
and from a sincere desire to be serviceable to him, he took him aside
and advised him always to maintain his rights, gave him some sage
advice about his dress, and decorated his right thigh with a brilliant,
scarlet-coloured watch ribbon. This gentleman took all in good part,
assumed the aspect of the greenhorn which Clapperton supposed
him to be, and allowed him both to direct and decorate him as he
pleased. But when he understood that he was of considerable
standing in the service, he came to him and apologized for his
mistake—a thing which was of course accepted, and the curious
incident proved the commencement of a sincere and firm friendship
on both sides.
By this time our hero had become acquainted with Dr. Oudney, at
whose house we have had the pleasure of occasionally meeting him;
and when the Doctor was appointed to his exploratory expedition to
Africa, he expressed, through the medium of the common friend of
both, and to whose information we have been much indebted in
drawing up our memoir of their lives, his desire to be attached to the
mission. Clapperton could not boast the possession of much either
of the literary or the scientific knowledge requisite to constitute the
intelligent traveller; but he was distinguished for other qualities fitted
to render him a valuable acquisition to any mission similar to that to
the accomplishment of which Dr. Oudney had been appointed. The
portrait prefixed to the “Journal of his second Expedition,” shows that
his figure was tall, strong, and manly. He had a fine bust, and his
whole frame combined length of arm, great strength, weight, and
agility—circumstances which the portrait does not sufficiently
represent, and is also deficient in expressing his fine lion-like
forehead and eye. We have seen that he was endowed with a
constitution of almost invincible strength, that he possessed a most
enterprising disposition of mind, great conscientiousness in the
discharge of duty, and a heart alive to the kindly impressions of
compassion, and capable of strong and steady friendship. Such a
travelling companion was likely to be a treasure to a man like Dr.
Oudney; and he had the pleasure to be informed that his application
to have Clapperton attached to the mission was granted.
Accordingly, in the autumn of 1821, the travellers left Scotland for
London, with the view of then commencing their expedition to the
interior of Africa. In a letter to a friend dated London, September 1,
1821, Clapperton says, he had been supplied with arms, and had got
instruments of his own choosing, and mentions the sextant as the
most complete he had ever seen; he states to his friend that he had
had several agreeable interviews with his uncle; and adds, that he
was just on the eve of setting off for Falmouth. His next letter to the
same gentleman was written at Mourzuk, May 20, 1822, in which he
tells his friend that his health had continued vigorous, although the
heat was 106 degrees of Fahrenheit, in the shade; and says, that
Oudney was much admired by the ladies for the blackness of his
beard, and himself for the strength of his mustachoes. Oudney in a
postscript on the same sheet, says, “Clapperton is just the old man.
He is a strange-looking figure with his long sandy coloured beard
and mustachoes. You would smile were you to see him smoking his
pipe, and calling to his servant, Waddy ama simpri, or fill my pipe.” In
a subsequent letter from the same place, to the same
correspondent, Clapperton speaks in praise of the Tuaricks, whom
by this time, (Sept. 1822) he had visited. He says they are a fine
warlike race, who fear nothing but the devil and his agents, that they
offered to convey both him and Oudney to Timbuctoo; and adds,
“They wished me much to take a wife amongst them, but I said she
would have to go to Bournou and England with me, which got me out
of the scrape with a good grace, as their women never leave their
country, and those who marry them must stay with them.” And the
fact is that our hero very soon found himself as much at home
among the wild Tauricks, who traverse the sandy deserts of
Sahaara, as he had formerly done among the Indians who dwell in
the midst of the forests of Canada.
It would seem that Clapperton did not regard it as any part of his
duty to keep a separate journal while Oudney lived; nor was it
necessary, as they were generally together in all the excursions
which they made in Fezzan, and their joint observations were
combined by the Doctor into the same narrative, to which he put his
own name. But the case was greatly altered after the arrival of the
travellers in Bournou, where Oudney was seized with the illness
which terminated in death, upon the 12th of January, 1824. After this
mournful event, Clapperton, sick and sorrowful as he was,
proceeded onward to Kano, with the view of visiting Sackatoo, as
was originally intended. He reached this city, (as may be seen in his
printed journal) upon the 16th of March, and had many interviews
and long conversations with the sultan, Bello. He remained at
Sackatoo till the 4th of May, when he began to retrace his steps,—
again reached Kuka upon the 8th of July, and arrived in London in
the summer of 1825. Clapperton and Denham came from Tripoli to
Leghorn, sent the animals and baggage home by sea, under the
charge of Hillman, their only surviving companion, while they
themselves crossed the Alps, and on the 1st of June, 1825, they
reported their arrival in England to Earl Bathurst, under whose
auspices the mission had been sent to Africa.