PROJECT REPORT

(Submitted for the Degree of B.Com (Honours) in Accounting & Finance under
the University of Calcutta)

Title of the project

COMMERCIALIZATION OF SPORTS
IN INDIA– INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE

Submitted by

Name of the Candidate: SURAJIT PATRA

Registration No.: 224-1114-1066-21
 Name of the College: SETH ANANDRAM JAIPURIA COLLEGE

College Roll No.: 2114

University Roll No.: 211224-21-0381
Supervised by
Name of the Supervisor: Prof. SABA PARVEEN

Name of the College: SETH ANANDRAM JAIPURIA COLEGE

Month & Year of Submission:

June, 2024

Annexure – IA:
Supervisor’s Certificate
This is to certify that, Mr. Surajit Patra, a student of B.Com Honours in
Accounting & Finance of SETH ANANDRAM JAIPURIA COLLEGE under
University of Calcutta has worked under my supervision and guidance for his
Project Work and prepared the project report with the title:
“COMMERCIALIZATION OF SPORTS IN INDIA– INDIAN PREMIER
LEAGUE (An Overview).”
Which he is submitting, is his genuine and original work to the best of my
knowledge.
Place: Kolkata
Signature
Date:
Name: PROF. SABA PARVEEN
Designation: Lecturer
SETH ANANDRAM JAIPURIA COLLEGE

Annexure – IB:
Students Declaration: I hereby declare that the Project Work with the title
COMMERCIALIZATION
OF SPORTS IN INDIA – INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE (AN OVERVIEW)
submitted by me for the partial fulfillment of the degree of B.Com. Honours in
Accounting & Finance under the University OF Calcutta is my original work
and has not been submitted earlier to any other University/Institution for the
fulfillment of the requirement for any course of study. I also declare that no
chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part has been incorporated in this
report from any earlier work done by me or others. However,
Extracts of any literature which has been used for this report has been duly
acknowledged providing details of such literature in the references.
Place: Kolkata
Signature
Date:
Name: SURAJIT PATRA
Address: GIRISH PARK, Kol-06
Reg. No: 224-1114-1066-21

Before we get into thick of things, I would like to

add a few words of appreciation for the people
who has been a part of this project right from its
inception. The writing of this project has been one
of the significant academic challenges I have
faced. Without Patience & guidance of the people
 involved, this task would not has been completed.
It is to them I owe my deepest gratitude.
I express my heart filled thanks to Prof. Saba
Parveen for her valuable guidance and to bring this
project in time.

CHAPTERS TOPIC PAGE NO.

TOPIC
PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION
 Background
 Literature of Review
 Methodology
1.  Need For The Study
 Objective of The study
 Limitations
2.
Conceptual Framework

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION & ANALYSIS OF

3. DATA
• Presentation of data analysis
• Findings

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

4. • Conclusion
• Recommendation

BIBLIOGRAPHY
5.
ANNEXURE
6. • Questionnaire
CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND

 Definition of "Commercialization"

The process by which a new product or service is introduced into the general
market. Commercialization is broken into phases, from the initial introduction
of the product through its mass production and adoption. It takes into account
the production, distribution, marketing, sales and customer support required to
achieve commercial success. As a strategy, commercialization requires that a
business develop a marketing plan, determine how the product will be supplied
to the market and anticipate barriers to success.

 Commercialization of Sports
 The commercialization of sports is that aspect of the sports enterprise that
involves the sale, display, or use of sport or some aspect of sport so as to
produce income, in course to make the sport better, with more world-class
facilities.
When India won the first world cup of cricket in 1983 then the prize money
was 14.3 lacks but in 2024 the prize money was 33 cores because the sponsored
form all around the world contribute for the cricket world cup. This sum of
money indicates that the cricket has progressed lot in field of
commercialization. The all credit goes to the spectators that love cricket more
than thoughts.

1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Year Serial No. Author Name of the Findings

Project
2017 Ravi Bhushan Adding to To examine the
1. economic growth impact of IPL in
in India through Indian
commercialization cricketgovernance,
of cricket revenue generation
and job security of
the cricketers to
some extent.
2017 Subhadeep Dutta Commercialization To establish sports
2 of sports in India- as a sector in India
Pre and post
globalization era
2016 Dr. Raj Yadav Commercialization Growth point of
3. of sports and economy by
competitive law commercialization
 of sport.
2015 Amay Study of the Sports facilities
4. Yeravdekar factors impacting given at schools or
the colleges leads to
commercialization effective
of professional commercialization
sport of sports.
2012 Amber A. Smith, Exploring the To provide
5. David P. degree of practitioners of
Synowka and commercialization management and
John S. Clark associated with interested scholars
sports marketing insights to
activities. commercialization
of sports through
corporate
sponsorship

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

IPL is one of the biggest cricket tournaments of the world. There is a lot
happening behind the scenes. The money, fame, fans; all make IPL larger than
life.
So, what makes IPL such a Huge Brand? What are the investments behind
it?
How teams make a profit? How do the brands associated with them gains?
These economics behind the IPL make me think & fascinate about it.
This is the reason why I took this project.
1.4 Methodology

Study is voyage from known to unknown. It is a procedure of logical and

systemic application of the fundamentals of skill to the general & overall
questions of a study and technique which provide precise tools, specific
procedure and technical rather than philosophical means for getting and
ordering the data prior to their logical analysis and manipulation. Different
types of study are available depending upon the nature of project, availability of
able man power and circumstances.

NEED FOR THE STUDY

Indian Premier League (IPL): An Introduction:

The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a Twenty20 cricket championship league in

India. It was initiated by Lalit Modi and the Board of Control for Cricket in
India (BCCI), after an altercation between the BCCI and the Indian Cricket
League. The league is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and is currently
supervised by BCCI Vice-President Rajeev Shukla, who serves as the league's
chairman and Commissioner. It is contested by ten teams as of 2024, consisting
of players from around the cricketing world.
The Premier League is generally considered to be the highest-profile showcase
in the world for Twenty20 (T20) cricket, the shortest form of professional
cricket with just 20 over's per innings, but the IPL is perhaps as well known for
its commercial success as for the cricket played – during the sixth IPL season,
in 2024, its brand value was estimated to be around US$10.7 billion.
Live rights to the event are syndicated around the globe, and in 2010, the IPL
became the first sporting event to be broadcast live on YouTube. In 2012 the
naming rights for the series was awarded to Pepsi. Two eligible bids were
received, with Pepsi winning over Airtel with a bid of 3968 million. However,
the league has been the subject of several controversies where allegations of
cricket betting, money laundering and spot fixing were witnessed.
The income of BCCI over a period of 5-10 year is in US billion dollars.
Previously, The about television right was purchased by Sony Entertainment
and World sports group for 10 year in US $ 1.91 million. The biggest Indian
property developer DLF group paid US$50 million to the title sponsorship of
the tournament for 3 years from 2008 to 2010. The company likes Hero Honda
deal in $22.5 million, PepsiCo deal in $12.01 billion, Kingfisher deal in $26.5
million. The IPL negotiated a contract with the Canadian company Live Current
Media Inc. to run and operate its portals and the minimum guarantee has been
negotiated at US $50 million over the next 10 years. The official website of the
tournament is www.iplt20.com. DCI Mobile Studios (A division of Dot Com
Infoway Limited), in conjunction with Sigma Ventures of Singapore, have
jointly acquired the rights to be the exclusive mobile application partner and
rights holder for the Indian Premier League cricket matches worldwide for the
next 8 years. Presently, The BCCI on Saturday awarded the title sponsorship rights for the
Indian Premier League to TATA Group for a period of five years. The Indian conglomerate,
with diverse verticals, has renewed its association with the BCCI for a record-breaking value
of INR 2500 crore—the highest-ever sponsorship amount in the history of the league.
The TATA Group previously held the title sponsorship rights for the IPL in 2022 and 2023
and is also the title sponsor of the Women’s Premier League, the biggest women’s T20
league in the world.

1.6 LIMITATIONS
 Since time duration is short it was not possible to conduct elaborate
study.

 The study has been done mainly for academic purpose and duration of
the project is a major constraint.

 The Project data can be valid up to fixed period, Hence there are
chances of changes in the findings and result obtained.

 Information, are based on minimal approximation, get from the expert,

as these could not be managed appropriately from the company.

 The effect of price inflation impacts negatively on the purchase of the

motor cycles.

 The respondents may not give me the correct data.

 It begin my first attempt to undertake such a study, thus the

inexperience is also an obstacle to accomplish the project in a proper
way.
CHAPTER 2:
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
IPL Cricket Facts, Statistics & Trends: (IPL 2024)
Revenue and Soaring Viewership of IPL 2024 Cricket season:
2023–2027: Star Sports and JioCinema
The next cycle of IPL media rights will last from 2023 to 2027 and will be put to auction. In this auction,
the broadcasting rights were divided into four packages. Package A was for domestic television rights, and
Package B was for domestic digital rights. Package C was for the digital rights of eighteen non-exclusive
matches, and Package D was for international television and digital rights, further divided into four groups.
On 13 June 2022, it was reported the packages for domestic television and streaming rights had fetched at
least ₹397.75 billion (nearly US$5.1 billion) in total, doubling the value of the 2018–2022 contract.
The next day, it was announced that Star Sports had renewed its contract for television rights by winning
package A, and that a Viacom18 consortium had exclusively acquired the streaming rights by winning
both Package B and C. The two contracts for Package A and B are cumulatively valued at around US$6.2
billion; with the new contracts, the IPL overtook the Premier League in English football as the second
highest-valued sports media property worldwide, behind only the NFL, whose new media contracts taking
effect in the 2023 season cumulatively fetched US$111 billion.
In February 2023, Viacom18 announced it would stream the 2023 IPL for free on JioCinema with feeds in
12 languages, including English and regional languages, and in 4K resolution. The same month, The Walt
Disney Company reported its loss of the IPL had contributed to a net loss of 2.4
million Disney+ subscribers worldwide, primarily in India.
Ahead of the 2023 IPL, Star launched HD feeds of Star Sports 1 in Tamil and Telugu and announced its
free-to-air channel Star Utsav Movies would carry twelve matches. It was anticipated viewership of Star
Sports' broadcasts may not be heavily impacted by the Jio deal due to its existing market reach (including
as rights holder of India's home matches) and viewers who preferred linear television due to being less
familiar with over-the-top services, or concerns over technical issues associated with such services.
JioCinema reported the IPL had 1.4 billion views on the service over the opening weekend, which was
higher than the entirety of the 2022 season on Disney+ Hotstar. The 2023 final set a record for the most
concurrent viewers of a livestreamed event, peaking at over 32 million viewers (surpassing a record of
25.3 million set by Hotstar during the 2019 Cricket World Cup).

The Advertising and Sponsorships Business spending of IPL17 2024:

 Rs 2500+ Crores: Advertisers have bet more than Rs 2,500 crore on

Indian Premier League (IPL) Season 17 so far.
 100+ Brands: More than 100 brands riding the IPL 10 through direct
 advertising or sponsorships or innovative associations with teams. This
includes big as well small and even local brands such as Raindrops
basmati rice, Noida International University, Amity University, Live-In
Jeans, Sheltrex, RN Sports, Gilpin Travel Management and Sanskar
School.
 25%+ increase in advertising revenue for MSIMPL: Last year, Multi
Sereen Media Pvt Ltd (MSMPL) had managed to get only seven sponsors
on board and clocked in over Rs 700 crore through advertising. This year,
it has 18 sponsors (, ) and 90 per cent of its ad inventory is already sold
and it is hopeful of closing the season with revenues in the excess of Rs
900 crore. MSM began by selling its inventory at around Rs 4-4.5 lakh,
but a new advertiser wanting to hop on to the network at this stage will
have to shell out around Rs 5.5 lakh per 10 seconds. A similar prime-time
TV spot on the most popular entertainment shows such as Bigg Boss or
KBC costs around Rs 1-2.5 lakh.
 Branding on Jerseys: For example the cost of sponsoring the fronts of
jerseys for Mumbai Indians ranges between Rs 8 crore and Rs 22 crore;
backs of jerseys are priced at around Rs 10-12 crore. Etihad Airways’
logo will appear on the back of shirts worn by the Mumbai Indians for
home matches and the Jet Airways logo will be featured in the same
position for other matches to be held away from home. Videocon D2H
has continued with its association as the principal sponsor for the
Mumbai Indians franchise. Under the agreement, the logo of Videocon
D2H will prominently feature on the front of the jersey of Mumbai
Indians players. This year, almost all franchisees have sold a minimum of
10 active spots on their players' attire. The active spots referred to by
Karnik include lead chest, right upper chest, lead arm, non-lead arm, back
of the jersey, on cap, on the front and the back of the helmet, lead trousers
and non-lead trousers.
 GroupM is the country's largest media buying house and has facilitated
deals worth Rs 75 crore between various brands and IPL stakeholders.
  Sponsorships the single-largest source of revenue: Sponsorships have
emerged as the single-largest source of revenue for IPL franchisees,
following their share in the central pool (includes media rights and the
sponsorships that IPL management ties up with brands). According to
estimates gathered from franchisees, different teams have tied up
anywhere between Rs 25 crore and Rs 45 crore worth of sponsorship and
partnership deals. Almost all of the old teams have close to 20 tie-ups
with different brands.

Value at which new deals have been struck has gone up by almost 100%:

The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2024 kicked off on March 22 and is set to wrap

on May 26, 2024. With 10 teams batting for victory and a total of 72 players sold,

including 30 overseas players, an INR 230.45 crore was spent on the Auction.

Similarly, brands have followed suit with manufacturing, finance and

entertainment sectors leading the sponsorship of the IPL teams this year.

The BCCI awarded the title sponsorship rights for the Indian Premier League to

TATA Group for five years. The company has renewed its association for a value

of INR 2500 crore—the highest-ever sponsorship amount in the history of the

league. The TATA Group previously held the title sponsorship rights for the IPL in

2022 and 2023.

Associate Partners include My11Circle, Angel One and RuPay while the Official

Broadcaster is Star Sports, operated by Disney Star and the Official Digital

Streaming Partner happens to be Jio Cinema, operated by Viacom18. The IPL

2023-27 media rights have earned INR 48,390 crores (digital+TV). Across five

years of media rights, a total of 410 matches will be played where BCCI earns an

estimated INR 118 crore per match.

Disney Star retained the TV rights by paying INR 23,575 crore (INR 57.5

crore/game) while Viacom18 bagged the digital rights with a winning bid of INR

23,578 crore.

The Official Strategic Timeout Partner for IPL is CEAT and the Umpire Partner is

PayTM.

Digital Streaming Partners

JioCinema, the digital streaming platform, has partnered with 18 sponsors and 250

advertisers. Dream11, a fantasy sports platform, is the copresenting sponsor, while

Tata Motors, PayZapp by HDFC Bank, SBI, Cred, AMFI, Upstox, Charged by

Thumbs Up, Britannia, Pepsi, Parle products, Google Pixel, Haier, Jindal Steel,

Vodafone, Dalmia Cements, Kamla Pasand and Rapido are the associate sponsors.

FMCG brands like Britannia, Parle Products, Mars chocolates, Tata Consumer

Products, and Havmor Ice Cream have come on board to advertise on the platform.

Along with this, automobile brands like Maruti, Apollo Tyres, Ashok Leyland, and

JK Tyres are also on board.

From the finance sector, brands like PayZapp by HDFC Bank, SBI, Cred, AMFI,

ICICI Mutual Fund, and LIC have secured ad slots.

Player Auctions and prices for IPL 17 2024:

IPL 2024 Player Auction list announced

The roster for the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2024 Player Auction has been unveiled,
featuring 333 cricketers scheduled to go under the gavel in Dubai at the Coca-Cola Arena on
December 19th, 2023.
Out of 333 players, 214 are Indians and 119 are overseas players of which 2 players are from
associate nations. The total capped players are 116, uncapped players are 215 and 2 from
associate nations.
A maximum of 77 slots are now available with up to 30 being slotted for overseas players.
INR 2 crore is the highest reserve price with 23 players choosing to be slotted in the highest
bracket.
13 players are in the auction list with a base price of INR 1.5 crore.
Business happening behind the scenes:
Launched in 2007, the IPL quickly captured the nation's imagination. But its
true genius lies in its watertight revenue model, a potent blend of:
Broadcast Rights: This is the IPL's golden goose. The 2024 media rights deal
shattered records, fetching a staggering $16.8 million per match, dwarfing the likes of the
NBA ($1.1 million) and Bundesliga ($4.6 million). Talk about leaving the competition in the
dust!

Sponsorships: From team jerseys to on-ground branding, sponsorships are another

major earner. Big brands vie for a piece of the IPL pie, creating a win-win for franchises and
the league.

Central Pool of Revenue: Here's a twist. Unlike some leagues, the BCCI (Board of
Control for Cricket in India) shares an approximately 50% portion of central revenue with all
franchises. This ensures financial stability and a level playing field.

Merchandise Sales: From jerseys to team merchandise, fans proudly sport their
favorite franchise's colors. This not only fuels passion but also brings in handsome profits.

Digital Domination: With the advent of OTT platforms and digital viewership, the
IPL has expanded its revenue horizons beyond traditional broadcast. Streaming rights are a
hot commodity, with platforms eager to host the cricketing carnival.

 IPL Online Viewership Facts: Statistics & Trends on Digital IPL

viewership:
More than 350 billion minutes of the T20 tournament was watched on the
Viacom18-owned streaming platform. The 2024 Indian Premier League
(IPL) season was watched by 620 million viewers on Viacom18-owned
JioCinema, which was a 38 per cent increase on the previous campaign. 30
May 2024

Key Takeways:
 How a Franchise makes money:

 The 15th edition of the Indian Premier League (IPL) is here now in 2024, and
naturally, we are in the midst of the cricket frenzy with players set in action, the
religious fans of the game all thrilled and waiting for their favourite matches, and
the franchise owners and other businessmen anticipating great returns out of it.
The Twenty20 Cricket League allows the best cricket players around the world
and gives them a chance to showcase their talent. The key business plan of the
IPL is to invite private companies to buy cricket franchises.
 The franchises are sold at huge prices, so the corporates are largely attracted to
invest in various other major components of IPL. Regarding the Indian Premier
League auctions, teams spend crores of rupees just to get the desired players.
With the kind of money involved in the league, it is hard to ignore the financial
aspects of the game. In terms of the valuation, the IPL brand value was calculated
to be $10.7 billion as of 2022.

 According to BCCI, the 2021 IPL season contributed INR 1150 crores, which
is close to $182 million to the GDP of the Indian Economy. The viewership of
IPL 2023 reached the 449 million viewer mark and was watched by more than
 427.1 billion minutes, which is 14% higher than the total watch time of IPL 2019.
Therefore, IPL is as much about business as it is about cricket, glitz and showbiz.
Here are the right prominent ways to answer how do IPL teams make money.

What did the IPL Victory mean for KKR (Money wise):
(DATA HAS BEEN PRESENTED BASED ON THE 2012 VICTORY OF KOLKATA KNIGHT RIDERS OF THE
FIFTH EDITION OF IPL)
Here are some real statistics about how the winner of IPL 5 benefits from the
win and how it impacts the business and money it makes:

 The IPL 5 Player costs: It is estimated KKR spent about Rs 100 crore,
including Rs 50 crore for hiring players, this season. Four players –
Gautam Gambhir, Jacques Kallis, Sunil Narine and Yusuf Pathan – alone
cost KKR Rs 30 crore.
 The IPL 5 Winner's Prize Money: When Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)
beat two-time defending champion Chennai Super Kings to win their first
ever title in the Indian Premier League (IPL) on Sunday night, the
Knights not only shed their underachievers’ tag, but also pocketed Rs 10
crore in prize money, ensuring that the T20 cricket franchise was able to
make profit this season.
 Sponsorship Money: KKR, have 18 sponsors, the highest among all
teams. After the win, KKR may also increase in sponsorship rates for
next year. A lot of existing sponsors have contracts which have a
mandatory 10 per cent cost increase clause in-built within the contracts,
but they might ask more of new sponsors from next year. The cost of a
non-jersey partnership with KKR is Rs 60 lakh and a jersey sponsorship
is upwards of Rs 1.5 crore. This year, KKR made roughly Rs 35 crore
from sponsorships. KKR's sponsors include Nokia, Birla Sun Life, Dish
TV, ITC Vivel, Rose Valley, Royal Stag, Concast Steel, Bisk Farm
Biscuits, Coca-Cola, Emta, Manyavar, Freecultr and The Telegraph.
 Ticket Sales Money: KKR hosts teams at the 65,000-capacity Eden
Gardens. This year, revenue from ticket sales was bolstered by the Rs 35-
lakh entertainment tax relaxation that KKR got from the state
government. Eight matches were played at Eden Gardens, and KKR sold
40,000 tickets a game at denominations of Rs 300, Rs 700 and Rs 1,500.
Also, 10 corporate boxes costing Rs 10 lakh each were sold per game.

 The Business Benefit for sponsors:

 The instant brand recall that the jersey logo creates works out for Rose
Valley Group which paid Rs 5 crore for a place on the KKR jersey.
 KKR brand value can be considered to have more brand value since
North, West and South have more than one team to support and the East
has just KKR. This means as a brand, KKR has a larger following than
any other team.
 For any team to gain in brand value, three metrics have to be in place –
core product quality or the quality of cricket played, marketing
effectiveness, and governance. While KKR have consistently been a
brand to reckon with, given Shah Rukh Khan's star power and marketing
prowess, the team has never been known for its performance, making the
playoffs for the first time in the past four seasons last year. Their win will
change this, ensuring that the KKR franchise's value gets a major push.
 Also, the issues around governance and controversies that surrounded
KKR seem to have been sorted out.

CHAPTER-3
DATA
PRESENTATION,
ANALYSIS &
FINDINGS
  Analysis & Findings-At a Glance:

TEAMS CITY STATE HOMEGROUND DEBUT CAPTAIN HEADCOACH OWNERS

CHENNAI SUPER CHENNAI TAMIL NADU M.A. CHIDAMBARAM 2008 RITURAJ STEPHEN CHENNAI
KINGS STADIUM GAIKWAD FLEMING SUPER
KINGS
CRICKET
LTD.

DELHI NEW DELHI DELHI ARUN JAITLEY STADIUM 2008 RISHAB PANT RICKY JMR
CAPITALS PONTING SPORTS
PVT LTD.

GSW PVT
LTD.

GUJRAT TITANS AHMEDABAD GUJRAT NAFRENDRAMODI 2022 SHUBMAN GIL ASISH NEHRA CVC
STADIUM CAPITAL
PARTNERS

KOLKATA KOLKATA WEST BENGAL EDEN GARDENS 2008 SHREYAS IYER CBHDRAKANT KNIGHT
KNIGHT RIDERS PANDIT RIDERS
PANDIT
LTD.

LUCKNOW LUCKNOW UTTAR PRADESH BRSABV EKANA STADIUM 2022 KL RAHUL JUSTIN LANGER RP-SANJIV
SUPER GIANTS GOENKA
GROUP

MUMBAI MUMBAI MAHARASHTRA WANKHEDE STADIUM 2008 SHIKHAR TREVOR KPH

INDIANS DHAWAN BAYLISS DREAM
CRICKET
PVT.LTD

RAJASTHAN JAIPUR RAJASTHAN SAWAI MANSINGH 2008 SANJU SAMSON KUMARA THE
ROYALS STADIUM SANGAKARA ROYALS
SPORTS
GROUP
ROYALS BENGALURU KARNATAKA M.CHINNASWAMI STADIUM 2008 FAF DU PLESIS ANDY FLOWER UNITED
CHALLENGERS SPIRITS

Defunct teams

TEAMS CITY STATE HOME DEBUT Dissolved Owner(s)

GROUND

Deccan Hyderabad Andhra Rajiv Gandhi 2008 2012 T.

Chargers Pradesh Stadium Venkattram
Reddy

Gayatri
Reddy

Kochi Kochi Kerala Jawaharlal 2011 2011 Kochi

Tuskers Nehru Cricket Pvt
Kerala Stadium Ltd

Pune Pune Maharashtra Maharashtra 2011 2013 Subrata

Warriors Cricket Roy
India Association
Stadium

Rising Pune Maharashtra Maharashtra 2016 2018 Sanjiv

Pune Cricket Goenka
Supergiant Association
Stadium
Gujarat Rajkot Gujarat Saurashtra 2016 2018 Keshav
Lions Cricket Bansal
Association
Stadium

Here we can see that the prices (read – investments) of each team. The highest being
Sunrisers Hyderabad owned by Sun T.V. Network with U.S. $157 million, followed by
Mumbai Indians owned by Reliance Group with U.S. $111.9 million. Third up is U.B.
Group's Royal Challengers Bangalore with U.S. $111.6 million.
With the other team's total investment in the Indian Premier League, the total value of IPL
teams worth up to U.S $775.59 million.

Brand Value of Indian Premier League

The IPL tournament rapidly grew in value between 2016 and 2018. Financial experts valued the IPL at
US$4.16 billion in 2016; that number grew to $5.3 billion in 2017 and $6.13 billion in 2018. A report from
Duff & Phelps said one of the contributing factors in the rapid growth of the IPL's value was a new
television deal with Star India Private Limited, which engaged more viewers because the IPL was
transmitted to regional channels in eight languages; under the previous deal, the transmissions were limited
to sports networks with English-language commentary.
According to an independent report conducted by Brand Finance, a London-based company, after the
conclusion of the 2017 Indian Premier League, the IPL's business value grew by 37% to an all-time peak
of $5.3 billion, exceeding the five-billion-dollar mark for the first time in a season. According to the
company's director Savio D'Souza:
Now in its 11th season, the Indian Premier League is here to stay. The league has delivered financially for
the players, franchisees, sponsors, and India as a whole, prompting a strong desire among stakeholders to
value it appropriately. To ensure continued development, management, and team owners must explore
innovative ways of engaging fans, clubs, and sponsors.
In December 2022, the IPL became a decacorn valued at US$10.9 billion, registering a 75% growth in
dollar terms since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by consulting firm D & P
Advisory.

In 2022, the BCCI took insurance of ₹5,000 crore (US$600 million) for the IPL. This insurance policy
involves all stakeholders, including broadcasters, ancillary services providers, and sponsors. The BCCI is
covered in the case of any revenue losses due to weather, riots, and other unforeseen events.
(B.V – Brand Value) (In $ millions)
  IPL CONTROVERSIES & SCAMS:

IPL spot fixing

In the 2012 IPL spot-fixing case, the BCCI gave a lifetime ban to Deccan Chargers player TP
Sudhindra and suspended four other players. In a sting operation, Pune Warriors India player Mohnish
Mishra was recorded stating that IPL franchise owners pay their players through black money. Mishra had
later apologized for his incorrect statement. On 20 May 2012, police detained Rahul Sharma and Wayne
Parnell when they were caught during a raid at a rave party at a suburb of Mumbai; both the players denied
taking drugs or drinking alcohol. However, it was later proven that in reality, they had taken banned drugs
after police tested their urine and blood samples in a lab.
In the 2013 IPL spot-fixing and betting case, Delhi police arrested players Ajit Chandila, Ankeet
Chavan and S. Sreesanth on allegations of spot-fixing; they received a lifetime ban from the BCCI.

Illegal Betting
In the same year police also arrested Gurunath Meiyappan, Chennai Super Kings' team principal and son-
in-law of then BCCI president N. Srinivasan, for illegally betting on IPL matches and passing team
information to the bookmakers.
The Lodha Committee, appointed by the Supreme Court of India, banned Rajasthan Royals (RR)
and Chennai Super Kings (CSK) for two years. The CSK's team principal Meiyappan was found guilty of
betting and bringing the IPL and the game into disrepute. After this, the BCCI banned Meiyappan from
involving in the game. Justice RM Lodha said that due to all this fixing-betting matter, the reputation of
the game had been hurt quite grievously. "Disrepute has been brought to cricket, the BCCI and the IPL to
such an extent that there are doubts abound in the public whether the game is clean or not," Justice Lodha
said. He further elaborated his Committee's observations and said it had proved beyond doubt that
Gurunath Meiyappan, the CSK's team principal, was heavily involved in betting on his team.

Strategic timeouts
In its 3rd season in 2010, the IPL administration brought a new rule: "strategic timeout" of seven minutes
and fifty seconds duration in each inning. Franchises and Sachin Tendulkar disapproved of it. Many saw it
as the BCCI's use of 'extended drinks break' to earn money; it faced widespread backlash. [138][139] Then IPL
president said that the rule is intended to allow teams to make strategies amid the game. Still, critics
disagreed with this argument and said that the strategic time-out is a way to generate money. Later, the
BCCI reduced its duration but still applied it.
These timeouts boost the IPL's revenue; every 10-second slot gets sold for ₹5 lakhs or more. Due to these
time-outs, an IPL match halts four times for more than 10 minutes. As per Sunil Gavaskar, along with
many other reasons, strategic timeouts delay the IPL matches, and they do not end at the stipulated time of
3 hours and 10 minutes, instead end after 4 hours. Amid the Super Giants against Mumbai Indians
eliminator game in 2023, on-air he uttered, "How many times batsmen get out after a strategic
timeout," indicating that it plays negative role in immediate fall of wickets by disrupting concentration of
the batters.
Some cricketers have criticized strategic timeouts for interrupting the flow of play. In the past, it even
faced Public Interest Litigation (PIL) with the possibility that ST breaks were being used by bookies to
connect with the players. In the past, IPL's stakeholders admitted that STs are unavoidable because they
give the BCCI and broadcasters additional time for more ads. In 2013, after a spot-fixing matter, then-
president N. Srinivasan got sacked due to a pending inquiry, and Jagmohan Dalmia got appointed as
interim president. Dalmia expressed openly that he wants to end STs and take other measures to restrain
malpractices in the IPL.

Incidents with players

In the 2008 edition, after a game, Harbhajan Singh, who was playing for Mumbai Indians, slapped S.
Sreesanth. The IPL fined and banned him from the remaining entire edition. However, years later, he
apologized to Sreesanth for it on TV and said that he was ashamed for doing it.
In a 2022 interview, Yuzvendra Chahal revealed two incidents of physical harassment that happened with
him, while he was with Mumbai Indians. In 2013, at a party of the team in a building, a drunken teammate
took him to the balcony, overpowered him and hung him from the 15th floor of the building. Yuzvendra
said he narrowly survived that day. In another incident, two teammates including Andrew Symonds tied
him, gagged his mouth and threw him in a room of the hotel. He remained the whole night alone in that
room. When the hotel room service arrived in the morning, they untied his hands and legs. He did not
reveal the names of the offenders involved in the first incident. Reacting to these revelations, Virender
Sehwag expressed that he wanted Yuzvendra to reveal the offender's name and furious Ravi
Shastri expressed that the offender should be banned.
In 2010, the BCCI banned Ravindra Jadeja from the IPL for one year after he violated the IPL guidelines
by not signing a renewal contract with his team Rajasthan Royals, and instead negotiated a more lucrative
contract with other teams through the back door.

Rajasthan Royals ownership dispute

In April 2010, the BCCI president Shashank Manohar said in a press conference that the IPL governing
council didn't know who the owners of Rajasthan Royals (RR) and the Punjab team are. The initial bid for
RR was made by a person named Manoj Bhandale. After that, other firms from Mauritius were added as
shareholders. In response, Shilpa Shetty tweeted that she was a proprietor of RR. Regarding the Punjab
team, Manohar revealed that in the team bidding event, only Preity Zinta was interested in buying that
team. She said that she would form a firm. She did it and signed a bid agreement with the BCCI. However,
Preity did not have a single share in her name in that firm. Manohar alleged that Shetty and Zinta violated
the agreement as prior permission of the BCCI is mandatory before transferring ownership shares with
other people.

N. Srinivasan's ownership of CSK

In 2010, an e-mail leaked in Indian media, according to an Economic Times article, said that former IPL
president Lalit Modi helped then-BCCI president N. Srinivasan to buy Andrew Flintoff in the auction for
his team Chennai Super Kings (CSK). Srinivasan was criticized for owning an IPL team due to his conflict
of interests. Former BCCI president A. Muthiah filed a lawsuit against Srinivasan in the Supreme Court of
India; he claimed that Srinivasan altered the BCCI's rules to allow himself to purchase a team. The Lodha
Committee banned CSK from the IPL for two years when their team principal, Gurunath Meiyappan, was
found guilty of betting and providing inside information to bookies. The supreme court criticized
Srinivasan for buying an IPL team while serving as the BCCI president; a judge commented, "How can a
BCCI chief own a team?". However, he still own the team and his daughter Rupa Gurunath often appear in
stadiums amid CSK's games.
Australian players' dispute with their board
Due to the BCCI giving one-tenth of foreign players' salaries to their respective country's national cricket
boards, a dispute between Australian cricketers and Cricket Australia started. The Australian Cricketers'
Association also opposed the arrangement.

Shashi Tharoor and Sunanda Pushkar's sweat equity in RSW

In 2010, the IPL president revealed that the Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi
Tharoor's wife Sunanda Pushkar has sweat equity share in Rendezvous Sports World (RSW), the
proprietor of Kochi Tuskers Kerala team. Opposition party BJP agitated against the Indian National
Congress. Later, it was revealed that Pushkar has ₹70 crore equity in RSW. Tharoor offered to leave his
equity, but many within the Congress party felt that by doing this, Tharoor pleaded guilty. Due to pressure,
the Congress party demanded his resignation. He was the first minister of United Progressive Alliance
2 who got slammed for his illegal moves.

Slow over rates

The IPL frequently gets criticism due to the slow pace of its matches. During the 2023 season, Jos
Buttler mentioned on Twitter to speed up the pace of the play. An IPL match should end within 3:10 hours
of the stipulated time, but it often ends after 4 hours. As per Gavaskar, strategic timeouts, reserve players
running on the field with drinks and messages amid games, and batsmen asking for helmets result in these
delays. The introduction of strategic timeouts was also suspected to be for monetary reasons since it allows
for more ad slots. Field umpires sometimes penalize teams by restricting them to field just four fielders
outside the 30-yard area, or match referees penalize by cutting captain's – team members' match fees, but it
has not solved the problem. Games often run at a slow speed and finish late. During the 2024 season,
Rishabh Pant, captain of Delhi Capitals, and Shubman Gill of Gujarat Titans were fined ₹12 lakhs each for
their teams' slow over rates during matches against the Chennai Super Kings. Millions of viewers feel that
IPL matches should be fast-paced.

Negative impact on international cricket

Former India captain Kapil Dev claimed that there was an increasing risk of injury to Indian players from
playing in the IPL. He felt that some players avoided the national team's matches, yet appear in all of their
IPL fixtures.

Exclusion of Pakistani players

Following the November 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai and the attack on Sri Lankan team in March
2009, geopolitical tensions surged between India and Pakistan. It led to several outcomes, one led to
Pakistani players being unofficially forbidden to play in the IPL. While they had been selected by several
teams for the inaugural IPL season (2008), their contracts were terminated before the 2009 edition. This
situation endured "due to political tensions". Among critics of BCCI and IPL owners is Imran Khan, who
has said they "take it out on Pakistan players". He accused the BCCI of "arrogance" but also stated that
"Pakistan should not worry about it".
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION
S
Conclusion & Recommendations:
The fanfare associated with the India Premier League is subdued in a recent
controversy involving bribery of players to mould their performance and help
persons with vested interest to outshine their illegal business of betting and
gambling. The institution of IPL is itself a lucrative opportunity for the players
who are offered lots of moolah and heed to garner numerous allowances
associated with game of cricket. It seems to be a lost opportunity for players
now, who in spite of being so affluent are willing to transgress the ethics and
integrity of their profession and sports.
The game of cricket is a much liked sports in India and people go crazy about it
typically if the match is between India and Pakistan. The zeal and patriotic
instinct is so strong that sometimes Law and Order situation go out of control in
certain hot spot of the locality. In such a frenetic outlook the corruption and
moulded performance is a serious blow to the faith and entertainment for the
people which as a result will only diminish the viewership of the game. The
revelation by Delhi police has raised brows among people about the leadership
role in the BCCI which lacks ways and means to impede corruption among
certain players and lobby of influential who bets millions in the sports. It's time
to change now, the respect and money should divulge to others neglected sports
like hockey. The players should learn to value sports and should not take it for
granted to be their own autonomy. The law may be made more stringent to
check such transgressions and punish the guilty with heavy fine and life ban to
set an example. The process of complex nexus is still under scanner and is set to
regurgitate more big names to bring shame to the instinct of sports. The time is
right to make the sports of cricket to regain its lost glory but that requires self
introspection of players and stake holders in combination with certain measures
which can be as follows:
The players need to divulge their income and assets detail. The political class
and corporate lobbyist stakes in sports should be minimized. The players stay
during league matches should be under scanner to demotivate bribe take and
giving incidents. The independent regulatory should set in. The BCCI should be
composed of apolitical and independent persons. The IPL should be modelled
on an egalitarian approach and inequity in each player pay and allowances to be
minimized. However, in any case, IPL was and will be the most extravagant
cricket league, with that money and grand affair IPL is sure maintain its strata
and dazzle its audience year after year.
References/Bibliography:
The data for this project was taken from the following domains:

 www.wikipedia.com
 www.google.co.in
 www.timesofindia.com
 www.iplt20.com
 www.bcci.tv
 www.slideshare.com
 www.hindusthantimes.com
 www.startup talky.com
 www.e4m.com