Engineering Economics (6% Semester-2k20 Session) Mechanical Engineering Department (UET Tala) Exam Duration: 2 Hours ‘Maximum Marks: 25 ‘Question 2: [CLO-4] Engineering Economics Analysis (15 marks) Using your knowledge of engineering sconoicstols nd tech via stools and techniques eared in thi cou, pe prehensive ecnomie analysis fr both independent and mutually excsirehwpemencg tincerng projets, Consder the f-ing aspects n your sponse: Internal Rate of Return | External Rate of Return | Incremental an relate — tha Malanaiveis | Increments ara Present worth analysis_{ Future worth analysis | Annual worth analysis | Benelitcon anaas | Instructions: *+ Develop a concise but comprenensive response addressing all the aspects mentioned above for both independent and matually exclusive projects. * Clearly explain your assumpticns, calculations, and reasoning for each aspect of the analysis. ‘Provide the basics of tool and technique selection and project feasibility criteria with clarity. © For each analysis method, describe a step-by-step procedure similar to an alg ‘+ Provide appropriate engineering economic terminology and relevant formulae to support your response. ‘= Diagrams and graphical representations are encouraged to enhance your analysis. _ Ensure that your response demonstrates a clear understanding of the tools and techniques learned in this course. 7 Note: This is a theoretical-type question with no sub-questions. Your response should be @ coherent and well-structured analysis, showcasing your understanding of the course material. Question 2: [CLO-2] Life-Cycle Cost Ar alysis of a Manufacturing Equipment (10 marks) ‘A manufacturing company is considering purchasing new equipment to increase production efficiency. ‘The company has the option to choose between two different pieces of equipment, Equipment A and Equipment B. The relevant financial data for both options are a: follows: Le Atrrbutes PSS equipment Av Srequipment 8) Initial cost, $159,000 ‘$180,000 ‘Annual operating and maintenance costs $8,000 $6,000 Salvage value after 10 years $20,000 $30,000 ‘The company's minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) is 8%, Perform aIife-cyle cost analysis using Net Present Value (NPV) for both equipment options over a 10-year period, and recommend which equipment the company should invest in Hints and Instructions: te the NPV of costs for both Equipment A and Equipment B. © Calcula J Consider the intial cost, annual operating and mainteriance costs, and salvage value In your calculations. «Use the MARR as the discount rate for your NPV calculations.Department of Mechanical Engineering es __University of Engineering & Technolo; ‘Name: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning aS Tecknclogy Tanita ‘Examination CourseCode | Session | Semester mig/Einal) Final | e323 72020 2 ale 00 Note: Bras neat diagrams and attached labeled relevant Tables/charts with nur i i nee pears dopey ond ith numerical where applicable. Assume [ane | ‘Question ‘clo | Bloom | Marks | Taxonomy ‘Question O2 ca a 3) How the capacity of vapor absorption systems can be control? (3) b) Draw detailed schematic diagram and briefly explain advantages of Double-Effeet HsO-LiBr absorption system. (5) ©) What are troubleshooting and maintenance procedures and schedules of chillers? (5) 4) In the double-effect absorption unit LiBr-water solution leaves generator-I with a concentration of 67%, passes to the heat exchanger and then to generator-Il, where its temperature is elevated toT$o 30°C. Next the solution passes through the throttling valve, where its pressure is reduced to that in the | ‘condenser, which is 5.62 kPa, In the process of the pressure reduction, some water vapor flashes off from this solution, For each kilogram of solution flowing through generator-I1, (a) how much mass | flashes to vapor, and (b) what is the concentration of LiBr-solution that drops into the condenser | 1? (10) ane | ‘Question 02 [aT @ |") What are criteria of duct design? How you can compare Velocity method with Eq | duct design? Give suitable example. | b) How air conditioning systems are classified? Draw detailed schematic diagrams and b | | following air conditioning systems | {i Dual-Fan, Dual Duct (CV) | ii, Multi-zone (VAV) S | Gestion a [3 fe | Tris desited te design an air conditioning system to cool a research laboratory in summer and high Trumichty | is desired. All outside air (90 °F DB, 40% RH) Is used. If no de-humidification is to occur, what is the | apparatus Cew point? If air comes off the coil 90% saturated how much heat is removed per pound of ait? The conditioned space is to be maintained at 72 °F DB, what is the RH in the space, essuming no internal latent heat gains? _ paid ate poet pes oajoa | os/a | cae | 308s | r a) Itis required to design a duct. An 0.3- by O4-m branch duct leaves an 0,3- by 0.6-m main duct at an angle of 60° ‘eimperature is 20°C. The dimensions of the main duet remain constant following | | the branch, The low rate upstream is 2.7 m3 /s, and the pressure is 250 Pa. The branch Mow rate is | 1.3 m3 /s. What is the pressure (a) downstream in. the main duct and (b) in the branch duct? the followings with reference to technological advancements in Refrigeration |b) Briefly explain and Air | Conditioning i, Magnetic Refrigeration System (5) ii, Centralized Air Conditioning Systems Vs COVID-19 .. opportunities (5) ili, Pure Refrigeration Systems for design strategies, challenges and food storage and transportation (5)BE a Leafs [e367 | eajen a A Sine one climate at approwinaialy 36 degree late tl ac a nasi igo] perature of 38 °C and humidity level of 1Sg/kg at 17:00 hours. ‘The zone is occupied bw 03 persons | Currently. Table 1 provides the information of the envelope structure and thermal propertice: The sone is | required to be conditioned as at 25.6 °C and humidity level of 1Ogikg. It should be wowed that the ait conditioning is not activated continuously, and the temperature may not be constant in the rone throushont {he day, A person in the zone is responsible for 1.5 met and I met sensible and latent heat gait respoceneh Another heat gain is due to the infiltration a the rate of 0.3 ACH. The heat yain duc to lighting and eipencg is negligible, Fresh air ventilation is needed at the rate of 0.01 mils per person 4) Assuming that the sensible load duc to conduction through the building envelope is 1697 W. calculate the design sensible and latent cooling loads for the conditioned space and the cooling veil? (10) | b») In view of eooling load as determined in (a), select most appropriate air conditioning system along required for ton. (5) | with suitable refrigerant. How much refrigerant is required as normally ©) Assume that the air conditioning system consumes 0.94 kWh electricity in one hour operation at design load and grid electricity produces 0.734 kgCO2 eq/kWh, Caleulate the environmental impacts ifthe air conditioning system would run of grid electricity at the design cooling loud for 120 hours should be based on direct during the summer. The environment and sustainabilit ons (Recuperation rate) and indirect emissions. Assume leakage rate as 5 20 years. (10) agsessmen of refrigerant mass, | life span of the system is Table 1: Structure and thermal properties of the envelope _ — ASHRAE Zone Type B | Orientation | ASHRAE type Noah se South 9 __West 9 iorizontal 4 window 1 North | [window 2 East__| “ouble gazed [window 3] airspace, clear [window | West 1° 1 Bwhr.f = 3.154 Wim? i aoeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering coat egeeapigg ————PntmnstvofRntnvering.4Teentotogy, Teta Examination | “t asian Fi = Seseiat Semester [Total Marks —[ Max. Time 6 [a0 6 min Not: queria entrained during the cam Assume ay mining A condor mark unis ae ene Printed copy offormulas/ question wil be taken during te ram Allguartonsearryenesiansig Q1. Using Mason’s rule, find the transfer function of the , a stem wh inputand o respectively. xs, x2 and x3 are nodes. bg Ee ee aa 10 S x + x XK, Fru O--—D O O O c=y Q2. Find the range of K for stability using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The closed-loop transfer function is: C(s) K RG) sG?+st+i)(s+2)+K Q3. A control system has the following open-loop transfer function: K Ds +5) \gasymptotes, breakaway points and imaginary cross-over G(S)H(s) = Sketch the root locus diagram by obtainin, points.‘Q4 Please complete the below table. Show your com plete work/steps. Do not write on the question Paper. Please fill in the table on the answer sheet, Asymptotic and actual normalized and scaled frequency response data for (s+a) ~ Frequency on |on Jun [on [ena [e]mlele]sTe]-]e]s]e = ‘iS i wn mmm PEEP EE EP EEE eb 201064 can) crt {om Jo] ooo an |r] see [| | | [| | it | | xtcome-based Eduction (098) Data Boom auestion | co | mo | Bloom 1 1 1 e ; L (eC 2 2 2 ca 3 3 3 cs | 4 a | os 6 You are not allowed to share notes.