BIHIEIER

C SO I
KINETIC ENERGY IS ENERGY A
MOVING OBJECT HAS BECAUSE OF
ITS MOTION
POTENTIAL ENERGY IS THE ENERGY
STORED IN AN OBJECT
MECHANICAL ENERGY IS THE SUM OF
HE KINETIC AND POTENTIAL
ENERGY IN A SYSTEM
ENERGY IS A SCALAR
S UN T JOULE J

Ek KINETIC ENERGY J
E E mu m MASS kg
VELOCITY F1

Ep GRAVITATIONAL
Ep Mgh POTENTIAL ENERGY J
m MASS 1kg1
g ACCELERATION DUE TO
GRAVITY 9.8
h HEIGHT m
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EXAMPLE
HOW MUCH GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL ENERGY IS GAINED WHEN
AN 80kg PERSON CLIMBS A 4 Om HIGH
STAIRCASE
Q
k
d

4 Om
f
d
 EXAMPLE
WHICH HAS MORE KINETIC ENERGY
a A 50g BULLET AT 700 F
b A 2000kg CAR AT 3.5 s

WORK
WORK THE
IS SCALAR PRODUC
BETWEEN FORCE AND
DISPLACEMENT

W WORK J
WEI F FORCE N
d DISPLACEMENT m
SCALAR PRODUCT so now
TWO PARALLEL VECTORS THAT
MULTIPLY TO A SCALAR
IF NOT PARALLEL USE THE
PARALLEL COMPONENT

F
We'Eadcosa
d
FOMPONENT
OF
FORCE

WORK IS THE AREA UNDER AN F d

GRAPH

COS 00C SO O
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s a 3 3 00 SO
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WORK ENERGY THEOREM
THE WORK
DONE BY ALL NON CONSERVATIVE
FORCES IS EQUAL TO THE CHANGE IN
THE MECHANICAL ENERGY OF THE
SYSTEM
Wnc DE
D Eat DEP

POSITIVE WORK FORCE IS IN THE

SAME DIRECTION AS DISPLACEMENT
POSITIVE WORK MEANS THE
OBJECT GAINS ENERGY
EXAMPLE
1 1
PUSHING A CRATE FA
ACROSS THE FLOOR
d

NEGATIVE WORK FORCE IS IN THE

OPPOSITE DIRECTION OF
DISPLACEMENT
NEGATIVE WORK MEANS THE
OBJECT LOSES ENERGY
EXAMPLE
1T
FRICTION ON A
SLIDING OBJECT
 NO WORK IS DONE IF THE OBJECT
DOES NOT MOVE
NO WORK IS DONE IF THE FORCE AND
DISPLACEMENT ARE PERPENDICULAR
EXAMPLE
GRAVITY ON AN
PUSHING A OBJECT SLIDING

gµ
V
WALL ACROSS A
HORIZONTAL SURFACE vFg

DERIVING POTENTIAL ENERGY

HOW MUCH WORK IS REQUIRED TO LIFT
A MASS m UP TO A HEIGHT h

DERIVING KINETIC ENERGY

HOW MUCH WORK IS REQUIRED TO
ACCELERATE A MASS m FROM RES
TO A SPEED v
 EXAMPLE
A 20kg IS PUSHED ACROSS A
CRATE
FRICTIONLESS FLOOR WITH A
FORCE OF 80 N IF THE CRATE
STARTS FROM REST WHAT WILL BE
ITS SPEED AFTER IT HAS BEEN
PUSHED FOR 5 O m
 CONSERVATION OF
MECHANICAL ENERGY
0 CO so 00C S C
O S S O
C C X SCO S

EE EEf

Ek Ep EkftEPf
Mass WILL OFTEN
my mgh Im Mghf CANCEL OUT

EXAMPLE
A ROLLER COASTER IS AT THE TOP OF
A 20 m HIGH HILL WITH A SPEED
OF F 10 WHAT IS ITS SPEED AT THE
BOTTOM OF THE HILL
INITIAL
Vi to
F

hi 20 m
4
LET
hf O
 EXAMPLE
THE THOMPSON TROJAN IS RUNNING
FROM THE HAMBER GRIFFIN AT A
SPEED OF 8 OF HE GRABS AN
OVERHEAD ROPE AND SWINGS UPWARD
HOW HIGH DOES HE SWING

as
I hi
 00 TO 3 JC O
0
0 COS OK SU S
J J
S O C C
J
N O SC

Ei Ef Q Q HEAT J
Ff FORCE OF
Q Fed FRICTION N
d DISPLACEMENT m
W Fd

EXAMPLE
A ROLLER COASTER
300kg CAR IS
TRAVELLING ALONG A TRACK AS SHOWN
WITH A SPEED OF 5 OF AT POINT A
WHAT IS THE SPEED OF THE CAR AT
POINT B IF IT LOSES 29000J OF
ENERGY TO HEAT DUE TO FRICTION
INITIAL
0 4 5 OF
300492

it
O B
POWER
POWER IS THE RATE AT WHICH ENERGY
IS ADDED OR USED
S UN T WATT W

D P POWER W
W WORK J
t TIME s
 EXAMPLE
AN ELEVATOR CANLIFT A LOAD OF
1000kg TO A HEIGHT OF 30 m IN
40 s WHAT IS THE POWER OUTPUT
OF THE ELEVATOR

EFFICIENCY
Eor OUTPUT EEEETY
EFFICIENCY EI ENERGY J
Ew
Ew INPUT ENERGY
POI ENERGY g
REQUIRED

Pin
pout OUTPUT
POWER W
Pw INPUT
POWER W

EFFICIENCY IS EXPRESSED AS A
PERCENTAGE 6100
 EXAMPLE
AN ELECTRIC MOTOR REQUIRES
850J TO MOVE A 10kg MASS UP
TO A HEIGHT OF 5 Om WHAT IS
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MOTOR