GEOGRAPHY CHP NO. 1 THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) How does a planet differ from a star?

Answer
Planet differs from star in the following manner:
• Planet does not have its own light while star emits their own light.
• Planet revolves around a star while star does not revolve around any celestial bodies.
• Planet does not twinkle while star does.

(b) What is meant by the ‘Solar System’?

Answer
The system formed by the sun, eight planets, satellites, asteroids and various other celestial
bodies is called the Solar System.

(c) Name all the planets according to their distance from the sun.
Answer
Planets according to their distance from the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune.

(d) Why is the Earth called a unique planet?

Answer
Earth is called a unique planet because this is the only planet where life exists. It has conditions
for supporting life. The earth is neither too hot nor too cold. It has water and air, which are very
essential for our survival. The air has life-supporting gases like oxygen.

(e) Why do we see only one side of the moon always?

Answer
The moon moves around the earth in about 27 days. It takes exactly the same time to complete
one spin. Therefore, only one side of the moon is visible to us on the earth.

(f) What is the Universe?

Answer
The universe consists of billions of galaxies.

HISTORY CHAPTER NO. 1 WHEN WHERE AND HOW?

1. Match the following:
Narmada Valley - The first big kingdom
Magadha - Hunting and gathering
Garo hills - Cities about 2500 years ago
Indus and its tributaries - Early agriculture
Ganga Valley - The first cities

Answer
Narmada Valley - Hunting and gathering
Magadha - The first big kingdom
Garo hills - Early agriculture
Indus and its tributaries - The first cities
Ganga Valley - Cities about 2500 years ago

2. List one major difference between manuscripts and inscriptions.

Answer
Manuscripts are written by hand which were usually written on palm leaf, or on the specially
prepared bark of a tree while inscriptions were engraved either on hard surfaces such as stone
and metal.

3. Return to Rasheeda’s question. Can you think of some answers to it?

Answer
Rasheeda’s question is, "How could anyone know what had happened so many years ago?" We
can know what had happened so many years ago by reading books which were based upon
findings by historians and archeologists through past remains such as manuscripts, inscriptions,
tools, weapons, etc.

4. Make a list of all the objects that archaeologists may find. Which of these could be made of
stone?

Answer

List of all the objects that archaeologists may find are:

• Remains of buildings
• Paintings and sculpture
• Tools
• Weapons
• Pots
• Ornaments
• Coins
• Bones of birds, animals, fish etc.
Tools, weapons, sculpture, could be made of stone.

5. Why do you think ordinary men and women did not generally keep records of what they did?

Answer

The ordinary men and women did not generally keep records of what they did because they
weren't doing any notable works. They are living their ordinary life also they didn't know about
reading and writing.

6. Describe at least two ways in which you think the lives of kings would have been different
from those of farmers.
Answer
Two ways in which the lives of kings are different from farmers:
• Farmers had to work in their field while king's duty was to protect his citizen.
• Kings fought battles and kept records of their victories while farmers led their ordinary life and
they didn't keep any record.
7. Find the word crafts persons on page 1. List at least five different crafts that you know about
today. Are the crafts persons — (a) men (b) women (c) both men and women?
Answer
Weaving, Carpentry, Dyeing, Pottery-making, Carpet-making are five crafts that exist today. In
today's world, both men and women are crafts persons.

8. What were the subjects on which books were written in the past? Which of these would you
like to read?
Answer
The books which are in the past dealt with all kinds of subjects such as religious beliefs and
practices, the lives of kings, medicine and science. Also, epics, poems, plays were written. I
would like to read (name of your book).

CIVICS CHAPTER NO.1 UNDERSTANDING DIVERSITY

1. Draw up a list of the different festivals celebrated in your locality. Which of these celebrations
are shared by members of different regional and religious communities?
Answer
List of the different festivals with regional and religious communities:
• Holi : Hindus (mainly in North India, North-east India, Orrisa, Mahrashtra, Tamil Nadu etc.)
• Diwali : Hindus (mainly in Central India, North India, North-east India, South India etc.)
• Id-ul-Fitr : Muslims (mainly in Central India, North India, North-east India, South India etc.)
• Christmas : Christians (mainly in Central India, North India, South India etc.)
• Pongal : Hindus (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
• Chhath : Hindus (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand)
• Lhori : Sikhs, Hindus (Punjab, Chandigarh)
• Mahavir Jayanti : Jains, Hindus (Chhatishgarh, U.P., Bihar)
• Buddha Jayanti : Buddhists, Hindus (U.P., Maharshtra, M.P.)

2. What do you think living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds to your life?
Answer
Things which rich heritage of diversity adds to your life:
• We met people with different languages.
• We have large variety in foods.
• Celebrate different festivals and respect their cultures.
• Different dance and music forms.
• Variety of dressing styles and clothes of the regions.

3. Do you think the term "unity in diversity" is an appropriate term to describe India?
What do you think Nehru is trying to say about Indian unity in the sentence quoted above
from his book The Discovery of India?
Answer
Yes, the term "unity in diversity" is an appropriate term to describe India. The diversity in India
has always been recognised as a source of its strength. Even during freedom movements,
women
and men from different cultural, religious and regional backgrounds came together to decide
joint actions and opposes the British rule. This strength of unity made it very hard for Britishers
to continue the rule and Indians won the battle of independence. Also, the same national flag
was used as means of protest against Britishers everywhere.
In his book The Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru says that Indian unity is not something
imposed from the outside but rather it was something deeper and within its fold, the widest
tolerance of belief and custom was practised and every variety acknowledged and even
encouraged. This suggests that despite of having geographical, language and cultural
differences, people of India are living with peace with respect for each other’s traditions and
with unity.

4. Underline the line in the poem sung after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which
according to you, reflects India's essential unity.
Answer
The blood of Hindus and Muslims flows together today. This line in the poem sung after the
Jallianwala Bagh massacre reflects India's essential unity.