হাওর স্বরূপ ও সমস্যা

nvIi : ¯îƒc I mgm¨v
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gyn¤§` mv‡q`yi ingvb ZvjyK`vi
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wW‡m¤î 2014, †c․l, 1421 e½vã
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HwZn¨ cÖKvkb, 130 wW AvB wU G·‡Ubkb †ivW
bqv cëb, XvKv 1000| †dvb : 01976 342060
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Bg‡cÖkÝ, 60 / wm bqvcëb, XvKv|
g~j¨ : 300.00 (wZbkZ UvKv) gvÎ
Haor : shorup O samoshia by Mohammed Sayedur Rahman
Talukdar; Published by Rasheda Ferdowsy, Oitihjo Prokashon.
Price - Tk. 300 Only.
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DrmM©
nvIivÂ‡ji
AMwYZ evbfvwm gvby‡li
D‡Ï‡k¨
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m~wPcÎ
cÖm½ K_v / 9
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : nvI‡ii D™¢e / 11
wØZxq Aa¨vq : nvI‡ii cwiwPwZ / 21
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : nvIi GjvKvi m¤ú` / 82
PZz_© Aa¨vq : nvIi GjvKvi RbRxeb / 96
cÂg Aa¨vq : nvIi GjvKvi wk¶v / 106
lô Aa¨vq : nvIi GjvKvi ¯^v¯’¨ I cqtcwiw¯’wZ / 111
mßg Aa¨vq : nvIi GjvKvi †hvMv‡hvM / 115
Aóg Aa¨vq : nvIi GjvKvi AvBbk„•Ljv / 117
beg Aa¨vq : nvI‡ii cwi‡ekMZ cwiw¯’wZ / 120
`kg Aa¨vq : Lvm Rwgi e‡›`ve¯Í I Rjgnvj BRvivi bxwZgvjv / 128
GKv`k Aa¨vq : nvIi GjvKvi mgm¨v / 131
Øv`k Aa¨vq : Dcmsnvi / 157
mnvqK m~Î / 160
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cÖ m ½ K _v
nweMÄ †Rjvi BwZnvm MÖ‡š’i cª‡qvR‡b Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z wM‡q nvIi m¤ú‡K©
AvMÖ‡ni m„wó nq| A‡bK AbymÜv‡bi ciI G m¤úwK©Z †Zgb †Kv‡bv eB msMÖn
Ki‡Z bv †c‡i wKQzUv nZvk n‡qB nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W© hvB| †mLv‡b wM‡q AviI
nZvk nB| Rvb‡Z cvwi, evsjv‡`‡ki nvIi GjvKv KZUzKz Zvi †hgb mwVK
cwimsL¨vb †bB †Zgwb GB we‡kl •ewkó¨gwÐZ GjvKvwUi Z_¨wfwËK †Kv‡bv
M‡elYv cwiPvjbv wKsev cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨vw` msMÖn I msiÿ‡Yi ZvwMÌ Abyfe
K‡iwb †evW©|
wm‡jU wWw÷ª± †M‡RwUqv‡i †Kej e„nËi wm‡jU †Rjvq 35wU eo nvIi Ges
475wU †QvU nvI‡ii K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b miKvwi wewfbœ wefv‡Mi
GgbwK GKB wefv‡MiB c„_K cwimsL¨v‡b wfbœ wfbœ Z_¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| wewfbœ
†jL‡Ki Dc¯’vwcZ Z‡_Ï nvI‡ii msL¨v, nvIi GjvKvi AvqZb I RbmsL¨v
msµvšÍ Z_¨MZ weåvwšÍ cwijwÿZ nq| H mKj Z_¨ we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq,
GKB nvIi †hgb GKvwaKevi D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q †Zgwb b`x ev b`x ZxieZ©x eva
cÖKí‡KI nvIi ZvwjKvq AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi A‡bK mycwiwPZ nvI‡ii
bvg mswkøó ZvwjKvq †bB GgbwUI †`Lv †M‡Q| mePvB‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q,
nvIivÂ‡ji AvqZb I RbmsL¨v msµvšÍ cÖPwjZ Z‡_ï mv‡_ me©‡kl 2011
m‡bi †mÝvm wi‡cv‡U©i mvgÄm¨nxbZv|
GKwU we‡kl cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h©i jxjvf~wg G nvIivÂj| evsjv‡`‡ki we¯ÍxY©
mgZj f~wg‡Z m„ó gvbe emwZi aviv G AÂ‡jB cÖ_g ïiæ n‡qwQj e‡j A‡b‡Ki
AwfgZ| G †`‡ki f~-MVbKv‡jB AbeiZ cvnvo ÿ‡qi d‡j b`xevwnZ cwj-
evwj‡Z †R‡M IVv mswkøó mgZj f~ywg‡Z cÖv‣MwZnvwmK Kv‡jB bvbv b„‡Mvôxi
Awfevmb ïiæ nq| Zv‡ì msNl©-mgš^‡q m„wô nq GLvbKvi cÖv‣MwZnvwmK
m¼iRvZ RbmgvR| BwZnvm Kv‡jI bvbv RvwZ-ag©-e‡Y©i gvbyl GLv‡b G‡m
emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| mK‡ji wgwjZ cÖqv‡k m„wó nq G AÂ‡ji mgvR-ms¯‥…wZ|
GLv‡b i‡q‡Q GKwU b„ZvwË¡K I mvs¯‥…wZK HwZhëvnx Rb‡Mvôxi DËivwaKvi|
GLvbKvi cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek, Rxe‣ewPÎ¨, RbRxeb, †ckv, A_©bxwZ, mgm¨v I
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m¤¢vebv cÖf…wZ †`‡ki Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv AÂj †_‡K wKQzUv wfbœZi| wecyj cwigvY
grm¨ m¤ú‡` cwic~Y© nvIi AÂjwU K…wli cvkvcvwk f~Mf©¯’ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ìI
wekvj fvÐvi wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| G mKj wel‡qi GKwU Z_¨wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK
MÖš’ nvIi : ¯îƒc I mgm¨v|
MÖš’wU Dcmsnvimn †gvU 12wU Aa¨v‡q wef³| G‡Z nvI‡ii D™¢e †_‡K eZ©gvb
ch©šÍ mg‡qi BwZe„Ë wee„Z n‡q‡Q| RbmsL¨v I AvqZbMZ cÖPwjZ A‡bK
Abygvbwbif©i Z_¨ me©‡kl †mÝvm wi‡cv‡U©i Av‡jv‡K ms‡kva‡bi †Pôv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| me©mvavi‡Yi wRÁvmvi Rev‡ei Rb¨ G‡Z Av‡iv Z_¨ mwbœ‡e‡ki
Avek¨KZv wQj Zv AKc‡U ¯^xKvi KiwQ| ZvB ej‡Z wØav †bB, G eB‡q cÖ`Ë
Z‡_ï AcÖZzjZv AbymÜv‡bi mxgve×ZviB bvgvšÍi| Zey †hUzKz mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q
Zv hw` cvV‡Ki mvgvb¨ DcKv‡iI Av‡m Z‡eB wb‡R‡K ab¨ g‡b Kie|
ZvwiL : 23-07-2014 wLªt|

KvwjKvcyi (eoevwo)
evNvmyiv, gvaecyi, nweMÄ|
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cÖ_g Aa¨vq
nvI‡ii D™¢e
evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-c~e© †Kv‡bi 7wU †Rjvi 50wU Dc‡Rjvi mgš^‡q 14,536 eM©
wK‡jvwgUvi AvqZb1 wewkó GB AÂjwU mgMÖ †`‡ki `k fv‡Mi GK fvM|2 K…wl
wefv‡Mi wn‡me g‡Z eiveiB Lv`¨-DØ„Ë GB GjvKvwUi •ewkó¨ Ges aiY
evsjv‡`‡ki †h †Kv‡bv GjvKv †_‡K ¯^Zš¿| wecyj cwigvY grm¨ m¤ú‡` cwic~Y©
GB nvIi AÂjwU K…wli cvkvcvwk f~Mf©¯’ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ìI wekvj fvÐvi
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| f~-weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z GB we‡kl •ewkógwÐZ AÂjwUi DrcwËi
mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki f~-MVb cÖwµqvi Mfxi m¤úK© we`¨gvb| cÖv‣MwZnvwmK Kvj
†_‡KB G AÂ‡j gvbe emwZiI Z_¨ AeMZ nIqv hvq|
GB nvI‡ii mvMiZzj¨ we¯Í…wZ m¤ú‡K© ZrKvjxb wm‡j‡Ui †iwm‡W›U ievU©
wjÛ‡mÕi eY©bv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, wZwb KjKvZvq Av‡mb 1772 mv‡j| †mLvb
†_‡K XvKvq 1776 mv‡j Ges 1778 mv‡j wZwb †iwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †c‡q
wm‡j‡U Av‡mb| †b․c‡_ XvKv †_‡K wm‡jU hvÎvi eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb
e‡jb,ÔGevi XvKv‡K we`vq Rvwb‡q iIqvbv njvg wm‡j‡U| b`xc‡_ Kzwo gvBj
hvIqvi ci †cu․Qjvg wdwiw½ evRv‡i| M½vi kvLvb`x eywoM½v GLv‡b eªþcy‡Îi
mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| `yÕwUi wgwjZ nIqvi ci bvg n‡q‡Q †gNbv| GwU c„w_exi
e„nËg b`xi GKwU| G b`x w`‡qB Avgv‡K gvB‡ji ci gvBj †h‡Z n‡e| GLb
el©vi gImyg| Pviw`‡K •_ •_ cvwb| g‡b nq cwiZ¨³ welv` †Niv wecbœ GK
AÂj| ïay e„wói cvwb‡Z G fv‡e mewKQz Zwj‡q hvq bv| Ab¨ KviYI Av‡Q|
wngvjq Ges Ab¨vb¨ ce©‡Z MÖx®§Kv‡j eid M‡j hvq| ZvZvi, Avmvg I wZeŸ‡Zi
cvnv‡o eid Mjv cvwb †QvU †QvU b`x w`‡q †b‡g Av‡m| †e½j cÖ‡`‡ki wbgœvÂj
G‡Z Wz‡e hvq| †mªvZ e‡q hvq mgy‡`ªi w`‡K| eQ‡i cÖvq wZb gvm Gfv‡e cvwb‡Z
Wz‡e _v‡K mgMÖ AÂj| bxj b‡ì gZ G cvwb GLvbKvi Rwg‡K De©iZv `vb
K‡i| GB A_B Rj ivwki g‡a¨ Avwg mgy‡`ª Pjvi gZB K¤úvm eënvi K‡i
wm‡j‡U hvIqvi c_ wVK Kijvg| G K_v ej‡j wbðqB †KD Awek¦vm Ki‡e bv|
Gfv‡e cÖvq GKkÕ gvBj we¯Í…Z nvIi cvwo w`‡Z nj Avgv‡K| gv‡S gv‡S †QvU
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†QvU MÖvg| K…wÎg wUjvi Dci Nievwo †`Ljvg| gvwU cÖvq †`LvB hvq bv| †b․KvB
†jv‡Ki fimv| cÖwZwU evwoi Nv‡U Nv‡U †b․Kv| el©vKv‡j gvby‡li Rxeb nq Lye
K‡ói|Õ3
G‡`‡ki f~wgiƒc MVb cÖwµqvi BwZnv‡mi mv‡_ Gi †hgb mswkøóø Zv Lyu‡R cvIqv
hvq †Zgwb mßg kZvãx‡Z GLv‡b gvbe emwZiI Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| †gvMj Avg‡j
evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv i¶vc‡e© fu~Bqv‡ì k³ cÖwZ‡iva‡¶Î wQj fvwU AÂj| W.
Ave`yj Kwig fvwUi †h mxgvbv wba©viY K‡i‡Qb Zv nj : ÔM½v (cÙv), eªþcyÎ
Ges †gNbv, GB wZb e„nr b`x I Zv‡ì kvLv cÖkvLv we‡a․Z Ges †ewóZ
(e„nËi) XvKv, gqgbwmsn, wÎcyiv I wm‡j‡Ui wbgœ AÂj wb‡q fvwU MwVZ|Õ4 †KD
†KD D³ mxgvw¯’Z e„nËi gqgbwms‡ni wK‡kviMÄ I †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvi wbgœfvM;
e„nËi wm‡j‡Ui cÖvq mgMÖ mybvgMÄ †Rjv; wm‡jU, †g․jfxevRvi I nweMÄ
†Rjvi wbgœvÂj Ges wÎcyiv Z_v Kzwgjøvi eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvaxb DËi-cwðgvs‡ki
wbgœf~wg †ewóZ wbPz GjvKv‡K GK mg‡qi fvwUevsjv wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kivi
cÖqvk †c‡q‡Qb| GB AÂ‡ji cÖvPxb Ae¯’v eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q •KjvmP›`ª wmsn
ivRgvjvq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, ÔkªxnÆ †Rjvi `w¶Y-cwðgvsk, gqgbwms‡ni c~eŸ©vsk,
wÎcyiv †Rjvi DËi-cwðgvsk `k©‡b †eva nq GB ¯’v‡b c~‡eŸ© GKwU e„nr n«`
wQj| eªþcyÎ b‡` cÖevwnZ KÏ©g Øviv XvKv, gqgbwmsn I wÎcyivi mwÜ¯’j mgZj
†¶‡Î cwiYZ nB‡j, GB n«` we‡kliƒ‡c gvbe gÐjxi `„wóc‡_ cwZZ nBqvwQj|
GRb¨B Øv`k kZvãx c~‡eŸ© wn‡qvbmvO wkjnÆ ivR¨wU mgy`ª ZxieZx© ewjqv eY©bv
Kwiqv‡Qb| eieµ, myigv, gby, ¶gv cÖf…wZ b`x mgyn GB n«‡ì ga¨ w`qv cÖevwnZ
nBZ| b`x cÖev‡n AvbxZ KÏ©g ivwk Øviv GB n«` µ‡g ï®‥ nBqv AmsL¨ wej
m„wó nBqv‡Q| GB mKj we‡ji Kvw›` ev D”P ¯’vbw¯’Z MÖvg¸wj A`¨vwc el©vKv‡j
mgy`ª ga¨w¯’Z Øxc ewjqv †eva nq| AbygvwbK kªxnÆ †Rjvi cÖvq PZz_©vsk wej I
wbgœf~wg, Bnvi mwnZ gqgbwmsn †Rjvi c~eŸ© cÖvšÍw¯’Z wbgœf~wg I wÎcyiv †Rjvi
DËi-cwðg cÖvšÍÍw¯’Z wbgœf~wg mshy³ Kwi‡j †eva nq DwjøøwLZ n«‡ì cwigvY dj
`yB mnmª eM©gvBj nB‡ZI AwaK wQj|Õ5
cÖvPxb bvbv Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, AwZ cÖvPxb Kv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki GB AskwU
e‡½vcmvM‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ wQj| GK mgq ÔfvwUevsjvÕ wn‡m‡e L¨vZ f~-cÖvK„wZK
we‡kl •ewkó¨gwÐZ G AÂjwU eZ©gv‡b nvIi AÂj wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| evsjvi GB
wbgœvÂ‡j mycÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K †h mgvReë¯’v M‡o D‡V Zv-B fvwU evsjvi Awfavq
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cwiwPwZ cvq| GB fvwU evsjvi RbRxeb g~jZ nvIi †K›`ªxK| mK‡jB GKgZ
†h ÔmvMiÕ †_‡K GB ÔnvIiÕ kãwUi DrcwË| wm‡jU wWw÷ª± †M‡RwUqv‡i ejv
n‡q‡Q, During wintet a haor is a vast, almost limitless stretch of
green land, whilst in rainy season it is a vast sea of turbulent
water. The word haor is believed to be a corrupted form of the
Sanskrit word Shagar (sea) or the Arabic word Bahar (sea). 6
Bs‡iRx (Sea) k‡ãi evsjviƒc Ômgy`ªÕ ev ÔmvMiÕ| ÔmvMiÕ kãwU eûj eëüZ
nIqvq AvÂwjK fvlvq Zvi D”PviYMZ iƒcwUi wKQzUv cwieZ©b N‡U ÔmvMiÕ
†_‡K Ômvq‡iÕ iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| mvMi ev mvqi g~jZ AšÍnxb RjfvM| hyM
ci¤úivq Aweivg cwjcÖev‡n e½Lv‡Zi GB ewa©ZvskwUi Zj‡`k fivU n‡q
µgvš^‡q mvMi †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q †M‡jI wKQz Ask wekvj Rjvavi wn‡m‡eB
†_‡K hvq| el©vKv‡j GB RjvaviwU wekvj n«` ev mvMivK…wZ aviY K‡i| ZvB
mvMiZzj¨ GB wekvj n«` ev we¯ÍxÍ Y© RjfvM AÎvÂ‡j mvMi ev mvqi wn‡m‡eB
Kw_Z nZ| wm‡jU I Zrcvk¦©eZx© GjvKvi AvÂwjK fvlvq k‡ãi Avw`‡Z eëüZ
ÔmÕ ev ÔkÕ eY© ÔnÕ Ges ÔAÕ D”PviY n‡Z †`Lv hvq| †hgb: mi <ni <Ai, mvc
<nvc <Avc, mvR <nvR <AvR, kvK <nvK <AvK, kvb <nvb <Avb BZ¨vw`|
GKB Kvi‡Y m¤¢eZ GB ÔmvMiÕ †_‡K ÔmvqiÕ, Zv †_‡K ÔnvqiÕ Ges ÔnvIiÕ
k‡ãi DrcwË| GB ÔnvIiÔ kãwU eZ©gvb ch©v‡q AvwfavwbK kã wn‡m‡eB
cÖwZwôZ| Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q GB ÔnvIiÕ kãwUB Dc‡iv³ wbq‡g ÔAvIiÕ wn‡m‡e
D”PvwiZ nq| ÔnvIiÕ ev ÔAvIiÕ g~jZ mvMi m`„k cvwbc~Y© we¯ÍxÍ Y© cÖvšÍi Ñ hv
mviv eQiB AvswkKfv‡e n‡jI RjgMœ _v‡K|
evsjv‡`‡ki GK e„n`vsk c„w_exi e„nËg AvqZb e½Lv‡Zi Askwe‡kl| G †`‡ki
AwaKvsk GjvKv cÖvPxb Kv‡j Mfxi mgy‡`ª wbgw¾Z wQj| †m mgy`ªwUi bvg wQj
Avmvg Dc-mvMi| wngvjq †_‡K AvMZ b`x bvjv Øviv cwj mwÂZ n‡q cøveb
mgf~wgi m„wó n‡j, Zv †`L‡Z †MvjvKvi Lv‡Zi (basin) gZ g‡b nq| GB
LvZB e½LvZ (Bangal basin) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|7
f~-Af¨šÍ‡i we‡kl ¯Íi I Amg ¯Íimg~n cix¶v Øviv wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii MVb cÖYvjx I
†Kvb †Kvb cwi‡e‡k m„wó n‡q‡Q Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki cvnvovÂj
e¨wZZ †ekxifvM Rwg mgZj| mgy`ªc„ô n‡Z Gi Mo D”PZv 8 †_‡K 12
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wgUv‡ii g‡a¨| G‡`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb †g․mygx e„wó cÖavb GjvKvq| Gi
cvnvovÂ‡ji g„wËKv AwZwi³ ¶qcÖeY| GLvbKvi b`xbvjvi Drm¯’j cvnvovÂ‡j
nIqvq AMwYZ b`xbvjvi †mªv‡Z e‡q Avmv cwj-evwj wbgœvÂ‡ji Rjfv‡M Rgv
n‡Z _v‡K| g~jZ Gfv‡eB G‡`‡ki we¯ÍxY© mgZj f~wgi m„wó|
Z‡e G‡`‡ki wKQz Ask cøøvB‡÷vwmb hy‡M †Kv‡bv GK •bmwM©K Kvi‡Y DwÌZ nq
Ges cøveb mgf~wg A‡c¶v M‡o 10 †_‡K 18 wgUvi ch©šÍ Dc‡i D‡V hvq e‡j
f~wgiƒc weÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡Z e„nËi e½ e-Øx‡ci Askwe‡kl
GmKj AÂ‡j cÖvq 10 j¶ eQi c~‡e© GgbwU N‡UwQj| w`bvRcyi, ivRkvnx,
iscyi I e¸ov †Rjvi e‡i›`ª f~wg; XvKv I gqgbwmsn †Rjvi AšÍe©Z©x gaycyi Mo
Ges Kzwgjøøvi jvjgvB cvnvo D³ f~wgiƒ‡ciB Askwe‡kl| wVK GKB Kvi‡Y
gqgbwmsn I wm‡jU AÂ‡ji wKq`sk Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í wbPz n‡q hvq Ñ hv nvIi AÂj
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|8
f~wgiƒc weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z, B‡qvwmb hy‡M KwjKvZv †_‡K gqgbwmsn eivei GKwU
KeRv ejq (Hinge belt) m„wó nq, hv bvMv cvnv‡oi WvDwK Py¨wZi b¨vq Py¨wZ
m„wó K‡i|9 A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, †gNvjq I evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvšÍ eivei msNwUZ
ÔWvDwK Pz¨wZÕi Kvi‡Y AwZ cÖvPxb Kv‡j GjvKvwU 3 †_‡K 10 wgUvi e‡m hvq|
1787 mv‡ji eb¨v I f~wgK‡¤úi ci eªþcyÎ b`x Zvi MwZc_ gaycyi M‡oi c~e©
w`K †_‡K cwðg w`‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡j cwjgvwU fivU nIqvi Afv‡e GB AÂj
wbPz n‡q hvq|10 G Kvi‡YB †`‡ki DËi c~e©vÂ‡ji GB nvIi GjvKvi m„wó nq|
wKš‘ mswkøó AÂ‡j b`xcÖev‡ni ¯îƒc we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, fvi‡Zi AmsL¨
cvnvwo b`x GB AeevwnKvq cvwb mieivn K‡i| nvIi AeevwnKvwU DË‡i
†gNvjq ce©Zgvjv, `wÿ‡Y wÎcyivi cvnvo Ges c~e©w`‡K gwbcy‡ii D”Pf~wg w`‡q
†Niv weavq cÖwZ ermi †g․mygx e„wócv‡Z mvgvb¨‡ZB cøvweZ n‡q hvq| GB cøveb
Z_v b`xevwnZ cwj Rgv n‡q G AÂ‡ji wbgœ Rjvf~wg‡Z mvMim`„k nvIi
AÂ‡ji m„wó n‡q‡Q e‡jI A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib| GB b`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ myigv I
KzwkqvivB cÖavb| GB b`x-AeevwnKvB nvIi AÂj| nvIi I b`xi Ae¯’vb
ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, G AÂ‡j nvIiwenxb A‡bK b`x Av‡Q wKš‘
b`xwenxb GKwU nvIiI †bB| myigv, Kzwkqviv, †mv‡gk¦ix, iZœv, †e․jvB, hv`yKvUv,
SvjKvwj, avgvwjqv, †bvqvMvs, Dwgqvg, ajvB, wcqvBb, mvix, ei`j, †MvqvBb,
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mybvB, Ryix, gby, jsjv, weweqvbv, †LvqvB, Kvjbx, myZvs cÖf„wZ b`x nvI‡ii cÖvY
wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
WvDwK Pz¨wZi e¨vcv‡i evsjvwcwWqvq ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔcÖvq 1 jÿ eM© wK‡jvwgUvi
wewkó myigv AeevwnKv Iwj‡Mvwmb I cøøv‡qvwmb Dchy‡Mi g‡a¨ †Kvb GK mgq
AebwgZ n‡q hvIqv e½xq AeevwnKvi DËi c~e©vÂj Ry‡o weivR Ki‡Q| wkjs
g¨vwm‡di `wÿ‡Y myigv DcZ¨Kvi DËivÂj w`‡q AwZµgKvix WvDwK Pz¨wZ
me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~-MvVwbK Dcv`vb, hvi Kvi‡Y AvwK©qvb wfwËwkjv myigv
DcZ¨Kvi 18 wK‡jvwgUvi Af¨šÍ‡i Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| MVbMZfv‡e myigv AeevwnKv
`ywU e„nr f~-MvVwbK Dcv`vb DË‡ii DwÌZ wkjs g¨vwmd Ges evg©v †cø‡Ui
cwðggyLx AMªmigvY B‡›`v-evg©v åvg¨gvY ewjZ ejq Øviv MwVZ|Õ11
evsjv‡`‡ki f~wgiƒc MVb I mÂvq‡bi µgweKvk ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i f~-weÁvbxiv
avibv †cvlY K‡ib †h, Uviwmqvwi hyM f~wgiƒc MV‡bi BwZnv‡mi Rb¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| ïay evsjv‡`‡k bq, mgMÖ fvi‡ZB G hy‡M e¨vcK IjU-cvjU
n‡q‡Q| †Kvev‡ii gnxLvZ m„RbxZË¡ g‡Z cÖvq 60 †KvwU eQi Av‡M eZ©gvb
wngvjq ce©‡Zi ¯’‡j wQj GK mvMi| Zvi bvg wQj †Uw_m | Gi DË‡i Av½viv
f~wg Avi `w¶‡Y M‡Ûvqvbv f~wg bv‡g `ywU gnv‡`k wQj| Gi `xN© ci Uviwmqvwi
hy‡M GK ÔgnvwMwiRwb Av‡›`vjbÕ ïiæ nq| G Av‡›`vj‡bi av°v G‡mwQj DË‡ii
Av½viv f~wgi Zid †_‡K Avi cÖwZnZ K‡i M‡Ûvqvbv f~wg hv wcÖ-K¨vgweªqvb
gnvhy‡Mi ÔAbof~wgÕ bv‡g L¨vZ| µgvMZ Pv‡ci d‡j gaëZ©x big cjj ¯Íi
m¼zwPZ n‡q fw½j ce©Z †kÖwYi m„wó K‡i hvi bvg wngvjq ceZ©gvjv|12
†Uw_m mvM‡ii ey‡K wngvjq ce©‡Zi DÌvb, evsjv‡`k AÂj Avmvg mvM‡i
wbgw¾Z nIqv Ges AmsL¨ wbgœRjv, n«` I wMwiLvZ m¤¢eZt G hy‡MB m„wó nq|
wµUvwmqvm †_‡K gv‡qvwmb (136-63 wgwjqb eQi Av‡M) Kv‡ji g‡a¨ Abygvb
K‡qKevi e½Lv‡Zi DÌvb I Aebgb N‡U| ivRkvnx I e¸ovi cÖvPxb Zyiv †e‡j
cv_i cix¶vi gva¨‡g cÖgvY cvIqv hvq, c¨vwjIwmb Kv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki DËivÂ‡j
gnv‡`kxq f~LÛ wQj, gv‡qvwmb hy‡M f~-Aebg‡bi d‡j Avevi weivU Ask mgy‡`ª
wbgw¾Z nq| G mg‡q wm‡j‡Ui †U‡Ki Nv‡U Pzbvcv_i m„wóKvix ÔcÖevjÕ RvZxq
mvgyw`ªK cÖvYxi Rb¥ nq|13 wm‡j‡Ui wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Pzbvcv_i mÂq †_‡K aviYv Kiv
nq †h, AÂjwU Iwj‡Mv-gv‡qvwmb hy‡M (3 †KvwU eQi c~‡e©) mgy`ª e‡ÿ wbgw¾Z
wQj|14
15
f~-cÖvK…wZK w`K †_‡K G AÂ‡ji Ab¨Zg f~wgiƒc cjj mgf~wg myigv I
Kzwkqviv b`x Øviv •Zwi n‡q‡Q| cwð‡g GB mgf~wg cyivZb eªþcy‡Îi mv‡_ Ges
`wÿ‡Y †gNbvi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| GB cjj mgf~wgi D”PZv mgy`ª mgZj
†_‡K 3 wgUvi n‡Z 10 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨| GB AÂj Ggb GK e„nr, mylg AebwgZ
f~-cÖK„wZ hv cwð‡g cyivZb eªþcyÎ, DË‡i †gNvjq gvjf~wgi cv`‡`k, c~‡e©
wm‡j‡Ui DuPz mgf~wg Ges `wÿ‡Y cyivZb †gNbv †gvnbv cøøvebf~wg Øviv †ewóZ|
c~e©-cwðg Ges DËi-`wÿ‡Y GB AeevwnKvi m‡e©v”P •`N©¨ 113 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii
wKQy †ewk| GB f~-cÖvK…wZK AÂjwU‡K wm‡jU AeevwnKv bv‡gI AwfwnZ Kiv
nq| AmsL¨ nª` (wej) I e„n`vK„wZi Rjvkq (nvIi) Øviv 5,025 eM©
wK‡jvwgUv‡ii GB GjvKv MwVZ| e„nr wcwiPvK„wZi GB AeevwnKv Aebgbkxj
Ges f~ZË¡we`‡ì g‡Z GB Aebgb cÖwµqv Nwbôfv‡e gaycyi M‡oi DÌv‡bi m‡½
m¤úwK©Z| weMZ 200 eQ‡i GB GjvKv 9 †_‡K 12 wgUvi AebwgZ n‡q‡Q e‡j
cwigvc Kiv nq Ges eZ©gv‡bI Zv mwµq i‡q‡Q|15
GB Rjvf~wg‡K evsjv‡`‡ki GKK me©wbgœ f~wg wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| nvI‡ii
g‡a¨ A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU ¯’vqx Rjvf~wg‡K wej ejv nq| G¸‡jv wbgœf~wg AÂ‡ji
me©wbgœ Ask `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| myigv I Kzwkqviv b`xi cÖwZ‡ekx Ab¨vb¨ cvnvwo
RjcÖevn †hgb gby, †LvqvB, gMiv, gvnv‡ov cÖf…wZ GB AÂ‡j Nb Rjwb®‥vkb
cwienb Rvj •Zwi K‡i‡Q| GB b`xevwnZ cwj g~jZ wm‡j‡Ui wbgœ cøvebf~wg
MV‡bi Drm|16
evsjv‡`‡ki DËi I c~e©fv‡Mi cvnvovÂj wngvjq ce©‡Zi mv‡_ mshy³ Avmvg I
wÎcyivi ce©Zgvjvq Askwe‡kl| G AÂ‡ji b`xmg~n mswkøó cvnvovÂj †_‡KB
Drcbœ| AwZwi³ ¶qcÖeY GB cvnvo †kªwY †_‡K AbšÍKvj n‡Z b`x †mªv‡Z e‡q
Avmv cwj, evwj, KuvKi cÖf„wZ we¯ÍxY© Rjfv‡M mwÂZ n‡q m„wó K‡i‡Q mgZj
f~wgi| PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, ev›ìevb, wm‡jU, w`bvRcyi, gqgbwmsn I
Kzwgjøvi wKQz Ask ev` w`‡j mgMÖ evsjv‡`kB cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv b`x we‡a․Z
mgf~wg| c~e© fv‡Mi PÆMÖvg, Kzwgjøv I wm‡jU AÂ‡ji wbgœfvM I gqgbwms‡ni
c~e©fv‡Mi we¯ÍxY© RjfvM e‡½vcmvM‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ wQj| D³ RjfvMB
ÔKvwj`n mvqiÕ wn‡m‡e my`~i AZx‡Z Kw_Z n‡Zv e‡j †jvKKvwnbx †_‡K Rvbv
hvq| GB Kvwj`n mvqi Uviwkqvwi hy‡M Aebg‡bi d‡j m„ó Rjfv‡Mi bvgvšÍi
nIqvB ¯^vfvweK| AbeiZ cvnvo ¶‡qi gva¨‡g mgy`ª e‡¶ †R‡M IVv mgZj
16
f~wgi gva¨‡g cÖvPxb Kv‡jB Dnv e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o Ges wm‡jU
I gqgbwmsn AÂ‡ji gaëZ©x GjvKvq m¼zwPZ n‡q mvMi m`„k wbgœvÂ‡j cwiYZ
nq| Kvjµ‡g Gi PZz®úv‡k¦© †R‡M IVv mgZj f~wg‡Z gvbe emwZ m¤cÖmvwiZ
nq| Aci w`‡K Gi fvwU As‡ki mgZj f~wgi ga¨ w`‡q D³ Rjvk‡qi †h aviv
e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ nq Zv †gNbv bv‡g evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg e„nr b`xi gh©v`v
jvf K‡i|
b`xi †mªvZ Ges cvnvo ¶‡qi aviv eZ©gvb Kv‡jI Ae¨vnZ| AvRI µgvMZ
fivU n‡”Q GB Rjfv‡Mi Zj‡`k| Gfv‡eB AZx‡Z GB wekvj Rjfv‡M †R‡M
IVv Pi ev mgZj f~wg wew”Qbœ fv‡e m„wó K‡i‡Q c„_K c„_K Rjvavi| g~jZ GB
Rjvavi¸‡jvB nvIi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| AZx‡Z GB nvIi¸‡jvi AvK…wZ
me©mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q mvMiZzj¨ wQj| m¤¢eZ ZvB AvÂwjK eënv‡i GB mvMi ev
mvMiZzj¨ RjfvM ÔnvIiÕ wn‡m‡e Kw_Z n‡Z _v‡K| c„_K c„_K nvIi c„_K
c„_K bv‡g Kw_Z nIqvi d‡j †hgb ÔmvqiÕ kãwU †jvc cvq †Zgwb †mB mvq‡ii
ÔKvwj`nÕ bvgwUI nq‡Zv GK mg‡q †jvK Kvwnbx‡Z cybe©vwmZ n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki f~wgi Ae¯’v I MVb Abymv‡i GLvbKvi f~-cªK…wZ‡K wZbwU cÖavb
fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvovÂj me© cÖavb| Gi c‡ii
Ae¯’v‡b cøvB‡÷vwmb Kv‡ji †mvcvb mg~n| †kl av‡c Av‡Q mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡ji
cøveb mgf~wg| G AÂj mg~n‡KI Avevi A‡bK¸‡jv fv‡M wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Uviwkqvwi AÂj mgMÖ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Ges AvswkKfv‡e PÆMÖvg, nweMÄ,
†g․jfxevRvi I wm‡jU †Rjvq mxgve×| cøvB‡÷vwmb †mvcvb DËi-cwðgvs‡ki
e‡i›`ªf~wg, ga¨fv‡Mi gaycyi I fvIqv‡ji Mo Ges Kzwgjøv †Rjvi jvjgvB cvnvo
GjvKvq mxgve×| evèvKx mgMÖ evsjv‡`k cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv, eªþcyÎ cÖf„wZ
b`x I G‡ì Dcb`x-kvLvb`x evwnZ cwj w`‡q MwVZ| el©vKv‡j G‡`‡ki
b`xmg~‡n cøveb nIqvi d‡j b`x AeevwnKvq cwj Rgv nq|
†`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z Rjvf~wg ev nvIi-wej G‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZi Ab¨Zg
cªavb •ewkó¨| wKQz Rjvf~wg‡Z mviv ermiB cvwb _v‡K| AwaKvsk¸‡jv kxZ I
MÖx‡®§ ïwK‡q hvq| ivRkvnx AÂ‡ji Pjbwej, †MvcvjM‡Äi wej, mybvgMÄ,
wm‡jU, †g․jfxevRvi, wK‡kviMÄ, †bÎ‡Kvbv, eªvþYevwoqv I †kicyi †Rjvi
nvIi I wej evsjv‡`‡ki GB we‡kl cÖvK…wZK •ewk‡óï D`vniY|
mv¤cÖwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf~wgi g‡a¨ wm‡jU, mybvgMÄ, †g․jfxevRvi I nweMÄ
17
†Rjvi AwaKvsk Ges wK‡kviMÄ I †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvi c~e©w`‡Ki mvgvb¨ Ask
wb‡q wm‡jU AeevwnKv AÂj MwVZ| GB GjvKvwU msjMœ cøveb mgf~wg n‡Z
A‡c¶vK…Z wbPz| mgy`ªc„ô n‡Z G AeevwnKvi D”PZv cÖvq 3 wgUvi (10 dzU)|
gaycyi †mvcvb MV‡bi m‡½I nvI‡ii DrcwËi welqwU RwoZ e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b
K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡Z, eªþcyÎ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x¸‡jvi GKwU| c~‡e© GB b`xi
MwZc_ wQj gaycy‡ii c~e© w`‡K| DrcwËKvj †_‡K AvVv‡iv kZvãx ch©šÍ GwU
GMviwmÜzi ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z wQj| 1787 mv‡j msNwUZ eb¨v I f~wgK‡¤úi d‡j GB
b`x Zvi MwZc_ cwieZ©b K‡i| GB cwieZ©bwU ïiæ nq 1720 mvj †_‡K Ges
†kl nq 1830 mv‡j| GB 110 erm‡i eªþcyÎ c~‡e©i MwZc_ cwieZ©b K‡i
gaycyi M‡oi cwðg w`‡Ki eZ©gvb MwZc_ ai‡j cwjgvwUi Afv‡e †`‡ki DËi-
c~e©vÂj wbPz †_‡K hvq|
wKš‘ G aviYvwU cÖ_gZ: f~-MVb cÖwµqvi BwZnv‡mi wbwi‡L MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j
A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib bv| wØZxqZ: m¤ú~Y© nvIi AÂjwU wm‡jU AeevwnKvq
Aew¯’Z| G AeevwnKv g~jZ †gNbv b`xi DRvb Ask †_‡K eiv‡Ki kvLv myigv
I Kzwkqviv b`xi DRvb Ask ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| eivK b`x Avmv‡gi bvMv cvnvo n‡Z
Drcbœ n‡q gwbcyi iv‡Rï †fZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q fvi‡Zi eìcyi I wm‡j‡Ui
Agjwm` bvgK ¯’v‡b myigv I Kzwkqviv bv‡g `yÕwU kvLvq wef³ n‡q‡Q| Gici
myigv b`x Lvwmqv I RqwšÍqv cvnv‡oi wbKU w`‡q Ges Kzwkqviv b`x †dÂzMÄ I
evjvMÄ n‡q ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b wewfbœ bvg aviY I wewfbœ b`xi †kÖvZaviv wb‡q DËivÂj
I c~e©vÂjxq cve©Z¨ GjvKv, DËivÂj I c~e©vÂj cv`‡`kxq mgf~wg, myigv-
Kzwkqviv cøvebf~wg, wm‡jU cøøvebf~wg Ges cyi‡bv †gNbv †gvnbv cøøvebf~wg GB
cuvPwU cøvebf~wg cvi n‡q †gNbvi mv‡_ GKwÎZ n‡q‡Q|17 G AÂj cÖwZ ermi
cvnvwo X‡j eûevi eb¨vKewjZ nIqvq b`x-evwnZ cwj-evwj‡Z †Kej mgZj
f~wgi D”PZvB e„w× cv‡”Q bv, b`-b`xi Zj‡`kI fivU n‡q ch©vß cvwb avi‡Yi
ÿgZv nviv‡”Q |
nvIi AÂj m¤ú‡K© W. `x‡bkP›`ª †mb Ô•ggbwmsn MxwZKvÕi f~wgKvq PgrKvi
GKwU eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, ÒDË‡i Mv‡iv cvnvo, RqšÍv I Lvwmqvi Amg
•kj‡kªwY, Ñ Zvnv‡ì c`‡jnb Kwiqv GKw`‡K †mv‡gk¦ix I Aci w`‡K Ksm
QzwUqv‡Q| GB we¯Í…Z f~LÐ Qvwoqv `wÿY-c~‡eŸ© bvbv avivq aby, dz‡jk¦ix,
iv‡Rk¦ix, †Nviv-Driv, myÜv, †gNbv I eªþcyÎ °wPr •fie i‡e, °wPr exYvi b¨vq
18
gayi wb°‡b cÖevwnZ nBqv‡Q| GB mKj b`b`xi AšÍeŸ©Ë©x †`kmgyn GKKv‡j
R‡ji bx‡P wQj| GB mg¯ÍÍ cÖ‡`kB GLbI eû wej I RjvkqvKxY©| wej¸wj‡K
Z`Â‡j ÔnvIiÕ e‡j|Ó
wm‡jU AeevwnKvi mybvgMÄ, wm‡jU, †g․jfxevRvi, nweMÄ, eªvþYevwoqv,
wK‡kviMÄ I †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjv cwi‡ewóZ I mgš^‡q GB nvIi AÂjwU MwVZ|
nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK GLv‡b i‡q‡Q cÖvq 414wU nvIi| GB
nvIi¸‡jv‡Z Avevi wewfbœ gv‡ci cÖvq 6,300wU wej we`¨gvb| G ¸‡jvi g‡a¨
cÖvq 3,500wU ¯’vqx I 2,800wU A¯’vqx ev FZzwfwËK wej|18
hv‡nvK f~-weeZ©‡bi bvbv avc †cwi‡q eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k AÂ‡ji m„wó| GiB GK
av‡c f~-Aebg‡bi d‡j †h wbgœ Rjvf~wgi m„wó nq Zv `w¶YeZ©x mgy‡`ªi mv‡_
mshy³ wQj e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| †h Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb gqgbwmsn I wm‡jU
AÂ‡ji gaëZ©x nvIi AÂjwU e‡½vcmvM‡ii Askwe‡klB wQj e‡j cÖvPxb bvbv
Z_¨ †_‡K AeMZ nIqv hvq|
†Kej f~-cÖK…wZMZ •ewP‡Îi Kvi‡Y bq Ñ A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‥…wZK I
cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h©i `„wó‡KvY †_‡KI evsjv‡`‡ki nvIi GK weivU ¯’vb Ry‡o
Av‡Q| el©v Kv‡j wekvj nvIi GjvKvq A‣_ cvwbi †h․eb †`L‡j mvMi e‡j åg
nq| Øx‡ci g‡Zv MÖvg¸‡jv †f‡m _v‡K A‣_ cvwb‡Z| A_P kxZKv‡j †mLv‡bB
we¯ÍxY© gvV fiv dm‡ji k¨vgwjgvq gb f‡i hvq|
mnvqK m~Î :
1. wewfbœ Z‡_¨ nvIivÂ‡ji AvqZb wfbœ wfbœ cwigvY D‡jøL Av‡Q| GLv‡b me©‡kl 2011 wLª÷v‡ãi †mÝvm
wi‡cvU©‡K (Population & Housing Census-2011, National vol.-2, Union statistics,
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) we‡ePbvq †bqv n‡q‡Q| †mg‡Z †Kej nvIi AaÿwlZ
Dc‡Rjvmg~‡ni AvqZb 35,91,905 GKi (14,53,592 †n±i / 14,535.90 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
†RjvwfwËK AvqZb : mybvgMÄ 9,25,947 GKi / 3,74,717 †n±i / 3,747.17 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi; wm‡jU
8,00,095 GKi / 3,23,787 †n±i / 3,237.87 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi; nweMÄ 4,56,358 GKi / 184,681
†n±i / 1,846.81 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi; †g․jfxevRvi 3,29,793 GKi / 1,33,462 †n±i / 1,334.62 eM©
wK‡jvwgUvi; wK‡kviMÄ 6,64,365 GKi / 2,68,858 †n±i / 2,688.59 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi, †bÎ‡Kvbv
2,83,960 GKi / 1,14,914 †n±i / 1,149.14 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi I eªvþYevwoqv 1.31,387 GKi /
53,170 †n±i / 531.70 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb †evW©Õi ZvwjKv Abyhvqx †KejgvÎ
19
414wU nvI‡i †gvU f~wgi cwigvY 7,71,999 †n±i| †mg‡Z mybvgMÄ 2,50,410 †n±i / 6,18,776
GKi; wm‡jU 1,02,223 †n±i / 2,52,598 GKi; nweMÄ †Rjv 39,132 †n±i / 96,697 GKi;
†g․jfxevRvi 37,414 †n±i 92,452 GKi; wK‡kviMÄ 1,82,103 †n±i / 4,49,986 GKi; †bÎ‡Kvbv
1,50,116 †n±i / 3,70,944 GKi Ges eªvþYevwoqv 10,581 †n±i / 26,146 GKi| me©‡gvU
7,71,999 †n±i ev 19.07,651 GKi|
2. †KD †KD nvIivÂ‡ji AvqZb 24,000 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi D‡jøL K‡i G AÂj‡K †`‡ki †gvU AvqZ‡bi
Qq fv‡Mi GKfvM `vwe Kivi cÖqvk †c‡q‡Qb hv ev¯ÍeZvi cwicš’x e‡jB g‡b nq| 2011 wLª÷v‡ãi
†mÝvm wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU AvqZb 1,47,570 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| nvIi AaÿwlZ †gvU 7wU
†Rjvi g‡a¨ ïaygvÎ mybvgMÄ I wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv m¤ú~Yi© ƒ‡c nvIi Ges evKx 5wU †Rjv AvswkKfv‡e nvIi
AaÿwlZ| G 7wU †Rjvi †gvU AvqZb 19,948.53 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi A_©vr GK-mßgvsk (cÖvq)| †h‡nZz
m¤ú~Y© †Rjv nvIi AaÿwlZ bq †m‡nZz †Kej nvIi AaÿwlZ Dc‡Rjvmg~n we‡ePbvq †bqvB hyw³hy³| nvIi
AaÿwlZ Dc‡Rjvmg~‡ni †gvU AvqZb 14,535.92 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| †m wn‡m‡e nvIivÂ‡ji cwigvY GK-
`kgvsk (cÖvq)|
3. ievU© wjÛ‡m, wm‡j‡U Avgvi ev‡iv eQi, fvlvšÍi t Avãyj nvwg` gvwbK| †K›`ªxq gymwjg mvwnZ¨ msm`,
wm‡jU 2002| c„ôv / 33|
4. W. Ave`yj Kwig, evsjvi BwZnvm (1200-1857)| eovj cÖKvkbx 1999| c„ôv / 137|
5. kÖx •KjvmP›`ª wmsn, ivRgvjv ev wÎcyivi BwZnvm, A¶i ms¯‥iY 1405 e½vã| c„ôv / 154|
6. S N H Rizvi, East Pakistan District Gazetteers Sylhet, East Pakistan Government
Press, Dacca 1970. P. / 7.
7. gvneye nvmvb, evsjv‡`k : cÖK…wZ I m¤ú` | evsjv GKv‡Wgx| c„ôv / 11|
8. gyn¤§` mv‡q`yi ingvb, nweMÄ †Rjvi BwZnvm| Drm cÖKvkb 2010| c„ôv / 23|
9. gvneye nvmvb, evsjv‡`k : cÖK…wZ I m¤ú`| evsjv GKv‡Wgx| c„ôv / 24|
10. gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖeÜ t nvIi Ges nvIi GjvKvi gvby‡li AwaKvi iÿvq D‡`¨vM cÖ‡qvRb / cÖ_g
Av‡jv, 7 gvP© 2008 msL¨v|
11. evsjvwcwWqv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU| myigv AeevwnKv `ª:|
12. gvneye nvmvb, evsjv‡`k : cÖK…wZ I m¤ú`| evsjv GKv‡Wgx| c„ôv / 14|
13. gyn¤§` mv‡q`yi ingvb, nweMÄ †Rjvi BwZnvm| Drm cÖKvkb 2010| c„ôv / 22|
14. Gd GBP Lvb, wRI‡jvwR Ae evsjv‡`k| BDwcGj, XvKv 1991| c„ôv / 207|
15. evsjvwcwWqv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU / f~-cÖK…wZ `ªt|
16. †gvnv¤§` kvgmyj Avjg I Ab¨vb¨, cÖeÜ : wm‡j‡Ui cwieZ©bkxj †f․‡MvwjK cwi‡ek, wm‡jU t BwZnvm I
HwZn¨ / m¤úv`bvqt kixd DwÏb Avn‡g`| c„ôv / 53-54|
17. Avn‡g` `xcy, cÖeÜt fviZ AvšÍR©vwZK ixwZ j•Nb K‡i‡Q evsjv‡`‡k Pj‡Q ivRbxwZ| •`wbK mgKvj, 29
RyjvB 2009|
18. evsjvwcwWqv , evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU / nvIi `ªt|
20
wØZxq Aa¨vq
nvI‡ii cwiwPwZ
eZ©gv‡b nvIi ej‡Z eySvq ¯^Zš¿ ai‡bi Ggb GKwU wbPz GjvKv ev Rjvf~wg Ñ
hv Kg‡ekx †MvjvKvi Ges wbR¯^ Avf¨šÍixY cvwb wb®‥vkb eë¯’v m¤úbœ AÂj|
ï®‥ †g․my‡g nvI‡ii wbgœZg As‡k GKvwaK wej _v‡K| wej¸‡jv Lv‡ji gva¨‡g
b`xi mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| el©vKv‡j GB GjvKv 10-15 dzU Mfxi cvwbi wb‡P P‡j
hvq| mgy`ªc„ô †_‡K nvIi¸‡jvi Mo D”PZv 2.00 wgUvi †_‡K 4.00 wgUvi|
mybvgMÄ Ges nweMÄ †Rjvi wKQz msL¨K nvI‡ii Mo D”PZv 1.50 wgUvi †_‡K
2.00 wgUvi| Aewkó GjvKvi D”PZv 2.00 †_‡K 4.00 wgUvi|1
nvIi¸‡jv‡K A‡b‡K Mvgjvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K†ib| Gi PZyw`©‡Ki ¯’jfvM DuPz
mgZj Ges ga¨fvM MZ©vKvi| wKš‘ Zv mwVK bq| G AvK…wZ mvaviYZ
wej¸‡jvi †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨| GKB nvI‡i A‡bK¸‡jv wej _vKvq wej¸‡jvi
Ae¯’vb hLb ¯úó nq A_©vr we‡ji Kvw›`¸‡jv †f‡m DV‡j wej †_‡K we‡j Gi
AvK…wZ A‡bKUv †XD †Ljv‡bv we¯ÍxÍ Y© AÂ‡j cwiYZ nq| mgMÖ nvIi AÂ‡ji
PZym©xgv GiKg †h, Gi c~e© mxgvbvq wm‡jU wefv‡Mi DuPz AÂj, `w¶‡Y
eªvþYevwoqv I •fi‡ei DuPz AÂj, cwð‡g wK‡kviMÄ I †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvi DuPz
Ask Ges DË‡i fvi‡Zi cvnvwo AÂj| el©vKv‡j Avk-cv‡ki GjvKv cøvweZ
nIqvi A‡bK c~‡e©B nvIi GjvKv cvwbi wb‡P P‡j hvq| mvaviYZ `yÕevi GLv‡b
eb¨v nq| cÖ_‡g GwcÖj n‡Z Ry‡bi wfZ‡i (•ekvL-•Rô¨), wØZxq evi ¯^vfvweK
el©vKv‡j| G mg‡qi el©v cÖvq Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K gvm ch©šÍ ¯’vqx nq| mgy`ªc„ô n‡Z
mybvgMÄ GjvKvq nvIi¸‡jvi D”PZv 2 wgUvi| G Kvi‡Y fvi‡Zi †gNvjq A_ev
eivK DcZ¨Kvi †h †Kv‡bv e„wócv‡Zi cvwb mevi Av‡M mybvgMÄ GjvKvq
nvI‡ii w`‡K avweZ nq Ges GB GjvKvi wbgœvÂj c~Y© K‡i `w¶‡Y mvM‡ii
w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
nvIi AeevwnKvwU DË‡i †gNvjq ce©Zgvjv, `wÿ‡Y wÎcyivi cvnvo Ges c~e©
w`‡K gwbcy‡ii D”P f~wg w`‡q †Niv weavq cÖwZ ermi †g․mygx e„wócv‡Z
21
mvgvb¨‡ZB cøvweZ n‡q hvq| fvi‡Zi AmsL¨ cvnvwo b`x GB AeevwnKvq cvwb
mieivn K‡i| el©vKv‡j 6/7 wgUvi ch©šÍ Mfxi cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q hvq G AÂj|
ï®‥ †g․my‡g †m cvwbi AwaKvskB m‡i hvq| ZLb we‡ji AMfxi cvwb‡Z MwR‡q
I‡V cÖPzi •ewPÎgq RjR Dw™¢`| cvwb wbqš¿‡Y Avmvi ci BRvivf~³ we‡j gvQ
aivi a~g c‡o hvq| wgVv cvwbi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY gvQ AvniY Kiv nq GB
AÂj †_‡K| Liv †g․my‡gi †k‡li w`‡K cvwb G‡Kev‡i ïwK‡q †M‡j †mLvbKvi
AwZ De©i cwjgvwUi we¯ÍÍxY© cÖvšÍ‡i P‡j avb Pv‡li †Zvo‡Rvo|
nvIi AÂjwU‡K Rwo‡q †i‡L‡Q †QvU-eo AmsL¨ b`x| myigv I Kzwkqvivi kvLv
I Dcb`x †ewóZ nvIivÂ‡ji cvwbi cÖevnB †gNbv bv‡g hvÎv K‡i e‡½vcmvM‡i
cwZZ n‡q‡Q| g~jZ myigv I Kzwkqvivi wgjb¯’j Ges †gNbvi DrcwË¯’jB
nvI‡ii †K›`ª ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡j wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯ÍÍ cÖ_v Pvjy nIqvi mgq †_‡K nvIimg~n
f~¯^vgx‡ì `L‡j P‡j hvq| ¯’vbxq f~¯^vgxiv ZLb miKvi‡K ivR¯^ w`‡Z nvIi
GjvKv BRviv w`‡Zb| KL‡bv KL‡bv jv‡LivR m¤úwË wn‡m‡e Giv nvIi
GjvKvi wewfbœ Rjgnvj I f~wg `vb Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e nvIi GjvKvq e¨vcK
RbemwZi m„wómn †mLv‡b GKwU awbK †kªwYiI DrcwË nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki nvIi GjvKv KZUzKz Zvi mwVK cwimsL¨vb †bB| wm‡jU wWw÷ª±
†M‡RwUqv‡i †Kej gvÎ wm‡jU †Rjvq (eZ©gv‡b wm‡jU wefvM) 35 wU eo nvIi
Ges 475 wU †QvU nvI‡ii K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|2 eZ©gv‡b miKvwi wewfbœ
wefv‡Mi GgbwK GKB wefv‡MiB c„_K cwimsL¨v‡b wfbœ wfbœ Z_¨ j¶¨ Kiv
hvq| †`‡ki †gvU 64wU †Rjvi g‡a¨ 7wU †Rjv nvIi GjvKv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i GKwU m~‡Î 7,84,000 †n±i Rjvf~wg‡Z nvI‡ii
msL¨v 423wU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB m~Î g‡Z me©vwaK msL¨K 133wU nvIi
mybvgMÄ †Rjvq, 122wU wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvq, 80wU †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvq, 43wU
wm‡jU †Rjvq, 38wU nweMÄ †Rjvq, 4wU †g․jfxevRvi †Rjvq Ges 3wU
eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvq Aew¯’Z|3 cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i I‡qemvB‡U †`qv Z_¨ g‡Z
evsjv‡`‡k nvI‡ii msL¨v 411wU4, hvi †gvU AvqZb 8000 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| D³
†ev‡W©i Aci GKwU m~Îg‡Z †gvU nvI‡ii msL¨v 395wU Ges nvIi GjvKvi †gvU
AvqZb 2417 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|5 Aciw`‡K evsjv‡`k nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb
22
†evW©-Gi cwiwPwZ I Kvh©µg m¤úwK©Z cÖwZ‡e`‡b (†g / 2010 wLªt) nvI‡ii
†gvU msL¨v 414wU Ges nvIi GjvKvi cwigvb 7,83,939 †n±i D‡jøøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †m g‡Z mybvgM‡Ä 132wU (249,410 †n.), wm‡j‡U 43wU (115,183
†n.), †g․jfxevRv‡i 3wU (37,414 †n.), nweM‡Ä 30wU (39,132 †n.),
eªvþYevwoqvq 3wU (10,581 †n.) wK‡kviM‡Ä 122wU (182,103 †n.) Ges
†bÎ‡Kvbvq 81wU (150,116 †n.)|6
wewfbœ Z‡_¨ nvIivÂ‡ji AvqZb wfbœ wfbœ cwigvY D‡jøL Av‡Q| GLv‡b me©‡kl
2011 wLª÷v‡ãi †mÝvm wi‡cvU©‡K7 we‡ePbvq †bqv n‡q‡Q| †mg‡Z †Kej nvIi
AaÿwlZ Dc‡Rjvmg~‡ni AvqZb 35,91,905 GKi (14,53,592 †n±i /
14,535.90 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v 1,16,95,963 Rb| †RjvwfwËK
AvqZb : mybvgMÄ 9,25,947 GKi / 3,74,717 †n±i / 3,747.12 eM©
wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v 24,67,968 Rb; wm‡jU 8,00,095 GKi /
3,23,787 †n±i / 3,237.87 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v 31,80,800 Rb;
nweMÄ 4,56,358 GKi / 184,681 †n±i / 1,846.81 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges
RbmsL¨v 14,67,873 Rb; †g․jfxevRvi 3,29,793 GKi / 1,33,462 †n±i /
1,334.62 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v 1,10,886 Rb; wK‡kviMÄ
6,64,365 GKi / 2,68,858 †n±i / 2,688.59 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges
RbmsL¨v 29,11,907 Rb; †bÎ‡Kvbv 2,83,960 GKi / 1,14,914 †n±i /
1,149.14 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v 6,91,348 Rb; eªvþYevwoqv
1.31,387 GKi / 53,170 †n±i / 531.70 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v
8,65,181 Rb | nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb †evW©Õi ZvwjKv Abyhvqx †KejgvÎ
414wU nvI‡i †gvU f~wgi cwigvY 7,71,999 †n±i| †mg‡Z mybvgMÄ
2,50,410 †n±i / 6,18,776 GKi; wm‡jU 1,02,223 †n±i / 2,52,598
GKi; nweMÄ †Rjv 39,132 †n±i / 96,697 GKi; †g․jfxevRvi 37,414
†n±i 92,452 GKi; wK‡kviMÄ 1,82,103 †n±i / 4,49,986 GKi;
†bÎ‡Kvbv 1,50,116 †n±i / 3,70,944 GKi Ges eªvþYevwoqv 10,581 †n±i
/ 26,146 GKi| me©‡gvU 7,71,999 †n±i ev 19.07,651 GKi|
23
nvIi Dbœqb †evW© MVb Ges nvIi I euvIo msµvšÍ †g․jK Z_¨:
nvIi AÂjwU K…wl, grm¨, Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ I bvbviKg cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì wekvj
fvÐvi nIqv m‡Ë¡I AZx‡Z Gi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM wQj bv|
1977 mv‡j cÖ_g G AÂ‡ji Dbœqb I HwZn¨ msiÿ‡bi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU D‡`¨vM
M„nxZ nq Ges †m ermi 22 †deªæqvwi GK AwW©b¨vÝÕi gva¨‡g ÔnvIi Dbœqb
†evW©Õ MVb Kiv nq| wKš‘ 1982 mv‡ji 21 †m‡Þ¤î D³ †evW© wejyß Kiv nq|
cieZ©x‡Z †`‡ki DËi-c~e©vÂ‡ji wm‡jU, mybvgMÄ, †g․jfxevRvi, nweMÄ,
eªvþYevoxqv, †bÎ‡Kvbv I wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi nvIi ; `wÿY-cwðgvÂ‡ji h‡kvi,
wSbvB`n, dwi`cyi, Kzwóqv I PzqvWv½v †Rjvi euvDo ; mviv‡`‡k Qwo‡q wQwU‡q
_vKv Rjvf~wg Ges Gi Rxe‣ewPÎ¨, grm¨, kl¨, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` iÿbv‡eÿb I
Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ 2000 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤î GK miKvwi †iRywjDk‡bi gva¨‡g
cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b Ôevsjv‡`k nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb †evW©Õ MVb
Kiv nq|
¯’vbxq miKvi cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿x, A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿x, cwi‡ek I eb
gš¿x, cvwb m¤ú` gš¿x, K…wl gš¿x, grm¨ I cï m¤ú` gš¿x, f~wg cÖwZgš¿x,
cwiKíbv cÖwZgš¿x Ges miKvi KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ mswkøó GjvKvi 3 Rb msm`
m`‡mï mgš^‡q †evW© MwVZ nq| D³ †ev‡W©i †Pqvicvm©b cÖavbgš¿x Ges m`m¨-
mwPe wQ‡jb cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe|
AÂjwfwËK nvI‡ii ZvwjKv

evsjv‡`k nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb †ev‡W©i gv÷vi cøø¨vb Abyhvqx nvI‡ii †gvU
msL¨v 414 Ges me©‡gvU AvqZb 7,71,973 †n±i| †mg‡Z mybvgMÄ †Rjvi
131wU nvI‡ii †gvU f~wgi cwigvY 2,50,410 †n±i; wm‡jU †Rjvi 44wU nvI‡i
(Zš§‡a¨ `ywU nvI‡ii bvg Ges AvqZ‡bi †Kv‡bv D‡jøL †bB) 1,02,223 †n±i;
nweMÄ †Rjvi 28wU nvI‡i 39,132 †n±i; †g․jfxevRvi †Rjvi 3wU nvI‡i
37,414 †n±i; wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi 121wU nvI‡i 1,82,103 †n±i; †bÎ‡Kvbv
†Rjvi 79wU nvI‡i 1,50,116 †n±i Ges eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi 4wU nvI‡ii
cwigvY 10,581 †n±i|
24
nvI‡ii ZvwjKv we‡kølY
Dc‡iv³ 414 wU nvI‡ii ZvwjKv we‡kølY Ki‡j †ek wKQy AmvgÄm¨ cwijw¶Z
nq| cÖ_gZ: 158 I 159 bs µwg‡K †Kv‡bv nvI‡ii bvg wKsev Aci †Kv‡bv
Z‡_ï D‡jøL bv _vKvq Ggwb‡ZB ZvwjKvwU 412 R‡b †b‡g Av‡m| wØZxqZ:
GKB nvIi GKvwaK Dc‡Rjv GgbwK GKvwaK †Rjv‡ZI we¯Í…Z Av‡Q| ZvB
Giƒc †¶‡Î GKB nvIi‡K c„_K c„_K µwg‡K wjwce× Kiv n‡j nvI‡ii msL¨v
A‡h․w³Kfv‡e ùxZ n‡Z eva¨| G †¶‡Î g‡b nq ZvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb,
KiPvi nvIi 1, 121 I 192 GB 3wU µwg‡K, †WKvi nvIi 6 I 20, †PwÞi
nvIi 42 I 51, Qvqvi nvIi 63 I 72, kwbi nvIi 117 I 124, eMv nvIi
138 I 152, PvZj nvIi 148 I 157, †gwì nvIi 54, 177 I 411,
¸w½qvRywo nvIi 201, 204 I 205, eo nvIi 209, 256, 300, 317 I 375,
bvbxi nvIi 254 I 296 Ges ûMjxi nvIi 336, 370 I 371 µwg‡K D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| AÁvZ Kvi‡Y ÔgvK©ywj-†fov‡gvnbv WyešÍ euvaÕ (µwgK 87),
Ô†Mvcjv b`xi Zx‡i evuaÕ (µwgK 203) BZ¨vw` cÖKíI nvIi wn‡m‡e AšÍfy³ ©
n‡q‡Q| Avevi nweM‡Äi †Nvj‡Wvevi nvIi, nweecyi nvIi, Av¸qvi nvIi;
wm‡j‡Ui nvBwjKv, ev‡ovqv, gKiwm, †lvjnvIi; mybvgM‡Äi eo mvIjv,
†lvjmvo, gnvB, UMvinvIi; †g․jfxevRv‡ii KvDqvw`Nx; wK‡kviM‡Äi
weiæwjqvmn eûj cwiwPZ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nvI‡ii bvg ev` c‡o‡Q wKsev Ab¨
†Kv‡bv bv‡g nq‡Zv AšÍfy³© n‡q‡Q| ZvwjKvi AvqZb m¤úwK©Z KjvgwU GKUz
gb‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ j¶¨ Ki‡jB Zv †h †¶Îwe‡k‡l Abygvb wbf©i ZviI cÖgvY †c‡Z
Kó nq bv| GB ZvwjKvq GKvwaK b`xZxieZx© evua‡K †hgb nvI‡ii mv‡_ ¸wj‡q
†djv n‡q‡Q Ñ †Zgwb GKvwaK †QvU †QvU nvIi‡K GKwU msL¨vq GKwÎZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hgb, 31 µwg‡K LvwjMv I RvMwjqv nvIi, 126 µwg‡K ej`v
†MvjvNvU I †jvevi nvIi, 202 µwg‡K †kIjv I c~‡ei nvIi, 409 µwg‡K
gvMb I Zjvi nvIi BZ¨vw`| mewKQz wgwj‡q cÖK…Z A‡_© AÂjwfwËK nvI‡ii
msL¨vi mv‡_ GB ZvwjKvq D‡jøwLZ msLvi AšÍZ wKQzUv AmvgÄm¨ _vKvB
¯^vfvweK e‡j g‡b Kiv hvq|
ZvwjKvwU Bs‡iRx‡Z wjwce×| nvI‡ii bvg¸wj g~jZ: AvÂwjK fvlvq Kw_Z
nq| AvÂwjK fvlvi bvg¸wj Bs‡iRx‡Z wjLvi mg‡q nq‡Zv AmZK©Zvi ìæY
eû evbvb weåvUI N‡U‡Q| d‡j Bs‡iRx‡Z cÖKvwkZ ZvwjKvi A‡bK bv‡gi evsjv
25
Abyev` Ges mswkøó nvI‡ii AvÂwjK cÖK…Z bv‡gi †¶‡ÎI weåvwšÍi cÖgvY cvIqv
hvq| †hgb, KiPvi nvIi <KviPi nvIi, Kv½jvi nvIi < Kvjbvi nvIi,
†Rvqvjfv½v <Rjfv½v, mv½vBi <mv½Bj, †mvbv‡gvoj <mvb‡gvivj, KbPvLvB
<KvbvRLvB, †PwÞi <PvcvwZi, †fov‡gvnbv <fiv‡gvnbv, weivU <weivwZi
BZ¨vw` fv‡e †jLv n‡Z †`Lv hvq| m‡›`n †bB †h, nvIi GjvKv †`‡ki
A_©bxwZ‡Z Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb ivL‡Q| ¯’vbxq miKvi gš¿Yvj‡qi ZË¡veav‡b cvwb
Dbœqb †evW©, grm¨ Awa`ßi, cwi‡ek Awa`ßi, wewfbœ AvšÍRv© wZK Dbœqb ms¯’v I
GbwRI mswkøó AÂ‡j eû Dbœqb cÖKí MÖnY I ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| A_P GB
m¤¢vebvgq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK welqwUi Z_¨wfwËK mwVK
cwimsL¨vb bv _vKvwU `ytLRbK|
cÖm½Z: cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i I‡qemvB‡U †ckK…Z GKwU Z‡_ï Awbevh© we‡kølY
Kiv nj| cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mswkøó I‡qemvB‡U Zv‡ì ZvwjKvi 411wU nvI‡ii
g‡a¨ bZzbfv‡e AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ m¤úvw`Z mgx¶vi cÖ¯vÍ ebv †gvZv‡eK
wm‡jU †Rjvi 37wU nvI‡ii GKwU ZvwjKv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ ZvwjKvwU
we‡kølø Y Ki‡j fve‡Z Kó nq †h, GwU GKwU miKvwi ms¯’vi we‡klÁ KZ©„K
cÖYxZ ev Dc¯’vwcZ| Gi KviY n‡”Q, mswkøó I‡qemvB‡U cÖKí¸‡jv wm‡jU
†Rjvi Aaxb D‡jøL Kiv n‡jI cÖK…Zc‡¶ 37wU nvI‡ii g‡a¨ 19wU mybvgMÄ,
4wU wm‡jU, 1wU nweMÄ, 1wU †g․jfxevRvi I 2wU wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi Aaxb| evwK
10wU nvIi Ô414wU ev 411wU nvI‡ii ZvwjKvÕi AšÍfy³© B bq|
f~-MvVwbK cÖwµqvi gva¨‡gB nvI‡ii DrcwË| †gNbv I Gi kvLv b`xmg~n Øviv
MwVZ cøveb f~wgi ¯’vqx I †g․mygx n«` wb‡qB MwVZ n‡qwQj nvIi AeevwnKv|
†mLv‡b cÖPzi •ewPÎ¨c~Y© RjR Dw™¢` _vKZ| wKš‘ µgv¤^wqK Ae‡¶c‡bi Kvi‡Y
AeevwnKv¸‡jvi MfxiZv K‡g wM‡q Piv †R‡M †mLv‡b †nvMjv, bjLvMovi †Svc
MwR‡q I‡V| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYxi Lv`¨ I Avkª‡qi
Av`k© ¯’vb n‡q I‡V nvIi AÂj¸‡jv| Ab¨w`‡K hvhvei cvwL‡ì AvKl©Yxq
Avevm¯’‡j cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Avevi hvhvei cvwL‡ì gjgyÎ mg„× n‡q De©i
Rjgnvj¸‡jv Dw™¢‡ì Rš§ I we¯Ívi cÖwµqv‡K AskZ mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q|
cvk¦©eZ©x fvi‡Zi AmsL¨ cvnvwo b`x GB nvIi AÂ‡j cvwb mieivn K‡i|
el©vKv‡j 6 wgUvi ch©šÍ Mfxi we¯ÍxY© eb¨vi cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q _v‡K GB AÂj| ï®‥
†g․my‡g AwaKvsk cvwb m‡i hvq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv AMfxi GjvKvq cvwb‡Z MwR‡q
26
I‡V cÖPzi cwigv‡Y •ewPÎ¨gq RjR Dw™¢`| Liv †g․my‡gi †k‡li w`‡K cvwb
ïwK‡q †M‡j De©i cwjgvwUi cÖvšÍ‡i av‡bi e¨vcK dj‡bi †Zvo‡Rvo P‡j|
myigv I Kzwkqvivi m‡½ mshy³ Ab¨vb¨ †QvU Lv‡Uv cvnvwo b`x †hgb - gby,
†LvqvB, hv`yKvUv, wcqvBb, †gvMiv cÖf„wZ mshy³ n‡q‡Q nvI‡ii RjwbM©g cÖYvjxi
m‡½| GB b`x¸‡jvi gva¨‡g e„wói cvwb I cwj mwÂZ nq nvI‡ii m‡½ mshy³
mgf~wg‡Z| GB mgf~wgi Aewkóvsk eb¨vq cøvweZ nq cÖvq 7 †_‡K 8 gv‡mi
Rb¨| el©vKv‡j nvIi¸‡jv mgy‡`ªi AvK…wZ aviY K‡i| hvi d‡j mswkøó
MÖvg¸‡jv‡K †`Lv hvq Øx‡ci g‡Zv| KL‡bv KL‡bv RyjvB †_‡K †m‡Þ¤^‡ii g‡a¨
evZv‡m Drcbœ nq wekvj †XDÑ hv emZevwoi Rb¨ ¶wZi KviY n‡q ùvovq|
mgMÖ mybvgMÄ †Rjv, nweMÄ †Rjvi e„n`vsk, wm‡jU kni I †g․jfxevRvi
†Rjvi Askwe‡kl wb‡q wm‡jU wefv‡Mi eo AskB nvIi GjvKv| nvIi¸‡jv‡K
evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q Drcv`bkxj Rjvf~wg wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| e¨vcK
Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ aviY Ges cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek msi¶‡Y nvI‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| ¯’vqx
I AwZw_ cvwL‡ì Avevm¯’j wn‡m‡eI nvIi¸‡jv mycwiwPZ| eb¨vi cvwb P‡j
hvevi ci nvI‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wewfbœ cÖKvi gvQ, kvgyK, wSbyK BZ¨vw` cvIqv
hvq| ï®‥ †g․my‡g mswkøó GjvKv cï PviYf~wg wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| •ewPÎ¨gq
AvevwmK I hvhvei RvZxq RjR c¶xmn AmsL¨ nuv‡mi Avevm¯’j QvovI eû
eb¨ cªvYxi wbivc` Avkªq¯’j wn‡m‡eI nvIi GjvKv MY¨ nq|
Dc‡iv³ QK g‡Z nvIimg~n 2417 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKvq we¯Í…Z| wKš‘ nvIi
†Rjvmg~‡ni AvqZb 20022 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi hv mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq GK
mßgvsk| †`‡ki GB wekvj As‡ki A_©bxwZ AvewZ©Z n‡”Q GB nvIi¸‡jv‡Z
Drcvw`Z dmj, grm¨ m¤ú` I Ab¨vb¨ Dw™¢`RvZ cY¨‡K †K›`ª K‡iB|
•ewPÎ¨c~Y© cÖvK…wZK †kvfvgq GB nvIi AÂj AvR ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| AwZwi³
RbmsL¨vi Pv‡c gvwU fivU K‡i †mLv‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q emZevox, cÖvwšÍK f~wg‡Z
m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q †ev‡iv Pvl, †K‡U †djv n‡”Q nvI‡ii e„¶ivwR, wbwe©Pvi
wbabh‡Á wejyß n‡”Q cÖvYxRMZ|
evsjv‡`‡ki nvIi GjvKv grm¨m¤ú‡ì m~wZKvMvi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
wekvj grm¨fvÐv‡ii PviY I cÖRbb‡¶Î wn‡m‡e nvIi GjvKvi cwi‡ek Z_v
B‡Kvwm‡÷g AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| MZ wZb `k‡Ki grm¨ Drcv`b we‡kølY Ki‡j
27
†`Lv hvq, †`‡ki nvIi GjvKvi grm¨ Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb| GK mg‡qi gv‡Qi
cÖvPzh¨© I •ewP‡Îï Rb¨ †h nvIi GjvKv evsjv‡`‡ki Me© wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Zv
AvR gv‡Qi Avevm ms‡KvPb, cwi‡ek wech©q I wbwe©Pvi grm¨ Avni‡Yi Kvi‡Y
†mB nvIi Zvi AZxZ HwZn¨ nviv‡Z e‡m‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki nvIi GjvKvq GKmgq g‡bvig cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek weivR Ki‡Zv|
gvQ I Ab¨b¨ RjR cÖvYx m¤ú‡` c~Y© wQj GB nvIi| el©vKv‡ji †k‡l AwaKZi
GjvKv Pvlvev‡ì AvIZvq Avbv Ges AwZ wb®‥vkb GB GjvKvi RjRcÖvYx
m¤ú‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖvq wecbœ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| A_P GB GjvKvi Uv½yqvi nvIi, ¸igvi
nvIi, nvKvjywK nvIi, nvBj nvIi, KvIqvw`wN nvIi, eo nvIi, evjvB nvIi,
KvwjqvRywo I †Kv¤úvbxMÄ GjvKv eb¨ cÖvYxi wePiY‡¶Î wn‡m‡e AvšÍRv© wZK
fv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 1971 mv‡j Biv‡b AbywôZ Ramsar Convention Ges
1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡j AbywôZ Rio Convention Gi cÖwZ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii
mg_©b _vKvq GB GjvKvi cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶v Kivi e¨vcv‡i miKvi
cÖwZkÖæwZe×|
miKvwi fv‡e ¯^xK…Z n‡jI †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
GB nvIi I wej AÂj ev¯Í‡e fxlYfv‡e D‡cw¶Z Ges wek„•Ljvc~Y©|
HwZnvwmKfv‡e nvIi AÂj mvaviY RbRxe‡b we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|
G¸wj cÖavbZ gvQ Drcv`b I †`‡ki wekvj grm¨ †ckvRxwe m¤cÖ`v‡qi RxweKv
AR©‡bi cÖavb mnvqK wQ‡jv| wKš‘ †`‡ki µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bvi ARynv‡Z G¸‡jv AwZ wb®‥vkb K‡i ïwK‡q †d‡j µgk Pvlvev` GjvKv
m¤cÖmviY Kiv n‡”Q| Gi d‡j Avgiv HwZnvwmK Rjm¤ú` †_‡K †hgb ewÂZ
nw”Q †Zgwb cwi‡e‡kiI fvimvg¨ bó n‡”Q| G mKj GjvKvq emevmKvix cvwL
I DfPi cÖvYxm¤ú` µgk wbwðý n‡Z P‡j‡Q| HwZnvwmK fv‡eB †`‡ki GB
wbgœvÂ‡ji cvwb kxZ I MÖx‡®§ b`xbvjv¸‡jv mRxe ivL‡Zv| GB b`xbvjv¸‡jv
mviv eQie¨vcx b`xZx‡ii Rbgvbyl‡K †hvMv‡hvM, wb®‥vkb, †mP, mœvb I M„n¯’vjxi
bvbv Kv‡R myweav w`‡Zv|
evsjv‡`k GKwU b`xgvZ…K †`k| AmsL¨ b`x-bvjv, Lvj-we‡j c~Y© G †`‡ki fvwU
GjvKv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ nvIivÂj Av_©-mvgvwRK-cÖvK„wZK †cÖÿvc‡U AZ¨šÍ
Zvrch©c~Y© f~-AÂj| G AÂjwU mgMÖ wm‡jU wefvM, XvKv wefv‡Mi wK‡kviMÄ I
†bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjv Ges PÆMÖvg wefv‡Mi eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi wKq`sk wb‡q MwVZ|
28
†gvU 7wU †Rjvi wbgœvÂ‡ji mgš^‡q MwVZ GB AÂ‡ji mybvgMÄ †Rjvq 133wU,
wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvq 122wU, †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvq 80wU, wm‡jU †Rjvq 43wU, nweMÄ
†Rjvq 38wU, †g․jfxevRvi †Rjvq 3wU Ges eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvq 3wU nvI‡ii
Z_¨ BZtc~‡e© D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ bvbv Kvi‡Y wKQz nvIi we‡klfv‡e
cwiwPZ|
wb‡gœ †RjvwfwËK D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wKQz nvI‡ii cwiwPwZ Zz‡j aiv nj:
K. mybvgMÄ †Rjv
mybvgMÄ †Rjvi AvqZb 3747.12 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v 25,64,540
Rb|8 m¤ú~Y© †RjvB nvIivÂj| G †Rjvi DË‡i fvi‡Zi Lvwmqv RqwšÍqv cvnvo,
`w¶‡Y nweMÄ I wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv, c~‡e© wm‡jU †Rjv Ges cwð‡g †bÎ‡Kvbv
†Rjv| 11wU Dc‡Rjv wb‡q MwVZ G †Rjv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb nvIi GjvKv|
†Rjvi wbgœvÂj nvIi Ges cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y cÖwZ eM©
wK‡jvwgUv‡i RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ 585 Rb, hv evsjv‡`‡ki mgZj GjvKv †_‡K
A‡c¶vK…Z Kg| RbmsL¨vi AwaKvskB cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e K…wli Dci
wbf©ikxj| Zvwnicyi I QvZK Dc‡Rjvi wKQz DuPz I ga¨ DuPz Rwg e¨wZZ mgMÖ
GjvKv mgZj I wejvÂj| †gNvjq iv‡Rï cv`‡`k wN‡i wKQy wUjv, DuPz, ga¨
DuPz I mgZj f~wg i‡q‡Q| GB †Rjvi cÖavb b`x myigv| myigv b`x †Rjvi DËi
mxgvbv w`‡q c~e© w`K n‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡q cwð‡g AMÖmi n‡q Kzwkqviv b`x‡Z
wg‡k‡Q| Aci w`‡K Kzwkqviv b`x †Rjvi `w¶Y mxgvbv w`‡q c~e© w`K n‡Z
cÖevwnZ n‡q cwð‡g AMÖmi n‡q myigv b`x‡Z wg‡k‡Q| A‡bK Lvj I cvnvwo
Qov fvi‡Zi †gNvjq ivR¨ n‡Z Drcbœ n‡q myigv b`x‡Z wg‡k‡Q| ZvQvov
gnvwks, Kvjbx, †LvqvB, †mvbvB, cvÛvi Lvj, iw³, hv`yKvUv BZ¨vw` †QvU b`x
mybvgM‡Äi Dci w`‡q e‡q †M‡Q|
nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK †Rjvq †QvU eo cÖvq 131wU nvIi
(2,50,410 †n±i) i‡q‡Q| AwaK msL¨K nvIi, Lvjwej I b`x _vKv‡Z GLv‡b
i‡q‡Q gv‡Qi cÖvPzh|© RbmsL¨vi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask gvQ Avni‡Yi †ckvq
wb‡qvwRZ| ZvQvov evwj, cv_i, Kqjv I Pzbvcv_i mnRcÖvc¨ nIqvq eû †jvK
G¸‡jvi msMÖn I eëmvq wb‡qvwRZ| GB †Rjvq f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi Zzjbvg~jK
fv‡e wb‡P Ges wewfbœ RvqMvq gvwUi wb‡P M¨vm Ges cv_i we`¨gvb _vKvq Mfxi
29
I AMfxi bjKzc ¯’vc‡b mgm¨v| ZvB K…wl‡Z †m‡Pi Rb¨ nvIi-wej I b`xi
cvwbB cÖavb Drm| kZKiv cÖvq 60 fvM Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi gva¨‡g dmj Drcv`b
Kiv nq|
mybvgM‡Äi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nvIi¸‡jv n‡”Q :
1. Uv½yqvi nvIi 2. †WKvi nvIi 3. kwbi nvIi 4. KiPvi nvIi 5. Qvqvi
nvIi 6. gvwZqvb nvIi 7. †PwÞi nvIi 8. evbvBqvi nvIi 9. eo mvDjvi
nvIi 10. RvgvB KvUvi nvIi 11. †lvok nvIi 12. nvBj nvIi 13. RvIqvi
nvIi 14. gnvB nvIi 15. bjyqvi nvIi 16. cviæqv nvIi 17. UMvi nvIi
18. ¸igvi nvIi 19. P›`ª‡mvbvi nvIi 20. cvMjvi nvIi 21. avb Kzwbqvi
nvIi 22. †mvbv‡gvo‡ji nvIi 23. Rqawbi nvIi 24. Avs¸ijx nvIi 25.
KvwjKvUv nvIi 26. eigvi nvIi 27. †Rvqvjfv½v nvIi 28. wRjKvi nvIi
29. †lvjmvo nvIi 30. Uvsbxi nvIi cÖf„wZ|9
cÖvß Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wb‡gœ K‡qKwU nvI‡ii cwiwPwZ mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡jv :
1. Uv½yqvi nvIi
Uv½yqvi nvIi Zvwnicyi I ag©cvkv Dc‡Rjvi 4wU BDwbqb wb‡q we¯Í…Z|
Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvi DËi kªxcyi I `w¶Y kªxcyi BDwbqb Ges ag©cvkv Dc‡Rjvi
DËi eskxKzÛv I `w¶Y eskxKzÛv BDwbqb GB 4wU BDwbqb wb‡q Uv½yqvi nvIi
Aew¯’Z| †gvU 10wU †g․Rv wb‡q nvIi GjvKv we¯Í…Z| Gi AšÍM©Z †g․Rv¸‡jv
n‡jv t 1. RM`xkcyi 2. fevbxcyi 3. jvgvMuvI 4. ivgwmsncyi 5. gnRgcyi 6.
†gBb `vM 7. gvqvRyix 8. fv½vPiv c~e© 9. †bvqvMuvI 10. Uv½yqvi nvIi| GB
nvI‡i †QvUeo 120wU wej i‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq| el©vKv‡j Gi AvqZb A‡bK
e„w× cvq| 46wU MÖvgmn cy‡iv nvIi GjvKvi AvqZb cÖvq 100 eM© wK. wg.| Gi
g‡a¨ 2802.36 †n±i Rjvf~wg i‡q‡Q|10 nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv
†gvZv‡eK GB nvI‡ii AvqZb 4,860 †n±i|
Kw_Z Av‡Q, ÔQq Kzwo Kv›`v Avi bq Kzwo wejÕ wb‡q Uv½yqvi nvIi| GB nvIi
me‡P‡q Mfxi I eo ZvB Gi bvg ÔUvb¸qvÕ Ges G †_‡K Uv½yqv k‡ã iƒcvšÍi|
cvnvwo X‡j me nvI‡ii cvwb †Nvjv n‡jI Uv½yqvi cvwb †Nvjv nq bv| GB
nvI‡ii cvwL I gvQ A‡bK eo| GB nvIi cÖK…wZi AK…cY `v‡b mg„×| wnRj-
30
Ki‡Pi `„wó b›`b mvwi G nvIi‡K K‡i‡Q †gvnbxq| bjLvMov, `ywajZv, bxj
kvcjv, cvwbdj, †kvjv, †n‡jÂv, kZgyjx, kxZjcvwU, ¯^Yj
© Zv, ebZzjmx BZ¨vw`
`yÕk cÖRvwZiI †ewk MvQ-MvQvjx i‡q‡Q GLv‡b| hwÌ AwZgvÎvq cÖvK…wZK
m¤ú` AvniY, wbwe©Pv‡i grm wbab, cvwL wkKvi, R¡vjvbx KvV msMÖn BZ¨vw`
Kvi‡Y A‡bK Dw™¢` I cÖvYx wbwðý n‡q †M‡Q Z_vwc c„w_ex n‡Z wejyßcÖvq 10
cÖRvwZi cvwL, Qq cÖRvwZi ¯Íb¨cvqx, 4 cÖRvwZi mvc, 3 cÖRvwZi K”Pc, 2
cÖRvwZi wMiwMwU I 1 cÖRvwZi DfPi, 55 cÖRvwZi gvQ Ges 51 cÖRvwZi cvwL
Zv‡ì wbivc` Avkªq¯’j wn‡m‡e Uv½yqvi nvIi‡K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q| †QvU eo 141
cÖRvwZi gvQ, 11 cÖRvwZi DfPi cÖvYx, 34 cÖRvwZi mixm„c, 6 cÖRvwZi K”Pc,
7 cÖRvwZi wMiwMwU Ges 21 cÖRvwZi mv‡ci wbivc` Avevm G nvIi|
1950 mv‡j cÖRv¯^Z¡ AvBb cv‡ki gva¨‡g Rwg`vix cÖ_v wejywßi c~e© ch©šÍ
Uv½yqvi nvIi gqgbwms‡ni †M․ixcyi Rwg`vi‡ì gvwjKvbvaxb wQj| 1930
mv‡ji w`‡K wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi evwRZcyi wbevmx R‣bK gnvb›` `vk GwU
†M․ixcyi †_‡K me©cÖ_g grm¨ Pv‡li D‡Ï‡k¨ `xN©‡gqv`x e‡›`ve¯Í jvf K‡ib|
e‡›`ve¯Í cÖvwßi ci wZwb wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq euva wbg©vY K‡i GwU‡K grm¨
Pv‡li Dchy³ K‡i M‡o Zz‡jb| Gi gva¨‡g GwU GKwU cyY©v½ Rjgnv‡ji iƒc
jvf K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z cÖRv¯^Z¡ AvBb Avg‡j Avmvi ci Uv½yqvi nvIi miKvwi
eë¯’vcbvq P‡j Av‡m|
Uv½yqvi nvI‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ Rjaviv ev b`x¸‡jv n‡”Q †mv‡gk¦ix, iw³, cvUjvB,
Ksk, avgwjqv, †e․jvB, aby Ges myigv| G mg¯Í b`xi RjavivB GB nvI‡ii
Rjivwki g~j Drm| G Qvov Gi mv‡_ mshy³ i‡q‡Q mxgv‡šÍi Icvi †_‡K
cÖevwnZ GKvwaK Xvjv ev †mªvZaviv|
Uv½yqvi nvIi g~jZ GKwU MÖæc wdmvix| weMZ K‡qK `kK a‡i Uv½yqvi nvIi
GjvKvi mvgMÖxK cwi‡e‡ki AebwZ N‡U‡Q| ZLb f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi eë¯’vcbvaxb
_vKv Ae¯’vq 1999 m‡bi 19 GwcÖj Uv½yqv‡K Ôcwi‡ekMZ m¼Uvcbœ GjvKvÕ
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| Gic‡i GwU cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi AvIZvaxb P‡j
Av‡m| 2000 m‡bi 20 Rvbyqvwi Uv½yqvi nvIi my›ìe‡bi ci †`‡ki wØZxq
Ôivgmvi GjvKvÕ g‡bvbxZ nq| ivgmvi bxwZgvjv g‡Z RbMY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i GwU
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ miKvi cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi Kv‡Q GwU n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i|
2001 mv‡ji 12 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L f~wg gš¿Yvjq Ges cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi
31
g‡a¨ GK mg‡SvZv ¯§vi‡Ki wfwË‡Z nvIiwU cieZ©x `k eQ‡ii Rb¨ cwi‡ek I
eb gš¿Yvj‡qi e¨ve¯’vcbvax‡b b¨v¯Í nq| GB m~Î a‡iB Uv½yqvi nvI‡ii cvwb
msi¶Y, K…wl I grm¨ Drcv`b e„w× Kiv, cÖvYx Ges AwZw_ cvwLi Rb¨ wbivc`
Avevm •Zwii gva¨‡g nvIi‡K ¯^vfvweK cvwi‡ek I HwZn¨ Dc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨
miKvi e¨vcK cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| ¯úk©KvZi GB nvIi GjvKvi cwi‡e‡ki
Rb¨ ¶wZKi †Kv‡bv Dbœqb ev evwYwR¨K Kvh©µ‡gi AbygwZ bv †`qvi e¨vcv‡i
miKvwi wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zv †M‡RUfy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov nvIi
GjvKvi 10 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ M¨vm ev •ZjKzc Lb‡bi DciI miKvix
wb‡lavÁv Rvwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Uv½yqvi nvI‡ii bqbvwfivg cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h©
ch©UK‡ì mn‡RB AvK„ó K‡i|
cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb 10 eQ‡ii Rb¨ Ô`xN©‡gqv`x Uv½yqvi nvIi
eë¯’vcbvÕ cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi ci Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖv_wgK c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e 2003
mv‡ji 9 b‡f¤î mybvgMÄ †Rjv cÖkvmb Uv½yqvi nvI‡ii wbqš¿Y MÖnY K‡i| Gi
c‡i †Rjv cÖkvmb myôz e¨ve¯’vcbvi ¯^v‡_© †h mg¯Í Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i Zv nj Ñ 1.
K¨v¤ú ¯’vcb 2. †b․hvb wb‡qvM 3. cywjk I Avbmvi wb‡qvM 4. g¨vwR‡÷ªU
Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM 5. wefvMxq mgš^q mfv 6. c_mfv I DØy×KiY Kg©m~Px 7.
Rv‡ji euva I Uv½yqvi nvI‡ii dmj iÿv euva wbg©vY 8. fvg¨gvb Av`vjZ
cwiPvjbv 9. wbwl× Rvj I †b․Kv AvUK 10. wewfbœ wefv‡Mi EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v I
cwi‡ekwe`‡ì nvIi cwi`k©b|
GB nvIi †`‡ki grm¨ m¤ú‡ì GKwU Ab¨Zg Drm| GKwU MÖæc wdmvix wnmv‡e
Dnv ïay Rj gnvj ev gvQ cÖwZcvjb, msiÿY I Avni‡YiB ¯’vb bq| GwU GKwU
gv`vi wdmvix| ¯§iYvZxZ Kvj †_‡KB Dnv wQj bvbv cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi Aev`
wePiY †ÿÎ| Kw_Z Av‡Q, †b․Kv wb‡q GB nvIi AwZµg Kv‡j eo eo gvQ
jvwd‡q †b․Kvq I‡V co‡Zv| 2004 mv‡j †mLvbKvi K‡qKwU evRv‡i Rwic
Pvwj‡q AaŸ© kZvwaK cÖRvwZi gvQ mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AvBo,
†evqvj, MRvi, †kvj, iæB, KvZjv, wPZj, †Qjv, dwj, gjv, gv¸i, jvDqvevBg,
ZvivevBg, ¸Zzg, MwQevBg, UvwK, †e‡j, micywU, RvZcywU, Pv›`v, †QvU wPswo,
wPiKvevBg, †Wiv, KvwjevDk, †gwb, eyRywi, bvcZvwb, cUKv, GKVzUv, •K,
gaycve`v, †evqvwjcve`v, g„‡Mj, NvDov, evPv, fvMbv, evUv, evNvBi, wiUv, †cvqv,
kªxivBj, †KPwK, cvZvgvQ, cv_iPvUv, evZvwm, KvkLvDwi, ¸jkv, †Usiv, wZZbv,
32
Nwbqv, †eZ¸Zzg, KvwKqv, Kvbcbv, †PKv, †NvovgyLv, jeb‡Pviv, wkivBj, ivMv,
KvRywj, Lwjkv, evjyPvUv, bvgvPv›`v, wks, Pvwcjv, Kvwc©I, gnv‡kvj BZ¨vw` D‡jø-
L‡hvM¨| el©vq nvI‡ii cy‡iv GjvKv cøvweZ n‡i nvI‡ii gvQ cvk¦©eZ©x nvIi mn
Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvq Qwo‡h c‡o| cvwb Kg‡Z _vK‡j gvQ Dchy³ cwi‡ek †c‡j
h_v¯’v‡b wd‡i Av‡m|
†gvU 51wU wej mgš^‡q M‡o IVv Uv½yqvi nvI‡i gvQ aivi Rb¨ Avkcv‡ki †Rjv
we‡klZ wK‡kviMÄ I eªvþYevwoqv †_‡K cwievi-cwiRbmn mnmªvwaK †R‡j‡K
Avbv n‡Zv| Zviv †g․my‡gi cÖ_g †_‡K nvI‡ii wKbviv ev Kv›`v †kÖwYi Rwg‡Z
AmsL¨ Ljv •Zwi Ki‡Zv| G‡Z K‡i †mB GjvKvwU K‡qKwU eo eo MÖv‡g cwiYZ
n‡Zv| cÖv³b BRviv`vi‡ì †`qv Z_¨ g‡Z GB nvIi †_‡K grm¨ †g․my‡g
AvnwiZ gv‡Qi g~j¨ 10 †KvwU UvKviI †ewk| GB nvI‡ii gv‡Qi e¨vcv‡i GKwU
ev¯ÍewfwËK Abygv‡bi Rb¨ 2006 mv‡j GKwU Rwic Pvjv‡bv nq| †m †gvZv‡eK
18 gvP©, 2 GwcÖj I 3 GwcÖj Zvwi‡L 3 w`‡b nvwZiMv`v, iƒcv‣e, †i․qv,
†jPzqvgviv, evjyi‡Wvev I †ZNwbqv GB 6wU we‡ji 11wU c‡q‡›U gvQ aiv nq|
Rwic g‡Z 6wU we‡ji nvwZiMv`v we‡j iæB, Kvwc©I, MÖvmKvc©, KvZjv, Mwbqv I
wiUv GB 6wU cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi cÖvPzh© wQj| †m †gvZv‡eK nvI‡i GKi cÖwZ GB 6
cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi msL¨v cÖvq 140 wU| RwicKv‡j A_©vr GwcÖj gv‡m Uv½yqvi
nvI‡ii AvqZb wQj cÖvq 10 nvRvi GKi| GK‡i 140 wU K‡i 10 nvRvi GKi
GjvKvq D³ 6 cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi msL¨v `vovq 14 jÿ Ges cÖwZwUi Mo IRb 4
†KwR wn‡m‡e †gvU IRb cÖvq 5600 †gt Ub| G cwigvY gv‡Qi evRvi g~j¨ cÖvq
190 †KvwU UvKv| G QvovI GB nvI‡i we`¨gvb Ab¨vb¨ cªRvwZi gv‡Qi g~j¨
wn‡me Ki‡j Gi g~j¨gvb cÖvq 300 †KvwU UvKv Qvwo‡q hv‡e|11
Uv½yqvi nvI‡i i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ ebivwR| GLv‡b i‡q‡Q wnRj, KiP, eiæb, egj,
†MvUvMvgvi, †iBbwUª, bj LvMov, ¸jx, ejyqv, ebZzjmx, ey‡bv‡Mvjvc, gvLbv,
evjvWzgyi, †XvjKjgx, PvBjv, Avgov, AvMiv, AvivBj, cyUwKeb, KvUvSvD
cÖf„wZ| wejyßcÖvq eû cÖRvwZi MvQ-MvQvwj GB nvIi GjvKvq i‡q‡Q| GK mg‡q
GB nvI‡i wekvj ebf~wg wQj| †mLv‡b cvk¦©eZx© †gNvj‡qi Lvwmqv-•RšÍv cvnvo
n‡Z nvwZi cvjmn wewfbœ cÖRvwZi eb¨cÖvYxi AvMgb NUZ| wKš‘ miKvwi
eë¯’vcbvi Afve Ges ¯’vbxq‡ì Awbqwš¿Z Avni‡Yi d‡j Gi ebfvM wejyß
n‡Z _v‡K| †Rjv cÖkvm‡bi eë¯’vcbvq Avmvi ci Gi †Mvjvevwo, ivgwmsncyi
33
P¨v‡bj, iswP, AvjgWzqvi, Govwjqv‡Kvbvmn wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi wnRj-KiP I bj-
LvMov e‡bi †ek Dbœqb N‡U‡Q| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi dvY©, Z…Y, ¸j¥ Ges e„‡ÿi
msL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q| Govwjqv‡Kvbvq cÖvq 4-5 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKve¨cx m„ó
cÖvK…wZK e‡bi m¤úªmviY N‡U‡Q| †U‡KiNvU †_‡K †mv‡jgvbcyi ch©šÍ cvUjvB
b`x Ges ivgwmsncyi P¨v‡b‡ji `yÕavi a‡i mvwi mvwi wnRj-KiP MvQ eZ©gv‡b
my›ì GK cwi‡e‡ki m„wó K‡i‡Q| GB e‡bi Dbœq‡b †mLv‡b gvQ I wejyßcÖvq
Kv‡jg cvwLmn cÿxKy‡ji wbivc` wePi‡Yi AbyKzj cwi‡ek m„wó n‡q‡Q|
208 cÖRvwZi cvwLi Avevmf~wg GB Uv½yqv| kxZKv‡j my`~i mvB‡ewiqvmn
kxZcÖavb †`k †_‡K wewPÎ e‡Y©i jvL jvL AwZw_ cvwL G nvI‡ii †Kv‡j G‡m
Avkªq †bq| GLv‡b wejyßcÖvq c¨vVjv‡mm wdm& CMj ev ebiæB †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb
`vivk, RvZ †MvLiv mvcI ch©ß cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq| A‡±vei-b‡f¤î †_‡K
cy‡iv gvP© gvm ch©šÍ jÿ jÿ cwihvqx Ges †`kx cvwLi Aev` wePiY f~wg‡Z
cwiYZ GB nvIi| †MvUv evsjv‡`‡kB GB nvIi kx‡Zi AwZw_ cvwL‡ì
Ô¯^M©ivR¨Õ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| cÖwZ eQi GLv‡b cÖvq 200 cÖRvwZi cvwLi AvMgb
N‡U| we‡k¦i wewfbœ wecbœ cÖRvwZi cvwL GB wekvj nvI‡i kxZKv‡j A¯’vqx
Avevm M‡o †Zv‡j| d‡j G nvIiwU †`kx-we‡`kx cvwLi Kj-K~R‡b gyLwiZ n‡q
I‡V| G cvwLm¤ú` iÿvi R‡b¨ eb¨ cÖvYx msiÿY KwgwUi AvnŸv‡b 1966-67
mv‡j mybvgM‡Äi ZrKvjxb gnKzgv cÖkvm‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvi
†ei‡ewiqv we‡j ÔkvnRvjvj cÿx wbevmÕ bv‡g cvwL‡ì GKwU Afqvkªg •Zwi
K‡i †mLv‡b cvwL wkKvi ŸÜ †NvlYv Kiv nq| Z`vbxšÍb wm‡jU †Rjv cwil‡ì
cÿ †_‡K 22 nvRvi UvKv e¨‡q G cÖKí Pvjy Kiv n‡j Gi mydj eB‡Z ïiæ
K‡i| ZLb cvwLiv wbwe©‡Nœ Rb mgvM‡gi Qq-mvZ nvZ `~‡i wbf©‡q Pjv‡div
Ki‡Zv| gvby‡li evwo‡ZI Avkªq wbZ| G cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj kx‡Z mvB‡ewiqv
†_‡K AvMZ AwZw_ cvwL‡ì Rb¨ ¯’vqxfv‡e GLv‡b Avevm¯’j K‡i †`qv Ñ hv‡Z
Rxe‣ewPÎ iÿv cvIqvi cvkvcvwk GLv‡b GKwU ch©Ub †K›`ª Pvjy Kiv hvq|12
wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z G D‡`¨vMwU Avi G‡Mvqwb| AZx‡Z ivRv-Rwg`viiv cvbwm †b․Kv
wb‡q GB nvI‡i cvwL wkKv‡i †h‡Zb| †m․wLb cvwL wkKvixiv GLbI cvwL wkKvi
K‡i| wKQz †ckv`vi wkKvix cvwL a‡i evRv‡i wewµ K‡i|
miKvwifv‡e GwU‡K msiw¶Z nIqvq Uv½yqvi nvIi GjvKvq Ab¨vb¨ nvI‡ii
Zzjbvq Pvlvev` Kg nq| nvI‡ii DËi-cwðg cv‡oi gvby‡liv Pvb Uv½yqv‡Z
34
dmj Avev` Ki‡Z Ab¨ w`‡Ki gvby‡liv Pvb GwU Rjgnvj wn‡m‡eB _vKzK|
GLv‡b †ev‡iv Ges Avgb `yB †g․my‡g av‡bi Avev` Kiv nq| †ev‡iv Pvl †ewk
GjvKvq nq, Avgb mvgvb¨| DuPz Rwg‡Z ev`vg Pvl Kiv nq| mvgvb¨ wcqvR,
imyb, mwilv I kvK-mewRi Pvl Kiv nq|
GB GjvKvi cÖavb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM eb¨v| 1974, 1978, 1988, 1998, 2004
mv‡ji eb¨vi K_v ¯’vbxq MÖvgevmxiv ej‡jb| Av‡iv ej‡jb, Av‡M Ggb cvnvwo
Xj wQj bv| GLb nVvr K‡i cvwb G‡m me fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq| 2004 m‡b
evOvjwfUv MÖv‡g Ggb eb¨v nq †h, †Kvb KzjwKbviv wQj bv| wkjv e„wó I ¯’vbxq
GjvKvi Rb¨ Av‡iK wech©q| mvaviYZt ÔBwi avbÕ cvKvi mgq wkjv e„wó I So-
Zzdvb nq| ZLb dmj bó nq| dvêyb-•PÎ gvm †_‡KB GLv‡b Liv ïiæ nq|
Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi cvwb _v‡K bv e‡j dmj bó nq|
Uv½yqvi nvIi GjvKvi Awaevmx‡ì AwaKvskB f~wgnxb ev cÖvwšÍK Pvwl| nvI‡ii
gaëZ©x Ges wbKUeZ©x MÖvg mg~‡ni eû gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡Yi cÖavb Aej¤^b
n†jv GB nvI‡i gvQ I cvwL aiv| nvI‡ii `wi`ª Awaevmx‡ì R¡vjvbxi cÖavb
Drm bj-LvMov, wnRj-KiP eb| hv GLvbKvi gvQ, cvwLmn wewPÎ RxeKz‡ji
cÖavb Avkªq| AZx‡Z nvI‡i gvQ aiv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i `wi`ª Awaevmx‡ì †h
†Kv‡bv m¤ú` Avni‡Yi welqwU K‡Vvifv‡e wbqš¿b Ki‡Zv BRiv`viMY GLb
cÖkvm‡bi nvIiiÿx cywjk, Avbmvi Ges wewWAvi `j|
nvIivÂ‡ji Rwg‡Z †Kej GKwU dmj nIqvq †g․mywg †eKviZ¡ GLv‡b cÖKU|
GK dmwj n‡jI Rwgi De©iv kw³i Kvi‡Y GLv‡b djb fvj n‡q _v‡K| nvIiwU
Lvwmqv-•RwšÍqv cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k Aew¯’Z nIqvq Lye mn‡RB GLv‡b NywY©So
AvNvZ nv‡b| wkjve„wóI nq cÖPzi| d‡j gv‡S gv‡S k‡lï gvivZ¥K ¶wZ mvwaZ
nq| nvI‡ii Kv›`v bv‡g cwiwPZ GjvKv e¨wZZ Ab¨vb¨ ¯’jfvMmg~n †MvPviYf~wg
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| AZx‡Z GB Kv›`v¸‡jv MvQcvjv Øviv cwic~Y© wQj|
cieZ©x‡Z emZf~wg I K…wl Rwgi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖvK…wZK ebf~wg e¨vcKnv‡i DRvo
n‡q hvIqvq GKw`‡K †hgb GjvKvi cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ bô n‡q‡Q †Zgwb
¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q Rxe‣ewPÎ¨|
35
2. †WKvi nvIi
†WKvi nvIi mybvgMÄ m`‡ii c~e©w`‡K I mybvgMÄ-wm‡jU mo‡Ki DËi cv‡k
Aew¯’Z| mì, `wÿY mybvgMÄ, †`vqvivevRvi I QvZK Dc‡Rjvq we¯Í…Z GB
nvI‡ii AvqZb 8910 †n±i| nvI‡ii DË‡i RMRxebcyi; c~‡e© †gvjøvcvov;
cwð‡g fevbxcyi I BQvMwo; `w¶‡Y cvMjv evRvi cÖf„wZ Aew¯’Z| GB nvI‡ii
AšÍM©Z BDwbqb¸‡jv n‡”Q Ñ †gvjøvcvov, AvdZvebMi, c~e© cvMjv, RvIqv Ges
gvbœviMvI| cÖvq wZb `kK c~‡e© GB nvIiwU‡Z †evbv Avg‡bi Pvl Kiv n‡Zv e‡j
Rvbv hvq| ZLb DRv‡bi cvwb •PÎ-•ekvL gv‡m ax‡i ax‡i Avm‡Zv Ges wbPz
GjvKv¸‡jv Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í cvwb‡Z Wy‡e †hZ| ch©vqµ‡g cvwb wbPz GjvKv †_‡K DuPz
GjvKvq Avm‡Zv| GLbKvi g‡Zv nVvr K‡i cvwb G‡m f‡i †h‡Zv bv| euva
†`qvi Kvi‡Y nvI‡ii wPÎ e`‡j †h‡Z _v‡K| cvÛvi Lv‡j euva †Ìqvi Kvi‡Y
mvgwqKfv‡e GB nvI‡ii K…lKiv DcK…Z n‡qwQj e‡j Rvbv hvq| wKš‘ euv‡ai
GB DcKvi †ewkw`b K…lKiv †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
†WKvi nvI‡ii bvgKiY m¤ú‡K© wm‡jU wWw÷ª± †M‡RwUqv‡i GKwU KvíwbK
Kvwnbxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡Z ejv nq: There is also a story relating
to the Dekar Haor which is even more wonderful. The story is
that a golden hull would come out of the Hindu-bazar dighi by
the Borshikjora Hill and used to fight with the bull of Shundar
Nath. Once this golden bull was seriously wounded by the bull
of Shundar Nath and fell down on the western side of the
Dashhall village, as if dead. Thereafter, the golden bull was
never found engaged in fighting with any other bull. A young
bull was called deka by the people of this locality and the
Dekar Haor thus got its name from the fighting of these two
dekas.13
†WKvi nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj avb| eZ©gv‡b ¯’vbxq I D”P-djbkxj Rv‡Zi av‡bi
Pvl Kiv nq| avb QvovI nvI‡ii DuPz GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z cvU, Avjy, wZwl, wZj,
awbqv, gwiP, †cqvR, imyb, U‡g‡Uv, †e¸b, jvD, Kzgovmn wewfbœ ai‡bi
kvKmewRi Pvl nq| av‡bi †`kx Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †ev‡iv, †Uwc, ivZv, †MvwP
cÖf…wZ avb| Ddkx avb¸‡jv n‡jv weAvi-16, weAvi-19, weªavb-28, weªavb-29
36
BZ¨vw`| GB nvI‡i nvBweªW av‡bi Pvl †`Lv hvqwb| GLv‡b A‡a©K Rwg‡Z Ddkx
Avi A‡a©K Rwg‡Z †`kx av‡bi Pvl nq e‡j ¯’vbxq K…lKiv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Pvlvev‡`
Ddkx av‡bi Zzjbvq LiP Kg Ges avb MvQ¸‡jv j¤^v nq weavq K…l‡Kiv wbPz
Rwg‡Z †`kx Rv‡Zi av‡bi Pvl K‡i _v‡K|
K…lKiv Rwgi Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx K…wl KvR K‡i _v‡K| GLv‡b DuPz Rwg‡Z cvU,
Avjy, †cqvR, imyb, wZj djv‡bv nq| gvSvwi DuPz Rwg‡Z av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq wKš‘
wKQz Rwg cwZZI c‡o _v‡K| wbPz Rwg‡Z †`kx av‡bi Pvl Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
GLvbKvi †jvKR‡bi cÖavb †ckv K…wlKvR| GQvovI Av‡Q nuvm-gyiMx-†fov-
QvMj cvjb, evjy-cv_‡ii eëmv, av‡bi eëmv| evKx †jvKRb kªgRxwe| ev‡`
Avãyjøvncyi MÖv‡gi 65wU cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Rwg Av‡Q 30% cwiev‡ii| kZKiv
70 fvM cwiev‡ii †Kv‡bv RwgB †bB| M‡o 6 weNv Rwg Av‡Q GB iKg cwievi
Av‡Q 15wU| gvÎ 8-9 wU cwiev‡ii M‡o 4 nvj (1 nvj=12 †Kqvi ev weNv) K‡i
Rwg Av‡Q| †WKvi nvI‡ii Rwg¸‡jvi GKwU eo As‡ki gvwjK knievmx|
†WKvi nvI‡ii AwaKvsk wej jxR _vKvi Kvi‡Y grm¨Rxexiv GLb gvQ aivi
my‡hvM cvq bv| d‡j Zviv †ckv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| Zviv eb¨vi mgqI
gvQ aivi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ| eZ©gv‡b GLvbKvi Awaevmx‡ì D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask
GLb Kvgjv (gRyi) Lv‡U, wiKkv Pvjvq| A‡b‡KB Mv‡g©›U‡m KvR K‡i|
†WKvi nvI‡ii GKwU As‡ki bvg Drgv wej| Gi DË‡i i‡q‡Q RMRxebcyi,
cwð‡g BQvMwZ, Avãyjøvcyi Ges c~‡e© DPviMvI MÖvg| GB wejwU †gvjøvcvov
BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| GB we‡ji Rwgi cwigvb AvbygvwbK 2000 †n±i| ¯’vbxq
miKvi cÖ‡K․kj Awa`ß‡ii Aaxb wØZxq ¶z`ªvKvi cvwbm¤ú` Dbœqb †m±i cÖKí
ÔDrgv wej cvwb eë¯’vcbv cÖKíÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| mswkøó m~‡Î
Rvbv hvq, cÖKíwU AvKw®§K eb¨v †_‡K dmj i¶vi R‡b¨ GB we‡j wbg¾gvb
euva, †ewievua Ges møyBm †MBU wbg©vY Ki‡e| D³ cÖK‡í GjwRBwW cuvP eQi
KvR Ki‡e| cÖKí cwiPvjbv Ki‡e GjwRBwWi ZË¡¡veav‡b ¯’vbxq RbmvaviY Z_v
mswkøó Rwgi gvwjK‡ì wb‡q MwVZ mwgwZ| cÖK‡íi Av‡qi miKvwi Aswk`vwiZ¡
n‡e 4 Avbv, mwgwZ 6 Avbv, BDwbqb cwil` 2 Avbv| cÖKí i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨
4 Avbv msiw¶Z _vK‡e| Drgv wej cÖKíwU †h mwgwZi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q
Zvi m`m¨ msL¨v 400 Rb|14
37
3. kwbi nvIi
kwbi nvIi Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvi `w¶‡Y Ae¯’wZ GKwU eo nvIi| Zvwnicyi I
RvgvjMÄ Dc‡Rjvq we¯Í…Z GB nvIiwUi AvqZb 6074 †n±i| nvI‡ii Pviw`‡K
50 †_‡K 60wU MÖvg i‡q‡Q| nvI‡ii `w¶‡Y BKivgcyi, cwð‡g wbwðZcyi,
DË‡i Zvwnicyi MÖvg I Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjv cwil`| c~e© w`‡K †jvnvNi, eviæsKv,
`w¶‡Y d‡Zcyi, ivRbMi, kvncyi, wLiì AbšÍcyi, evM¸iv, emšÍcyi,
iv‡R›`ªcyi, gmjNvU, Bmjvgcyi, eMxqvbx møyBm †MU I Avn¤§KLvjx euva| kwbi
nvI‡ii c~e©w`‡K i³x b`x, DËi I cwðg w`‡K †e․jvB b`x| GK mg‡qi
†mªvZw¯^bx †e․jvB b`x GLb fivU n‡q GKwU giv Lv‡j cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| b`xi
MfxiZv Avi nvI‡ii MfxiZv cÖvq mgvb nIqvq Lvwmqv cvnvo †_‡K cvnvwo Xj
I AvKw¯§K eb¨vi cvwb b`x‡Z G‡jB nvI‡i av‡bi Rwg Zwj‡q hvq|
eZ©gv‡b kwbi nvI‡ii GKgvÎ dmj †ev‡iv avb n‡jI GKmgq GLv‡b
†MvjAvjy, wgwóAvjy, mwilv, Mg I cv‡Ui Pvl n‡Zv e‡j MÖvgevmxiv Rvbvb|
eZ©gv‡b AvenvIqvi Aw¯’i AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y GB mKj dm‡ji Pvl D‡V †M‡Q|
¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi av‡bi ¯’vb `Lj K‡i‡Q D”Pdjbkxj Rv‡Zi avb| Z‡e GLv‡b
GLv‡bv wbPz Rwg‡Z ¯’vbxqRv‡Zi kvBj, ivZv I †MvwP av‡bi Avev` wU‡K Av‡Q|
eb¨v Avmvi Av‡MB †K‡U †djv hvq weavq GB ¯’vbxq RvZ¸‡jv GLv‡bv RbwcÖq|
eZ©gv‡b GB nvI‡i Ddkx Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk cwigv‡Y Pvl Kiv n‡”Q
weªavb-28 Ges weªavb-29|
kwbi nvI‡i wZb ai‡bi Rwg i‡q‡Q ; DuPz, gvSvwi Ges wbPz| GKgvÎ †ev‡iv
dmj Kiv n‡jI nvI‡i DuPz Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi Afv‡e Ges wbPz Rwg‡Z Rjve×Zvi
Kvi‡Y avb Pvl Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| d‡j kZKiv cÖvq 40 fvM GjvKv cwZZ
_v‡K| ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì g‡Z, Rjve×Zvi KviY n‡”Q †e․jvB b`xi MfxiZv
K‡g hvIqv| b`xi Zj‡`k DuPz n‡q hvIqvq †e․jvB b`x GLb Avi nvI‡ii cvwb
wb®‥vkb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| d‡j Rjve×Zvi m„wó n‡”Q| gvQ aivi Rb¨
BRviv`vi‡ì wej †mPv K…wl‡Z †m‡Pi cvwb msK‡Ui Ab¨Zg KviY e‡j gZ
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb kwbi nvI‡ii K…lKiv| 2006 m‡b GB mgm¨v Zxeª AvKvi aviY
K‡iwQj e‡j †mB eQi A‡bK †ewk cwigvY Rwg cwZZ wQj| cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi
mv‡_ mv‡_ K…wl DcKi‡Yi D”Pg~j¨ Ges cwienb mgm¨v GB nvI‡ii K…lK‡ì
Ab¨Zg mgm¨v e‡j Awaevmx‡ì AwfgZ|
38
wej BRvivi Kvi‡Y GLvbKvi mvaviY gvbyl †KejgvÎ el©vKv‡j evwoi KvQvKvwQ
gvQ aivi †Póv K‡i| el©vi Qqgvm Zviv GBfv‡e gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e GB gvQ
aivI wbwe©Nœ bq| gv‡Sg‡a¨B BRviv`vi‡ì †jvKRb gvQ aivq evav †`q, Rvj
†K‡o †bq, A‡bK mgq gviaiI K‡i|
kwbi nvIi GjvKvi wewfbœ ai‡bi GbwRI Kvh©µg j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Z‡e
†ewkifvM GbwRI ¶y`ª FY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| D‡jøL‡hvM¨
GbwRI nj, fvW©, eª¨vK, MÖvgxY e¨vsK, MDm BZ¨vw`| kwbi nvI‡ii dmj i¶vi
Rb¨ GKwU GbwRI (wmGbAviGm) nvI‡ii †ek wKQz GjvKvq euva •Zix K‡i‡Q|
GB euva •ekv‡Li cÖ_‡g †h cvnvwo Xj Avm‡e Zv †_‡K nvI‡ii dmj‡K i¶v
Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j GbwRIwUi mswkøó Kg©KZ©v Rvbvb| MÖvgevmxiv GKB gZvgZ
cÖKvk K‡i| euva i¶vi Rb¨ `yB cv‡k I Dc‡i 1 nvZ ch©šÍ Nvm jvMv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| euv‡ai `yB cv‡k KiP I webœv MvQ jvMv‡bviI D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡h‡Q|
Avwki `k‡K D³ nvI‡i †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q cvwb Dbœqb †evW© GKwU møyBm †MBU
wbg©vY K‡iwQj| G ch©šÍ †mLv‡b 5wU møyBm †MBU wbg©vY Kiv n‡jI me¸‡jvB
GLb APj| nvI‡ii dmj i¶vi R‡b¨ 2005 mv‡j 50 j¶ UvKv e¨‡q wbwg©Z
n‡qwQj Avnv¤§KLvjx euva| †ewiev‡uai Av`‡j wbwg©Z mywekvj euv‡ai g‡a¨ AvUKv
c‡o‡Q møyBm †MBU| GB APj møyBm †MBU¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b mswkøó nvIi‡K wecbœ
K‡i Zzj‡Q e‡j ¯’vbxq RbMb g‡b K‡i| APj n‡q hvIqv møyBm †MBU I
AcwiKwíZfv‡e wbg©vY Kiv euv‡ai Kvi‡Y mybvgM‡Äi Ab¨Zg dmwj GjvKv GB
kwbi nvIi AvR wecbœcÖvq| dm‡ji Rb¨ weL¨vZ GB nvI‡ii Rwg‡Z GK‡i 35
†_‡K 40 gY avb d‡j| Rwgi De©iv kw³i cy‡ivUvB cÖvK…wZK| Rwg‡Z avb
djv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv mvi cª‡qvM Ki‡Z nq bv e‡j GLvbKvi Pvj †L‡Z my¯^v`y|
G R‡b¨ kwbi nvI‡i Drcvw`Z dm‡ji we‡kl mybvg Av‡Q|
Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjv mì †_‡K 9 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i kwbi nvIi GjvKvaxb †QvÆ
MÖvg BKivgcyi| AZx‡Z MÖvgwU A‡bK eo wQj| el©vq Avdv‡ji (wekvj †XI‡qi
AvNv‡Z) Kvi‡Y cÖwZ eQiB MÖvgwU †f‡½ µgk: †QvU n‡q hv‡”Q| 2004 mv‡ji
eb¨vq MÖv‡gi mg¯Í Ni I wfUv †XI‡q †f‡½ wM‡qwQj| ZLb wVKvbv nvwi‡q wKQy
gvbyl eva¨ n‡q MÖvg Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î P‡j hvq| 2005 mv‡j A·d¨vg bv‡gi
GKwU †¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯’v D³ MÖvg cybM©V‡bi `vwqZ¡ †bq| ms¯’vwU ZLb MÖv‡gi
gvwU fivU QvovI Aewkó cÖwZwU cwiev‡ii R‡b¨ GKwU K‡i `ÕyPvjv wU‡bi Ni
39
•Zwi K‡i †`q| eZ©gv‡b MÖv‡gi •`N©¨ 150 wgUvi, cÖ¯’ 60 wgUvi| MÖv‡g †gvU
cwiev‡ii msL¨v 30wU, †jvK msL¨v 150 Rb| Nb emwZi Kvi‡Y MÖv‡gi Ni¸‡jv
GKUvi mv‡_ AbÜv jvMv‡bv| MÖvgevmxiv GKB N‡i ivbœvevbœv, Nygv‡bv I MiæevQyi
ivLvi KvR m¤úbœ K‡i|15
4. KiPvi nvIi
KiPvi nvIi mybvgMÄ mì Dc‡Rjvi †M․ies BDwbqb Ges wek¦¤îcyi
Dc‡Rjvi mjyKvev`, cjvk Ges d‡Zcyi BDwbq‡b we¯Í…Z| nvIiwUi AvqZb
4860 †n±i| mybvgMÄ kni †_‡K nvIiwUi `~iZ¡ cÖvq 10 wK‡jvwgUvi|
mybvgMÄ †_‡K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î AMÖnvqb †_‡K •ekvL gvm ch©šÍ cv‡q †n‡U,
wi·v ev †gvUi mvB‡K‡j hvZvqvZ Kiv hvq Z‡e •Rô¨ †_‡K KvwZ©K gvm ch©šÍ
b`xc_B †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKgvÎ gva¨g|
avb GB nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj n‡jI GLv‡b gvmKvjvB Ges AvjyI Pvl Kiv nq|
eZ©gv‡b nvI‡i wKQy wKQy nvBweªW av‡bi Avev` n‡”Q| D”Pdjbkxj av‡bi g‡a¨
weªavb-28, weªavb-29, weAvi-19, wecøe cÖf„wZ Pvlvev` nq| GB nvI‡ii
cÖPwjZ ¯’vbxq RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †MvwP, ivZv, †Ucx, cw•LivR avb D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
nvIiwUi wKQz As‡k Avgb †g․my‡gI av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| †mLvbKvi K…lK‡ì
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rvbv hvq †h, AvR †_‡K 10 eQi Av‡M cjvk MÖv‡gi cv‡k
Kcbv Qovi GKwU ¯’v‡b ï®‥ †g․my‡g (KvwZ©K †_‡K •ekvL) gvwUi wbP †_‡K cvwb
D‡V AvmZ| †mB cvwb ØvivB ï®‥ †g․my‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi dmj Pvl Kiv n‡Zv|
wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b cÖvK…wZKfv‡e D‡V Avmv †mB cvwbi DrmwU eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| GQvov
wewfbœ Kvi‡Y b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ©b n‡q hvIqvq ï®‥ †g․my‡g dmj Pv‡li Rb¨
ch©©vß cwigv‡Y cvwb cvIqv hvq bv| d‡j KiPvi nvI‡ii K…lK‡ì Rwg _vKvi
ciI Zviv †mLv‡b dmj Pvl Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
nvIi GjvKvi MÖvgevmx‡ì †ckv n‡”Q K…wl KvR I gvQaiv, wKQy wKQy gvby‡li
†ckv †QvULv‡Uv eëmv| AwaKvs‡ki †ckv K…wl n‡jI Giv g~jZ K…wlkªwgK|
MÖv‡gi †jvKRb Qqgvm K…wlKv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K, evKx Qqgvm gvQ aivi KvR
K‡i| KiPvi nvIi grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GjvKvi gvby‡li Rxeb
RxweKvi mv‡_ wbweofv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q GB grm¨ m¤ú`| wKš‘ eZ©gvb mg‡q
jxR cÖ_vi Kvi‡Y GB m¤ú‡` GjvKvi mvaviY gvby‡li †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †bB|
40
†R‡j m¤cÖ`vq GLb Avi nvI‡i gvQ aivi my‡hvM cvq bv| wej BRvivi kZ©
g‡Z, BRvivK…Z we‡ji evB‡ii wZbkZ MR ch©šÍ evB‡ii †jv‡Ki gvQ aiv
wbwl×| wKš‘ AwaKvsk mgq we‡ji cvwb D³ mxgv Qvwo‡q eû`~i ch©šÍ
MÖvgevmx‡ì Rwg‡Z P‡j Av‡m| Gmg‡q wb‡Ri Rwg‡Z gvQ ai‡Z †M‡jI
BRviv`viiv evav †`q, GgbwK kvwiixK wbh©vZbI Pvjvq| GLv‡b MÖvgevmx‡ì
msNvZ wbË‣bwgwËK NUbvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| grmRxex‡ì Ici BRviv`v‡ii
†jvK‡ì ¸wj‡Z 2005 mv‡ji 18 A‡±vei 5 Rb ¸iæZi AvnZ nq e‡j Rvbv
hvq| 2006 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m BRviv`v‡ii `v‡qi Kiv gvgjvq Avmvgx‡ì ai‡Z
wM‡q cywjk I MÖvgevmxi g‡a¨ msN‡l© cywjkmn cÖvq `yÕk †jvK AvnZ nq|16
5. Qvqvi nvIi
Qvqvi nvIi wìvB Dc‡Rjvi cwðg I `w¶‡Y Ges mvjøv Dc‡Rjvi DËi I
cwð‡g Aew¯’Z| AvUMuvI I †mvbvi Pi GB `ÕywU BDwbqb wb‡q nvIiwU we¯Í…Z|
AvqZb 490 †n±i|17 DËi `w¶‡Y nvIiwU GKUz j¤^v Avi c~e© cwð‡g wKQzUv
Pvcv| nvI‡ii `w¶‡Y KvwZ©Kcyi, k¨vgcyi, kªxnvBj MÖvg; c~e© w`‡K Rqcyi,
wbqvgZcyi, Avb›`cyi I mvjøv mì; cwð‡g DRvbMuvI, ckviKv›`v, gvmy`bMi
MÖvg Ges DË‡i wìvB Dc‡Rjvi k¨vgvi Pi I †j․jvi Pi Aew¯’Z| Qvqvi
nvI‡ii Pvicv‡k cªvq c‡biwU MÖvg i‡q‡Q| nvI‡ii cwð‡g myigv b`x Ges c~e©
w`‡K `vivBb b`x| GB b`x `ywUi AwZwi³ cvwbB nvI‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i|
Qvqvi nvI‡i avb GKgvÎ dmj| Z‡e e¨vcK cÖwZKzjZvi ciI Kv›`v GjvKvi
K…lKiv wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR Pvl K‡i _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b †`kx, D”Pdjbkxj
Ges nvBweªW Rv‡Zi avb Pvl Kiv n‡”Q| ¯’vbxq K…lK‡ì g‡Z, nvI‡ii †gvU
Rwgi kZKiv 60 fv‡MB eZ©gv‡b weªavb-28 Ges 29 Pvl Kiv n‡”Q| GQvov
g½j I kvnRvjvj avbI Pvl Kiv nq| wKQyw`b hveZ nvBweªW wniv av‡bi Pvl
ïiæ n‡q‡Q| nvBweªW Rv‡Zi Avev` 5% GiI Kg Rwg‡Z, evwK 35% Rwg‡Z
†`kx Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv avb Pvl n‡”Q| †`kx Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv avb †KejgvÎ wbPz
Rwg‡Z Pvl Kiv nq| †ev‡iv I kvBj avb Av‡M cv‡K weavq mevB `y-GK †Kqvi
K‡i GB av‡bi Pvl K‡i| weªavb-28 I 29, g½j, kvnRvjvj, wniv G¸‡jvi Mo
djb †Kqvi cÖwZ 15 gb| †ev‡iv I kvBj av‡bi Drcv`b M‡o 8 †_‡K 10 gY|
41
†ewk dmj cvIqvi Avkvq GLvbKvi K…lKiv Zv‡ì Av‡Mi w`‡bi av‡bi e`‡j
GLb Ddkx I nvBweª‡Wi Pv‡li w`‡K Sz‡K c‡o‡Q| Qvqvi nvI‡i 15/20 ermi
c~‡e© ïay †ev‡iv I kvBj av‡bi Pvl n‡Zv| wKš‘ Bwi (Ddkx) av‡bi Drcv`b
†ekx nIqvq K…l‡Kiv Zv‡ì Av‡Mi av‡bi w`‡K †Zgb bRi w`‡”Q bv| K…lK‡ì
g‡Z, Bwi av‡bi Drcv`b fv‡jv wKš‘ exR †RvMvo Kiv LyeB KwVb| wWjv‡ii
wbKU †_‡K exR Avbvi Rb¨ w`‡bi ci w`b jvBb w`‡q A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq|
A‡bK †¶‡Î wWjviiv exR evRv‡i †ewk `v‡g †Q‡o †`q, d‡j K…lK‡ì †ewk
`v‡g wKb‡Z nq|
MÖvgevmx‡ì g‡Z, MZ wÎk eQ‡i GB nvI‡ii A‡bK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| Av‡M
Qvqvi nvI‡i Nb Nb eb wQ‡jv| †mB e‡b dUwK, wRbvix, KvUvQvi, Lvivj, Givj,
PvicvZvi cÖPzi MvQ wQ‡jv| eb _vKvi Kvi‡Y cvwbi †XD Kg wQ‡jv, dmjnvwbI
Kg n‡Zv| Av‡M b`x Mfxi _vKvq cvnvo †_‡K †h cvwb AvmZ Zv b`x w`‡q
†ewi‡q †hZ wKš‘ cvnv‡oi cwj‡Z b`xi Zj‡`k fivU n‡q hvIqvq b`xi bve¨Zv
n«vm †c‡q‡Q| d‡j mvgvb¨ cvwb n‡jB GjvKvi dm‡ji gvV-NvU Wy‡e hvq Ges
dm‡ji e¨vcK ¶wZ n‡q _v‡K| GQvov Av‡M nvI‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖPzi gvQ
cvIqv †hZ| wQj wewfbœ ai‡bi cvwL| Qvqvi nvIi GjvKvq erm‡i 10-12 evi
Avdvj nq| GUv GK †_‡K `yÕw`b ¯’vqx nq| Avdvj ïiæ n‡j †jvKRb mZK©
nq| Avdv‡ji Kvi‡Y GB GjvKvi Ni-evwoi e¨vcK ¶wZ nq| cÖwZ eQi MÖv‡gi
gvbyl‡K Ni-evwo †givgZ Ki‡Z nq| dvêyb •PÎ gv‡m GjvKvi gvby‡liv evwoi
Pvicv‡k gvwU‡Zvjvmn Ni †givg‡Zi KvR K‡i _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î bvix-cyiæl
Df‡qB kªg w`‡q _v‡K|
GLv‡b GKUz DuPz Rwg‡Z Ges G‡Kev‡i wbPz Rwg‡Z †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq|
KviY †ev‡iv av‡bi Rwg‡Z Lye †ewk cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| wKš‘ Bwi av‡bi
Rwg‡Z Aek¨B gv‡S gv‡S cvwb w`‡Z nq| wKš‘ MÖvgevmxiv Rvbvb, dvêyb gv‡m
BRviv`viiv gvQ aivi Rb¨ we‡ji me cvwb b`x‡Z w`‡q †`q d‡j nvI‡i cvwb
GKUyI _v‡K bv| Bwi av‡b Zviv †h cvwb †`‡e Zv Avi †èvi eë¯’v _v‡K bv|
Qvqvi nvI‡i Rwg Pvl Kivi Rb¨ AwaKvsk cwiev‡iB ej` i‡q‡Q| MÖv‡g †ek
wKQz gwnlI Av‡Q| AwaKvsk cwievi avb Avbvi Rb¨ Miæi Mvwo I gwn‡li Mvwo
eënvi K‡i| eo cwievi¸‡jvi avb gvovB Kivi †gwkb Av‡Q| Z‡e fvov
42
wnmv‡e (17 fvM) avb gvovB hš¿ cvIqv hvq| eo cÖwZwU cwiev‡iB av‡bi
Rwg‡Z wej †_‡K cvwb †èvi Rb¨ 1wU K‡i †QvU †gwkb Av‡Q| GB nvI‡i †ek
wKQz nv‡mi Lvgvi i‡q‡Q|
avb KvUvi ci †_‡K Qvqvi nvI‡ii wbKUeZ©x MÖv‡gi K…l‡Kiv Zv‡ì avb wewµ
ïiæ K‡i| KviY avb wewµ K‡iB msmv‡ii hveZxq Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv nq|
gqgbwmsn, XvKv, wm‡jU I ¯’vbxq †ecvwiiv eo eo Uªjvi wb‡q evwo evwo wM‡q
avb wK‡b wb‡q Av‡m| K…l‡Kiv avb evwo †_‡KB wewµ K‡i weavq cwienb Lye
GKUv Ki‡Z nq bv| wKš‘ exR I mvi Avbv †bIqvi Rb¨ GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q
cÖPzi cwigvY †VjvMvwo| GB Mvwo‡Z K‡iB mvi exR Avbv †bIqv Kiv nq|
nvIi GjvKvi MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z cÖPzi Miæ _vKvq †Mvei ïwK‡q Zviv R¡vjvbx wn‡m‡e
eënvi K‡i| ZvQvov MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q Avg, Rvg, bvwi‡Kj euvkmn wewfbœ
ai‡bi Mv‡Qi mgv‡ivnÑ hvi WvjcvjvI R¡vjvbx wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv nq|
K…lK cwievi¸‡jv‡Z dmj bv †Zvjv ch©šÍ fimv _v‡K bv| GB nvI‡i 2005
mvj Qvov cÖwZ ermiB wkjv e„wó wKsev eb¨vq Kg‡ewk dmj bó n‡q‡Q| dmj
bó n‡j MÖv‡gi mevB ZLb gvQ ai‡Z e¨¯Í n‡q hvq| wKš‘ nvI‡i Zv‡ì gvQ aiv
wbwl×| gvQ ai‡Z †M‡j jx‡Ri gvwj‡Ki jvwVqvj evwnbx Zv‡ì †b․Kv Rvj
†K‡o †bq| G‡¶‡Î •Rô¨ †_‡K Avwk¦b gvm ch©šÍ Zviv gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i, evwK
mgq BRviv`vi‡ì f‡q Zviv gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i bv| dmjnvbxi Kvi‡Y m„ó
cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvq eo cwievi¸‡jv Zv‡ì Miæ, Rwg BZ¨vw` wewµ K‡i msmvi
Pvjvq| f~wgnxbiv gvwU †K‡U, wiKkv Pvwj‡q, A‡bï Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i msmvi
Pvjvq| Avevi Afv‡ei Zvobvq GB nvI‡ii A‡b‡KB Pzwi K‡i Rxeb-RxweKv
wbe©vn K‡i| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z DRvbMuvI, wPcvWywe, •ejecyi, KygviMuvI, abcyi,
RvZMuvI MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk gvby‡li †ckv Pzwi Kiv|18
6. gvwUqvb nvIi
gvwUqvb nvIi mybvgMÄ †Rjvi Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvq Aew¯’Z| Gi AvqZb
2,403 †n±i| GB nvI‡ii c~e© I `w¶Y cv‡k¦© †e․jvB b`x| nvIiwU cÖvK…wZK
43
m¤ú` I K…wl m¤ú‡` mg„×| nvI‡ii `w¶‡Y eZbkªx MÖvg; DË‡i KvDKvw›` I
AvjgLvjx MÖvg; c~e©w`‡K RvgvjMo I eo`j MÖvg Ges cwð‡g Avmgviv b`x,
Avb›` bMi I Qvjgvbcyi MÖvg| gvwUqvb nvI‡ii Ae¯’vb Uv½yqvi nvI‡ii mv‡_
nIqvq cÖwZ eQiB eb¨vq dmj bó nq|
gvwUqvb nvI‡i K…l‡Kiv †ev‡iv I kvBj av‡bi Pvl †ewk K‡i| Z‡e av‡bi djb
†ewk nIqvi Kvi‡Y KÕeQi a‡i gvwUqvb nvI‡i Bwi av‡bi Pvl ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
2007 mv‡ji GK wi‡cvU© g‡Z, D³ nvI‡i †ev‡iv avb 10% Rwg‡Z, kvBj avb
cÖvq 90% Rwg‡Z Ges 1/2% Rwg‡Z Ddkx av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| cvwbi mgm¨vi
Kvi‡Y Bwi av‡bi Pvl e¨vnZ nq|
avb Pv‡li Rb¨ K…l‡Kiv mvaviYZ N‡ii exR eënvi K‡i| B`vwbs Ddkx avb
Pv‡li Rb¨ miKv‡ii wbKU †_‡K exR mieivn Kiv nq| MÖvgevmxiv e‡jb,
†ev‡iv I kvBj av‡bi Rwg‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKvi mvi eënvi Kiv nq bv| wKš‘ hviv
Ddkx av‡bi Pvl K‡ib Zviv Rwg‡Z mvgvb¨ cwigvY mvi I KxUbvkK eënvi
K‡ib| Rwg Pv‡li Rb¨ Zviv Uªv±i fvov K‡i wb‡q Av‡mb|
gvwUqvb nvI‡ii AwaKvsk Rwg‡Z av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| evwK Rwg cwZZ _v‡K|
MÖvgevmxi g‡Z, gvwUqvb nvI‡ii †gvU e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Rwgi 40% cwZZ
_v‡K| ïaygvÎ 2005 mvj Qvov cÖwZ eQiB eb¨v, wkjve„wó BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK
`y‡h©v‡M nvI‡ii wKQz bv wKQz dmj bó nq| GK dmjx Rwg nIqvq dm‡ji
¶wZ ev dmj bó n‡j cieZ©x eQi Kx fv‡e cvi Ki‡e †m wPšÍvq MÖvgevmxiv
DwØNœ _v‡K| wbgœweËiv dmj bv †c‡jI el©vi mgq gvQ a‡i Zv wewµ K‡i
RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| wKš‘ ga¨weË cwievi¸‡jv bv cv‡i gRywi LvU‡Z, bv cv‡I
gvQ a‡i wewµ Ki‡Z| d‡j AwZwi³ FY K‡i, Miæ, Rwg wKsev evwo-Ni wewµ
K‡i Zv‡ì msmvi Pvjv‡Z nq| dmjnvwbi Kvi‡Y gvwUqvb nvI‡ii A‡bK
K…lKB me©kvšÍ n‡q‡Q| A‡b‡KB GLb K…wli cvkvcvwk wewfbœ ai‡bi eëmv
Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| hv‡ì UvKv Av‡Q Zviv Kqjv, cv_i I evwji eëmv K‡i|
Mªvgevmxi g‡Z, weMZ 10 eQ‡ii 8 eQiB gvwUqvb nvI‡ii dm‡ji ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q| d‡j hviv GK mgq A‡bK Rwgi gvwjK wQj, Zviv GLb wfLvwi‡Z
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
44
GB nvI‡i cvwb †XvKvi †cQ‡b cvnvwo Xj I b`xi AMfxiZv A‡bKvs‡k `vwq|
A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, †e․jvB b`x, Avmgviv b`x I Rv`yKvUv b`x Lbb Ki‡j
cvnvwo Xj b`x w`‡q mvM‡i P‡j hv‡e Ges nvI‡ii dmj †eu‡P hv‡e| kwbi nvIi
I gvwUqvb nvI‡ii dmj i¶vi Rb¨ cÖwZ eQiB MÖvgevmxiv GK mv‡_ wM‡q
Uv½yqvi nvI‡ii eva †K‡U †`q, d‡j wKQy cvwb Uv½yqvi nvI‡i Xy‡K| G‡Z GB
nvI‡i cvwbi Pvc Kg _v‡K| gvwUqvb nvI‡i cvwb Av‡m eo †`vj, †MvjvNvU,
†evqvjNvU, †evqvj gviv †ewoeuv` †f‡½|19
7. †PwÞi nvIi
†PwÞi nvIi mybvgM‡Äi wìvB Dc‡Rjvi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z| GB nvIiwU DËi
`w¶‡Y 7-8 gvBj j¤^v Ges c~e© cwð‡g 6 gvB‡ji gZ PIov| GB nvI‡ii
Pvicv‡k 13wU MÖvg Av‡Q| cwðg cvk w`‡q Kvjbx b`x Ges c~e© cvk w`‡q
gnmxb b`x GB nvIi‡K wN‡i †i‡L‡Q| nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK
RMbœv_cyi I wìvB Dc‡Rjvq we¯Í…Z GB nvI‡ii AvqZb 7,129 †n±i|
†PwÞi nvI‡i †`kx Rv‡Zi kvBj, †ev‡iv, D”Pdjbkxj Rv‡Zi weªavb-28, 29,
19 Ges nvBweªW wniv avb Pvl Kiv nq| me av‡bi g‡a¨ †ev‡iv I kvBj avb
GKUz wbPz Rwg‡Z Ges A‡c¶vK…Z DuPz Rwg‡Z Bwi I wniv avb Pvl Kiv nq|
†ev‡iv I kvBj av‡bi exR K…l‡Ki N‡iB _v‡K| Bwi I wniv av‡bi exR wWjv‡ii
KvQ †_‡K †Kbv m¤¢e bv n‡j evRvi †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z nq|
nvI‡i cvwb XyK‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j gvÎ 8 N›Uvq mg¯Í nvIi cvwb‡Z f‡i hvq| b`xi
MfxiZv Kg _vKvq cvnvwo X‡ji †h cvwb Av‡m Zv Kvjbx b`xi Kzj Qvwc‡q
nvI‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| dmj bó nIqvi Kvi‡Y weMZ 20 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ 50%
K…lKiv Rwg weµq K‡i †Kv‡bv g‡Z †eu‡P Av‡Q| G nvI‡ii cÖvq A‡a©K Rwgi
gvwjK evB‡ii K‡qKwU MÖv‡gi †jvKRb|
MÖvgevmx Rvbvq, eQ‡i 2 †_‡K 4 evi Avdvj nq Ges 1/2 w`b _v‡K| G mgq
nvI‡i Drcbœ mvM‡ii g‡Zv †XD evwoN‡i AvNvZ nv‡b| ZLb evwo-Ni-iv¯Ív i¶v
Kivi Rb¨ euvk †M‡o eb w`‡Z nq| wKš‘ GLb Avi †Zgb eb cvIqv hvq bv|
d‡j evwo Ni †f‡½ hvq| G Rb¨ cÖwZ eQi evwo‡Z gvwU fivU Ki‡Z nq| MÖv‡gi
gvbyl g‡b K‡ib, gviKzjx b`x Lbb I euva wbg©vY Kiv n‡j nvIievmxi mgm¨v
eûjvs‡k jvMe n‡e|
45
AZx‡Z nvI‡i A‡bK eb Ges cÖPzi gvQ wQj| mviv eQi gvQ a‡i msmvi Pvjv‡bv
†h‡Zv| wKš‘ BRviv †`qvi Kvi‡Y MÖvgevmx GLb nvI‡i gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i bv|
Kvjbx b`x‡ZI gvQ aiv wb‡la| Zviv e‡jb, GLb Avgv‡ì jywK‡q gvQ ai‡Z
nq| Avgv‡ì wb‡Ri Rwg‡ZI Avgiv gvQ ai‡Z cvwi bv| wej BRviv c×wZ
Avgv‡ì Rb¨ giYduv`| Avgv‡ì euvP‡Z n‡j gvQ aiv Qvov †Kv‡bv Dcvq
†bB|20
8. Av½yivjx nvIi
Zvwnicyi I wek¦¤îcyi Dc‡Rjvi Askwe‡kl wb‡q Av½yivjx nvI‡ii we¯Í…wZ|
nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK GB nvI‡i 2,835 †n±i Rwg Av‡Q|
Zb¥‡a¨ 1,050 †n±i Rwg‡Z †ev‡iv dmj Drcv`b Kiv nq| 1981-82 m‡b
evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 115.00 jÿ UvKv e¨‡q GKwU cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi
KvR ïiæ K‡i 1985-86 mv‡j †kl K‡i| GB cÖK‡íi Aaxb 26.60
wK‡jvwgUvi WzešÍ euva, 5 wK‡jvwgUvi K¤úvU©‡g›Uvj euva, 1wU †K¬vRvi, 1wU
†i¸‡jUi, 2wU cvBc møyBm, 10wU †mP Bb‡jU wbg©vY Kiv nq| GK Z‡_¨ Rvbv
hvq, GB nvI‡i 3,225 †gwUªK Ub †ev‡iv avb Drcbœ nq| †ev‡iv dmj QvovI
GB nvIi mybvgMÄ †Rjvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rjgnvj wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
9. P›`ª‡mvbvi_vj nvIi
P›`ª‡mvbvi_vj nvIi ag©cvkv Dc‡Rjvi 3wU BDwbq‡b we¯Í…Z| GB nvI‡i †`kx
av‡bi cvkvcvwk D”P djbkxj av‡biI Pvl Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
K…lK nvBweªW avbI Pvl K‡i| avb QvovI †g․mygx dmj U‡g‡Uv, wgwó Av‡jv,
gwiP, mwilv, wZj, wZwk BZ¨vw` dmj Pvl Kiv nq| GB nvI‡i PvlK…Z †ev‡iv
av‡bi cÖPwjZ RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †MvwP, ivZv, †Ucx, cw•LivR cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 1974 mv‡j GB nvI‡i GKwU cÖK‡íi KvR ïiæ K‡i
1994 mv‡j †kl K‡i| cÖK‡íi KvR †kl Ki‡Z e¨q nq 2 †KvwU 85 jÿ UvKv|
GB cÖK‡íi Aaxb 55.50 wK‡jvwgUvi WzešÍ euva, 2wU †ió nvDR, 3wU †i¸‡jUi,
5wU møyBm cvBc, 8wU †mP cvBc wbg©vY I 1.70 wK‡jvwgUvi Lvj Lbb Kiv nq|
46
eZ©gv‡b GB nvI‡ii NvMjvLvjx Lv‡ji Rqkªx As‡k, P›`ª‡mvbvi_vj I †WvevBj
Lv‡ji gy‡L Aew¯’Z møyBm †MBU A‡K‡Rv _vKvq GjvKvevmx gvivZ¥K ÿwZ ¯^xKvi
Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q|
10. avbKywbqvi nvIi
ag©cvkv Dc‡Rjvi myLv ivRvcyi DËi, myLv ivRvcyi `wÿY BDwbqb Ges
Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvi Askwe‡kl wb‡q avbKzwbqv nvIi we¯Í…Z| avb G nvI‡ii
cÖavb dmj n‡jI GLv‡b gyjv, U‡g‡Uv, †e¸b, Kijv, mwilv, †cuqvR, imyb,
KvDb, wZwk, jvD, wgwó Avjy, ev`vg BZ¨vw` dm‡jiI Avev` n‡q _v‡K|
evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© nvI‡ii Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ 2 †KvwU 59 jÿ UvKv e¨q
avh© K‡i 1962 mv‡j GKwU cÖKí nv‡Z †bq| cieZ©x‡Z 1994 mv‡j cÖK‡íi
KvR cybivq ïiæ K‡i 1997 mv‡j m¤úbœ Kiv nq| GB cÖK‡íi Aaxb 20.50
wK‡jvwgUvi euva, 6 wK‡jvwgUvi K¤úvU©‡g›Uvj euva, 2wU †i¸‡jUi I 1wU †i÷
nvDR wbwg©Z n‡qwQj| cÖK‡íi MÖm Gwiqv 1,692 †n±i Ges †bU Gwiqv 1,153
†n±i wQj| GB nvI‡ii `ywU møyBm †M‡Ui g‡a¨ GKwU K‡qK ermi c~‡e© †mªv‡Zi
†e‡M †f‡m hvq| ZvB eb¨vi cvwb‡Z nvI‡ii e¨vcK dmjnvbx N‡U| K…lK‡ì
`yt‡Li AšÍ _v‡K bv|
11. nvwji nvIi
RvgvjMÄ Dc‡Rjvi mì, †e‡njx, mvPbv evRvi BDwbqb Ges wek¦¤îcyi I
Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvi mvgvb¨ Ask wb‡q GB nvI‡ii we¯Í…wZ| nvI‡ii DËi-c~‡e©
†e․jvB b`x, cwð‡g myNvBi b`x, DË‡i cywUqv b`x I c~‡e© iw³ b`x Aew¯’Z|
QvwZaiv, Nwbgq, †ivqvjv I KQgv wej GB nvI‡ii D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Rjgnvj|
cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 1964 mv‡j 4 †KvwU 90 jÿ UvKv e¨q avh© K‡i GB nvI‡ii
Dbœq‡bi R‡b¨ GKwU cÖKí MÖnY K‡i| 1988 mv‡j GB cÖK‡íi KvR mgvß nq|
cÖK‡íi Aaxb 72 wK‡jvwgUvi WyešÍ euva, 20 wK‡jvwgUvi Lvj Lbb, 5wU
†i¸‡jUi I 10wU Bb‡jU wbg©vY Kiv nq|
47
GB nvI‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K møyBm †MU bv _vKvq cÖwZ ermi wecyj cwigvb
dm‡ji nvwb N‡U| KvjvMvs‡qi Lvovq, cywUqv b`xi gy‡L, KvBjvwbgviv bvjvi
gy‡L, gvngy`cy‡ii Lv‡ji gy‡L, †niviKvw›` Lv‡ji gy‡L I †bZzqv Lv‡ji gy‡L
møyBm †MU I †eoxevua wbg©vY Ki‡Z cvi‡j nvIiwU‡K AvKw®§K eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K
iÿv Kiv m¤¢e n‡Zv|
12. Uvsbxi nvIi
Uvsbxi nvIi wìvB Dc‡Rjvi Zvoj Ges †KvjÄ BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| nvIi
Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq GB nvIiwU (52 bs µwg‡K) Uv½yqvi nvIi wn‡m‡e
wjwce× hvi AvqZb 4,860 †n±i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GB nvI‡ii `wÿ‡Y Kzwkqviv
b`x Ges cwð‡g Kvjbx b`x Aew¯’Z|
cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 1990 mv‡j GB nvI‡ii DbœqbK‡í 5 †KvwU 93 jÿ 17
nvRvi UvKvi GKwU cÖKí nv‡Z †bq| cÖK‡íi Aax‡b 4wU møyBm †MU, 20wU
Bwi‡Mkb Bb‡jU, 1wU †K¬vRvi, 2wU †i¸‡jUi, 29.20 wK‡jvwgUvi WzešÍ euva,
7.54 wK‡jvwgUvi K¤úvU©‡g›Uvj euva wbg©vY I 7.84 wK‡jvwgUvi Lvj cyb:Lbb
Kiv nq| cÖK‡íi KvR †kl nq 1995 mv‡j| GB cÖK‡íi MÖm Gwiqv 5,000
†n±i Ges †bU Gwiqv 2,736 †n±i|
G nvI‡i Ddmx RvZxq av‡bi cvkvcvwk †`kxq Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv av‡biI Pvl Kiv
nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv K…lK GLv‡b nvBweªW RvZxq av‡biI Pvl K‡i| †`kx Rv‡Zi
†ev‡iv av‡bi g‡a¨ †MvwP, ivZv, †Ucx, c•LxivR cÖf…wZ av‡bi Pvl nq| nvI‡ii
cÖavb dmj avb n‡jI †g․mygx dmj wn‡m‡e mwilv, wZj, wZwk, wgwó Av‡jv,
U‡g‡Uv, gwiP BZ¨vw` iweklÏ cÖPzi R‡b¥ GB nvI‡i|
13. eivg nvIi
wìvB Dc‡Rjvi Zvoj, kig½j BDwbqb Ges †c․imfvi wKq`skmn kvjøv
Dc‡Rjvi nvweecyi BDwbq‡b we¯Í…Z eivg nvIi| Gi c~e©-`wÿ‡Y Kvjbx b`x I
DËi-cwð‡g PvgwU b`x Aew¯’Z| GB nvI‡ii Af¨šÍifv‡M †QvU eo cÖvq 9/10wU
48
wej i‡q‡Q| nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv g‡Z GB nvI‡ii AvqZb 1,825 †n±i
(µwgK 60)|
cvwb Dbœqb †evW© GB nvI‡ii DbœwZK‡í 1987-88 mv‡j 3 †KvwU 67 jÿ 72
nvRvi UvKv e¨q a‡i GKwU cÖKí nv‡Z †bq| Gi Aax‡b WzešÍ euva,
K¤úvU©‡g›Uvj euva, Lvj Lbbmn 2wU †i¸‡jUi, 3wU cvBc møyBm †MU, 34wU
Bwi‡Mkb Bb‡jU wbwg©Z nq|
14. cvMbvi nvIi
cvMbvi nvIi RvgvjMÄ Dc‡Rjvi mì, †dbvievK, fxgLvjx BDwbqb I wìvB
Dc‡Rjvi Askwe‡kl wb‡q we¯Í…Z| RvgvjMÄ Dc‡Rjv m`‡ii DËi w`‡K
Aew¯’Z GB nvI‡ii `wÿ‡Y wcqvBb b`x, cwð‡g †e․jvB b`x Ges DË‡i myigv
b`x Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj †ev‡iv avb| Z‡e kyK‡bv †g․my‡g myigv b`xi
Zxi †N‡m U‡g‡Uv, gwiP Ges †e¸‡bi Pvl nq|
nvI‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i cvMbvi wej, PUei cvMjv, evBb`vi, UwMqvi, QvMvBqv fvÛv
b`x, bjPzwjø b`x, jvj cvKbv, †`․jZ b`x, †MvsMvaicyi b`x MÖæc, Qqiv b`x
MÖæc, †KvivBwjqv b`x MÖæc, jwZ MÖæc, wìvB PvZj, fzwZqvi b`x, AvBjv wej
cÖf…wZ Rjgnvj n‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡bi grm¨ m¤ú` AvniY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G
†_‡K cÖwZ ermi eû UvKv ivR¯^ Av`vq nq|
nvI‡ii †fZ‡i cÖwZ ermi cwj Rgv n‡q cvwb wb®‥vkb eë¯’v †f‡½ c‡o‡Q|
cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 1990 mv‡j 2 †KvwU 95 jÿ UvKv e¨‡q 45 wK‡jvwgUvi WzešÍ
euva, 6 wK‡jvwgUvi K¤úvU©‡g›Uvj euva, 2wU †i¸‡jUi I 8.20 wK‡jvwgUvi Lvj
Lb‡bi cÖKí MÖnY K‡i 1995 mv‡j m¤úbœ K‡i| GB cÖK‡íi MÖm Gwiqv
19,075 †n±i Ges †bU Gwiqv wQj 10,476 †n±i| Z‡e nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i
Z_¨ g‡Z GB nvI‡ii Gwiqv 8,100 †n±i|
L. wm‡jU †Rjv
wm‡jU †Rjvi †gvU AvqZb 3452.07 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v
35,67,138 Rb| Zb¥‡a¨ nvIivÂ‡ji RbmsL¨v 31,80,800 Rb|21 Gi DË‡i
49
fvi‡Zi Lvwmqv RqwšÍqv cvnvo, `w¶‡Y †g․jfxevRvi †Rjv, c~‡e© fvi‡Zi KvQvo
I KwigMÄ †Rjv, cwð‡g mybvgMÄ I `w¶Y cwð‡g nweMÄ †Rjv| †gvU 13wU
Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ 11wU Dc‡Rjv nvIi AaÿwlZ| G †Rjvq DuPz cvnvwo f~wgi
cvkvcvwk AmsL¨ b`b`x, Lvjwe‡ji mg¤^q N‡U‡Q| Gi cÖavb b`x n‡jv myigv I
Kzwkqviv| GLv‡bi nvI‡ii wekvj GjvKvq av‡bi mgv‡ivn QvovI i‡q‡Q cÖPzi
gvQ| †Rjvi •RšÍvcyi I †Kv¤úvbxMÄ Dc‡Rjvi Rvdjs I †fvjvM‡Ä i‡q‡Q
cv_i msMÖ‡ni e¨vcK Av‡qvRb|
cÖPzi m¤ú` _vKv m‡Ë¡I GB †Rjvi eû AwaevmxB we‡`kgyLx| Rwgi cªK…Z
gvwjK Abycw¯’Z _vKvq eM©v Pvl cÖ_vB GLv‡b †ewk| nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i
ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK †Rjvq †gvU 44wU nvIi (1,02,223 †n±i) i‡q‡Q| Z‡e
wm‡jU †Rjv cwil‡ì Z_¨ evZvqb †gvZv‡eK †Rjvq †QvUeo wgwj‡q †gvU 82wU
nvIi-wej i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ wms¸qv we‡ji AvqZb 12.65 eM© wK.wg. Ges PvZjv
wej 11.86 eM© wK.wg.| †Rjvq †gvU 203wU Rjgnvj i‡q‡Q|
†Rjvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nvIi¸‡jv n‡”Q :
1. evDifvM nvIi 2. cv_iPvIjx nvIi 3. evjvB nvIi 4. ev‡ovqv nvIi 5.
gy³vicyi nvIi 6. gvKowk nvIi 7. eo nvIi 8. PvZj nvIi 9. gvBRvj
nvIi 10. wRjKvi nvIi 11. †lvj nvIi 12. nvBwjKv nvIi cÖf„wZ|22
wb‡gœ †Rjvi K‡qKwU nvI‡ii weeiY †`qv n‡jv :
1. evjvB nvIi
RwKMÄ Dc‡Rjvi evjvB nvI‡ii Rwgi cwigvb 4,340 †n±i| evjvB nvIi
¯’vbxqfv‡e `yevBj nvIi bv‡gI cwiwPZ| wm‡jU-RwKMÄ mo‡Ki cv‡kB GB
nvIiwUi Ae¯’vb| nvI‡ii Pvicv‡k i‡q‡Q kZvwaK MÖvg| nvI‡ii g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
†QvU eo †gvU 5wU wej| cÖwZwU wejB miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K BRviv †`qv i‡q‡Q|
wgwjUvwi Lvj (Zvj b`x) nvI‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q c~e© †_‡K cwðg w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q
Kzwkqviv b`x‡Z cwZZ n‡q‡Q|
evjvB nvI‡ii cªavb dmj avb| GB nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj †ev‡iv avb n‡jI Avgb
I AvDk †g․my‡gI avb Pvl Kiv nq| nvI‡ii 10% Rwg DuPz, 5% gvSvix Ges
85% wbPz Rwg| DuPz 10% Rwg‡Z Avgb av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| †m‡Pi myweav
50
cvIqv †M‡j Avg‡bi Rwg‡Z †ev‡iv avbI Pvl Kiv nq| evwoi cv‡ki Rwg‡Z
A‡bK K…lK KPz, Kygov, gvwUK`y, gwiP, wS½v I wewfbœ iKg kvK Drcv`b K‡i|
GB nvI‡i i‡q‡Q wewfbœ †g․my‡gi A‡bK Rv‡Zi avb †hgb, †ev‡iv, kvBj, •Lqv,
aj‡gN, cvBRvg, Bwi, weªavb-28, weAvi-11, KvjxwRiv, evwiKavb, j¨vVv,
Kvjx‡mdix, Rwiqv, e¸ov jvKx, gyivjx BZ¨vw`| ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i Av‡M evjvB
nvI‡i AvDm I Avgb GKmv‡_ †evbv n‡Zv dvêyb-•ekvL gv‡m| AvDm avb
ÔgyivjxÕ AvovB gv‡mi g‡a¨ †c‡K †hZ| ZLb evjvB nvI‡ii 7wU LvjB †Lvjv
wQj| myigv I Kzwkqviv w`‡q cvwb Avm‡Zv| avb Wy‡e †M‡jI Avevi wZb w`‡bi
g‡a¨ cvwb P‡j †hZ| ZLb evjvB nvI‡ii 7wU LvjB †Lvjv wQj| myigv I
Kzwkqviv w`‡q cvwb G‡m avb Wy‡e †M‡jI Avevi wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ cvwb P‡j
†h‡Zv|
¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì AwfgZ, ¯^vaxbZv c~e©Kv‡j hLb me Lvj¸‡jvi gyL †Lvjv
wQj ZLb nvI‡i cÖPzi cwjgvwU Avm‡Zv| Pvl w`‡j gvwU SziSz‡i n‡Zv| wKš‘
GLb gvwU Pvl w`‡j wcQjv n‡q hvq| Av‡Mi g‡Zv gvwU Kv`v nq bv| Pvl Lye
GKUv Mfx‡i hvq bv| ¯^vaxbZv hy×Kvjxb mg‡q GB nvI‡ii mvZwU Lv‡j euva
w`‡q †`qv nq| GB evu‡ai Kvi‡Y GLvbKvi K…wl cªwZ‡ek e`‡j †M‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b evjvB nvI‡ii gvÎ 25% Rwg‡Z K…wl KvR Kiv nq| cvwbi Afve,
Kjg Mv‡Qi AvwaK¨ Ges Avw_©K Am”PjZvi Kvi‡Y evwK Rwg cwZZ _v‡K|
evjvB nvI‡i Kjg MvQ GZ †ewk cwigvY nq †h, cy‡iv nvIiwU‡K GB Kjg MvQ
wN‡i †d‡j‡Q| GK †Kqvi Rwgi Kjg MvQ cwi®‥vi Ki‡Z 4/5 nvRvi UvKv LiP
nq| GKevi cwi®‥vi Ki‡j eb¨v n‡j Avevi Mv‡Q f‡i hvq| Kjg MvQ GB
evjvB nvI‡ii Rb¨ eo mgm¨v| evjvB nvI‡i myigv b`x †_‡K cvwb Avmvi Rb¨
7wU Lv‡ji g‡a¨ gvÎ 1wU Lv‡j møyBm †MBU Av‡Q| hvi `yÕwU Kcv‡Ui GKwU bó|
nvI‡i b`xi cvwb Avmvi †Kv‡bv c_ †bB| MÖvgevmxiv Rvbvb, cvwb bv Avmvi
Kvi‡Y cwj gvwU Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j nvI‡ii gvwU w`b w`b bó n‡q hv‡”Q|
nvI‡i avb Pv‡li Rb¨ nvI‡ii ga¨ w`‡q e‡q hvIqv KvUv Lvj †_‡K †gwk‡bi
mvnv‡h¨ cvwb †Ìqv nq| †ek K‡qKRb MÖvgevmx ej‡jb, nvI‡ii av‡b MZ
2005 mv‡j Kvjv †cvKvi AvµgY n‡qwQj| ZLb dzjZjvi cxi mv‡ne nvI‡ii
Pvi cv‡k PviwU ZvweR cy‡Z w`‡qwQ‡jb| †hw`b ZvweR cyZ‡jb Zvi ciw`bB me
51
Kvjv †cvKv nvIi †_‡K D‡o P‡j †Mj| MÖvgevmxi g‡Z evjvB nvI‡ii A‡a©K
Rwg GB cxi mv‡n‡ei|
evjvB nvI‡ii c~e© cvk w`‡q RwKMÄ wm‡jU cvKv moK| GB moK msjMœ AviI
eû cvKv I KuvPv moK w`‡q AwaKvsk MÖv‡gB hvIqv hvq| evjvB nvI‡ii eo wej
Ô`yevBjÕ| GwU ¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx GK e¨w³ jxR wb‡q Zvi Pvicvk w`‡q euva w`‡q
wdkvwi M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| GB euva w`‡qI K…l‡Kiv Zv‡ì dmj Avbv †bIqv K‡ib|
GK mgq nvI‡ii AwaKvsk †jvK grm¨ †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ wQj| jxR cÖ_v Pvjy
nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvi `„k¨cU e`‡j hvq| nvI‡i Zviv 90 mv‡ji ci
†_‡K Avi gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i bv| †Mvc‡b gvQ ai‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡KB wbh©vwZZ
n‡q‡Q jvwVqvj evwnbxi nv‡Z| nvwi‡q‡Q Rvj I †b․Kv| hvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì
A‡b‡KB †ckv cwieZ©b wKsev ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q| A‡bK
grm¨Rxex mxgv‡šÍi Icv‡iI P‡j †M‡Q|23
2. cv_iPvIjx nvIi
cv_iPvIjx nvI‡ii AvqZb 6,073 †n±i| GwU wm‡j‡Ui †Kv¤úvbxMÄ
Dc‡Rjvq Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii cwðg cvk w`‡q wcqvBb b`x I `w¶Y w`K w`‡q
myigv b`x cÖevwnZ| nvI‡ii ga¨ w`‡q bqvMvI KvUvLvj DËi †_‡K `w¶Y w`‡K
cÖevwnZ n‡q myigv b`x‡Z cwZZ n‡q‡Q| MÖvgevmxiv Rvbvb, Av‡M wcqvBb b`x
w`‡q eo eo RvnvR PjZ| GLb †mB b`x ïwK‡q hvIqvq KvUvLvj w`‡q eo eo
RvnvR cv_i, evwj BZ¨vw` wb‡q QvZK hvq| KvUvLvj w`‡q mviv eQiB RvnvR I
†b․Kv w`‡q gvjvgvj Avbv †bIqv Kiv nq| nvIiwU c~e© cwð‡g j¤^v I DËi
`w¶‡Y PIov| nvI‡ii Pvi cv‡k cÖvq 18wU MÖvg i‡q‡Q| †mLvbKvi †jvKmsL¨vi
†ewkifvMB K…wlRxex| Z‡e GKwU eo Ask cv_i I evwj †Zvjv Ges cv_i
fv½vi †Kvqvix‡Z KvR K‡i|
cv_iPvIjx nvI‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| av‡bi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
n‡jv Ñ •Lqv †ev‡iv, ayj †ev‡iv, weªavb-28, weªavb-29, mv`v Bwi, gqbv †Uwc,
jvj †Uwc, ajv †Uwc, euvkdzj, AvLwb kvBj, MvQgvjv, †MvwP, ivZv, †P․ayix
kvBj, wewP †ev‡iv| nvI‡ii wbPz GjvKvq ïaygvÎ †ev‡iv †g․my‡g avb Pvl Kiv
n‡jI wcqvBb b`xi cwðg cv‡ki DuPz Rwg‡Z Avgb av‡biI Avev` nq| wKQz
GjvKvq ev`vg I mwilvi Avev` nq| ZvQvov MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z evwoi Pvi cv‡k wewfbœ
52
ai‡bi kxZKvjxb kvKmewRi Pvl Kiv n‡q _v‡K| cv_iPvDjx nvI‡i DuPz,
gvSvwi I wbPz GB wZb ai‡bi RwgB i‡q‡Q| MÖvgevmxi g‡Z DuPz Rwgi cwigvY
30%, gvSvwi DuPz Rwg 20% Ges wbPz Rwg 50%| nvI‡ii 5% Rwg R½j
A_©vr webœv Mv‡Q c~Y©|
cÖwZ ermiB `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y GB nvIi GjvKvq dm‡ji Kg †ewk ¶wZ nq|
¯’vbxq K…lK‡ì g‡Z, 2006 mv‡j GB nvI‡ii me avbB K…lK Zzj‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
2005 mv‡j cvwbi Kvi‡Y 12 Avbv dmj †Zvjv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| 2004 mv‡j
cvnvwo X‡j Ges 2003 mv‡j wkjvi Kvi‡Y dm‡ji e¨vcK ÿwZ n‡qwQj|
cvnvo †_‡K cv_i †Zvjvi Kvi‡Y wcqvBb I Ab¨vb¨ b`x‡Z cvnvwo evjy G‡m
Zj‡`‡k fivU n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB cvnvwo Xj †ewk n‡jB †mB cvwb b`xi `ÕyKzj
f‡i nvI‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| 1977-78 mv‡j KvUvLvjx b`xi `yB cv‡k euva †`qvq
eb¨vi cvwb Avmv A‡bKUvB †iva n‡q‡Q|
¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì g‡Z, nvI‡i GLb Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv gvQ cvIqv hvq bv|
nvI‡ii 4wU wej BRviv`vi‡ì Kv‡Q jxR †`qv n‡q‡Q| d‡j GB GjvKvi
grm¨Rxexiv GLb Avi gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv GLb cv_i kªwgK, K…wl kªwgK,
wiKkv Pvjv‡bvmn Ab¨vb¨ †ckvq RwoZ n‡q‡Q| 1948 mvj †_‡KB GB wej¸‡jv
jxR †Ìqv ïiæ nq wKš‘ ZLb we‡j gvQ aiv †h‡Zv| GLb we‡j gvQ ai‡Z †M‡j
BRviv`viiv gviai K‡i Rvj †K‡o wb‡q hvq| eywoWni MÖv‡gi QgK Avjx I
Avãyb byi Rvwb‡q‡Qb, mš¿vmx gvgjvq Rwo‡q GLvbKvi 15-16 Rb grm¨Rxex‡K
†R‡j XywK‡q w`‡q‡Q BRviv`viiv| hviv cÖwZev` Kivi g‡Zv, Zv‡ì bv‡g 50-
60wU mš¿vmx, Puv`vevwR BZ¨vw` gvgjvI w`‡q‡Q BRviv`viiv|24
3. evDifvM
•RšÍvcyi Dc‡Rjvi mì BDwbq‡bi evDifvM nvIi fviZ mxgvšÍeZx© Lvwmqv I
•RšÍv cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k Aew¯’Z| nvIiwUi AvqZb 4100 †n±i|25 GB nvI‡ii
DË‡i kiex b`x, PvZjvi cvi MÖvg, c~e© w`‡K evDifvM I wfwÎ‡Lj MÖvg, `w¶‡Y
mvix b`x, MvwZ MÖvg Ges cwð‡g avBqv mviv MÖvg| GB nvI‡ii Lye Kv‡QB
Rvdjs Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii cÖvq 70% GjvKv wej †hLv‡b Pvlvev` nq bv| G¸‡jv
miKvwifv‡e jxR †`qv nq| ZvQvov cÖvq 20% GjvKv webœv bvgK GKcÖKvi
AvMvQvi Kvi‡Y Pvlvev` Kiv m¤¢e nq bv | †gvU nvIi GjvKvi gvÎ 10 fvM
53
Rwg‡Z dm‡ji Avev` nq e‡j ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi AwfgZ| G Kvi‡Y †mLvbKvi
†ewkifvM †jvKB cv_i I evwj msMÖn K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
GB nvIiwU‡Z avb Pvl Kiv nq Avgb †g․my‡g| †hme Rv‡Zi avb Drcv`b Kiv
nq Zv nj weAvi-11, †NvUK, cvBRvg, gqbv kvBj, bvMÖvkvBj, webœx, weªavb-29,
weªavb-32, jvKx, †MvqviæB, KvjxwRiv BZ¨vw`| GQvov GB nvI‡ii DuPz As‡k
WvUv, gyjv, KjvB, mwilv, gvwUK`y, ZigyR, mxg BZ¨vw` dmj Drcvw`Z nq| GB
nvI‡i †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl nq bv|
webœv MvQ evDifvM nvIievmxi GKgvÎ R¡vjvbx| webœv QvovI cvnvo †_‡K b`xi
†mªv‡Zi mv‡_ A‡bK KvV †f‡m Av‡m| GB KvV‡K Zviv R¡vjvbx wn‡m‡e eënvi
K‡i| GB GjvKvq wUDeI‡qj ¯’vcb Ki‡Z †M‡j wUDeI‡q‡ji cvBc w`‡q M¨vm
†ei nq| 1wU evwo‡Z wM‡q †`Lv hvq cvB‡ci gy‡L cøvw÷‡Ki cvBc Ry‡o w`‡q
Ab¨ gy‡L Pzjvi ms‡hvM w`‡q msmv‡ii ivbœvi KvR Pj‡Q|
GB nvI‡i Av‡M cÖPzi R½j wQj| R½‡j evN, fvjyK, wkqvj BZ¨vw` cÖvYx evm
Ki‡Zv| gvbyl Zvi cÖ‡qvR‡b R½j cwi®‥vi K‡i Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í K…wlKvR ïiæ K‡i|
ZLb e‡b Rviæj, Avg cÖf…wZ MvQ I bjLvMovq fiv wQj| gv‡Qi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v
wQj bv| w`b hZ hv‡”Q ZZB gv‡Qi msL¨v K‡g hv‡”Q| 1948 mvj †_‡K
Rjgnvj jxR †Ìqv ïiæ n‡jI ZLb gvQ aivq Amyweav wQj bv| †R‡j m¤cÖ`vq
ZLb nvIi †_‡K gvQ ai‡Z cvi‡Zv| wKš‘ 1990 mv‡ji ci †_‡K †R‡jiv Avi
nvI‡i bvg‡Z cv‡i bv| †Mvc‡b gvQ ai‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mgq BRviv`vi‡ì nv‡Z
wbh©vwZZ n‡Z nq| d‡j A‡bK grm¨Rxex cvk¦©eZ©x †`k fvi‡Z wM‡q emevm
Ki‡Q| evwK hviv GLbI Av‡Q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AwaKvskB gvb‡eZi Rxebhvcb
Ki‡Q| †R‡j n‡qI Zviv gvQ ai‡Z cvi‡Q bv| el©vKv‡j Iiv wewfbœ iKg
cÖwZeÜKZv †gvKv‡ejv K‡iI wKQy mgq gvQ a‡i, evwK mgq cv_i kªwgK wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i|
evDifvM nvIiwU fviZ mxgvšÍ Lvwmqv I •RšÍv cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k Aew¯’Z
nIqvq cvnv‡oi mv‡_ GB nvI‡ii m¤úK© LyeB Nwbô| cvnv‡o e„wó n‡j †mB
e„wói cvwb P‡j Av‡m GB nvI‡i| e„wói ci GB nvI‡i cvwb Avm‡Z mgq jv‡M
54
gvÎ `yB N›Uv| nvIiwU fi‡Z mgq †bq 1 w`b, Avi cvwb bvg‡Z mgq jv‡M 6-7
w`b| cvnv‡oi Xvj †e‡q †b‡g Avmv †mªv‡Z †f‡m Av‡m cÖPzi cwigvY cv_i, evwj
I KvV Ñ hv GB GjvKvi RbM‡Yi †eu‡P _vKvi ev A_©bxwZi cÖavb PvwjKv kw³|
GB cv_i I evwj AvMg‡Yi Kvi‡Y GLv‡b e„wói mv‡_ mv‡_ GKwU Kg©gyLi
cwi‡e‡ki m„wó nq|
M. nweMÄ †Rjv
AvUwU Dc‡Rjv wb‡q MwVZ nweMÄ †Rjvi AvqZb 2636.59 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi
Ges RbmsL¨v 21,71,064 Rb| Zb¥‡a¨ 6wU Dc‡Rjv nvIi mg„× hvi †gvU
AvqZb 1846.81 eM© wK. wg. Ges RbmsL¨v 14,67,873 Rb|26 Gi DË‡i
mybvgMÄ †Rjv, `w¶‡Y fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv ivR¨ I eªvþYevwoqv †Rjv, c~‡e©
†g․jfxevRvi I wm‡jU †Rjv, cwð‡g eªvþYevwoqv I wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv Aew¯’Z|
Gi cÖavb b`b`x n‡”Q Kvjbx, Kzwkqviv, †LvqvB, †Mvcjv, myZvs, Kiv½x, iZœv,
eivK cÖf„wZ|
nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i Z_¨ g‡Z G †Rjvq nvI‡ii msL¨v 28wU| mswkøó ZvwjKv
we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq 201, 204 I 205 GB wZbwU µwg‡KB Nyw½qvRyix
nvI‡ii D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| 203 µwg‡K Ô†Mvcjv b`xi Zx‡i euvaÕ bv‡g GKwU
nvI‡ii D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q hv gyjZ nvIi bv n‡q †Kv‡bv cÖKí n‡Z cv‡i|
myZivs 201 †_‡K 205 ch©šÍ µwg‡Ki AwZwi³ 3wU nvIi ev` w`‡j nweM‡Äi
nvI‡ii msL¨v `vovq 25wU‡Z| hvi †gvU cwigvY 39,132 †n±i| Z‡e D‡jøL
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, G †Rjvi eûj cwiwPZ †Nvj‡Wvevi nvIi, nweecyi nvIi I
Av¸qvi nvI‡ii bvg nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq D‡jøL Kiv nqwb| G †Rjvq
20 GK‡ii D‡aŸ©i 155wU Rjgnvj i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ nweMÄ m`‡i 13wU, bexM‡Ä
38wU, evwbqvP‡½ 65wU, AvRwgwiM‡Ä 15wU, jvLvB 18wU, evûe‡j 3wU Ges
PzbviæNv‡U 3wU we`¨gvb|
55
Gwkqvi e„nËg MÖvg evwbqvPs G †Rjvq Aew¯’Z| weªwUk kvmbvg‡j 1934 mv‡j
evwbqvPs Dc‡Rjvi bv¸ov‡Z GKwU Mfxi cvwbi avb M‡elYv †K›`ª ¯’vcb Kiv
n‡qwQj Ñ hv MvRxcy‡ii evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui eû c~‡e© ¯’vwcZ|
G †Rjvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nvIi¸‡jv n‡”Q :
1. gKvi nvIi 2. weivU nvIi 3. ¸w½qvRyix nvIi 4. †NvjWyevi nvIi 5.
KvMvcvkv nvIi 6. nweecyi nvIi 7. gvKvjKvw›` nvIi 8. Av¸qvi nvIi
cÖf„wZ| wb‡gœ K‡qKwU nvI‡ii weeiY Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:
1. gKvi nvIi
gKvi nvIi bexMÄ Dc‡Rjvq Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii GKwU mvgvb¨ Ask evwbqvPs
Dc‡Rjvq c‡o‡Q| Gi AvqZb 1,619 †n±i| GB nvI‡ii ga¨Lvb w`‡q DËi-
c~e© w`K †_‡K nvIqv b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q `w¶Y-c~e© w`‡K †ei n‡q †M‡Q| GB
nvIqv b`xi gva¨‡gB GB nvI‡i cvwbi mieivn nq| GB b`xwU Kzwkqviv †_‡K
DrcwË n‡q BbvZMÄ n‡q GB nvI‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| b`xi gva¨‡g Avmv AKvj
eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K nvI‡ii dmj i¶vi Rb¨ 2004 mv‡j cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i
Aax‡b nvIqv b`xi DËi cv‡o †ewo euva Ges euv‡ai gv‡S 3wU ¯’v‡b wZbwU møy-
yBm †MBU •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi gva¨‡g nvI‡ii cvwb wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| wKš‘
nvIqv b`xi `w¶Y cv‡o †Kv‡bv cÖKvi euva •Zwi bv Kivq cÖwZ eQiB AvMvg eb¨v
I cvnvwo X‡j nvI‡ii dmj bó nq| G‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq `w¶Y cv‡oi K„l‡Kiv|
GB nvI‡ii ga¨Lv‡b Aew¯’Z MÖvg gKv| MÖvgwU evwbqvPs Dc‡Rjvi 6bs
KvMvcvkv BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| MÖvgwU‡K cvwbi ga¨ †f‡m _vKv GKwU Øx‡ci
g‡ZvB g‡b nq| MÖv‡g †gvU cwievi 200 wU| MªvgwUi •`N¨© gvÎ 500 nvZ Ges
cÖ¯’ 50 nvZ| Mªv‡gi mevB K…wlKvR K‡i| hviv f~wgnxb Zviv eM©v Pvl K‡i ev
gRyi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| MÖvgevmxi g‡Z, GLv‡b eo K…lK 10wU cwievi (Rwg
5-10 nvj), gvSvwi K…lK ev ¶z`ª K…lK 140 Rb (Rwg 1 †Kqvi †_‡K 12
†Kqvi) Ges f~wgnxb eM©v Pvlx 50wU cwievi| GjvKvi †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v LyeB
Lvivc| el©vKv‡j cvwbi Kvi‡Y GB GjvKvwU eb¨vi mgq ¯’jfvM †_‡K wew”Qbœ
_v‡K| †b․KvB Zv‡ì GKgvÎ fimv| †KD hw` gvivZ¥K Amy¯’ _v‡K Zvi Rb¨
wVK mg‡q wPwKrmv †`qv KwVb| Avdvj ev †XD ïiæ n‡j ZLb Avi †ei nIqv
56
hvq bv| eb¨vi mgq AwaKvsk w`bB eo eo †XD m„wó nq hv MÖv‡g G‡m AvNvZ
K‡i| fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y cÖwZ eQiB MÖvgwUi AvKvi †QvU n‡”Q| el©vKv‡j †KD
g„ZzëiY Ki‡j `vn Kiv ev Kei †`qvi g‡Zv RvqMv bv _vKvq Zv‡ì cvwb‡Z
fvwm‡q w`‡Z nq|
gKvi nvI‡i †Kv‡bv ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi avb Pvl nq bv ej‡jB P‡j| eZ©gv‡b weªavb-
29, weAvi-18, weAvi-19 Ges nvBweªW wniv av‡bi Pvl Kiv n‡”Q| ¯’vbxq
K…lK‡ì gZ n‡”Q, we‡`kx av‡bi Drcv`b †ewk nIqvq mevB we‡`kx avb
Drcv`‡bi w`‡K Suz‡K c‡o‡Q| †ewk wbPz Rwg‡Z wKQy †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl nq| D³
nvI‡i avb Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv dmj Pvl Kiv nq bv| nvI‡ii Rwg LyeB De©i|
m¤cÖwZ GB nvI‡i AwaK dj‡bi Rb¨ wKQy wKQy nvBweªW wniv av‡bi Pvl Kiv
n‡”Q| G nvI‡ii cÖavb mgm¨v cvnvwo eb¨vi cvwb I wkjv e„wó| eb¨vi cvwb
•ekv‡Li cÖ_‡g G‡j nvI‡ii mg¯Í avbB Wy‡e hvq|
gKvi nvI‡ii wej I b`x jxR †`qv nq| hvi Kvi‡Y grm¨Rxexiv gvQ aivi Rb¨
nvI‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv| GB nvIi GjvKvi cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk †jvK gvQ a‡i
RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| el©vKv‡j gvQ aivi m~‡hvM †c‡jI ï®‥ †g․my‡g Zviv gvQ
aivi m~‡hvM cvq bv| d‡j G mg‡q Zviv K…wl KvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
†KD †KD Pzwi K‡i gvQ aivi †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ G‡Z aiv c‡o wbM„nxZ nIqv
QvovI Rvj Ges †b․Kv nvivevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
¯’vbxq K…lK‡ì g‡Z, 20 eQi Av‡M †_‡K GB nvI‡i †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl eÜ n‡q
†M‡Q| ZLb nvI‡i cï kvBj, fyÆv, evjvg, †ev‡iv, jvLvB ivZv, †Uwc BZ¨vw`
av‡bi Pvl Kiv nZ| †`kx av‡bi Pvl Ki‡j avb cvKvi mgq gvwU‡Z MvQ c‡o
hvq| hvi Kvi‡Y av‡bi djb Kg, KvU‡Z mgm¨v nq Ges avb Bùy‡i †K‡U wb‡q
hvq| GB avb KvU‡ZI A‡bK UvKv LiP nq| GBme Kvi‡Y K…l‡Kiv GLb Avi
†`kx av‡bi Pvl Lye GKUv K‡i bv| †ewk wbPz Rwg‡Z cvwbi nvZ †_‡K dmj
i¶vi Rb¨ mvgvb¨ cwigvY †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| gKvi nvI‡i avb Qvov
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv dm‡ji Pvl nq bv|
gKvi nvI‡ii gvwU Lye De©i| cÖwZ eQiB GLv‡b eb¨v cÖPzi cwjgvwU c‡o|
GLvbKvi Rwg Pvl Kivi Rb¨ Miæ-jv½j I cvIqvi wUªjvi eënvi Kiv nq| avb
KvUvi ci †b․Kv K‡i avb evwo‡Z Avb‡Z nq| avb KvUvi Rb¨ cvebv,
57
gqgbwmsn, Kzwgjøv †_‡K †jvK Av‡m| eZ©gv‡b GB GjvKvi Mwie †kÖwYi
†jv‡Kiv wb‡RivB avb Kv‡Ub| avb jvMv‡bvi mgq ¯’vbxq †jvK QvovI
†g․jfxevRvi †_‡K †jvK G‡m UvKvi wewbg‡q avb †Mvcb K‡i|
gKvi nvI‡ii cÖavb mgm¨v cvnvwo eb¨vi cvwb I wkjv e„wó| eb¨vi cvwb
•ekv‡Li cÖ_‡gB G‡j nvI‡ii mg¯Í avbB Wy‡e hvq| A‡bK eQiB wkjve„wói
Kvi‡Y dmj bó nq|
gKvi nvI‡ii wej I b`x jxR †Ìqv i‡q‡Q| hvi KviY grm¨Rxex m¤cÖ`vq
gvQ ai‡Z nvI‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv| GB nvI‡ii cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk †jvK gvQ a‡i
RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| el©vKv‡j Zv‡ì gvQ ai‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nq bv| wKš‘ ï®‥
†g․my‡g Zviv gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Zviv IB mgq A‡b‡KB K…wlKvR K‡i
RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| †KD †KD Pzwi K‡i nvIi †_‡K gvQ a‡i| GBfv‡e gvQ
ai‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡K wbM„nxZ n‡q‡Q Ñ Rvj I †b․Kv nvwi‡q‡Q|27
2. weivU nvIi
weivU nvIi AvRwgixMÄ Dc‡Rjvi `w¶‡Y Aew¯’Z| Gi AvqZb 1,053 †n±i|
nvIiwU A‡bK¸‡jv wej I †QvU nvI‡ii mg¤^‡q MwVZ| GB nvI‡ii g‡a¨ †h
mKj wej ev nvIi i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg †k‡Li Pi, †Kvbvi eb, KvwjbRyiv,
¸Bqv, †bvqveb, we‡jevwo, jvgv BZ¨vw`| el©vKv‡j †b․Kv Ges ï®‥ †g․my‡g cv‡q
†n‡U nvI‡ii MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z nq| nvI‡ii `w¶Y w`‡K wkecvkv,
KvUvLvjx; cwðg w`‡K Mi`vB, KvKvBj‡QI; DË‡i weivU I †Kv`vwjqv MÖvg Ges
c~e© w`‡K RjmyLv MÖvg I evRvi Aew¯’Z| nvIiwU c~e© cwð‡g j¤^v I DËi `w¶‡Y
PIov| †Kv`vwjqv b`x I KvUvMvO nvIiwUi Pvi w`K wN‡i †i‡L‡Q|
weivU nvI‡ii GKgvÎ dmj avb| GLv‡b Avgb Ges †ev‡iv GB `yB †g․my‡g avb
Pvl Kiv nq| nvI‡i Avgb †g․my‡g ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi avb Avev` Kiv nq| Z‡e
†ev‡iv †g․my‡g Avev`K…Z RvZ¸‡jv meB D”P djbkxj ev nvBweªW Rv‡Zi|
Avgb †g․my‡gi cÖavb RvZ¸‡jv n‡”Q jvKx, `ya jvKx, M`v jvKx, KvwZ©qv †fvM
BZ¨vw`| †ev‡iv †g․my‡g Pvl Kiv nq weAvi-3, weAvi-16, weAvi-19, weAvi-
26, weªavb-29 Ges nvBweªW wniv avb| ¯’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvq Rvbv hvq,
20-25 eQi Av‡M †ev‡iv †g․my‡g GB nvI‡i †MvwP, ivZv, kvBj av‡bi Pvl Kiv
58
n‡Zv| †`k ¯^vax‡bi AvM †_‡KB GLv‡b Ddkx av‡bi Pvl Kiv n‡”Q| nvI‡ii
me Rwg‡Z av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| Avgb †g․my‡g Pv‡li mgq †Kv‡bv †mP w`‡Z nq
bv| DËi w`‡Ki †Kv`vwjqv b`xi cvwb w`‡qB nvI‡i K…wl KvR Kiv nq| 50wUi
g‡Zv cvIqvi cv¤ú w`‡q b`x †_‡K cvwb †Zvjv nq|
avb Avi gvQ nvI‡ii cÖavb m¤ú`| GB `yB m¤ú‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K
nvIi GjvKvi gvbyl| weivU nvI‡ii wej I †Kv`vwjqv b`x jxR †`qvi d‡j hviv
grm¨Rxex Zv‡ì c‡¶ nvI‡i I b`x‡Z gvQ aiv m¤¢e nq bv| Zviv ïay el©vKv‡j
gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i| †h Kvi‡Y grm¨Rxexiv Qq gvm gvQ a‡i, evwK Qq gvm gvwU
KvUvi KvR, K…wl kªwgK wKsev Ab¨vb¨ KvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|28
3. ¸w½qvRyix nvIi
evûej Dc‡Rjvi mœvbNvU, cywURyix, mvZKvcb, evûej, gxicyi I jvgvZvwk;
bexMÄ Dc‡Rjvi cvwbDg`v I Kvwjqvifv½v; nweMÄ mì Dc‡Rjvi j¯‥icyi,
•cj I †ZNwiqv Ges evwbqvP½ Dc‡Rjvi cyKov I LvMvDov GB 13wU BDwbqb
wb‡q ¸w½qvRyix nvIi we¯Í…Z| Gi DË‡i exRbv b`x, `w¶‡Y Kiv½x b`x, c~‡e©
mœvbNvU, †gvZvnvicyi-LvMvDov iv¯Ív Ges cwð‡g Kiv½x I exRbv b`x| DËi-
`w¶‡Y cÖvq 6 gvBj Ges c~e©-cwð‡g cÖvq 7 gvBj Z_v 42 eM©gvBj GjvKv wb‡q
¸w½qvRyix nvI‡ii we¯Í…wZ|29
Ab¨ eY©bvg‡Z ¸w½qvRyix nvI‡ii Rwgi cwigvY 1,919 †n±i| nvI‡ii Dci
w`‡q Kiv½x b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| GB b`x‡Z eQ‡ii cÖvq 9-10 gvm cvwbi cÖevn
_v‡K| nvI‡ii cvwb GB b`xi gva¨‡g Av‡m| GB b`xwU PzbviæNvU n‡q evûe‡ji
ga¨ w`‡q nvI‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i evwjLvj b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| GB nvI‡ii
DËi w`‡K AvÇv ivgbMi; `w¶‡Y •cj I GivBj; c~e© w`‡K kvivjcyi I
gneŸZcyi Ges cwð‡g †Mvwe›`cyi I †LvqvB b`x Aew¯’Z|30 cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i
ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK nweMÄ mì(µwgK-204), bexMÄ(µwgK-201) I
evûej(µwgK-205) Dc‡Rjvq we¯Í…Z GB nvIiwUi AvqZb 5,020 †n±i|
¸w½qvRyix nvIi K…wl mg„×| Z‡e eQ‡ii g‡a¨ •Rô¨ (Ryb) †_‡K ga¨ KvwZ©K
(A‡±vei) gvm ch©šÍ nvIiwU 3 †_‡K 10 dzU ch©šÍ cvwbi wb‡P Wy‡e _v‡K|
KvwZ©K gv‡m nvI‡ii A‡bKUvB ïwK‡q hvq| †m mgq †_‡K nvI‡ii K…lKiv
59
Zv‡ì †ev‡iv Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` ïiæ K‡i| G dmj I‡V •ekvL gv‡m| eQ‡ii
K‡qK gvm cvwb‡Z Wy‡e _vK‡jI ïK‡bv †g․my‡g †m‡Pi mg‡q nvI‡ii cvwbi
cÖavb Drm Lvj-wej ïwK‡q hvq| nvI‡ii Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kiv½x I exRbv
b`xi (¯’vb‡f‡` ¸w½qvRyix b`x) g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †m‡Pi cvwb cvIqv hvq bv|
exRbv b`x‡Z cvwbi cÖevn _vK‡jI `~ieZ©x AÂ‡j †m‡Pi cvwb †bqv Am¤¢e n‡q
c‡o| A‡bK mgq cvwbi mgm¨v Zxeª AvKvi aviY Ki‡j K…lKiv cvwbi fvM
wb‡Z cÖvqk `v½v-nv½vgvq Rwo‡q c‡o|
GB nvI‡ii me Rwg‡Z av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| b`x †_‡K cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ nvI‡i
cvwb wb‡q nvI‡ii K…wl Drcv`b evov‡bvi Rb¨ †LvqvB b`x‡Z cvwb Dbœqb †evW©
QqwU †Wªb •Zwi K‡i | GB nvI‡i Avgb I †ev‡iv GB `ywU †g․my‡g av‡bi Pvl
Kiv nq| †ev‡iv †g․my‡gi RvZ¸‡jvi me¸‡jvB D”Pdjbkxj Ges nvBweªW
Rv‡Zi| Ddkx Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ weªavb-28, weªavb-29, wecøe, Pvqbv Ges jvKx †ewk
Pvl Kiv nq| nvBweªW Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ wniv Ges RvMiY-68 eZ©gv‡b Pvl Kiv
n‡”Q| Avgb †g․my‡gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ dzjcyix Ges jvKx †ewk Pvl Kiv
nq| Z‡e AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Avgb dmj K…lK N‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv| †XD‡qi
Kvi‡Y avb bó n‡q hvq| nvI‡ii wKQy GjvKvq •PÎ-•ekvL gv‡m AvUgvmx Avgb
avb ecb K‡i| G avb el©vi cvwb evovi mv‡_ A‡bKUv cvjøv w`‡q evo‡Z _v‡K|
Z‡e AvKw¯§K eb¨v †`Lv w`‡j G avbI ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq| eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K i¶v
†c‡j AMÖnvqb gv‡m Zv K…l‡Ki N‡i D‡V| G av‡bi djb LyeB Kg n‡jI wKQy
Rwg‡Z K…lKiv wbiæcvq n‡q Pvl K‡i _v‡K|
De©i Ges h‡_ó cwigvY Rwgi AwaKvix nIqv m‡Ë¡I GB nvIi GjvKvi
Awaevmx‡ì RxebhvÎvi gvb AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB LyeB wbgœgv‡bi| cÖvqk eb¨vq
¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvq cÖavbZ †ev‡iv dm‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj nvIi GjvKvi Awaevmxiv
LyeB AwbwðZ Rxeb hvc‡b Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡o‡Q| Afve Zv‡ì wbZ¨ mv_x| Miæ-
evQyimn A¯’vei Ab¨vb¨ wRwblcÎ wewµ K‡iI hLb A‡bœi ms¯’vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡q
D‡V bv, ZLb eva¨ n‡q RvqMvRwg wewµ Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e me©kvšÍ n‡”Q
nvIiKz‡ji gvbyl| Afv‡ei Zvobvq Zv‡ì A‡b‡K †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì ¯‥z‡j cvVv‡bv
eÜ K‡i A‡bï evwo‡Z Kv‡R cvVv‡Z eva¨ nq|
nvIi GjvKvi Dbœq‡bi R‡b¨ 1997 mv‡j Ô¸w½qvRyix nvIi eûgyLx Dbœqb cÖKíÕ
bv‡g GKwU cÖKí cÖ¯vÍ e Kiv n‡qwQj| cÖvq 42 eM©gvBj GjvKvq †eoxevamn
60
cÖ‡qvRbxq AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi gva¨‡g GB cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j 25 nvRvi GKi
GK dmjx Rwg wZb dmjx Rwg‡Z cwiYZ nIqvmn evwl©K me©wbgœ 65 †KvwU
UvKv Avq m¤¢e e‡j cÖKí cÖ¯vÍ eKvixMY g‡b K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡Z, G cÖK‡í cÖvq
15 nvRvi gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’vb n‡e| cÖKíwUi h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡ _vKv m‡Z¡I cÖkvmwbK
RwUjZvq Gi ev¯Íevqb wejw¤^Z n‡”Q| mswkøó m‡PZb gnj G cÖK‡íi `ªæZ
ev¯Íevqb Kvgbv Ki‡Q|
4. bjvBi nvIi
bjvBi nvIi evwbqvPs Dc‡Rjvi DËi-c~e©, DËi-cwðg, c~e©-`wÿY, c~e©-cwðg
BDwbqb Ges AvRwgwiMÄ Dc‡Rjvi RjmyLv I KvMvcvkv BDwbq‡bi
Askwe‡kl wb‡q we¯Í…Z| 2,024 †n±i AvqZ‡bi GB nvI‡i †QvU eo 40wUi
g‡Zv wej i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ ev¸qv, Kvgviƒc, Rviæqv, Kv½jRywi, WvKbx, KivwZ,
†mvbvZjv, †kIjv, msKi, cvUv, Wzciv Pi I †KcwU wej D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GB
nvIivÂ‡ji cÖvq A‡a©K †jvK †mLv‡b gvQ a‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| wKš‘ wj‡Ri
Kvi‡Y grm¨Rxex m¤úª`vq †mLv‡b gvQ ai‡Z †h‡Z cv‡i bv| Avov‡j AveWv‡j
†KD gvQ ai‡Z †M‡j Zviv bvbvfv‡e wbMÖ‡ni wkKvi n‡q _v‡K| d‡j
grm¨Rxex‡ì weivU Ask GLb K…wli mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q|
GB nvI‡ii K…lKiv Zv‡ì Rwg‡Z dmj djv‡Z bvbv iKg mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb
n‡”Q| eb¨vi cvwb‡Z cÖwZ ermi nvI‡ii dmjnvbx N‡U| nvI‡ii gvSLv‡b
Kzwkqviv b`xi Aew¯’wZ n‡jI Gi wb®‥vkb eë¯’v LyeB `ye©j| Kzwkqviv b`x cwj
fiv‡Ui Kvi‡Y nvI‡ii cvwb miv‡Z cvi‡Q bv| GKw`‡K wb®‥vkb myweav bv
_vKvq nvI‡ii cvwb miv‡bv hv‡”Q bv, Ab¨w`‡K AvMvg eb¨vmn bvbv iKg
cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡M e¨vcK dmj nvwb N‡U _v‡K| K…l‡Ki GB `yie¯’v wbim‡b
Kzwkqviv b`x Lb‡bi welqwU ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i we‡ePbv Kiv ìKvi|
N. †g․jfxevRvi †Rjv
†g․jfxevRvi †Rjvi AvqZb 2,799.38 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v
19,94,250 Rb| Zb¥‡a¨ nvIi AaÿwlZ Dc‡Rjvi msL¨v 3wU hvi AvqZb
1334.62 eM© wK. wg. Ges RbmsL¨v 9,10,886 Rb|31 G †Rjvi DË‡i wm‡jU
61
†Rjv, `w¶‡Y fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv ivR¨, c~‡e© fvi‡Zi Avmvg I wÎcyiv ivR¨ Ges
cwð‡g nweMÄ †Rjv Aew¯’Z| 7wU Dc‡Rjv wb‡q MwVZ GB †Rjvq evsjv‡`‡ki
me©e„nr nvIi (nvKvjywK) Aew¯’Z| Gi cÖavb b`x n‡”Q gby, ajvB, Rywo BZ¨vw`|
†Rjvi K…wl Rwgi gvwjK‡ì GKwU eo Ask cÖevmx nIqvq K…wl cÖavbZ eM©v
wbf©i|
G †Rjvi nvI‡ii msL¨v 4wU n‡jI nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq 3wUi D‡jøL
i‡q‡Q| D³ 3wU nvI‡i f~wgi cwigvY 37,414 †n±i| †Rjvq 20 GK‡ii E‡aŸ©
137wU Rjgnvj we`¨gvb| GLvbKvi nvIi¸‡jv n‡”Q: nvBj nvIi, nvKvjywK
nvIi, KvDqvw`wN nvIi I KivBqv nvIi| wb‡gœ KqwU nvI‡ii eY©bv †`qv nj :
1. nvBj nvIi
nvBj nvIi evsjv‡`‡ki AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡evnx Rjvf~wgi GKwU| GB nvIiwU
el©vKv‡j 14,000 †n±i GjvKvq we¯Í…Z n‡q c‡o| Avevi ï®‥ †g․my‡g cvwb
Kg‡j 130wU wej I †ek K‡qKwU Lv‡j LwÐZ n‡q †gvU 4,000 †n±i
Rjvf~wg‡Z cwiYZ nq| cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK GB nvI‡ii
AvqZb 10,122 †n±i| Gi DËi-c~‡e© i‡q‡Q evwjwkiv I ewl©Ryov cvnvo Ges
cwð‡g mvZMuvI cvnvo| cvnvo †_‡K †b‡g Avmv 350wU Qov AZx‡Z GB
nvI‡ii cvwbi cÖavb Drm wQj| eZ©gv‡b 59wU mwµq Qov ev‡` cÖvq me¸‡jv
QovB g‡i †M‡Q| †g․jfxevRvi mì I kªxg½j Dc‡Rjv‡Z GB nvI‡ii we¯Í…wZ|
kªxg½j Dc‡Rjvi wgR©vcyi, Kvjvcyi, kªxg½j, Avkx‡`ªvY I f~bexi BDwbqb Ges
mì Dc‡Rjvi bvwRivev` I wMqvmbMi BDwbqb nvBj nvI‡ii Rjvf~wg GjvKvi
cwimi| nvBj nvIi GjvKvi 60wU MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 1,72,000 Rb Ñ hv‡ì
AvwkfvMB GB nvI‡ii Ici wbf©ikxj| m¤cÖwZ ÔevW© jvBd B›Uvib¨vkbvjÕ
AvšÍRv© wZKfv‡e GB GjvKv‡K Ô¸iæZ¡c~Y© cvwL GjvKvÕ wn‡m‡e ZvwjKvfy³
K‡i‡Q|
nvBj nvI‡ii cÖavb cvwbi Drm msjMœ 600 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv cvnvo I
wUjv f~wg| †mLv‡b i‡q‡Q A‡bK Mªvg, K…wl Rwg, Avbvim evMvb, Pv evMvb,
gv¸iQov M¨vm‡¶Î I jvDqvQov RvZxq D`¨vbmn g‡bvig cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek|
msjMœ ebf~wg wb‡q GB nvIi AÂj evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P cÖvYx‣ewPÎ¨c~Y©
62
GjvKvmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg| nvIiwU 98 cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi Avevmf~wg Ges 160
cÖRvwZi cvwLi wePiY‡¶Î| 1977 mvj †_‡K nvIi msjMœ cvnvo I e‡b Av‡iv
238 cÖRvwZi cvwL †`Lv †M‡Q|32
nvBj nvI‡ii 130wU we‡ji g‡a¨ 62wU wej D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GB we‡ji Av‡kcv‡k
jvjevM, fvovDov, gwZMÄ, DËi DËik~i, RxebMÄ, wgR©vcyi, fybexi, gKicyi
I †e․jvwki MÖvg¸‡jv i‡q‡Q| G AÂ‡ji Awaevmxiv cÖavbZ K…wlRxex I
grm¨Rxex| ¯’vbxq gymwjg grm¨Rxexiv ÔgvBgjÕ Ges wn›`y grm¨Rxexiv Ô•KeZ©Õ
bv‡g cwiwPZ| ¯’vbxq eskMZ grm¨Rxexiv GLb Avi nvBj nvI‡ii gy³ Rjvkq
†_‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i bv|
gv‡Qi •ewPÎ¨ I msL¨v †hgb K‡g‡Q Rjvk‡qi `LjI e`‡j †M‡Q| e`‡j †M‡Q
nvI‡ii cÖwZ‡ekI| eZ©gv‡b •Rô¨ †_‡K Avlvp ch©šÍ `wi`ª grm¨Rxexiv we‡j
gvQ aivi wKQyUv m~‡hvM cvq| fv`ª †_‡K •ekvL ch©šÍ GB `xN© bq gvm wej `Lj
K‡i iv‡L jxR MÖwnZviv| GKevi `yBevi bq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wej cÖvq 3/4 eviI
†mPv nq| ¯’vbxq `wi`ª gvby‡liv †c‡Ui `v‡q †Mvc‡b gvQ aivi †Pôv Ki‡j jxR
MªwnZv KZ©„K wbM„nxZ I jyUcv‡Ui gvgjv †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z nq|
G AÂ‡j BDGmGB‡Wi A_©vq‡b evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Aax‡b ÔmgvR wfwËK
Rjvf~wg m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv cÖKí ÕgvP (Management of Aquatic
Ecosistems through Community Husbandry - MACH) 1998
m‡b ÔevB°v wej Afqvkªg Ges mgvRwfwËK Rjvf~wg m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv cÖKíÕ
Gi Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| cÖKíwU ev¯Íevq‡b grm¨ Awa`ß‡ii mv‡_ K‡qKwU
†emiKvwi †`kx-we‡`kx ms¯’vI KvR Ki‡Q| G cÖKíwU Lvj Lbbmn grm¨ I
cvwLi Afqvkªg wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| GLv‡b wi‡mvm© BDRvm© MÖæc Gi mgš^‡q
87wU ¶z`ªFY `j Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wi‡mvm© g¨v‡bR‡g›U AM©vbvB‡Rkb (AviGgI)
Afqvkª‡gi eë¯’vcbv Ki‡Q| nvBj nvI‡i cÖwZ eQi 6 †m.wg. f~wg fivU n‡q
DuPz n‡q hv‡”Q| f~wg gš¿Yvjq G ch©šÍ AviGgI-†K GB GjvKvq nvBj nvI‡ii
24wU wej n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ eoMvw½bv Lvj, evjv wej, mvb›`v wej
BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q|
Rxe‣ewPÎ I g‡bvgy»Ki cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h© ficyi nvBj nvI‡ii evB°v wej GLb
bvbvwea RjR m¤ú‡ì Ag~j¨ fvÐvi| wkÿv, M‡elYv I wPË we‡bv`‡bi †ÿÎ GB
63
wej GLb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| GLvbKvi Aciƒc cÖvK…wZK
†m․›`h© cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i ch©UK I cÖK…wZ‡cÖgxiv we‡gvwnZ n‡q hvb| m¤úªwZ gvP cÖKí
KZ©„cÿ cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h© Ae‡jvK‡bi Rb¨ GLv‡b 31 dzU D”PZvi wÎZj wewkó
GKwU ch©‡eÿb UvIqvi wbgv©Y K‡i‡Q| GLvb †_‡K evBby‡Kvjv‡ii mvnv‡h¨
Afqvkª‡gi Rxe‣ewPÎ cÖZ¨ÿ Kivi eë¯’v Av‡Q| GB UvIqv‡i Afqvkªg I
nvI‡ii gvbwPÎ, GLvbKvi cvwL I gv‡Qi Qwe Ges bvbvwea Z_¨ msiwÿZ Av‡Q|
evW© jvBd B›Uvib¨vkbvj bv‡gi GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v nvBj nvIi‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
cvwL GjvKv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vbmn mswkøó AvšÍRv© wZK ms¯’vq ZvwjKvfz³
K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ ermi kx‡Zi gvSvgvwS mg‡q Gwkqvb IqvUvi evW©
†mÝvm-Gi AvIZvq GB nvI‡ii cvwL MYbv Kiv nq| hvi Z_¨ RvZxq I
AvšÍRv© wZKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv nq| cÖvß Z_¨g‡Z 98 cÖRvwZi gvQ Ges 160
cÖRvwZi cvwLi wePiY‡ÿÎ GB nvBj nvIi AvR AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e MÖiæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z|33
2. nvKvjywK nvIi
evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr nvI‡ii bvg nvKvjywK nvIi| †g․jfxevRvi I wm‡jU †Rjvi
AšÍM©Z GB nvI‡ii cwð‡g fv‡Uiv cvnvo Ges c~‡e© cv_vwiqv I gvae cvnvo|
5wU Dc‡Rjv I 11wU BDwbqb wb‡q GB nvI‡ii AvqZb 181.15 eM© wK. wg.|
Gi 40% eo‡jLv, 30% KzjvDov, 15% †dÂzMÄ, 10% †MvjvcMÄ Ges 5%
weqvbxevRvi Dc‡Rjvi AšÍM©Z| nvKvjywK nvIi 80wUi †ewk ci¯úihy³ we‡ji
mgvnvi| ïK‡bv †g․my‡g Gme wej c„_K Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf K‡i| 24,292 †n±i
f~wg‡Z GB nvI‡ii we¯Í…wZ| nvKvjywK nvIi A‡bK¸‡jv b`x Øviv cÖfvweZ| Gi
Ab¨Zg n‡”Q Ryix I eo`j b`x| GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ b`x¸‡jv n‡”Q `kAvbv,
ivBZLvjx I avgvB b`x| cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g
1999 mv‡j nvKvjywK nvIi‡K Ôcwi‡ekMZ msKUvcbœ GjvKvÕ †NvlYv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
GB nvI‡ii DrcwË wb‡q GKwU RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q| wm‡jU wWw÷ª± †M‡RwUqv‡i ejv
n‡q‡Q, There is, for instance, an interesting story regarding the
origin of the Hakaluki Haor. In the remote past the place was
a plain land. Some Brahmin inhabitants of that place, laking in
64
a sense of responsibility, allowed a madeservant of a low caste
to arrange flowers around Siva’s lingum whilst she was in an
impure condition. Another Brahmin who saw this became so
shocked at this that he began worshipping Siva separately with
due sincerity and serenity. But when the sins of the
irresponsible Brahmins reached their limit, the virtuous
Brahmin got a heavenly inspiration to leave that place. As
soon as he had left, a sudden earthquake accompanied by
storm shook the place. The land became depressed and
invisible. According to the story that depressed area is the
Hakaluki Haor. Hakaluki Haor is the largest in area and gives
the impression of a big natural lake.34
bvgKiY wb‡qI eû RbkÖæwZ we`¨gvb| Kw_Z Av‡Q, wÎcyivi gnvivRv Agi
gvwb‡Kï †mbvevwnbxi f‡q eo‡jLvi KzwK `jcwZ nv½i wms R‡j c~Y© I K`©gv³
GK we¯ÍxY© GjvKvq ÔjywKÕ †`q (jywK‡q _v‡K)| G †_‡K D³ ¯’v‡bi bvg nq
Ônv½i jywKÕ| Kvjµ‡g Ônv½i jywKÕ †_‡K ÔnvKvjywKÕ k‡ãi DrcwË N‡U| †KD
†KD e‡j _v‡Kb, GK mg‡q eo‡jLv Dc‡Rjvi cwðgvs‡k Ô†ns‡KjÕ bv‡g GKwU
DcRvwZ evm Ki‡Zv| Zv‡ì emevm GjvKvi bvg wQj Ô†ns‡K jywKÕ| cieZ©x‡Z
GB Ô†ns‡K jywKÕB ÔnvKvjywKÕ-†Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| Avevi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, AÎ
GjvKvi KvQvKvwQ evm Ki‡Zv KzwK I bvMv DcRvwZ| Zviv Zv‡ì fvlvq GB
nvI‡ii bvgKiY K‡i ÔnvKvjywKÕ| ÔnvKvjywKÕ gv‡b jyKv‡bv m¤ú`| nvKvjywK
wLª÷xq mßg kZvãxi Zvgªdj‡Kv³ Ônv¼jv †K․wKKvs cyixsÕ Øviv wb‡`©wkZ f~fvM
e‡j A‡b‡Ki AwfgZ| G aviYv mZ¨ n‡j ZLb Dnv Rbc` wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
nIqvi K_v|
†QvU eo cÖvq 235wUiI †ewk wej wb‡q MwVZ nvKvjywK nvI‡ii D‡jøL‡hvM¨
wejmg~n n‡jv: PvZjv wej, †P․wKqv wej, Wyjv wej, wcsjvi‡KvYv wej, dzwU wej,
Zzivj wej, †ZKzwb wej, cvIj wej, Ryqvjv wej, KvBqvi †KvYv wej, evwjRywo
wej, KzKziWywe wej, KvUzqv wej, weivB wej, ivwnqv wej, wPbvDi wej, `yavj wej,
65
gvqvRywi wej, eviRvjv wej, cviRvjv wej, gyQbv wej, jvgiv wej, w`qv wej
BZ¨vw`|
el©vKv‡j nvIi GjvKvq cwjgvwU covq wej¸‡jv µgk †QvU n‡q hv‡”Q| el©vi
cvwb †b‡g hvIqvi ci †mLv‡b wKQz wKQz RvqMvq avb Pvl Kiv nq| dmj KvUvi
ci wej¸‡jv‡Z nvRvi nvRvi Mevw` cï wePiY K‡i| GB wePiYf~wgi Kvi‡Y
eûKvj Av‡M †_‡KB nvIi GjvKvq M‡o I‡V ev_vb c×wZ| eQ‡ii K‡qK gvm
we‡kl K‡i ïK‡bv †g․my‡g nvIi GjvKvq emevmiZ GK †kÖwYi †jvK A‡bï
Miæ-gwn‡li ZË¡veavb K‡i| wewbg‡q cÖvß `ya wewµ K‡i Zviv RxweKv wbe©vn
K‡i| wbw`©ó †gqv` †k‡l Miæ-gwnl gvwj‡Ki Kv‡Q †diZ cvVvq| HwZn¨MZ
fv‡e nvKvjywK AÂj `ya I `wai Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
nvKvjywK nvI‡i cÖPzi cwigvY grm¨ m¤ú` i‡q‡Q| GB nvIi‡K wgVv cvwbi grm¨
fvÐviI ejv nq| nvI‡ii wej¸wj A‡bK cÖRvwZi †`kxq gv‡Qi cÖvK…wZK
Avevm| grm¨ weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z GB nvIi nj gv`vi wdkvix| GLv‡b wewfbœ weij
cÖRvwZi gvQ i‡q‡Q| nvIi GjvKvq cÖavbZ †ckv`vi †R‡j, †g․mywg †R‡j I
†LvivwK †R‡j‡ì emevm i‡q‡Q|
nvKvjywK nvI‡ii wej¸wj‡Z wewfbœ Rv‡Zi weij cÖRvwZi Dw™¢` i‡q‡Q| Z‡e
GK mg‡qi Ab¨Zg AvKl©Yxq Swamp Forest A_©vr Rjgq wbgœf~wgi ebvÂj
GLb Avi †Zgb †bB| 1999 mv‡j cwi‡ek Awa`ßi †h mvZwU c„_K Rjvf~wg‡K
ev¯‘ms¯’vwbK fv‡e msKUvcbœ GjvKv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i Zb¥‡a¨ nvKvjywK
nvIiI AšÍfy³© |
RxeweÁvbx‡ì g‡Z nvKvjywK nvI‡i 150 cÖRvwZi wgVvcvwbi gvQ, 120 cÖRvwZi
RjR Dw™¢`, 20 cÖRvwZi mixm„c wejyß cÖvq| GLv‡b cÖwZ eQi kxZKv‡j cªvq
200 weij cÖRvwZi AwZw_ cvwLi mgvMg N‡U| nvKvjywK nvIi †UKmB Dbœqb,
Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ msi¶Y, B‡KvUwziRg wkí weKv‡ki GK AmvaviY Avavi|
†emiKvwi ms¯’v K¬vB‡gU †iwRwj‡q›U B‡Kvwm‡÷gm GÛ jvBfwjûW (†µj)-Gi
mn‡hvwMZvq evsjv‡`k evW©m K¬v‡ei D‡`¨v‡M 2014 mv‡ji 10 †deªæqvwi
nvKvjywK nvI‡i `yB w`be¨vcx †h RjPi cvwL MYbv AbywôZ nq Zv‡Z GLv‡b 20
cÖRvwZi 23 nvRvi 41wU RjPi cvwL cvIqv †M‡Q| G‡ì g‡a¨ 19 cÖRvwZi
66
nuv‡mi †gvU msL¨v 11 nvRvi 354 wU| Zb¥‡a¨ 3 nvRvi 862wU n‡”Q M¨vWIqvj
(wcqvs nuvm)| G Qvov we‡k¦ wecbœ Qq cÖRvwZi cvwLi †`Lv wg‡j †h¸‡jv Gi
Av‡M GB nvI‡i †`Lv hvqwb| D³ Qq cÖRvwZi cvwLi g‡a¨ 2wU †cB‡ÛW ÷K©
(ivOv gvwbK‡Rvo), 197wU eø¨vK-†n‡WW AvBwem (Kvjvgv_v Kv‡¯ÍPiv), 3wU
†Møvwm AvBwem (Lqiv Kv‡¯ÍPiv), 1wU †eqvim cPvW© (†eqv‡ii f~wZnuvm), 7wU
d¨vj‡K‡UW WvK (dzjywi nuvm) Ges 662wU ¯ú‡UW †iWk¨vsK (`vwM jvj cv)|
wewkó cvwL we‡klÁ Bbvg Avj n‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ GB MYbvq Ask †bb hy³ivR¨
†_‡K AvMZ cvwL we‡klÁ wej †Rvbm, wg. w÷n I cj _gmb mn 15 m`‡mï
GKwU `j| Zviv 3wU MÖæ‡c wef³ n‡q nvKvjywK nvI‡ii gvjvg wej, †cvqvjv
wej, nvIi Lvj wej, evwjRywi wej, Rjøv wej, •K‡qi‡Kvbv wej, Kv‡Uvqv wej,
†Z‡Kvwb wej, evqv-Mv‡Rvqv wej, nvivb-wW½v wej, ebwU wej, Kvjvcvwb wej,
bv‡Mvq-jwievB wej, nvIqv-eb¨v wej, dzUwej, Kvswj wejmn †gvU 43wU we‡j
cvwL MYbv K‡ib| MYbv †k‡l Bbvg Avj nK Rvbvb, ÔGevi g‡b n‡”Q cvwL
Kg| Z‡e Gi KviY ejv hv‡e bv| KviY, MZ `yB eQi (2012 I 2013)
nvKvjywK‡Z cvwL Rwic nqwb| `yB eQi c‡i cvwL MYbv nIqvq msL¨vi
avivevwnKZv †bB| ZvB MZ `yB eQi cvwL Kg bv †ewk G‡mwQj, Zv ejv hv‡e
bv| AvMvgx eQi MYbv Kiv n‡j nq‡Zv cvwL Kg‡Q bv evo‡Q Ñ GKUv aviYv
cvIqv hv‡e|Õ 2011 mv‡ji MYbvi djvdj Abyhvqx ZLb 20wU we‡j 61
cÖRvwZi 64 nvRvi 282wU RjPi cvwL cvIqv wM‡qwQj|35
nvKvjywK nvI‡ii wekvj Rjivwki g~j cÖevn n‡jv Rywi I cvbvB b`x| GB
Rjivwk nvI‡ii DËi-cwð‡g Aew¯’Z Kzwkqviv b`x w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq| el©vKv‡j
nvIi msjMœ GjvKv cøvweZ n‡q wekvj iƒc aviY K‡i| Gmg‡q cvwbi MfxiZv
nq 2.6 wgUvi| ïK‡bv †g․my‡g nvI‡ii wej¸wj cÖvq 4,400 †n±i GjvKvRy‡o
Qov‡bv _v‡K| wKš‘ el©v †g․my‡g cy‡iv GjvKv Wy‡e †M‡j wej¸wj GKwU Awfbœ ü`
ev nvI‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q cÖvq 18000 †n±i RvqMv `Lj K‡i| cÖvq 1 j¶ 90
nvRvi gvbyl nvKvjywK GjvKvq emevm K‡i|
f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi 2010 mv‡ji 7 A‡±vei BmÿK…Z GK c‡Î cwi‡e‡ki fvvimvg¨
iÿv, gvQ msiÿY I gv‡Qi Afqvkªg m„wói Rb¨ nvKvjywK nvI‡ii evBqv wej,
iBwÂ wej, DËi MRyqv I `wÿY MRyqv, Uzjvi wej I cjfv½v giv‡mvbvB
wPKbDwU wej‡K wb‡q GKwU grm¨ Afqvkªg cÖKí MÖn‡Yi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq|
67
G‡Z f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi wbqš¿‡Y wefvMxq Kwgkbv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b Ges ¯’vbxq †Rjv
cÖkvm‡bi eë¯’vcbvq D³ Afqvkªg msiÿ‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 5wU wej wb‡q
MwVZ GB Afqvkª‡gi AvqZb cÖvq GK mnmª GKi| Zb¥‡a¨ evBqv wej 150.45
GKi, iBwÂ wej 224 GKi, DËi MRyqv I `wÿY MRyqv 112.75 GKi, Uzbvi
wej 395.75 GKi Ges cjfv½v giv‡mvbvB wPKbDwU we‡ji AvqZb 65
GKi| GB D‡`¨vM MÖn‡bi ci H mKj wej BRvivi mKj Pzw³ miKvi evwZj
K‡i BRviv`vi‡ì UvKv †dir †`qv nq| wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I H mKj wej †_‡K gvQ
aivi cÖeYZv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| 2011 mv‡ji 16 †g †g․jfxevRvi †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki
mfv K‡ÿ mswkøó Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v, Dc‡Rjv grm¨ Kg©KZ©v Ges nvIi
Dbœq‡b wb‡qvwuRZ GbwRI ms¯’vi cÖwZwbwa‡ì Dcw¯’wZ‡Z AbywôZ mfvq GB
grm¨ Afqvkªg msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ wm×v‡šÍi g‡a¨ mk¯¿ Avbmvi wb‡qv‡Mi
wel‡qI wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq|37
3. KvDqvw`Nx nvIi
ivRbMi Dc‡Rjvi gywÝevRvi, d‡Zncyi, ivRbMi, gbmyi bMi I DËifvM
BDwbqb Ges mì Dc‡Rjvi GKUzbv I AvLvBjcyi BDwbq‡b we¯Í…Z KvDqvw`Nx
nvIi| 22,672 †n±i AvqZ‡bi GB nvI‡i 30wUi g‡Zv cvnvox Qov i‡q‡Q|
GB nvI‡ii c~‡e© fv‡Uiv cvnvo, DËi-cwð‡g Kzwkqviv b`x I `wÿ‡Y gby b`x
Aew¯’Z| Gi Af¨šÍ‡i †QvU eo cÖvq 100wUi g‡Zv wej Av‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ cvUv
wm½v, †gjvNi, evwjwQiv, Kvj KvUzqv, gv‡Si evb, ewai eovj, †bqvgZ,
iƒc‡Kvqv, †KvjvDwi, Kzk¥v, eoBDwi, nvIqv, ¸jvBqv, †Mvqvwj, eyieywi,
KvDqvLvjx, ej`gviv cÖf…wZ wej D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
cvwb Dbœqb †evW© GB nvI‡ii DbœqbK‡í 72 wK‡jvwgUvi euva Ges †QvU eo 3wU
møyBm †MU wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| 1980 mv‡ji c~‡e© GB nvI‡i K…lKiv wVK g‡Zv
Pvlvev` Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj avb| Avgb I †ev‡iv GB `yÕwU
dm‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj †mLvbKvi K…lKK~j| GLv‡b Avgb †g․my‡g Avkvev`vj,
KvwZ©KkvBj, B›`ªkvBj, AvBb¨v cÖf…wZ Rv‡Zi avb Pvl Kiv nq| †ev‡iv †g․my‡g
LBqv, Kvwj, jvLvB, ivZv, †`Dwo, †Ucx, Kb¨vkvBj, weª-28, weª-29, cÖf…wZ avb
Pvl Kiv nq| G †g․my‡g A‡b‡K nvBweªW avbI Pvl K‡i _v‡K| ZvQvov eZ©gv‡b
68
wKQz wKQz Rwg‡Z gwiP, †e¸b, †W½v, ÿxiv, divm, ev`vg BZ¨vw` iwe klÏ Pvl
Kiv nq| nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq GB nvI‡ii D‡jøL †bB|
O. wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv
nvIi I mgZj f~wgi •ewPÎgq f~-cÖK…wZi GKwU we¯ÍxY© Rbc` n‡jv wK‡kviMÄ|
me©‡gvU 13 wU Dc‡Rjv wb‡q wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi †gvU AvqZb 2688.53 eM©
wK.wg. Ges RbmsL¨v 30,28,706|38 Gi DË‡i †bÎ‡KvYv I gqgbwmsn †Rjv,
`w¶Y-cwð‡g biwms`x †Rjv, `w¶Y-c~‡e© eªvþYevwoqv †Rjv, c~‡e© mybvgMÄ I
nweMÄ †Rjv Ges cwð‡g MvRxcyi †Rjv| †Rjvi cªavb b`b`x: cyivZb eªþcyÎ,
†gNbv, Kvjbx, †NvovDZiv, bimy›`v, aby I wcqvBb| GLv‡b 20 GK‡ii D‡aŸ©
178wU Rjgnvj i‡q‡Q|
nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK †Rjvq nvI‡ii msL¨v 121wU Ñ hvi †gvU
AvqZb 1,82,103 †n±i| GB nvIi GjvKvq wKQz msL¨K eo Pvlxi AwaK Rwg
_vKvi Kvi‡Y wb‡Riv mKj Rwg Pvl Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GLv‡b DRvb AÂj †_‡K
wb‡R‡ì †jvKej wb‡q G‡m Pvlxiv eM©v c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` K‡i dmj dwj‡q
wb‡q hvq| nvIi GjvKvq we¯ÍxY© PviYf~wg _vKvq iwe †g․my‡g wKQy Pvlx eëmvwqK
DbœwZ mva‡bi j‡¶¨ †mLv‡b Miæ-QvMj jvjb-cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
G †Rjvi cÖavb cÖavb nvIi n‡jv 1. gvg`v nvIi 2. †Rvqvbkvnx nvIi 3.
weiæwjqv nvIi 4. ûgvBcyi nvIi 5. †mvgvB nvIi 6. evwoi nvIi 7. Zjøvi
nvIi 8. myigv evDjv nvIi 9. gvngy`cyi nvIi 10. eo nvIi cÖf„wZ| wb‡gœ
K‡qKwU nvI‡ii weeiY †`qv n‡jv:
1. gvg`v nvIi
gvg`v nvIi AóMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi cwðg I DËi w`‡K Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii `w¶‡Y
a‡jk¦ix b`x QvovI Kv¯Íj, evnv`yicyi, ev`kvjv BZ¨vw` MÖvgmg~n i‡q‡Q|
nvIiwUi AvK…wZ cÖvq †MvjvKvi| a‡jk¦ix b`xi gva¨‡g GB nvI‡i cvwb cÖ‡ek
Ges wbM©Z nq| cÖwZ eQiB cÖPzi cwigvY cwjgvwU G‡m nvI‡i Rgv nIqvq
nvI‡ii gvwUi De©iZv e„w× cvq| G‡Z †mLv‡b cÖPzi dmj Drcvw`Z nq| nvIi
69
GjvKvi kZKiv 60 fvM †jvKB kxZKv‡j K…wlKvR K‡i I eb¨vi mg‡q gvQ
a‡i| GjvKvi 10% †jvK av‡bi eëmv, gv‡Qi eëmv I Ab¨vb¨ eëmvi mv‡_
RwoZ| el©vi mgq nvIi GjvKvi MÖvg¸‡jv †_‡K A‡b‡KB Kv‡Ri †Luv‡R †`‡ki
wewfbœ GjvKvq P‡j hvq Ges K„wl KvR ïiæ n‡j wd‡i Av‡m|
gvg`v nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj avb| AZx‡Z †mLv‡b †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl n‡Zv|
eZ©gv‡b weªavb-28 I 29 Gi Pvl Kiv nq| K‡qK ermi hver GLv‡b nvBweªW
av‡bi PvlI ïiæ n‡q‡Q| GLbI mvgvb¨ cwigvY Rwg‡Z †`kx †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl
nq| b`xi KvQvKvwQ GjvKvq wKQy Rwg‡Z ev`vg I wgwó Avjyi Pvl nq|
A_©bxwZ avb wbf©i nIqvi Kvi‡Y avb GKevi bó n‡j nvI‡ii Awaevmx‡ì
weKí †Kv‡bv eë¯’v _v‡K bv| cÖwZ eQiB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv cÖvK„wZK `y‡h©v‡M
dm‡ji ¶wZ nq| dmj bó n‡j GLvbKvi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi †ewkifvMB gvwU
†K‡U, gvQ a‡i, K…wl gRyix K‡i, GjvKvi evB‡i wiKmv Pvwj‡q RxweKv wbe©vn
Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| abx ev m”Qj cwievi¸‡jv Rwg, Miæ, gwnl ev Ni wewµ K‡i
Zv‡ì msmvi Pvjvq | A‡b‡K ï®‥ †g․my‡g †U¤úy Pvwj‡q RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
wKQz †jvK el©vKv‡j Uªjvi I †b․Kvq hvÎx cwienb K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
gvg`v nvI‡i K„wlKv‡Ri GKwU eo mgm¨v n‡jv, b`x‡Z cvwbi †mªvZ bv _vKvq
av‡bi Rwg‡Z wVK g‡Zv cvwb mieivn Kiv hvq bv| dvêyb gv‡m wej I Lvj
ïwK‡q hvq| d‡j dvêyb •PÎ gv‡m av‡bi Lye ¶wZ nq| Mv‡iv cvnvo †_‡K
a‡jk¦ix b`x‡Z cvwb Av‡m| Av‡M cvnv‡o cÖPzi MvQcvjv wQj weavq evwj I cwj
Kg Avm‡Zv| GLb cvnv‡o MvQ cvjv K‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y cvnvo †_‡K cvwbi
mv‡_ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y evwj I cwj gvwU G‡m b`x, Lvj I nvI‡i Rgv nq| hvi
Kvi‡Y b`xi MfxiZv GLb †Zgb GKUv †bB| kxZKv‡j Lye mvgvb¨B cvwb
_v‡K| cvwbi cÖevn evov‡bvi Rb¨ b`x, Lvj, wej, Lbb I Rjvavi wbg©vY Kiv
Riæix e‡j ¯’vbxq GjvKvevmxiv g‡b Ki‡Qb|
2. †Rvqvbkvnx nvIi
†Rvqvbkvnx nvIi wgVvgBb Dc‡Rjvi `w¶Y w`‡K Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii DËi I
cwðg cv‡k¦© †NvovDZiv b`x Ges c~e© cvk w`‡q Kzwkqviv b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q|
nvIiwU DËi-`w¶‡Y j¤^v| GB nvI‡ii AvqZb 1518 †n±i| †NvovDZiv b`xi
70
cvwb w`‡q †Rvqvbkvnx nvI‡i K„wl KvR Kiv nq| nvI‡ii GKgvÎ dmj avb|
†Rvqvbkvnx nvI‡i eZ©gv‡b weªavb-28, 29 Ges nvBweªW wniv I AvdZve av‡bi
Pvl Kiv nq| ¯^vaxbZvc~e© Kv‡j †Rvqvbkvnx nvI‡i †`wk Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv av‡bi
Pvl Kiv n‡Zv| Zvici †_‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í D”P djbkxj av‡bi Pvl ïiæ nq| †h
av‡bi Drcv`b †ewk nq K…l‡Kiv †mB Rv‡Zi avb Pv‡li w`‡K †ewk Szu‡K c‡o|
eZ©gv‡b nvBweªW wniv av‡bi Drcv`b †ewk nIqvq K…l‡Kiv GLb wniv av‡bi cÖwZ
†ewk Szu‡K c‡o‡Q| †Rvqvbkvnx nvI‡i eQ‡i GKevi Z_v †ev‡iv †g․my‡gB †Kej
av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq|
AKvj eb¨v GB nvI‡ii cÖavb `y‡h©vM| avb cvKvi mgq n‡j eb¨vi f‡q K…l‡Ki
iv‡Zi Nyg nvivg n‡q hvq| GQvovI i‡q‡Q So, wkjve„wó, Abve„wó I †m‡Pi
mgq b`x‡Z cvwb bv _vKv| cvwb †mP mnRjf¨ Kivi Rb¨ nvI‡ii Lvj¸‡jv
Lbb Kiv ìKvi Ges AKvj eb¨v †_‡K dmj i¶vi Rb¨ Pvicv‡k euva wbg©vY
Ki‡j K…wl Kv‡Ri A‡bK myweav n‡e e‡j ¯’vbxq‡ì wek¦vm|
3. weiæwjqv nvIi
weiæwjqv nvIi wbKjx Dc‡Rjvi c~e© w`‡K Ges wgVvgBb Dc‡Rjvi cwðg w`‡K
Aew¯’Z| ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, nvIiwU DËi-`w¶‡Y 8 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges c~e©-cwð‡g 7
wK‡jvwgUvi `xN©| nvI‡ii AwaKvsk MÖvgB cwðg w`‡K Aew¯’Z| MÖvg¸‡jvi g‡a¨
†gvni‡Kvbv, Kvjxevox, Kvgvjcyi, `vmcvov Ab¨Zg| wKQz A¯’vqx MÖvgI GB
nvI‡i i‡q‡Q, †hgb †Kkecyi| K…wlKvR Avi¤¢ n‡j †gvni‡Kvbv MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv
†Kkecyi wM‡q A¯’vqx emZ M‡o †Zv‡j| Avevi avb KvUv †kl n‡j MÖv‡g wd‡i
Av‡m| Gfv‡e Zviv Qqgvm †gvni‡Kvbv MÖv‡g I Qqgvm †Kkecyi MÖv‡g evm
K‡i| nvI‡ii gvSLvb w`‡q †NvovDZiv b`x Ges †mvqvRbx b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q|
†NvovDZiv b`xi cvwb †mP wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i GB nvI‡i K…wl KvR Kiv nq|
nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj avb| avb Qvov wgwó Avjy I ev`v‡gi Pvl Kiv nq| kZKiv
90% Rwg‡Z avb, 5% Rwg‡Z Avjy Ges 5% Rwg‡Z ev`v‡gi Pvl Kiv nq| GB
nvI‡i eZ©gv‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvb Rwg‡Z weªavb-28, 29 Ges nv&BweªW wniv I
RvMiY Rv‡Zi av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq|
71
GB nvI‡ii b`x¸‡jv fivU n‡q cvwbi aviY ¶gZv K‡g †M‡Q| ZvB cvnvwo
X‡ji cvwb hLb bimy›`v, †NvovDZiv I weiæwjqv Lv‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i ZLb
GKw`‡bi g‡a¨B mg¯Í gvV Wy‡e hvq| †h ermi eb¨vq dmjnvwb N‡U †m eQi
K…lK‡ì K‡ói †Kv‡bv mxgv _v‡K bv| Zviv gvQ a‡i, †b․Kv Pvwj‡q, wewfbœ
GjvKvq wiKmv Pvwj‡q I Mv‡g©›U‡m KvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| A‡b‡KB
Zv‡ì msmvi Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Miæ I Rwg wewµ K‡i| 2005 I 2006 mvj ev‡`
cÖvq cÖwZ eQiB GB nvIi eb¨v, wkjve„wó BZ¨vw`‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q|
weiæwjqv nvI‡ii wej I b`x¸‡jv jxR †Ìqvq grm¨Rxexiv GLb Avi Av‡Mi
gZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv GLb jxR MÖnYKvix‡ì n‡q gvQ a‡i
wewµ K‡i| A‡b‡K †ckv cwieZ©b K‡i avb Pv‡li mgq gRyi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
el©vKv‡j hviv nvIi †_‡K gvQ a‡i Zviv 100 UvKvi gvQ ai‡j 20 UvKv cvq
evwK UvKv jxR MÖnYKvix‡K w`‡Z nq| GUv bv gvb‡j Zviv nvI‡i gvQ aivi
my‡hvM cvq bv| eva¨ n‡qB grm¨Rxexiv GB wbqg †g‡b gvQ a‡i| nvIi Dbœqb
†ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq weiæwjqv bv‡g †Kv‡bv nvI‡ii D‡jøL †bB|
4. eo nvIi
eo nvI‡ii mxgvbv `w¶‡Y AóMÖvg Dc‡Rjv, DË‡i wgVvgBb Dc‡Rjv, DËi-c~e©
†Kv‡Y BUbv, DËi-cwðg †Kv‡Y KwUqvw`, cwð‡g wbKjx Ges c~‡e© nweMÄ †Rjvi
jvLvB Dc‡Rjv Aew¯’Z| AóMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi 7wU BDwbq‡bi 59wU †g․Rvi
45,310.36 GKi, BUbv Dc‡Rjvi 8wU BDwbq‡bi 84wU †g․Rvi 70,166.73
GKi, wgVvgBb Dc‡Rjvi 5wU BDwbq‡bi 59wU †g․Rvi 28,933.83 GKi Ges
wbKjx Dc‡Rjvi 6wU BDwbq‡bi 46wU †g․Rvi 76,150.63 GKi Rwg wb‡q eo
nvIi we¯Í…Z| GQvov nweMÄ †RjvqI eo nvI‡ii we¯Í…wZ we`¨gvb|39
nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi KwUqv`x, wbKjx, wgVvgBb,
AóMÖvg I KwigMÄ Dc‡Rjvq †gvU 20,251 †n±i wb‡q eo nvI‡ii we¯Í…wZ
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
eo nvIi wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi me©e„nr nvIi| GB nvI‡i 5wU Dc‡Rjvi wewfbœ
†g․Rvi bv‡g cÖvq 100wU nvIi I cÖvq 500wU wej i‡q‡Q| el©vKv‡j GB nvIi
K~jnxb mvM‡ii iƒc aviY K‡i| Kw_Z Av‡Q, myjZvbx Avg‡j GB nvIi Ômvq‡i
72
RjKiÕ ciMYvi AšÍM©Z wQj| GB wekvj ciMYvwUi ivR¯^ Av`v‡q mgm¨v †`Lv
w`‡j mgªvU AvKe‡ii mg‡q ivR¯^ mwPe †UvWigj mswkøó ciMYvwU‡K `yB fvM
K‡i GKwUi bvg LvwjqvRyix I AciwUi bvg †Rvqvbkvnx bvgKiY K‡ib| ZLb
LvwjqvRyix ciMYvi †K›`ª¯j
’ LvwjqvRyix Avi †Rvqvbkvnx ciMYvi †K›`ª¯j
’ wQj
BUbv| †Rvqvbkvnx ciMYvwU wQj g~jZ †Rvqvkvnx nvIi| eZ©gvb KwigMÄ Ges
BUbv Dc‡Rjvi DËi AÂj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i •fie Dc‡Rjvi DËi mxgv ch©šÍ
wQj †Rvqvbkvnx nI‡ii we¯Í…wZ| ZLb GB nvI‡i †Zgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv
Rbc` wQj bv| cieZ©x‡Z nvI‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i A‡bK¸‡jv MÖvg m„wó nIqvq †mB
nvI‡ii AvqZb †QvU n‡q `wÿ‡Y AóMÖvg, DË‡i wgVvgBb, cwð‡g wbKjx I c~‡e©
jvLvB GB mxgvšÍM©Z Rbc`wenxb GKwU nvI‡ii iƒc aviY K‡i|
GB nvIiB eZ©gv‡b eo nvIi wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| AvR †_‡K cÖvq kZvwaK ermi c~‡e©
AóMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi KvmZzj MÖv‡gi DËi-cwð‡g GB nvI‡i evakvjv bv‡g GKwU
MÖv‡gi †MvovcËb nq| wKšÍy †jvKgy‡L G MÖvgwU evakvjvi cwie‡Z© µgvš^‡q
evZjv bv‡g AwaK cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| †h‡nZz GB eo nvI‡i Avi †Kv‡bv MÖvg
ZLb wQj bv ZvB †mB AÂ‡ji †jvKRb GB nvIiwU‡K evZjvi nvIi bv‡gI
†W‡K _v‡K|
eo nvI‡i cÖwZ ermi kxZKv‡j AmsL¨ AwZw_ cvwLi AvMgb N‡U| bvbv cÖRvwZ
cvwLi KjZv‡b gyLwiZ nq nvI‡ii we¯ÍxY© GjvKv| wKš‘ cÖkvm‡bi D`vmxbZv
Ges Rb m‡PZbZvi Afv‡e G mKj AwZw_ cvwL wbwe©Pv‡i wbab nq †mLv‡b|
GjvKvevmx I wkKvwi m~‡Î Rvbv hvq, `yB kZvwaK wkKvwi eo nvI‡i AwZw_ cvwL
wkKvi K‡i| Nb Kyqvkv I cÖPÐ kx‡Zi g‡a¨ wkKvwiiv Rvj †d‡j Ges wewfbœ
ai‡bi duv` †c‡Z cvwL wkKvi K‡i _v‡K| wkKvwiiv cÖwZw`b †fv‡i K‡qK k
AwZw_ cvwL ¯’vbxq evRv‡i wewµ Ki‡Q| RvZ‡f‡` cÖwZwU cvwL 300 †_‡K 500
UvKvq wewµ Kiv nq| kni †_‡K cvBKv‡iivI G‡m cvwL wK‡b wb‡q hvq|
Rvbv hvq, cÖkvm‡bi ÁvZmv‡iB G mKj cvwL wkKvi n‡”Q| Aem¨ AvBbk…•Ljv
i¶vKvix evwnbxi c‡¶ K‡qK k gvBj AvqZ‡bi nvIi cvnviv †ÌqvI m¤¢e
bq| G R‡b¨ Rbm‡PZbZv ìKvi| cvwL wkKvwi Avjvj wgqv I imyj wgqv
Rvbvb, Zuviv cÖvq cuvP eQi a‡i Rvj †d‡j cvwL wkKvi K‡i Avm‡Q| gv‡S g‡a¨
Gme cvwL cÖkvm‡bi KZ©ve¨w³‡ì evmvqI †`q Zviv| G e¨vcv‡i †hvMv‡hvM Kiv
73
n‡j, wgVvgBb _vbvi fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©v bvwmi DwÏb f~uBqv e‡jb, cvwL wkKvi Kiv
AvBbZ `Ðbxq Aciva| mywbw`©ó Awf‡hvM cvIqv †M‡j wkKvwi‡ì weiæ‡×
AvBbvbyM eë¯’v †bIqv n‡e| Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v †gv. mv‡`Kyi ingvb
e‡jb, AwZw_ cvwL wbab e‡Ü mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zyj‡Z n‡e|
P. †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjv
`kwU Dc‡Rjv wb‡q †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjv MwVZ| Gi AvqZb 2743.64 eM© wK.wg.
Ges RbmsL¨v 13,17,189 Rb| nvIi AaÿwlZ 4wU Dc‡Rjvi †gvU AvqZb
1149.14 eM© wK. wg. Ges †jvKmsL¨v 6,91,348 Rb|40 Gi DË‡i †gNvj‡qi
Mv‡iv cvnvo (fviZ), `w¶‡Y wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv, c~‡e© mybvgMÄ †Rjv, cwð‡g
gqgbwmsn †Rjv| Dc‡Rjv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ LvwjqvRyix, g`b, †gvnbMÄ Ges
KjgvKv›`v GB 4wU Dc‡Rjvq i‡q‡Q 79wU nvIi|
G †Rjvi cÖavb nvIi n‡jv : 1. cywUqvi nvIi 2. wW½v‡cvZv nvIi 3. gwnlDov
nvIi 4. M‡bk nvIi 5. wKZ©b‡Kvjv nvIi cÖf„wZ|
wb‡gœ G †Rjvi K‡qKwU nvI‡ii eY©bv †`qv †M‡jv :
1. cywUqvi nvIi
cywUqvi nvIi LvwjqvRyix Dc‡Rjvq Aew¯’Z| nvIiwU DËi `w¶‡Y j¤^v I c~e©
cwð‡g PIov| ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡Z nvIiwU 6 wK.wg j¤^v I 5 wK.wg PIov| cywUqvi
nvI‡ii DËi w`‡K aby b`x, RMbœv_cyi I imyjcyi MÖvg; `w¶Y w`‡K wjcmv MÖvg,
c~e© w`‡K fvMvU, D`qcyi, ejecyi, cywUqvi MÖvg I cwð‡g aby b`x| GB nvI‡ii
AvqZb 9717 †n±i| Gi me cvwb aby b`x †_‡KB Av‡m| mvaviYZ: nvI‡ii
c~e© w`K w`‡qB AvMvg eb¨vi cvwb nvI‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| cywUqvi nvI‡ii cv‡kB
i‡q‡Q wKZ©b‡Lvjv nvIi, nvIi `ywU wKZ©b‡Lvjv b`x Øviv wef³|
cywUqvi nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj avb| avb QvovI Kv›`v GjvKvq Avjy I gwi‡Pi Pvl
Kiv nq| MÖvgevmx‡ì g‡Z, eZ©gv‡b nvI‡ii 70% GjvKvq dm‡ji Pvl Kiv
nq| evwK 30% GjvKv dvKv c‡o _v‡K| GB dvKv GjvKv av‡bi Rvjv •Zix,
K…wl miÄvg Avbv †bqv, hvZvqvZ I PviYf~wg wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv nq| kZKiv
74
65 fvM Rwg‡Z avb Ges 5 fvM Rwg‡Z gwiP I Avjy Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b cywUqvi
nvI‡i weªavb-28, weªavb-29, Rvwgi kvBj, g½j, weAvi-5 av‡bi Pvl Kiv
n‡”Q| djb Kg n‡jI †`kx Rv‡Zi avb AvMvg KvUv hvq weavq wbPz Rwg‡Z
GLb ch©šÍ †`kx Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv avbB Pvl Kiv n‡”Q|
MÖvgevmxi g‡Z, ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K GLb ch©šÍ Zviv gvÎ 9 evi fv‡jvfv‡e
dmj Zzj‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| evwK eQi¸‡jv‡Z dm‡ji wKQz Ask, A‡a©K ev cy‡ivcywi
cvwb‡Z Wy‡e †M‡Q| weMZ 5 eQ‡i gvÎ GKevi K…l‡Kiv †ev‡iv dmj cy‡ivcywi
Zzj‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| AvMvg eb¨vB GB nvI‡ii cÖavb mgm¨v| AvMvg cvwb Avmvi
RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y kªwg‡Ki mv‡_ avb KvUvi Pzw³iI cwieZ©b N‡U| mvaviYZ: GB
GjvKvi K…lKiv 8 fvMv wnmv‡e avb KvUvb| eb¨v KvQvKvwQ G‡j Zv 5 ev wZb
fvMv‡Z †b‡g Av‡m| hLb avb Wy‡e hvIqvi gZ Ae¯’v nq ZLb kªwgK‡K A‡a©K
avb w`‡q w`‡Z nq| dmjnvwb GB GjvKvq AwZ mvaviY NUbv| hvi d‡j
K…lK‡ì‡K wbf©i Ki‡Z nq gv‡Qi Ici| GB nvI‡ii RMbœv_cyi MÖv‡gi 80
fvM †jvK gvQ a‡i wewµ K‡i msmvi Pvjvq| b`x I wej¸‡jv jxR _vKvi Kvi‡Y
kxZKv‡j ev eb¨vi c‡i jxR MÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K A‡_©i wewbg‡q gvQ aivi
AbygwZ wb‡Z nq| el©vKv‡j GLvbKvi nvI‡ii jxR GjvKvi evB‡i gvQ a‡i
A‡b‡KB msmvi Pvjvq|
AvMvg eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K dmj i¶vi Rb¨ 2005 m‡b aby b`xi `yB Zx‡i †gvU
81 wK.wg. euva •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB euv‡ai 6-7 wK.wg. Ask i‡q‡Q cywUqvi
nvI‡i| GB nvIi GjvKvq wewfbœ GbwRIi Kvh©µg i‡q‡Q| cÖwkKv, cwc, Avkv
Ges ¸wUK‡qK ¯’vbxq GbwRI GLv‡b ¶y`ª FY w`‡q _v‡K| K…wl e¨vs‡Ki
LvwjqvRyix kvLv †_‡KI FY cvIqv hvq Z‡e Zv A‡bK RwUj| gnvRbx Kvh©µg
GB nvI‡i †ek kw³kvjx| †ev‡iv †g․my‡g gnvR‡bi KvQ †_‡K 10 nvRvi UvKv
FY wb‡j †g․myg †k‡l 15 nvRvi UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq|
2. wW½v‡cvZv nvIi
wW½v‡cvZv nvI‡ii Ae¯’vb †gvnbMÄ Dc‡Rjvq| nvIiwUi AvqZb 9312
†n±i| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GB nvIiwU c~e©-cwð‡g cÖvq 12 wK.wg. Ges DËi-
`w¶‡Y 6 wK.wg.| nvI‡ii c~e© w`K w`‡q aby b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| GB b`x
wW½v‡cvZv nvI‡ii cvwbi cÖavb Drm| ZvQvovI A‡bK¸‡jv †QvU †QvU Lvj
75
nvI‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| GB Lvj¸‡jv w`‡qB nvI‡i mn‡R cvwb cÖ‡ek Ges †ei
n‡Z cv‡i| nvI‡ii dmj AvMvg eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ b`xi Zxi eivei
kZ eQ‡ii cÖvPxb euva i‡q‡Q| nvI‡ii cvwb cÖevn‡K wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ beŸB Gi
`k‡K wZbwU møyBm †MBU wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j eb¨v SzwKc~Y© GjvKv
wnmv‡e NvMjv Ryix †_‡K •Rbcyi ch©šÍ †gvU 4-5 wK.wg. GjvKvq euva wbg©vY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB euv‡ai GjvKvwU LyeB SuzwKc~Y©| AvMvg eb¨vi cvwb cÖvq cÖwZ eQiB
GB GjvKv w`‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i dmj‡K Wywe‡q †`q|
wW½v‡cvZv nvI‡ii GKgvÎ dmj avb| Z‡e DuPz GjvKvq A‡b‡K wKQz cwigvY
mwilv Pvl K‡i _v‡Kb| nvI‡i D”Pdjbkxj RvZ MvRx, g½j, weªavb-28, 29,
32 QvovI †`kx Rv‡Zi avb Pvl Kiv nq| †`kx Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q kvBj I
jvj cvBRvg| nvI‡ii GKwU weivU As‡ki Rwgi gvwjK evB‡ii †jvKRb|
eb¨vi Kvi‡Y hviv ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q ZvivB GB Rwg¸‡jv evB‡ii †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q
wewµ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| ZvQvovI GB nvI‡i i‡q‡Q †m‡Pi cvwbi mgm¨v| dvêyb-•PÎ¨
gv‡m cvwbi mgm¨v nq|
wW½v‡cvZ nvI‡ii me mgqB cÖPyi gvQ cvIqv hvq| GB nvI‡ii me wej¸‡jv
jxR †Ìqv bq| Z‡e †ekwKQz wej †hgb †ÌivRvb b`x, UzbvB, •eVvLvjx, ajvB
wej jxR _vKvq GB me GjvKvq gvQ aiv mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ wbwl×| d‡j
grm¨Rxex I nvI‡ii RbM‡Yi Rb¨ mgm¨v nq| GB nvIi GjvKvi kZKiv 20%
†jvK cÖK…Z grm¨Rxex hviv mviv eQi gvQ a‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| kZKiv 80
fvM †jvKB el©vKv‡j †Kv‡bv KvR bv _vKvq gvQ wewµ K‡i msmvi Pvjvq|
3. gwnlDov nvIi
gwnlDov nvIiwU KjgvKv›`v Dc‡Rjvi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z| nvIiwUi AvqZb
972 †n±i| nvI‡ii wZb w`‡K De`vLvjx b`x| nvI‡ii Pviw`‡K AvMvg eb¨vi
nvZ †_‡K dmj i¶vi Rb¨ †ewoeuva †`qv n‡q‡Q| nvI‡ii cvwb cÖevn GKwU
møyBm †MB‡Ui gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| cÖvPxbKv‡j nvI‡i cvnvo †_‡K gwnl
†b‡g Avm‡Zv e‡j nvIiwUi bvgKiY gwnlDov n‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq|
nvIiwUi AvK…wZ cÖvq †MvjvKvi| nvI‡ii A‡a©K Rwg DuPz I A‡a©K Rwg wbPz|
nvI‡ii AwaKvsk Rwg‡ZB av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| GB nvI‡i cÖPzi Lvm Rwg Av‡Q|
hvi Rwgi cv‡k Lvm Rwg i‡q‡Q †mB Zv‡Z av‡bi Pvl K‡ib| evKx wbPz GjvKvq
76
mviv eQi cvwb _v‡K| jxR _vKvq D³ GjvKvq av‡bi Pvl Kiv hvq bv| GgbwK
†KD gvQI ai‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e wK cwigvY Rwg Lvm Av‡Q Zv Zviv ej‡Z cv‡i
bv| eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K dmj i¶vi Rb¨ Beªvwngcyi I Bmecyi MÖv‡gi ga¨Lv‡b
GKwU møyBm †MBU •Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q| G nvI‡ii GKwUgvÎ dmj avb|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ RvZ¸‡jv n‡”Q †ev‡iv, †MvwP, kvBj, weªavb-28, 29| †`kx RvZ¸‡jv
wbPz Rwg‡Z jvMv‡bv nq| GB nvI‡i nvBweªW av‡biI Pvl Kiv nq|
4. M‡bk nvIi
M‡bk nvIiwU g`b I AvUcvov Dc‡Rjvi ga¨Lv‡b Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii AvqZb
9000 †n±i| nvI‡ii DËi w`K w`‡q gMiv b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| GQvovI
bvwmiLvjx LvjwU nvI‡ii gvSvgvwS c~e© w`K w`‡q †ZwjMvwZ‡Z wg‡k‡Q| GB
nvI‡ii Pvicv‡k 62wU MÖvg i‡q‡Q| MÖvgevmxiv K…wlKvR I grm¨ AvniY K‡i
RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| nvIiwU DËi-`w¶‡Y PIov I c~e©-cwð‡g j¤^v| nvI‡ii
25% Rwg‡Z cv‡Ui Pvl Kiv nq| evwK Rwg‡Z av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq| avb Avgb
I †ev‡iv GB `yÕwU †g․my‡g Pvl Kiv nq|
M‡bk nvI‡i gMov b`x †_‡K bvwQi Lvwj Lv‡ji gva¨‡g cvwb cÖ‡ek I wbM©Z
nq| avb cvKvi mgq dmj i¶vi Rb¨ euva †Ìqv nq| wKš‘ weMZ 20 ermi
a‡i Picvov MÖv‡gi †jvKRb Lv‡ji `yB gy‡L KvwZ©K gvm †_‡K †c․‡li g‡a¨ euva
wbg©vY K‡i cvwb a‡i †i‡L Zv‡ì DuPz GjvKvq av‡bi Pvl K‡i| Gfv‡e `xN© w`b
euva wbg©vY Kivi d‡j D³ GjvKv DuPz n‡q hvIqvq GLb Avi nvI‡ii me cvwb
†ei n‡Z cv‡i bv|
nvI‡ii 80% †jvK gvQ a‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| GB nvI‡ii wej¸‡jv jxR bv
_vKvq grm¨Rxweiv webv evavq GB nvI‡i gvQ a‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Q| ïay
wksMv wej bvwQiLvwj ch©šÍ WvK nq| †R‡jiv jxR MÖnYKvixi wbKU †_‡K WvK
wb‡q mviv eQi gvQ a‡i|
5. wKZ©b‡Lvjv nvIi
wKZ©b‡Lvjv nvIi LvwjqvRyix Dc‡Rjvq Aew¯’Z| nvI‡ii AvqZb 3036 †n±i|
GB nvI‡ii cÖavb dmj avb| Z‡e †KD †KD av‡bi cvkvcvwk mwilvi PvlI
K‡i _v‡K| nvIiwU‡Z DuPz I wbPz me ai‡bi RwgB i‡q‡Q| nvI‡ii 60% Rwg
77
wbPz Ges 40% Rwg DuPz| nvI‡ii †gvU Rwgi 25% ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi, evwK Rwg
evB‡ii †jvKR‡bi| eQ‡ii ci eQi eb¨vi Kvi‡Y dmj bó nIqvq evB‡ii
†jvKR‡bi Kv‡Q Rwg wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q †mLvbKvi gvbyl|
aby b`x GB nvI‡ii c~e© I `w¶Y w`‡K Aew¯’Z| GB b`xi gva¨‡gB nvI‡i cvwb
cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges el©v †k‡l †ei n‡q hvq| nvI‡i avb Pvl Kivi Rb¨ aby b`x
†_‡K cvwb †mP wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv nq| KxZ©b‡Lvjv nvI‡ii dmj i¶vi Rb¨
2005 mv‡j †ewoeuva wbg©vY Kiv nq| evuawU wjkKv MÖvg †_‡K ïiæ n‡q
LvwjqvRyix‡Z †kl n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b GKwU †QvU møyBm †MBU †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
weMZ 7 eQ‡i wKZ©b‡Lvjv nvI‡i K…l‡Kiv gvÎ GKeQi fv‡jvfv‡e dmj
Zz‡j‡Q| evwK Pvi eQiB eb¨v I wkjv e„wói Kvi‡Y dmj bó n‡q‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y
GB nvI‡i hviv K…wl KvR K‡i, Zviv w`‡bi ci w`b Gfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvq
A‡b‡KB f~wgnx‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq K…l‡Kiv eZ©gv‡b gvÎ 25 fvM Rwgi
gvwjK, evwK Rwgi gvwjK evB‡ii †jvKR‡biv| evB‡ii †jvKRb KvwZ©K gv‡mi
25 Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ †b․Kvq K‡i Zv‡ì †jvKRb nvI‡i cvwV‡q †`q avb Pvl Kivi
Rb¨| G‡ì‡K ¯’vbxq fvlvq wRivZx e‡j| wRivZxiv mv‡_ wb‡q Av‡m cÖPzi
cwigvY ïKbv Miæ, evQzi, QvMj| nvI‡i avb bó n‡j Miæ QvM‡ji jvf †_‡K
Zviv ¶wZ cywl‡q wb‡Z †Pôv K‡i| GB nvI‡i cÖvq 200wU cwiev‡ii 350 Rb
†jvK †K›`yqv, ZvovBj, bxjMÄ, •fie, bv›`vBj, Ck¦iMÄ, KwUqv`x †_‡K G‡m
K…wl KvR K‡i| GB mgq Lye Kg `v‡g LvwjqvRyix‡Z cÖPzi Miæi `ya cvIqv hvq|
eZ©gv‡b nvI‡ii wej I aby b`x jxR †`qv i‡q‡Q| hvi Rb¨ AÎ GjvKvi
†R‡jiv Aev‡a b`x ev nvI‡i gvQ aivi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM cvq bv| Zviv gvQ aivi
Rb¨ nvI‡i bvg‡j Zv‡ì Rvj †b․Kv †K‡o †bqv nq, gviaiI Kiv nq| hviv
jxR wb‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì‡K UvKv w`‡jB †R‡jiv nvI‡i bvg‡Z cv‡ib| bqvcvov
MÖv‡g 300 wU †R‡j cwievi| gvQ aivB Zv‡ì GKgvÎ †ckv| aby b`x‡Z gvQ
aivi Rb¨ cÖwZ †R‡j‡K eQ‡i 5,000 UvKv Rgv w`‡q gvQ ai‡Z bvg‡Z nq|
6. †MvovWzev nvIi
†MvovWyev nvIi KjgvKv›`v Dc‡Rjvi eiLvcb BDwbqb Ges mybvgMÄ †Rjvi
ag©cvkv Dc‡Rjvi ga¨bMi BDwbq‡bi Askwe‡kl wb‡q we¯Í…Z| GB nvI‡ii
78
AvK…wZ wKQzUv †MvjvKvi Ges Gi wZb w`‡K De`vLvjx b`x Aew¯’Z| nvIi Dbœqb
†ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq Gi bvg †M․o‡Wvev D‡jøøL Kiv n‡h‡Q|
cvwb Dbœqb †evW© (†bÎ‡Kvbv) nvIiwUi Dbœq‡b nv¤§yKLvjx, †MvovWyev I nvDwZqv
Lv‡ji gy‡L 3wU møyBm †MU wbg©vY K‡i| ZvQvov AvMvg eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K dmj
iÿvi R‡b¨ De`vLvjx b`xi Zxi †N‡l nvI‡ii Pviw`‡K †ewoeuvaI †`qv n‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b møyBm †MU¸wj A‡K‡Rv Ges †ewoeuv‡ai D”PZv Kg _vKvq G¸wj
nvIi iÿvq †Zgb †Kv‡bv f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| GB nvI‡ii GKgvÎ dmj
avb nIqvq cÖwZ ermi eb¨vq Zv ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡j K…lK‡ì `yt‡Li AšÍ _v‡K bv|
nvI‡ii wbPz Rwg‡Z †`kx Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv avb Pvl Kiv nq| B`vwbs †mLvbKvi
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv K…lK nvBweªW av‡biI Pvl K‡i _v‡Kb|
Q. eªvþYevwoqv †Rjv
bqwU Dc‡Rjv wb‡q MwVZ eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi AvqZb 1881.20 eM© wK.wg Ges
†jvKmsL¨v 29,53,209 Rb| Zb¥‡a¨ nvIi AaÿwlZ Dc‡Rjvi msL¨v 2wU hvi
†gvU AvqZb 531.70 eM© wK. wg. Ges †jvKmsL¨v 8,65,181 Rb|41 G †Rjvi
DË‡i wK‡kviMÄ Ges nweMÄ †Rjv; `w¶‡Y Kzwgjøv †Rjv; c~‡e© nweMÄ †Rjv I
fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv ivR¨; cwð‡g †gNbv b`x, wK‡kviMÄ, biwms`x I bvivqYMÄ
†Rjv| †KejgvÎ bvwmibMi I eªvþYevwoqv mì Dc‡Rjvq `yÕwU nvIi i‡q‡Q|
cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK †gvU nvI‡ii msL¨v 4wU Ñ hvi †gvU
AvqZb 10,581 †n±i| †Rjvq 20 GK‡ii D‡aŸ© †gvU 144wU Rjgnvj i‡q‡Q|
`Ë‡Lvjv nvIiwU mì Dc‡Rjvq Aew¯’Z| G †Rjv mgZj wbgœf~wg, jvj gvwUi
†QvU †QvU cvnvo I wUjv wb‡q MwVZ| cÖavb b`x: †gNbv, wZZvm, eywo I nvIov|
G †Rjvi nvIi¸‡jv n‡jv: †gwì nvIi, `Ë‡Lvjv nvIi, kvcjv I AvKvwk
nvIi|
1. †gwì nvIi
†gwì nvIi bvwQi bMi Dc‡Rjvi GKgvÎ nvIi| nvI‡ii AvqZb 3628
†n±i| nvIiwU A‡bKUvB †MvjvKvi| nvI‡ii DËi cv‡k †bvqvMuvI, ivgcyi,
jvLvB, K…òcyi MÖvg; c~e© w`‡K M½vbMi, eywok¦i, AvïivBj, bvwQi bMi; `w¶‡Y
79
bvwQicyi, †UKvbMi; cwð‡g †Mvqvj bMi MÖvg| †gwì nvI‡ii c~e© Ges `w¶Y
w`K w`‡q jsMb b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| GB b`xi cvwb eënvi K‡iB K…l‡Kiv
nvI‡i †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl K‡i|
†gwì nvI‡ii GKgvÎ dmj avb| av‡bi †g․myg Qvov evwK mgq Rwg¸‡jv cvwbi
wb‡P Wy‡e _v‡K| GB nvI‡ii ¯’vbxq, Ddkx Ges mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi nvBweªW
Rv‡Zi avb Pvl Kiv nq| Ddkx Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ weªavb-29 Ges g½j avb †ewk Pvl
Kiv nq| †`kxq RvZ †ev‡iv, cï kvBj, evkdzj, jvLvB, †MvwP kvBj, †MvwP
†ev‡iv, †Uwc, ebRyi, •Lqv †ev‡iv GLb ch©šÍ Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| 2005 mvj
†_‡K GB nvI‡i mvgvb¨ cwigvY nvBweªW wniv av‡bi Pvl ïiæ nq|
mnvqK m~Î:
1. nvIi K…wlcÖvY‣ewPÎ iÿvq Rb`wjj,eviwmK Rbmgxÿv 2007| c„ôv / 10|
2. S N H Rizvi, East Pakistan District Gazetteers Sylhet, P. / 7.
3. nvIi K…wlcÖvY‣ewPÎ i¶vq Rb`wjj, eviwmK 2007, c„ôv / 11|
4. http:// www. bwdb.gov.bd / docs / haorreport.doc
5. nvIi, cÖ_g RvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jb cÖKvkbv 2008| c„ôv / 17|
6. http:// www.bwdb.gov.bd/docs/ haorreport.doc
7. Population & Housing Census-2011, National vol.-2, Union statistics, Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics (http:// www. bbs.gov.bd ).
Bureau of Statistics (http:// www. bbs.gov.bd ). †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Z‡_¨ AvqZb 3669.58 eM©
wK. wg. D‡jøL Av‡Q|
9. †gvt nvwdRyi ingvb f~Tv, wm‡jU wefv‡Mi cÖkvmb I f~wg eë¯’v| c„ôv / 8|
10. evsjvwcwWqv, GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU|
11. evsjv‡`‡ki 2q ivgmvi GjvKv Uv½yqvi nvIi, †Rjv cÖkvmb, mybvgMÄ 2006| c„ôv / 76-80|
12. evsjv‡`‡ki 2q ivgmvi GjvKv Uv½yqvi nvIi, †Rjv cÖkvmb, mybvgMÄ 2006| c„ôv / 33|
13. S N H Rizvi, East Pakistan District Gazetteers Sylhet. P. / 8.
14. nvIi K…wlcÖvY‣ewPÎ¨ i¶vq Rb`wjj, eviwmK m¤úvw`Z Rbmgx¶v 2007| c„ôv / 17|
17. cvwb Dbœhb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq 72bs µwg‡K 490 †n±i| Z‡e H ZvwjKvq 62-63 µwg‡K mwKZcyi I
Qvqvi nvI‡ii mv‡_ GK‡Î AvqZb 1943 †n±i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m wn‡m‡e AvqZb Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e|
80
Bureau of Statistics. (http:// www. bbs.gov.bd ). Z‡e †Kv‡bv Z‡_¨ AqZb 3490 eM© wK.
wg. D‡jøL Av‡Q|
22. wm‡jU wefv‡Mi cÖkvmb I f~wg eë¯’v / †gvt nvwdRyi ingvb f~Tv| c„ôv / 8|
25. eviwmK m¤úvw`Z Rbmgxÿv 2007-Gi wi‡cv‡U© nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i m~Î D‡jøL K‡i GB nvI‡ii AvqZb
4,100†n±i ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvq 146 µwg‡K D³ nvI‡ii AvqZb D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q gvÎ 41 †n±i|
Bureau of Statistics. (http:// www. bbs.gov.bd ).
29. †bvgvb †P․ayix, ¸w½qvRyix nvIi eûgyLx Dbœqb cÖKí t Avkv wbivkvi GK hyM (cyw¯ÍKv)|
32. gvP (MACH) cÖKí cÖKvwkZ evB°v wej Afqvkªg nvBj nvIi (cyw¯ÍKv)|
33. •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 1 †deªæqvwi 2014|
34. S N H Rizvi, East Pakistan District Gazetteers Sylhet. P. / 8.
36. evsjvwcwWqv, GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU evsjv‡`k|
37. •`wbK Avgv‡ì mgq, 21 †g 2011|
39. wK‡kviM‡Äi BwZnvm, c„ôv / 37|
81
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
nvIi GjvKvi m¤ú`
f~wg I Rj e¨ZxZ nvIi GjvKvq wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` we`¨gvb|

Zb¥‡a¨ K…wl I grm¨ m¤ú`B cÖavb| GjvKv‡f‡` wKQzUv wfbœZv †`Lv †M‡jI
A‡bK nvI‡iB wg‡j GiKg m¤ú`mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Av‡Q RjR Dw™¢`, RjR D`¨vb,
¯’vbxq I cwihvqx RjKz°zU, evwj, cv_i, Pzbvcv_i cÖf„wZ| AwaKvsk nvIievmx
†mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Dci m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbf©ikxj| wb‡gœ nvIivÂ‡j cÖvß
m¤ú‡ì GKwU eY©bv †ck Kiv n‡jv:
nvIi GjvKvi K…wl eë¯’v

Abygvb Kiv nq mßg kZvãxi ïiæi w`‡KB G AÂ‡j K…wli weKvk N‡UwQj|
R½jvKxY© k¦vc`msKzj GB GjvKvq emwZ ¯’vcbKvixivB ¯’vqx K…wl eë¯’vi
cÖeZ©b K‡iwQj e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| ZLb K…wl Dc‡hvMx Rwgi cwigvY wQj LyeB
Kg| mgZj f~wgi AwaKvskB wQj Mfxi ebR½j| †mLv‡b evNmn bvbv ai‡bi
wnsmª eb¨cªvYxi evm wQj| wesk kZvãxi ïiæi w`‡K G AÂ‡ji gvbyl mw¤§wjZ
cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g ebR½j cwi®‥vimn RxeRš‘ Zvov‡Z D‡`¨vMx nq| Gfv‡e R½j
cwi®‥vi K‡i Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í gvbyl †mLv‡b K…wl f~wgi m¤cÖmviY NUv‡Z _v‡K|
RbemwZi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j cÖZxqgvb nq †h, nvIi GjvKv bexb
RbemwZ GjvKv| Øv`k kZ‡Ki c~‡e© GB GjvKvi RbemwZ m¤ú‡K© †Zgb
†Kv‡bv Z_¨ Rvbv hvq bv| Øv`k †_‡K mß`k kZvãx ch©šÍ †hUzKz BwZnvm Rvbv
hvq Zv-I ¯úó bq| aviYv Kiv nq, GLvbKvi Avw` RbemwZi GKwU Ask wn›`y,
hviv ejøvj †m‡bi †K․wjb¨ eÈbKv‡j wbcxwoZ n‡q GLv‡b G‡m emwZ ¯’vcb
K‡iwQj| Aci Ask cvnvovÂ‡j emevmKvix Avwèvmx‡ì (Mv‡iv, nvRs, Lvmx
BZ¨vw`)| m¤¢eZ GLvbKvi Drcv`bkxjZv Ges f~wg eënv‡i †Kv‡bv evav bv
_vKvi Kvi‡Y Giv GLv‡b G‡m emwZ ¯’vc‡b Drmvnx n‡qwQj|
82
mßg kZvãx‡Z m¤úvw`Z fv¯‥i eg©vi wbabcyi Zvgªdj‡K f~wg`v‡bi †h Z_¨
cvIqv hvq, Zv‡Z nvIi GjvKvi wKQzUv ms¯úk© Abygvb Kiv hvq| Î‡qv`k
kZvãx‡Z myjZvb gyMxk DwÏb BqvR‡eM Kvgiƒc Awfhvb Kv‡j kªxnÆ AÂ‡ji
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ivR¨ Rq K‡i A‡bK m¤ú` jvf K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j HwZnvwmK m~‡Î
Rvbv hvq| Zb¥‡a¨ AvRg`©b bv‡g GKwU ivR¨ wQj| ÷zqvU© mv‡ne mswkøó
AvRg`©b bv‡gi ivR¨wU‡K nweM‡Äi AvRwgwiMÄ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|1
AvRwgwiMÄ nvIi GjvKvi Rbc` nIqv m‡Ë¡I Î‡qv`k kZvãx‡Z †mLv‡b
RbemwZi cÖgvY wg‡j| cÖvPxb jvDo ivR¨ nvIi GjvKvi Rbc` wQj| †gvMj
Avg‡j †m GjvKvq RbemwZ m¤cÖmvi‡Yi ¯úó cÖgvY wg‡j| Aóv`k kZvãx
†_‡K weªwUk kvm‡bi ïiæ ch©šÍ GB nvIi GjvKvq Awfevmxiv Ae¨vnZfv‡e
RbemwZ M‡o Zzj‡Z _v‡K| Gi wKQzKvj c~e© †_‡KB Avw` hvhvei K…wl I
grm¨Rxex Rb‡Mvôxi mv‡_ be¨ emwZ ¯’vcbKvix Rb‡Mvôxi msNvZ †`Lv w`‡Z
_v‡K| µgv¤^‡q hvhvei K…wlRxex I be¨ emwZ ¯’vcbKvix Rb‡Mvôxi msNl©-
m¤ú‡K© M‡o I‡V †mLvbKvi mgvReë¯’v| Zviv grm¨ Avni‡Yi cvkvcvwk
jv½jwfwËK K…wl‡K MÖnY K‡i|
B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b Avmvi ci n‡Z Avkcv‡ki †Rjv¸‡jv †_‡K
m‡e©v”P msL¨K Awaevmx nvIi GjvKvq AvMgb K‡i| ZLb †_‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í
†mLvbKvi K…wl Rwg jv½jwfwËK Pvlvev‡ì AvIZvq Av‡m| wKš‘ µgvMZ
cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i wKQzw`b †mLvbKvi RbemwZi nvi
µgnªvmgvb n‡q c‡o| G mg‡q nvIi GjvKv gv‡Qi Rb¨ weL¨vZ n‡q D‡V| wesk
kZvãxi ïiæ †_‡K †mLv‡b cybivq Awfevmb cÖwµqv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| bvggvÎ
LvRbvq f~wg Kl©‡Yi myweav Ges grm¨ m¤ú‡ì cÖvPzh© GB Awfevmb cÖwµqvq
cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| †g․mygx Avevw` AwfMgbKvixiv dmj Drcv`‡b ¯^v_©KZv,
cÖPzi grm¨ m¤ú` AvniY Ges AevwiZ gv‡V kxZKv‡j Mevw`cï Pvi‡Y jvfevb
nIqvq ¯’vqx RbemwZ ¯’vc‡b Drmvnx n‡q I‡V|
¯^vaxbZvc~e© Kv‡j nvIi GjvKvq e¨vcK wfwËK K…wl Drcv`b ïiæ nqwb|
¯^vaxbZvi ci miKvi bjLvMov cwi¯‥vi Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| Gi d‡j
GLvbKvi cÖvq 60 fvM Rwg avb Pv‡li AvIZvq Av‡m| mybvgM‡Äi nvIi
83
GjvKvq weMZ kZvãxi wÎ‡ki `k‡K avb Pvl ïiæ n‡jI ¯’vbxqiv Gi †Zgb
we¯Ívi NUv‡Z cv‡iwb| ¯’vbxqiv †SvcSvo I kvc`msKzj GjvKvq †Zgb †hZB
bv| fvM¨v‡¤^lx ewnivMZ †jvKRb G AÂ‡j G‡m RxweKvi ZvwM‡` K…wl
m¤cÖmvi‡Y cÖqvmx nq| ¯’vbxqiv †Kej †eu‡P _vKvi ¯^v‡_© Avev`‡hvM¨ ¯’v‡b K…wl
Kv‡R Ask wbZ| e¨vcK Pvlvev‡` Awfevmxiv hyMvšÍKvix f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
evB‡i †_‡K AvMZ †jvKRb ïaygvÎ †h avb Pv‡l Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q Zv-B bq;
evIqv †LwZ A_©vr kvKmewR, ZwiZiKvwi djv‡bvi K…wZZ¡I Zv‡ì|
GKzk kZ‡Ki nvIi GjvKv K…wl Drcv`‡bi DrK…ó AÂj wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| AZx‡Z
†ZgbwU wQj bv| Av‡M gwnjviv evwoi cv‡k, N‡ii Pv‡j jvD, Ewi (mxg), wSsMv
BZ¨vw` Pvl Ki‡Zv| Avjy Pvl Ki‡jI kvK-mewR, ZwiZiKvwi, †flR Drcvw`Z
`ªe¨ Drcv`b n‡Zv bv| Awfevmxiv emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i K…wlR wPšÍvq cÖvPxb
emwZ‡ì †P‡q AMÖMvgx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GB AÂ‡ji AwaKvsk nvIi I
b`xbvjv, Lvjwej cvnvwoqv cÖK…wZi| cvnvo †_‡K AvMZ cvwbi m‡½ gvwU, evwj
I cwj G‡m ¯’jfvM‡K eûjvs‡k De©i K‡i †Zv‡j| d‡j GjvKvq K…wl Rwg‡Z
AZ¨waK dmj Drcv`b m¤¢e nq|
G AÂ‡j cÖ_g K…wl cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡qwQj nvIi GjvKvq ZrKvjxb B÷
cvwK¯Ívb GwMÖKvjPvivj †W‡fjc‡g›U Ki‡cv‡ikb (BwcGwWwm) Gi gva¨‡g|
ZrKv‡j G cÖKíwUi bvg wQj dvg© †gKvbvB‡Rkvb cÖ‡R±| K‡ji jvOj, †mP
hš¿, mvi, KxUbvkK, Ddkx exR cÖPj‡bi Rb¨ GB cÖKí nv‡Z †bqv n‡qwQj|
nvIi GjvKv GK mgq wQj av‡bi •ewP‡Î¨ Abb¨| Avi ZvB GLv‡b M‡o D‡VwQj
Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Mfxi cvwbi avb M‡elYv †K›`ª| Ôbv¸iv dvg©Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ
GB Mfxi cvwbi avb M‡elYv †K›`ªwU 1934 mv‡j nweM‡Ä cªwZwôZ n‡qwQj|
eZ©gv‡b GwU evsjv‡`‡ki avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU-Gi GKwU †÷kb wn‡m‡e
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| GB GjvKvq †h mKj Mfxi cvwbi avb wQj Zvi †ekxi fvMB
eZ©gv‡b †bB| Avgb I †ev‡iv †g․my‡gi GB mKj av‡bi Rv‡Zi mwVK wnmve
GLb cvIqv `y®‥i| Ab¨w`‡K Mfxi cvwbi avb M‡elYv I mdj n‡Z cv‡iwb|
mswkøóiv Rjevqyi Aw¯’i AvPiY‡K GR‡b¨ `vqx K‡i _v‡Kb| Zv‡ì g‡Z †h
84
MfxiZv‡K gv_vq †i‡L M‡elYv Kiv nq, †`Lv hvq †mB MfxiZvi cvwb †mB eQi
_v‡K bv| †h Kvi‡Y M‡elYvq Kvw•LZ mvdj¨ AR©b m¤¢e n‡”Q bv|
nvI‡i K…wl Rwgi aib:
nvI‡ii cÖvq Aa©vsk RwgB Abvevw` I wbPz| evwK Aa©vs‡ki g‡a¨ Av‡Q DuPz Kv›`v
I Avevw` Rwg| GjvKvq GK dmwj, `yB dmwj I wZb dmwj Ñ GB wZb ai‡bi
Avevw` Rwg Av‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ wZb dmwj Rwg G‡Kev‡iB Kg| cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx
†RjvwfwËK Rwgi cwigvY †`L‡j cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv hvq, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †Rjvq GK
dmwj Rwgi †P‡q `yB dmwj Rwgi cwigvY †ewk| G wPÎ mgMÖ †Rjv‡K a‡i mZ¨
n‡jI Gme Rwgi cÖavb dmj avb| cÖwZeQiB cwj c‡o e‡j Gme Rwg‡Z
av‡bi djbI A‡bK †ewk nq| wKš‘ Gme avb cÖwZeQi Pvlxiv N‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i
bv| cÖvK…wZK wech©q Ñ we‡klZ mg‡qi c~‡e©B ch©vß e„wó, AvKw¯§K eb¨v, †XD I
So cÖf„wZ wb‡q G GjvKvi gvby‡li f‡qi AšÍ †bB| Gme `y‡h©vM dm‡ji e¨vcK
¶wZ K‡i| wKQz Rwgi dmj cÖwZ eQiB Gme cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y bó n‡q
hvq|
evsjv‡`‡ki FZzP‡µi •ewkó Abyhvqx GLvbKvi K„wl eë¯’v M‡o D‡V‡Q| FZz
•ewPÎ Ges f~-cÖvK…wZK •ewk‡óï wfwË‡Z nvIi GjvKvq Pvlvev` ev K…wl c×wZ
wbqwš¿Z n‡q Avm‡Q|
†h mKj GjvKvq Nievwo we`¨gvb †m¸‡jv Uv‡bi Rwg ev DuPy Rwg| Zvici †_‡K
Rwg wKQzUv Xvjy n‡q Avm‡Q| emwZ ev DuPy RvqMvi c‡ii †h Rwg, Zv‡K †R‡ii
Rwg ejv nq| †R‡ii Rwg †_‡K µgv¤^‡q wbPy n‡q wej ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z f~wg‡K kvBj
ev †ev‡iv Rwg ejv nq| Gici †h Ask _v‡K Zv n‡”Q wej ev †Wvev| nvI‡ii
K…lKiv Rwgi GB †kÖwY wefvM gZ †g․myg wfwËK Dc‡hvMx K…wl km¨ Pvlvev`
K‡i _v‡Kb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv GjvKvq DuPy Rwg‡K wLj RwgI ejv nq|
nvI‡ii K…wl •ewPÎ¨:
A‡b‡Ki aviYv †ev‡iv avbB nvIi AÂ‡ji GKgvÎ dmj| wKš‘ Avm‡j Zv bq|
GK mgq †mLv‡b Avgb †g․my‡gi avbB g~L¨ wQj| ¯^í mgq Ges AwaK dmj
cÖvwßi Kvi‡Y †ev‡iv avb RbwcÖq n‡q DVvq Avgb avb Drcv`‡b K…lKiv
wbiærmvwnZ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e GLbI †mLv‡b Avgb †g․my‡g avb Pvl Kiv nq|
85
cÖwZwU nvI‡iB i‡q‡Q ¯^Zš¿ •ewkó¨ Ges dm‡ji aib| G‡¶‡Î nweM‡Äi mv‡_
mybvgMÄ ev wK‡kviM‡Äi wgj †bB| Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b †ev‡iv cÖavb avb †g․myg
wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡jI Avgb ev AvDk av‡bi Pvl GLb ch©šÍ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
GjvKvq †`Lv hvq| eZ©gv‡b avb QvovI nvIi GjvKvq Ab¨vb¨ dmj cÖPzi
cwigv‡Y Drcvw`Z n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
Rwgi ai‡bi †¶‡Î †h wefvRb Kiv nq Zv †Lqvj Ki‡j †evSv hv‡e †h, nvIi
GjvKvq km¨ Pv‡li †¶‡Î Rwgi ai‡bi h‡_ó f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz GB
Rwg¸‡jv meB GK mv‡_ cvwb‡Z Wy‡e hvq bv †m‡nZz Rwgi †kÖwYgZ †g․mygwfwËK
dm‡ji eûgvwÎKZv _vKvB ¯^vfvweK|
†ekxi fvM nvI‡iB DuPy ev Kv›`v Rwg‡Z KvwZ©K †_‡K •PÎ gv‡mi g‡a¨ Pvl nq
gwiP, Kv‡jv †e¸b, U‡g‡Uv, Pxbvev`vg, jvD, wgwó Kzgov, wmg, †Mvj Avjy, wgwó
Avjy, eiewU, ZigyR mn Ab¨vb¨ mewR| Rwgi Dc‡hvwMZv, evRvi Pvwn`v I
K…l‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Dci wbf©i K‡iB GB K…wl •ewP‡Îï m~Pbv n‡qwQj|
eZ©gv‡b Zv µ‡gB weKwkZ n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡k Ggb nvIiI Av‡Q †hLv‡b ej‡Z †M‡j †ev‡iv av‡bi PvlB nq bv|
†hgb wm‡j‡Ui •RšÍvcy‡ii evDifvM nvIi| GB nvI‡i †Kej Avgb †g․my‡g
av‡bi Pvl nq| RwKM‡Äi evjvBi nvI‡i †`Lv hvq AvDk, Avgb Ges †ev‡iv
3wU †g․my‡gB av‡bi Pvlvev` n‡”Q| mybvgM‡Äi Uv½yqvi nvI‡iI wKQz Avgb
av‡bi Pvl nq| fvjfv‡e †LuvR wb‡j †`Lv hv‡e cÖwZwU nvI‡iB †ev‡iv †g․myg
QvovI wKQz wKQz av‡bi Pvl Ges †mB mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ dm‡jiI Pvlvev` n‡”Q| Z‡e
GKK dmj wn‡m‡e nvIi GjvKvq †ev‡iv avbB cÖavb dmj wn‡m‡e MY¨|
nvIi GjvKvq RbemwZ M‡o DVvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek
Abyhvqx K…wl •ewPÎ¨ Wvjcvjv †gjv‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z K…wli bvbviKg
cwieZ©bkxjZv cwijw¶Z nq| K…wli GB cwieZ©bkxjZvi †¶‡Î †h mKj welq
wbqvgK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, cÖhyw³i we¯Ívi Ges
cÖ‡qvM ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq,
1919 mv‡ji AvM ch©šÍ nvIi AÂ‡j †evbv AvgbB cªavb dmj wQj| †m mg‡q
wbPy ev kvBj Rwg‡Z †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl n‡Zv| 1919 mv‡ji cÖjq¼ix eb¨vi d‡j
GB GjvKvmg~‡n KPzwicvbvi Dc`ªe †e‡o hvIqvq †evbv Avgb Pvl e¨nZ nq| G
86
Ae¯’vq wKQz wKQz GjvKvq mwilv Ges cvU Pvl nq| D³ dm‡ji djb fvj
nIqvq Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Avgb Rwg‡Z Giƒc dm‡ji Pvlvev` e„w× cvq| AZtci
†ev‡iv av‡bi Pvlvev` ïiæ n‡j K…lKiv G‡Z jvfevb nIqvq Gi we¯Í…wZ NU‡Z
_v‡K|
GK mgq ïaygvÎ kvBj ev †ev‡iv Rwg‡ZB †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl Kiv n‡Zv| 1920
mv‡ji w`‡K mgMÖ nvIi GjvKvq †`vb c×wZ‡Z †mP eë¯’v Qwo‡q co‡j Avgb
Pvl Dc‡hvMx wKwÂZ DuPy Rwg¸‡jv‡K mgvbK‡i †m‡Pi AvIZvq Avbvi cÖwµqv
Pj‡Z _v‡K| GKmgq †evbv Avg‡bi Rb¨ weL¨vZ GB nvIi GjvKv‡ZB
Dcgnv‡`‡ki me©cÖ_g (1934 mvj) Mfxi cvwbi avb M‡elYv †K›`ª Ôbv¸iv dvg©Õ
cÖwZwôZ nq|
nvIi GjvKvq bZzb Rv‡Zi D”P djbkxj avb AvBAvi-8 Gi AvMgb N‡U
1967 m‡b| 1970 mv‡j AMfxi bjKzc cÖPj‡bi d‡j GB GjvKvi K…wl eë¯’v
bZzb gvÎv cvq| G‡Z †m‡Pi AvIZv Av‡iv e„w× cvq Z_v †ev‡iv dmj GjvKvi
Av‡iv we¯Í…wZ N‡U| Gfv‡e GKwU Avgb cÖavb GjvKv µgv¤^‡q †ev‡iv GjvKvq
cwiYZ nq| nvIi GjvKv †ev‡iv AÂj wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡jI GLb ch©šÍ Avgb
Ges AvDk †g․my‡gi A‡bK †`kx Rv‡Zi avb †mLv‡b Pvlvev` n‡”Q| †ev‡iv
†g․my‡gI A‡bK †`kx Rv‡Zi avb Pvl nq|
nvIi GjvKvi grm¨ m¤ú`

nvIi GjvKvi A_©bxwZ g~jZ wej‡K›`ªxK| cÖwZwU nvI‡iB eû msL¨K wej
i‡q‡Q| miKvwi eë¯’vcbvq M„nxZ cÖKí ev Dbœqb Kg©KvÐI wej GjvKvwfwËK|
HmKj wej grm¨ m¤ú‡ì R‡b¨ BRviv Ges K„wl Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ c„_K cÖKí ev
e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq Pvlvev` nIqvq A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û nvIi kãwUi cÖ‡qvM
mxwgZ| ZvB nvIi kãwU G‡¶‡Î AÂj wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| grm¨
Awa`ß‡ii Rwic wefv‡Mi Z_¨vbymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Avf¨šÍixb grm¨ m¤ú‡ì
†gvU AvqZ‡bi 2.6% i‡q‡Q wej GjvKv| 1998-99 mv‡ji cwimsL¨vb
Abymv‡i wej GjvKv †_‡K †gvU grm¨ Avni‡Yi cwigvY wQj 69,850 †gwUªK Ub
Ges †gvU grm¨ Avni‡Y G †m±‡ii Ae`vb wQj h_vµ‡g 5.6% I 4.5%| G
†m±‡ii me©vwaK AvniY wQj 1998-99 mv‡j (69,850 †g.Ub) Ges me©wbgœ
87
AvniY wQj 1986-87 mv‡j (42,007 †g.Ub)| 1983-84 mb †_‡K 1998-
99 ch©šÍ 16 erm‡i G †m±‡ii AvniY, Avf¨šÍixY I †gvU Drcv`‡b Mo Ae`vb
wQj h_vµ‡g 10.4%, 7.0% Ges 5.3%|
1995 mv‡j K…Z evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii GK wn‡m‡e Rvbv hvq 1994 mv‡j wRwWwci
3.5 fvM, †gvU K…wl Drcv`‡bi 10.4 fvM I RvZxq ißvwb Av‡qi 9 fvM cvIqv
hvq Avgv‡ì grm¨ LvZ †_‡K| Aek¨ GB ißvwb Av‡qi GKwU eo As‡ki K…wZZ¡
wPswoi, Z‡e we‡`‡k emevmKvix evOvwj‡ì Kv‡Q †`kx gv‡QiI e¨vcK Pvwn`v
_vKvq †m¸‡jvI we‡`‡k ißvbx n‡q _v‡K| Gi GKUv Ask Av‡m †`‡ki
nvIi¸‡jv †_‡K| Rvbv hvq, ïaygvÎ mybvgMÄ †Rjvq cÖwZ eQi gv‡Qi Drcv`b
nq 30,706 †gwUªK Ub, hv G AÂ‡ji gv‡Qi †gvU Pvwn`vi †P‡qI 6,000
†gwUªK Ub †ewk|
grm¨ AvniY we‡kølY I Avni‡Yi MwZaviv:
cwimsL¨vb Abymv‡i weMZ 1983-84 †_‡K 1998-99 ch©šÍ G †m±‡ii Mo
Drcv`b wQj 53,063.4 †gwUªK Ub| D‡jøL¨ 1983-84 mv‡ji Drcv`b‡K
†eÂgvK© Drcv`b wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡j g~jZ G †m±‡ii Drcv`b 16 eQ‡i
Mo Avni‡Yi Zzjbvq e„w× †c‡q‡Q gvÎ 3.29%| eQi wfwËK Drcv`b we‡køl‡Y
†`Lv hvq 1983-84 mvj †_‡K 1991-92 mvj ch©šÍ G †m±‡ii Drcv`b wQj
wbgœMvgx Ges 1992-93 mvj †_‡K G †m±‡ii Drcv`‡bi DaŸ©g~LxZv j¶¨ Kiv
hvq| 1998-99 mv‡j 1997-98 mv‡ji Zzjbvq G †m±‡ii grm¨ Drcv`b e„w×i
nvi wQj 3.34%| 1983-84 mvj †_‡K 1998-99 mvj ch©šÍ G †m±‡ii
AvniY e„w×i cÖeYZv we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq, 1983 ‡_‡K 1987 mvj ch©šÍ AvniY
wbgœgyLx wQj| G mgq me©wbgœ AvniY wQj 42,007 †gwUªK Ub| 1987-88 mvj
†_‡K G †m±‡i AvniY e„w×i cÖeYZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Abyiƒc fv‡e 1998 mvj
†_‡K 2008 mvj ch©šÍ `k erm‡ii cwimsL¨vb we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq,
Avf¨šÍixY D‡b¥v³ Rjvk‡qi evwl©K Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
†RjvwfwËK we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU wej grm¨ m¤ú‡ì A‡a©‡KiI
†ewk Rjm¤ú` e„nËi wm‡jU Ges gqgbwms‡n h_vµ‡g 29% Ges 26%|
GQvov ivRkvnx‡Z i‡q‡Q 17%| †n±i cÖwZ Drcv`b we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq, wKQz
†Rjv Qvov me‡¶‡ÎB wej grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Drcv`b µgvš^‡q e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
88
D‡jøL¨ wm‡jU I gqgbwms‡ni we‡j gv‡Qi Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g
82.2% I 38.3% Ges ivRkvnx‡Z Drcv`b n«vm †c‡q‡Q 6.9%|
AZx‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvq wewfbœ †Rjvi wej †_‡K grm¨ Avni‡Yi
cwigvY wKQzUv n‡jI w¯’wZkxj Ae¯’vq wQj| d‡j wej m¤ú‡` ch©vß msL¨K gvQ
cvIqv †hZ| ZLb wej †_‡K AvnwiZ grm¨ cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ iæB, KvZjv, g„‡Mj,
KvjevDm, Nwbqv, †evqvj, AvBo, †kvj, P¨vs, wPZj, dwj, KB, Lwjmv, wks,
gv¸i, micuywU, Mj`v wPswo, †QvU wPswo, cuywU, cve`v, U¨vsiv, evBg, Pvwcjv cÖf„wZ
cÖRvwZi msL¨v wQj D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b KwZcq cÖRvwZi gvQ we‡kl K‡i KvjevDm, Nwbqv, micywU, †f`v,
Mj`v wPswo, dwj, KB cÖf„wZ wejywßi †kl cÖv‡šÍ G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q| GQvovI we‡j
mvwe©Kfv‡e gv‡Qi AvniY LvwbKUv e„w× †c‡jI Rbm¨sL¨v e„w×i Abycv‡Z Ges
Rjvk‡q cvwbi De©iZv ¶gZv Abymv‡i gv‡Qi Drcv`‡b †Zgb j¶Ÿxq e„w×i
AvjvgZ †`Lv hvqwb| eis wKQz wKQz gv‡Qi Drcv`b w`b w`bB n«vm cv‡”Q| Gi
cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e wb‡gœv³ welq‡K wPwýZ Kiv hvq|
wej grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Drcv`b Dbœq‡bi c`‡¶c:
†`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡U wej grm¨ m¤ú‡ì f~wgKv I ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
†Kbbv †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi GKwU weivU Ask G †m±‡ii Dci RxweKv
wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ wbf©ikxj| Avgv‡ì †`‡k wej grm¨ m¤ú` mvaviYZ Rbmvavi‡Yi
m¤ú` wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| G Kvi‡YB G m¤ú‡ì Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î RbmvaviY‡K
ev` w`‡q Dbœqb Kiv m¤¢e bq| G †¶‡Î KwgDwbwU †eR wej eë¯’vcbvi
m¤cÖmviY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G QvovI we‡ji AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZi Dci wfwË K‡i
`wi`ª †R‡j m¤cÖ`vq‡K G Kg©m~Px‡Z AšÍfy³ © Kivi welqwU‡KI cÖvavb¨ †`qv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
†Rjv cÖkvm‡bi AvIZvaxb Rjgnvj:
nvI‡ii grm¨ m¤ú‡ì evwYwR¨K †¶Î n‡”Q wejmg~n| wKš‘ wekvj GB Rjvavi
Db¥y³ bq| GLvb †_‡K grm¨ AvniY miKvwi wewaweavb g‡Z nq| wbw`©ó Ask
wn‡m‡e BRviv c×wZ‡Z †mLvb †_‡K gvQ ai‡Z nq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU nvI‡iB
A‡bK¸‡jv wej ev Rjvkq we`¨gvb| Aek¨ †Kej nvI‡ii wej¸‡jvB †h
89
Rjgnvj wn‡m‡e BRviv †Ìqv nq Zv bq| G mKj Rjgnvj wewfbœ b`xi
Askwe‡klI n‡q _v‡K| miKvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wej ev Rjgnvj BRviv w`‡q wecyj
cwigvY ivR¯^ Av`vq K‡i _v‡K| BRviv`viiv Rjgnv‡j gr‡mï Drcv`b e„w×i
¯^v‡_© AbyKzj cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i grm¨ Avni‡Yi c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡ib| Avevi
Zviv †h †Kej wba©vwiZ RjvqZb wewkó Rjvf~wgUzKzB †fvM K‡i Ñ Zv bq| mKj
†ÿ‡ÎB Zviv BRvivf~³ Rjvf~wgi PZz®úvk¦©¯Í Rjc~Y© mg¯Í f~wgB wbqš¿b ev
†fvM`Lj K‡i _v‡Kb| Rjgnvj BRviv bxwZgvjv †gvZv‡eK 20 GK‡ii D‡aŸ©
RjvqZb m¤úbœ Rjgnvj / wej¸‡jv †Rjv cÖkvm‡bi wbqš¿‡b BRviv †Ìqv nq|
†Kej mybvgMÄ †RjvqB G iKg Rjgnv‡ji msL¨v 425wU| 2004 mv‡j f~wg
Rei`Lj †iv‡a MwVZ gš¿xcwil` KwgwUi mfvq `xN©‡gqvw` e‡›`ve¯Í †èvi j‡ÿ¨
200 GK‡ii EaŸ© AvqZ‡bi wb‡gœv³ Rjgnv‡ji ZvwjKv Dc¯’vwcZ nq|
Rj m¤ú`
K…wl Wv‡qix g‡Z, †`‡k wej I nvI‡ii cwigvY †gvU 1,14,000 †n±i| mgy`ª
mgZj †_‡K G GjvKvi f~wgi D”PZv gvÎ 4 wgUvi| mybvgMÄ I nweM‡Äi †¶‡Î
GwU Av‡iv Kg Ñ gvÎ 2 wgUvi (cÖvq)| Aciw`‡K evsjv‡`‡k evrmwiK Mo
e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY †hLv‡b 2300 wgwjwgUvi, †mLv‡b †`‡ki DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j Gi
cwigvY 5500 wgwjwgUvi| nvIi Aay¨wlZ G AÂj g~jZ wbgœf~wg-c~Y©| G
Kvi‡YB fvi‡Zi †gNvjq I eivK DcZ¨Kvi †h‡Kv‡bv e„wócv‡Zi cvwb mevi
Av‡M nvIi GjvKvq w`‡K avweZ nq| ev‡bi R‡j nvI‡i †b‡g Av‡m wech©q|
GB cvwb GjvKvi mgMÖ wbgœvÂj c~Y© Kivi ci `w¶‡Y mvM‡ii w`‡K avweZ nq|
AvKw¯§K ev‡bi Rj GLvbKvi gvby‡li Rxe‡b evi evi wech©q †W‡K Av‡b| Z‡e
¯^vfvweK el©vi Rj Zv‡ì Rxebavi‡YiI Dcvq nq| nvIi GjvKvi Rj bvbv
m¤ú‡` c~Y©| nvI‡ii Rjvf~wg‡Z ch©vß ¯^v`y cvwbi gvQ cvIqv hvq| GQvov
Ab¨vb¨ DfPi cÖvYx h_v e¨vO, K”Qc, kvgyK cÖf„wZ Ges LvIqvi †hvM¨ RjR dj
h_v KPz, †NPz, kvcjv, wmOiv, gvLbv, cvwbdj cÖf„wZ, Mevw`cïi Lvevi‡hvM¨
RjR Nvm I AvMvQv ch©vß cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq| jv‡Lv jv‡Lv †`kx-we‡`kx cvwL
nI‡ii Rj I Rjvf~wgi bvbv Lv`¨‡K wN‡iB GLv‡b emevm K‡i| nvIi GjvKvi
e¨vcK msL¨K gvby‡li Rxeb Gme m¤ú‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj|
90
nvIivÂ‡ji Dw™¢`
cÖvPxb cvjv-MxwZKvq nvI‡ii bjLvMov Avi cÙdz‡ji ¸YKxZ©b Kiv n‡jI
nvIivÂ‡j ey‡bv †Mvjvc, gvLbv, ebZzjmx, evjvWygyi, †XvjKjwg, ejyqv, PvBjøv,
`ye©v, kvcjv, wmOiv, KzB, Dcj, wPPiv, Avgov, AvMiv, †Kïi, AvivBj, cDiv,
cyUwKeb, KvW©, KuvUvSvD, cv_yB, `y`yj, Avknvb, KPzwicvbv, †`Dwi cÖf„wZ ARmª
Dw™¢‡ì mgv‡ivn †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| wnRj, KiP, eiæb, egj, †MvUvMvgvi,
†iBbwUª cÖf…wZ e„ÿ nvIi‡K †cu․‡Q w`‡q‡Q Ab¨ gvÎvq| Gme Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz
cÖRvwZ B‡Zvg‡a¨B wejywßi ØvicÖv‡š’ DcbxZ n‡q‡Q| AcwiwgZ I Acwibvg`k©x
ZrciZvi ìæY nvI‡ii Dw™¢` Avk¼vRbK fv‡e n«vm cv‡”Q| Gi gvivZ¥K cªfve
co‡Q †mLvbKvi cwi‡e‡ki Dci|
cvwbi wb‡P †ek K‡qK cÖRvwZi •kevjRvZxq Dw™¢` Rb¥vq| G¸‡jv gvQ I RjR
cÖvYxi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nIqv QvovI kxZKvjxb dm‡ji mvi wn‡m‡e eëüZ
nq| †jvKRb eb¨vi cvwb †b‡g hvevi ci cvwbi wbP †_‡K Gme k¨vIjv DwV‡q
†ev‡iv avb Avev`‡hvM¨ wbPy Rwg‡Z ¯‘cxK…Z K‡i iv‡L| G‡Z Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi
gvwU big n‡q I‡V| c‡i Pvlxiv mn‡RB Gme AvMvQv mwi‡q †ev‡iv av‡bi
Avev` K‡i _v‡K| G cÖwµqvq Rwg‡Z Pvl QvovB dmj Avev` Kiv m¤¢e nq Ñ
†hwU nvIi GjvKvi Pv‡li GKwU cÖvhyw³K we‡klZ¡| RjR nvqvwm‡š’i QvB‡q 30
kZvsk cUvk I 13 kZvsk Pzb we`¨gvb Ñ hv GKwU PgrKvi K‡¤úv÷ mvi|
RjR nvqvwmš’ Mevw`cïi Lvevi wn‡m‡eI eënvi Kiv nq|
RjR D`¨vb
GKmgq nvIi GjvKvq we¯ÍxY© RjR D`¨vb wQj| ZLb 12 wgUvi `xN© GKRv‡Zi
wPimeyR e„¶I GLv‡b Rb¥v‡Zv e‡j Rvbv hvq| †mmgq Gme D`¨v‡b evN,
wPZvevN, wkqvj, k~Ki, mvc, D`weovj, †g‡Qv weovj, KvwQg, wMiwMwU, ARMi,
†MvL‡iv cÖf„wZ RxeRš‘ cvIqv †hZ| µgk GjvKvq †jvKR‡bi emwZ †e‡o
hvIqvq R¡vjvwb msMÖn I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b D`¨v‡bi kªxnvwb NUvq AvR Gi wKQz G
GjvKv †_‡K wejyß n‡q †M‡Q, wKQz wejywßi ûgwK‡Z Av‡Q| hw` D`¨vb aŸsm
Kivi AcZrciZv‡K †iva Kiv bv hvq Z‡e †hme cÖvYx GL‡bv GLv‡b mnRjf¨,
ZvI AwP‡iB wejyß n‡q hv‡e| RjR D`¨v‡bi MvQcvjv KvUvi †¶‡Î GKUv †kÖwY
ivR‣bwZK cÖfve‡K Kv‡R jvMvq Ñ †h Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì‡K `gb Kiv ¯’vbxq
91
KZ©„c‡¶i c‡¶ cÖvqB m¤¢e nq bv| Avi G Kvi‡YB G RvZxq eb¸‡jv µgk
DRvo n‡q hv‡”Q| d‡j †mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ webó n‡”Q| Avkvi K_v,
Gme cÖvK…wZK MvQcvjvi †h cwigvY ¶wZ GZw`‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZZ bv n‡jI
m¤úªwZ wnRj, KiP, eiæb I Ab¨vb¨ djR Dw™¢` eZ©gv‡b nvIievmxiv †ivcY
Ki‡Q| G†Z cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ iÿvi GKwU my¯’ cÖeYZv DuwK w`‡”Q|
nvIivÂ‡ji cÖvYxKzj
nvIivÂ‡ji cÖvYx ej‡Z cÖavbZ grm¨‡K eySvq| Gic‡ii ¯’vb cvwLi| GQvovI
RjR I RjPi AmsL¨ cÖvYxK~j nvI‡ii cÖvY‣ewPÎ¨‡K mRxe †i‡L cwi‡e‡ki
fvimvg¨ iÿv Ki‡Q| bvbv Z‡_¨ Rvbv hvq, AZx‡Z nvIi GjvKvq evN, †kqvj,
k~Ki, mvc, D`weovj, ebweovj, †g‡Qvweovj, KvwQg, wMiwMwU, ARMi I
†MvL‡ivmn bvbv RvZxq mvc, KzB”Pv, †RuvK, kvgyK, wSbyK BZ¨vw` cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
cvIqv †h‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b Gi A‡bK cÖRvwZ †mLvb †_‡K wejyß n‡q †M‡Q Ges
wKQz wejywßi ØvicÖv‡š’|
cwihvqx I ¯’vbxq RjPi cvwL
nvIi AeevwnKvi Rjvf~wg¸‡jv‡Z ¯’vbxq I AwZw_ wgwj‡q AmsL¨ cvwL emevm
K‡i| G‡ì g‡a¨ eû RvZxq nuvm, †jÄv, †co‡cwo, †Pi‡Pwi, †g․jfx, wPwZ,
mivjx, •eKvj, bxjkxi wcqvs, cvšÍvgyLx, ivOvgyox, PLvPwL, Pxbv, wMwiqv, LÄbv,
cvZvwi, `jwcwc, cvwb gyiMx, cvwZevUvb, WvûK, wPj, eK BZ¨vw` cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
†`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| G mKj cÖvYx nvIi GjvKvi cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vq
mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|
cvwLi Avevm¯’‡ji e¨vcK wejywßi Kvi‡Y nvIi AeevwnKv cwihvqx RjKz°zU,
we‡klZ, nuvm I DcKyjxq cvwL‡ì Rb¨ GKwU AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
kxZKvjxb GjvKv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nq| c„w_exi kxZcÖavb I eideûj
†mvwf‡qU ivwkqv, mvB‡ewiqv, DËi †giæ, wngvjq cve©Z¨vÂj, A‡÷ªwjqvq ch©vß
kxZ †`Lv w`‡j cvwL‡ì Lv`¨`ªe¨ hLb ei‡d Ave„Z n‡q hvq ZLb kx‡Zi ZxeªZv
Ges L¨v`vfve †_‡K euvP‡Z Gme cvwL b‡f¤î-wW‡m¤î gv‡m G‡`‡ki wewfbœ
92
Rjvf~wg‡Z Av‡m Ges gvP© gvm ch©šÍ GLv‡b wePiY K‡i cybivq wb‡R‡ì ¯’v‡b
wd‡i hvq| nvIimn wewfbœ Rjvf~wg‡Z wKQzw`b Ae¯’vb Kivi ci Giv DËi fviZ
A_ev kªxjsKvi w`‡K cvwo Rgvq| †mLvb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì MšÍ‡e¨ wdievi Av‡M
Av‡iv GKevi Zviv G AÂ‡j Av‡m|
nvI‡i `„ó me©‡gvU 125 cÖRvwZi RjKz°z‡Ui g‡a¨ 53wUiB cÖRbb¯’j GLv‡b|
DËi-cye©vÂjxq Rj eë¯’vcbv cÖKí (GbBAviwc) Gi gvV Kvh©µg PjvKv‡j
DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j †gvU 284 cÖRvwZi cvwL †iKW© Kiv nq G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 89wUB
cÖK…Z RjKz°zU| 125wUi g‡a¨ evwK 36 cÖRvwZi RjKz°zU †mevi †`Lv hvq wb|
30 cÖRvwZi cvwLi GLv‡b _vKv bv-_vKvUv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Rjvf~wgi B‡Kvwm‡÷‡gi
Dci wbf©ikxj| Ab¨w`‡K Rjvf~wg A_ev mwbœwnZ cøvebf~wg Ges ï®‥f~wg‡Z
h_vµ‡g Av‡iv 42 I 123 cÖRvwZi cvwL †`Lv †M‡Q|
nvIivÂj‡K emev‡mi ¯’vb wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bq †hme AwZw_ cvwL †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨
_v‡K cÖvq 50 cÖRvwZi wewfbœiKg nuvm| †hgb aymi I †Mvjvcx ivRnuvm,
evwjnuvm, †jÄv, †co‡cwo, †Pi‡Pwi, †g․jex, wPwZ, mivwj, eywUnuvm, cvwZnuvm,
•eKvj, bxjkxi wcqvs, cvšÍvgyLx, iv½vgywo, Kv‡jvnuvm, †cwofywZ, PLvPwL, Pxbv,
wMwiqv, LÄbv, cvZvwi, `jwcwc, cvwb gyiwM, b_©wMwiqv, cvwZevUvb, WvûK,
KgbwPj, KUbwPj cÖf„wZ|
evwj I cv_i m¤ú`
nvIi AÂ‡ji GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m¤ú` evwj I cv_i | †mªv‡Zi mv‡_ wecyj
cwigvY bywo Ges †QvU AvKv‡ii cv_i †b‡g G‡m cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡ki b`x I
Qov¸‡jv‡Z Rgv nq| `wi`ª I nZ`wi`ª †kÖwYi A‡bK gvbyl evwj I cv_i msMÖn
K‡i wewµ K‡i| mybvgMÄ AÂ‡ji Gme bywo I †evìvi mviv‡`‡k P‡j hvq|
cv_i I evwji cvkvcvwk nvI‡ii †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv GjvKv †_‡K Kv‡jvgvwU Ges
KqjvI AvniY Kiv nq|
93
KÕeQi c~e© ch©šÍ nvI‡ii cvnvo †Nulv GjvKvq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cv_i cvIqv
†hZ| wKš‘ e¨vcK Avni‡Yi d‡j GLb cv_‡ii cwigvY K‡g †M‡jI evwj GL‡bv
ch©vß cvIqv hvq| G GjvKvq evwji eëmv K‡i GKwU †kÖwY µgkt dz‡j‡du‡c
IV‡jI GwU `wi`ª w`bgRyi †kÖwYi Rxebavi‡Yi Ab¨Zg Dcvq GK_v A¯^xKvi
Kivi m~‡hvM †bB| GB evwji Kvi‡Y GjvKvi dmwj Rwgi cÖK…wZ I cwiwa
µgkB e`‡j hv‡”Q| Gi gva¨‡g b`xi bve¨Zv n«vmmn AvÂwjK cwi‡e‡k weiƒc
cÖfve co‡Q| mv¤cÖwZK †emiKvwi GK wn‡m‡e Rvbv †M‡Q, evwji Kvi‡Y
mybvgM‡Äi Pvi Dc‡Rjvi 80 nvRvi GKi dmwj Rwg De©iZv nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q|
GQvovI evwji Av¯ÍiY covq ev`vNvU I Ab¨vb¨ mxgvšÍ GjvKvi K‡qK nvRvi
euvkSvo B‡Zvg‡a¨B g‡i †M‡Q| Kjv, mycvwi, KuvVvjmn wewfbœ Rv‡Zi dje„‡¶I
†j‡M‡Q goK|
Pzbvcv_i m¤ú`
mybvgM‡Äi Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvi †U‡KiNv‡U †`‡ki e„nËg Pzbvcv_‡ii Lwb
i‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi Pz‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡iB G GjvKvq †Kv¤úvwb Avg‡j Pzbv
Drcv`‡b ARmª jvBg evwb©s I‡fb ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj| Pz‡bi gva¨‡gB AZx‡Z
`vjvb‡KvUv wbwg©Z nZ| 1940 mv‡j QvZ‡K Avmvg †e½j wm‡g›U ‡Kv¤úvwb
¯’vwcZ nevi Av‡M ch©šÍ ¯’vbxq Pzbvcv_‡ii GB eënviB cÖwm× wQj| wm‡j‡Ui
ZrKvjxb Kv‡j±i wjÛ‡mmn A‡bK Bs‡iR Kg©KZ©v I eëmvqx GLv‡b Pzb I
Ab¨vb¨ eëmv K‡i cÖPzi A_©m¤ú‡ì gvwjK nb| mybvgMÄ †Rjvi ïaygvÎ
QvZ‡KB 1970 mvj ch©šÍ 167wU Pzbvcv_i †cvov‡bvi cvRy ev Pzwjø A_©vr jvBg
evwb©s I‡fb wQj| Gme KviLvbvi Drcv`b ¶gZv wQj 18,476 Ub| G Kv‡Ri
mv‡_ ZLb wb‡qvwRZ wQj 4,143 Rb kªwgK| eZ©gv‡b AwaKvsk Pzwjø cwiZ¨³
†NvwlZ nIqvq Pzbwk‡íi †mB igigv Ae¯’v †bB| Z‡e GLvbKvi Drcvw`Z PzbB
cªvq mviv‡`‡ki Pz‡bi Pvwn`v wgwU‡q _v‡K| we‡klÁ‡ì aviYv †U‡KiNv‡U QvZK
wm‡g›U KviLvbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Pzbvcv_‡ii 50 eQ‡ii gRy` i‡q‡Q| Lwb
†_‡K Drcv`b ïiæ nevi cÖ_g w`‡K A_©vr 1965 mv‡ji A‡±vei gvm ch©šÍ G
cÖK‡íi MociZv Drcv`b wQj •`wbK 48 Ub| c‡i Zv †e‡o ùvovq 750 Ub|
94
me©‡kl erm‡i cÖvq 47,000 Ub ch©šÍ Pzbvcv_i G Lwb †_‡K D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq|
GwU wewmAvBwmi GKwU cÖKjø| G cÖK‡í µgvMZ †jvKmvb †`Lv w`‡Z _vKvq
1999 mv‡ji 26 Ryb AbywôZ wewmAvBwmi 554Zg †evW© wgwUs‡q cÖKí GjvKvi
Pzbvcv_i D‡Ëvjb eÜ K‡i GwU‡K Avg`vwb †K‡›`ª iƒcvšÍ‡ii wm×všÍ †bqv nq|
GLb Lwb cÖKíwU fviZ †_‡K Avbv Pzbvcv_‡ii Avg`vwb †K›`ª wn‡m‡e eëüZ
nq|
mnvqK m~Î:
1. gyn¤§` mv‡q`yi ingvb, nweMÄ †Rjvi BwZnvm| c„ôv / 276|
2. evsjvwcwWqv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Ges nvIievmx i¶vq bvMwiK D‡`¨vM, mybvgMÄ|
3. nvIi / cÖ_g RvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jb cÖKvkbv| c„ôv / 37|
4. nvIi / cÖ_g RvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jb cÖKvkbv| c„ôv / 39|
5. Fishery Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2007-2008. P. / 40.
6. Fishery Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2004-2005 Aej¤^‡b|
7. Fishery Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2007-2008 Aej¤^‡b|
8. ZvwjKvwU ÔnvIi R‡j fvmv Rbc` / gywRe †g‡n`x| Bbw÷wUDU di Gbfvqib‡g›U A¨vÛ †W‡fic‡g›U
2005Õ †_‡K †bqv| mswkøó ZvwjKvq 200 †_‡K 1000 GK‡ii EaŸ© AvqZ‡bi 118wU Rjgnv‡ji D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G‡Z AvqvZ‡bi wKQzUv A¯úóZv we`gvb _vKvq nvIi Dbœqb †ev‡W©i ZvwjKvi mv‡_
†ÿÎwe‡k‡l mgš^q Kiv n‡q‡Q| GR‡b¨ ZvwjKvwU 122 msL¨vq DbœxZ nj|
95
PZz_© Aa¨vq
nvIi GjvKvi RbRxeb
nvIi AÂ‡ji RbemwZi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, †mLvbKvi wewfbœ
GjvKvq wewfbœ mg‡q RbemwZ M‡o D‡V‡Q| AÂjwfwËK cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZ Øviv
RbemwZi aviv wbqwš¿Z n‡q‡Q weavq ¯’vb †f‡` †ckviI iKg‡di N‡U‡Q| my`~i
AZx‡Z †KejgvÎ grm¨ AvniYB wQj †mLvbKvi Awaevmx‡ì GKgvÎ †ckv|
GK mgq grm¨ Avni‡Yi cvkvcvwk K…wlKvRI †mLvbKvi gvby‡li †ckvq cwiYZ
nq| Gic‡i RbemwZ e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Awbevh© ZvwM‡` gvbyl
Zvi Kg©cš’vq bvbv welq †hvM Ki‡Z cÖqvm †c‡jI Bs‡iR kvm‡bi †kl fvM
ch©šÍ †mLvbKvi gvby‡li cÖavb †ckv wQj grm¨ AvniY| K…wl ZLbI wØZxq †ckv
wn‡m‡eB MY¨ nq| eZ©gv‡b Gi A‡bK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| grm¨ AvniY I K…wl
Kv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q Av‡iv A‡bK †ckv| m¤ú‡ì cÖvwß-AcÖvwß mv‡c‡¶
GjvKv‡f‡` RxebhvÎvi gvb I ai‡bi iƒcvšÍi N‡U‡Q Aejxjvq| GK mg‡q
grm¨ Avni‡Yi Rb¨ Rjvkqmg~n jxR ev BRviv c×wZi wbqš¿‡Y P‡j †M‡j
†mLvbKvi cÖavb Awaevmx grm¨Rxexiv Zv‡ì esk ci¤úivq †fvM`LjK…Z
Rjvk‡qi AwaKvi nviv‡Z _v‡K| •cwÎK †ckvq DcvR©‡bi m~‡hvM mxwgZ n‡q
hvq| cvkvcvwk GLvbKvi AwZ De©i gvwU‡Z K…wl-Drcv`‡bi AKíbxq m¤¢vebv
cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i †`‡ki Acivci AÂj †_‡KI gvbyl GLv‡b G‡m emwZ ¯’vc‡bi
D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| d‡j †mLvbKvi RbemwZ‡ZI •ecøweK cwieZ©b N‡U| Ggwb
Ae¯’vq grm¨ Avni‡Yi Ae¯’vb‡K wWw½‡q K…wl mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m Ñ K…wl ZLb
†_‡K cÖavb †ckv wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| eZ©gv‡b cÖavbZ K…wlKvR I grm¨
Avni‡Yi cvkvcvwk nvIi GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z †jvKR‡bi †hme †ckv-wPÎ cÖZ¨¶ Kiv
hvq, †m¸‡jv n‡jv: ZvRv I ïKbv gv‡Qi eëmv; Mevw`cï, nuvm-gyiMx I k~Ki
cvjb; R¡vjvbx msMÖn I weµq, Kqjv AvniY I eëmv, Kqjv Lwb I Pzbvcv_i
cÖK‡í kªg`vb, evwj I cv_i msMÖn, ¶z`ª eëmv, wi·v Pvjbv BZ¨vw`|
96
K…wlKvR nvIi GjvKvi gvby‡li cÖvPxb I HwZnëvnx †ckv| GL‡bv ch©šÍ
GjvKvi gvby‡li cÖavb †ckv GwU| hwÌ eb¨vi RjevwnZ evwj I cwj cÖvqB K…wl
Rwgi cwigvY n«vm Ki‡Q, Zey G LvZwU cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i Av‡Q|
BRviv`vi‡ì cÖfve Ges AwZgvÎvq eëmvwqK g‡bve„wËi Kvi‡Y grm¨Rxex
m¤cÖ`v‡qi Ae¯’v mw½b| BRvivK…Z Rj gnv‡j grm¨ AvniY c×wZiI
AvaywbKvqb N‡U‡Q| d‡j †mLv‡b kªwg‡Ki msL¨v n«vm cv‡”Q| GQvov BRvivK…Z
we‡ji cÖK…Z AvqZb hv-B †nvK bv †Kb cvwicvwk¦©K cvwbevwnZ mgMÖ AÂjB
BRviv`viiv wb‡q †bIqvq mvaviY grm¨Rxexiv †Kv_vI gvQ aivi my‡hvMB cvq
bv| d‡j Zv‡ì Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ Kg©-†ckv weícš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡”Q|
f~¯^vgx ev weËkvjxivI Zv‡ì mvaviY Rxeb cÖev‡n cwieZ©b NUv‡Z m‡Pó|
cÖwZwU ¯^”Qj cwievi bZyb cÖR‡b¥i Rxebgv‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡L †hgb knigyLx
n‡”Q †Zgwb kªgRxex gvby‡livI weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi j‡¶¨ kni wKsev
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e‡›`ve¯Í Av‡Q Ggb ¯’v‡bi w`‡K avweZ n‡”Q| d‡j nvIi AÂ‡ji
Rxebgv‡b e¨vcK cwieZ©b j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q|
GK mgq nvIi AÂ‡ji mg¯Í kªg grm¨ AvniY I K…wl Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQj|
ZLb †mLv‡b wØgyLx Kg©c×wZ wQj| el©v †g․my‡g grm¨ AvniY Ges ïK‡bv
†g․my‡g K…wlKvR| wKš‘ Rjvk‡qi KZ©„Z¡ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e abxK †kÖwYi nv‡Z P‡j hvevi
ci grm¨Rxexiv Zv‡ì AwaKvi nvwi‡q el©v †g․my‡g cÖvq Kg©nxb _v‡K| Aci
w`‡K †mLvbKvi AwaKvsk Rwg GK dmwj e‡j eQ‡ii wba©vwiZ †g․myg e¨ZxZ
Ab¨ mgq †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv KvRB _v‡K bv| ZvB †mLvbKvi f~wgnxb `wi`ª
Awaevmxiv K…wl †g․myg DËxY© n‡j eva¨ n‡q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †ckv Luy‡R †bq| bZzb
K‡i Luy‡R †bqv †ckvq ¯^v”Q›`¨ †c‡j Zviv Avi c~e© †ckvq wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq bv|
Gfv‡e w`b w`b grm¨Rxex I K…wl kªwgKiv ¯’vbvšÍ‡i myweavgZ †h †Kv‡bv †ckv
wKsev ¯’vbxqfv‡e evwj I cv_i msMÖn, Pzbvcv_i I Kqjv cÖK‡í kªg`vb, wi·v
Pvjbv BZ¨vw` †ckvq †hvM`vb Ki‡Q| d‡j A‡bK GjvKvq GLb K…wl kªwg‡Ki
m¼U †`Lv w`‡”Q| fwel¨‡Z G m¼U Av‡iv Zxeª nevi m¤¢vebv we`¨gvb|
nvI‡ii K…lK
†`‡ki nvIi †Rjv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ K…lK‡ì ai‡bi †¶‡Î h‡_ó cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z
nq| †g․jfxevRvi I wm‡jU †Rjvi †ewkifvM Rwgi gvwjKivB †`‡ki evB‡i
_v‡Kb weavq †mLv‡b eM©v Pvlx‡ìB cÖvavb¨ †ewk| K…wl m¤cÖmviY Awa`ß‡ii
97
evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`bmg~n †_‡K cÖvß Z‡_¨ †`Lv hvq, nvIi GjvKvi †Rjvmg~‡ ni
K…lK‡ì GKUv eo AskB f~wgnxbÑ hv‡ì Rwgi cwigvY 50 kZvs‡ki Kg|
cwimsL¨vb el© MÖš’ 2005 Gi Z_¨ Abyhvqx GLvbKvi 24.65% cwiev‡ii wbR¯^
†Kv‡bv RwgB †bB|
nvIi AÂ‡j wewfbœ GjvKvq RbemwZi BwZnvm †hgb GK bq †Zgwb †mLvbKvi
eë¯’viI wfbœZv we`¨gvb| c„_K c„_K GjvKvi cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx K…wl eë¯’v M‡o
D‡V‡Q| G‡Kev‡i cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k nIqvq mybvgM‡Äi myigv BDwbq‡bi K…wli
mv‡_ Zvwnicyi m`‡ii gvwUqvb nvI‡ii K…wli wgj Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Avevi
wK‡kviM‡Äi nvI‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ GjvKvi nvI‡ii RbemwZi BwZnvm GK bq|
K…l‡Ki ai‡bi †¶‡ÎI nvIi GjvKv •ewP‡Îï `vwe`vi| GLv‡b Aew¯’Z †g․mygx
eM©v K…l‡Ki gZ evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨ GjvKvi K…lK‡ì wgj Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv|
wK‡kviM‡Äi nvIi GjvKvi A‡bK K…l‡Ki †h cwigvY Rwg Av‡Q Zv Zviv
wb‡Riv Pvl Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB cÖwZ eQi †`‡ki Ab¨ GjvKv †_‡K GLv‡b
eM©vPvlxiv G‡m GB mKj Rwg Pvl K‡i| †b․Kvq K‡i GB mKj eM©vPvlxiv
wb‡R‡ì cwievimn nvIi GjvKvq P‡j Av‡m| †g․myg †kl n‡j dm‡ji cÖvc¨
Ask wb‡q Zviv P‡j hvq| wK‡kviM‡Äi wbKwj Dc‡Rjvi weiæwjqv nvI‡i K…wl
†g․my‡g A¯’vqx MÖvg M‡o DV‡ZI †`Lv hvq| GB mg‡q ¯’vqx MÖvg †Q‡o Rwgi
gvwjKiv cwievi cwiRbmn GLv‡b G‡m A¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡i| †g․myg †kl
n‡j Avevi ¯’vqx MÖv‡g wd‡i hvq| †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvi LvwjqvRywii wKZ©b‡Lvjv
nvI‡i cÖwZeQi wRivwZiv Av‡m| GB wRivwZiv nvI‡i Avmvi mgq mv‡_ K‡i
wb‡q Av‡m iæMœ/`ye©j Miæ-QvMj| dmj Avev‡ì cvkvcvwk Mevw`cï Pov‡bvi
KvRI Zviv K‡i| wekvj PviYf~wg‡Z GmKj cï cÖwZcvwjZ n‡q K…l‡Ki m¤ú‡`
cwiewZ©Z nq| my¯’ mej GmKj cï D”P g~‡j¨ wewµi Dc‡hvMx nIqvq K…lKiv
AwaK jvfevb nq|
grm¨Rxex
eZ©gv‡b nvIi GjvKvi wØZxq cÖKvi †ckv n‡”Q grm¨ wkKvi| GK mgq mswkøó
GjvKvi AwaKvsk gvbylB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv fv‡e gvQaiv ev gvQ Pv‡li Kv‡Ri
mv‡_ mswkøó wQj| †m›Uvi di b¨vPvivj wi‡mv‡m©m ÷vwWR (wmGbAviGm) Gi
GK mgx¶vq D‡jøL Av‡Q †h, ïaygvÎ mybvgMÄ †RjvqB 96,174 Rb grm¨Rxex
98
i‡q‡Q| GB wecyj cwigvY gvbyl cÖavbZt grm¨ wkKvi K‡iB Rxeb aviY
Ki‡Zv| BRviv cÖ_v cÖeZ©‡bi ci †_‡K Zviv wewfbœ fv‡e eÂbvi wkKvi n‡”Q|
ej‡Z †M‡j G cÖ_vi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †¶Î m¼zwPZ n‡q c‡o| Av‡Mi
g‡Zv GLb Avi gvQ aivi Db¥y³ RvqMv †bB| ïK‡bv †g․my‡gi mvgvb¨ wKQz
Rjgnvj Zv‡ì gvQ wkKv‡ii Rb¨ Db¥y³ _vK‡jI el©vKv‡j G my‡hvMI Zv‡ì
nvZ Qvov n‡q hvq| ZLb BRviv`viiv BRviv †bqv Rjgnv‡ji Avkcv‡ki e¨vcK
GjvKv wb‡R‡ì wbqš¿‡Y wb‡q †bq| Gme GjvKvq ZLb †Kv‡bv grm¨ wkKvix‡K
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`qv nq bv| Gi d‡j grm¨Rxex m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ w`‡b w`‡b
†eKviZ¡ evo‡Q| d‡j hwÌ Ab¨ †ckvq Zviv ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i bv Zey eva¨
n‡q Zv‡ì‡K Ab¨ †ckv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvi gvb
µgkt wbgœgyLx n‡”Q Ñ †h Kvi‡Y mswkøó GjvKvq AmvgvwRK Kvh©Kjvc e„w×
cv‡”Q|
wKQz msL¨K grm¨Rxex wb‡R‡ì Rvj-†b․Kv _vK‡jI AwaKvs‡ki Zv †bB|
G‡¶‡Î Zviv fvov Kiv Rvj I †b․Kv eënvi K‡i gvQ a‡i| Avevi A‡bK †¶‡Î
`wi`ª †R‡jiv gRyixi wfwË‡Z gvQ aivi KvR K‡i _v‡K| Uv½yqvi nvIi GjvKvq
fvov Kiv †b․Kvq gvQ ai‡j dvêyb-•PÎ gv‡m a„Z gv‡Qi 50% w`‡Z nq †b․Kvi
gvwjK‡K, †c․l-gvN gv‡m G nvi 25% fv‡M †b‡g Av‡m, •Rô¨-fv`ª gv‡m gvQ
aivi Rb¨ fv‡M †b․Kv †`qv nq bv| Gmg‡q w`bcÖwZ †b․Kvi gvwjK‡K w`‡Z nq
300/- UvKv| GjvKv I †g․myg‡f‡` GB nvi Kg‡ekx nq|3
nvIi GjvKvq gvQ aivi miÄvg wn‡m‡e †KvbvRvj, Kv‡i›URvj, cvwURvj,
†eoRvj, †KvwURvj, †VjvRvj, SvwKRvj, gBRvj, •KqvRvj, AvBWv, PvB, wis,
evBQvwb, eowk, †KvP cÖf„wZ eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| FZz‡f‡` GB mg¯Í DcKiY
eënv‡ii cwieZ©b N‡U|
grm¨ I ïUwK eëmvqx
nvIi GjvKvi wKQz gvbyl mve©¶wYKfv‡e grm¨ eëmvi mv‡_ RwoZ Av‡Q| wKQz
†jvK †g․mygwfwËK eëmv‡q RwoZ nq| Giv wb‡Riv gvQ a‡i bv, Zv‡ì
A‡b‡KB grm¨Rxex‡ì KvQ †_‡K A_© `v`b K‡i| Zviv ¯^í g~‡j¨ gvQ µq K‡i
D”P g~‡j¨ weµq K‡i _v‡K| wKQz gvbyl ïUwK gv‡Qi cÖwµqvKiY I eëmvq
RwoZ| Giv mivmwi wkKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K gvQ wK‡b cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i
99
cvBKvi‡ì Kv‡Q weµq K‡i| A‡b‡K Dc‡iv³ cÖwµqvi mKj ¯Í‡iB wewb‡qvM
K‡i jvfevb nq| `wi`ª cwiev‡ii bvix-cyiæl-wkïiv GB mKj ïUwK
cÖwµqvRvZKiY Kvh©µ‡g kªg w`‡q RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
Mevw` cï-cvwL cvjb
Mevw` cï-cvwL cvj‡bi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZKfv‡eB nvIi GjvKvi cwi‡ek AbyKzj|
†mLv‡b i‡q‡Q cÖPzi PviYf~wg I Rjgnvj| Zv‡Z ï®‥ †g․my‡g cÖPzi Nvm R‡b¥|
ZvB PviYf~wg¸‡jv‡Z cvjwfwËK kZ kZ Miæ-gwnl, QvMj-†fov jvjb-cvjb
Kiv nq| Gme cï cvj‡bi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K eû ivLvj| eo eo cïcvj ivLvi
Rb¨ Gme PviYf~wg‡Z evZvb K‡i †bqv nq| Gfv‡e evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z cï cvjb
QvovI GLvbKvi cÖvq mKj †ckvi †jvKRbB evwo‡Z nuvm-gyiwM I cï cvjb
K‡i _v‡K| Kg eqmx evjK-evwjKvivB cï I nuvm-gyiMx cvj‡bi mv‡_ †ewk hy³
_v‡K|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nvIi GjvKvq emevmiZ Avwèvmx cwievi¸‡jvi cÖvq cÖwZwU‡ZB
k~Ki cvjb Kiv nq| k~K‡ii gvsm Zv‡ì gv‡S LyeB RbwcÖq| G¸‡jv wewµ nq
MÖv‡gi Avwèvmx‡ì g‡a¨B| mvaviYZ wµmgvm †W, we‡q I Ab¨vb¨ Avwèvmx
Drm‡e k~K‡ii e¨vcK Pvwn`v †`Lv hvq| A‡bK `~i`~ivšÍ †_‡KI †jvK G‡m
GLvbKvi k~Ki µq K‡i wb‡q hvq|
R¡vjvbx msMÖvnK
nvIivÂ‡ji †hme GjvKvq eb i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b wKQz gvbyl R¡vjvbx msMÖn I weµq
K‡i RxebaviY K‡i| G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q mswkøó GjvKvi `wi`ª evOvwj I
†ÿÎwe‡k‡l Avwèvmx cwievi¸‡jv| H mKj GjvKvi R¡vjvwbi Pvwn`v †gUvq
GivB| Gme R¡vjvwb eëüZ nq ¯’vbxq Pzbvcv_i cÖKí mwbœKUeZ©x AvevwmK
GjvKv, ¯’vbxq MÖvg Ges †nv‡U‡j| hLb msMÖn A‡bK †ewk nq ZLb GjvKvi
evB‡iI Gme R¡vjvwb wewµ nq|
Kqjv kªwgK I eëmvqx
¯’vbxq Kqjv Lwb¸‡jvi †envj `kvq mybvgM‡Äi †U‡KiNv‡U fviZ †_‡K Kqjv
Avg`vwbi GKwU cÖKí cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| wmGbAviGm-Gi GK mgx¶vq cÖvß Z_¨
†_‡K Rvbv hvq, D³ Kqjv Avg`vwb cÖK‡í wecyj cwigvY †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
100
my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b fviZ †_‡K Kqjv Avg`vwb nq| Avg`vwbi KvR ïiæ
n‡q‡Q 15-20 eQi a‡i| mswkøó GjvKvi 60-70 kZvsk †jvK G cÖK‡í
Kg©iZ| kªwgKiv Kqjvi wW‡cv †_‡K f¨v‡b K‡i Kqjvi e¯Ív wb‡q eviwK †b․Kvq
IVvq| eviwK †b․Kv IB me e¯Ív enb K‡i wb‡q hvq Kv‡M©v †ev‡Ui Kv‡Q|
GLvbKvi cÖwZwU Kqjv eëmv‡qi mv‡_ ¯’vbxq I A¯’vbxq Dfq ai‡bi †jvK
wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| `wi`ª GKUv †kÖwY Kqjv Kzwo‡qI wKQz DcvR©b K‡i _v‡K|
el©vKv‡j GLv‡b KvR K‡i cÖvq 600 †_‡K 700 f¨vb Mvwo| cÖwZwU f¨vb Mvwoi
m‡½ _v‡K `yRb K‡i kªwgK| f¨vbevwnZ Kqjv †bevi Rb¨ KvR K‡i ARmª
eviwK †b․Kv| cÖwZwU eviwK †b․Kvq KvR K‡i `yB †_‡K wZb Rb K‡i kªwgK|
Giv QvovI Gme kªwgK‡ì cwienY KvR Z`viwKi Rb¨ KvR K‡i cÖvq
`yB/AvovB kZ Rb m`©vi|
•R¨ô †_‡K fv`ª GB Pvi gvm Kqjv Avni‡Yi mgq| hvZvqvZ I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
Amyweavi Kvi‡Y Kqjv msMÖvnKiv mvaviYZ Zv‡ì evwo †_‡KB Kqjv wewµ
K‡i| cvBKviiv evwo‡Z G‡m Gme msMÖn K‡i| d‡j msMÖvnKiv Lye Kg g~j¨
cvq| Kqjv msMÖvnK bvix-cyiæl-wkïiv evwK AvUgvm Ab¨ KvR K‡i| GKRb
bvix mvivw`b KvR K‡i gvÎ GK gY Kqjv AvniY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Kqjv kª‡gi mv‡_ hy³ kÖwgKiv M¨vw÷ªK Avjmvi, ûwcs Kvwk, h¶v I wewfbœ
ai‡bi Pg©‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ nevi AvksKvi g‡a¨B KvR K‡i| †ivM †`Lv w`‡j Zvi
mwVK wPwKrmvI m¤¢e nq bv| kix‡i †ivM enb K‡iB Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ kªg w`‡q
P‡j|
Pybvcv_i cÖK‡íi kªwgK
QvZK wm‡g›U KviLvbv QvovI G GjvKvq M‡o IVv Av‡iv K‡qKwU wm‡g›U
KviLvbv KuvPvgvj wn‡m‡e †U‡KiNv‡Ui ¯’vbxq Pzbvcv_i eënvi K‡i| m¤úªwZ
GLv‡b Lwb †_‡K Kqjv D‡Ëvjb eÜ K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Pzbvcv_i fviZ †_‡K
Avg`vwb Kiv n‡”Q| G GjvKvi cÖPzi kªwgK wekvj Pzbvcv_i cÖK‡í Kg©iZ
Av‡Q| G GjvKvi Pzbvcv_i cywo‡q Lvevi I eënvi Dc‡hvMx j¶ j¶ Ub Pzb
•Zwi Kiv nq| c~‡e©i Zzjbvq GLb GLv‡b Pz‡bi eëmv A‡bKvs‡k K‡g †M‡jI
GLbI Pzb wk‡íi mv‡_ eû kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q|
101
†gvUimvB‡Kj I wi·v PvjK
nvIi GjvKvi †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v bvRyK Zv mK‡jiB Rvbv| iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui Afv‡e
`~i-`~iv‡šÍ hvZvq‡Zi Rb¨ ïK‡bv †g․my‡g cv‡q nvUv Qvov Dcvq †bB|
GgZe¯’vq `ªæZ hvZvq‡Zi †Kv‡bv m~‡hvMB bvB| ZvB nvIi Aay¨wlZ wKQz wKQz
GjvKvq hvbevnb wn‡m‡e †gvUimvB‡K‡ji eënvi Pvjy nq| eZ©gv‡b GwU ïK‡bv
†g․my‡g nvIi GjvKvi GKgvÎ `ªæZevnb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| †gvUimvB‡K‡j
hvÎxenb Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mvaviYZ hyeKivB hy³ nq| my¯^v‡¯’ï AwaKvix †eKvi
hyeKiv FY wb‡q wKsev cwiev‡ii †Kv‡bv m¤ú` wewµ K‡i cyivZb †gvUimvB‡Kj
wK‡b GB †ckvq hy³ nq| mvaviYZ †hme GjvKvq fv‡jv iv¯ÍvNvU †bB, †mme
GjvKvqB †gvUimvB‡K‡j hvÎxen‡bi cÖeYZv †ewk| Avi iv¯ÍvNvU fv‡jv bq e‡j
GB †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ‡ì Ki‡Z nq K‡Vvi cwikªg| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI hvÎx wb‡q
†gvUimvB‡Kj‡K miæ cv‡q Pjv c_ w`‡q Pj‡Z nq| GRb¨ PvjK‡ì Aek¨B
†P․Km I `¶ n‡Z nq| †gvUimvB‡K‡j mvZ/AvU NÈvi c_ gvÎ `y NÈvq hvIqv
hvq| Aek¨ Gi fvovI wKQzUv †ewk| GRb¨ mvavib m”Qj hvÎxivB G hvbevnb
eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡ìI `vßwiK Kv‡R GB evnb eënvi
Ki‡Z nq| †U‡KiNvU Pzbvcv_i cÖKí †_‡K mybvgMÄ kn‡i Avm‡Z RbcÖwZ
250 †_‡K 300 UvKv fvov ¸Y‡Z nq| G c‡_ cÖvq AvovB kZ †gvUimvB‡Kj
hvÎxen‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ|
†h mg¯Í GjvKvq wKQz wKQz iv¯Ív Av‡Q †m mKj GjvKvq mxwgZ ch©v‡q wi·v
PjvPj K‡i| ¯’vbxq `wi`ª †jvKR‡bi GKUv Ask wi·v Pvwj‡q Rxeb avib K‡i
_v‡K| MÖvgvÂ‡j fv‡jv iv¯ÍvNvU bv _vKvq GB †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ‡ì _vbv †_‡K
†Rjv kn‡i †h‡Z nq| Aek¨ nvIi GjvKvi meKwU _vbv m`‡iI ch©vß iv¯ÍvNvU
†bB| myZivs me _vbvq mgvbfv‡e wi·vi Dcw¯’wZI †bB|
gvwUKvUvi kªwgK
ïK‡bv †g․my‡g hLb †Kv‡bv evua, iv¯ÍvNvU, `vjvb‡KvVv wbwg©Z nq ZLb
mvgwqKfv‡e gvwUKvUv Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m„wó nq| Lye Kg msL¨K cwikªgx I
my¯^v‡¯’i AwaKvix bvix-cyiæl G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nevi AvMÖn †eva K‡i _v‡K|
hvi Ab¨ Dcvq †bB, ZvivB mvaviYZ G †ckv Aej¤^b K‡i| gvwUKvUvi Kv‡R
102
GjvKvi evB‡i †_‡KI wVKv`vi‡ì gva¨‡g A‡bK kªwgK GLv‡b KvR Ki‡Z
Av‡m|
evwj I cv_i kªwgK I eëmvqx
nvIivÂ‡ji wKQz wKQz GjvKvq cvnvo †_‡K †mªv‡Z †f‡m Av‡m wecyj cwigvY
evwj I cv_i| Gme evwj I cv_i b`x I dmwj Rwg‡Z Rgv nq| GB evwj I
cv_i msMÖn GKwU jvfRbK I MwZkxj eëmv| evwj I cv_i msMÖvnK I kªwgK
wn‡m‡e `wi`ª I AwZ`wi`ª †kÖwYi cÖPzi bvix-cyiæl wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q| ¯’vbxq
kªwgK‡ì cvkvcvwk GLv‡b evB‡i †_‡K Avmv kªwgKivI G KvR K‡i _v‡K|
†b․Kvq K‡i b`x †_‡K evwj D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ `yRb K‡i hyeK `j evu‡a| †b․KvwcQz
cÖwZw`b Zviv 140-300 UvKvi evwj AvniY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB UvKv `yR‡bi g‡a¨
mgvb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| †b․Kv mvaviYZ _v‡K Ae¯’vm¤úbœ †jvK‡ì| mvaviY
msMÖvnKiv (eviwK kªwgK) Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K •`wbK fvovi wfwË‡Z wb‡q Av‡m|
mvaviYZ eo eo evwj I cv_i gnvj BRviv`vi, GjvKvi †Pqvig¨vb, kªwgK †bZv
Ges ¯’vbxq gvZeŸi †kÖwYi wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K| GRb¨ `wi`ª msMÖvnK‡ì cÖvqB GB
wbqš¿K †kÖwY‡K †Uvj w`‡Z nq| KL‡bvev G‡ì cywjwk nqivwbiI wkKvi n‡Z
nq e‡j Rvbv hvq| Gme evwj µ‡qi Rb¨ XvKv I Ab¨vb¨ kni †_‡K GLv‡b
A‡bK K‡M©v †b․Kv Av‡m| mybvgM‡Äi iKwZ b`xi evwj we‡klfv‡e fv‡jv nIqvq
GLvbKvi evwji Pvwn`v †ewk| Gme evwj b`x †_‡K DVv‡bvi ci ïwK‡q †M‡j
GKvav‡i wZbevi Pvjybx w`‡q Pvjv nq| gqjv-AveR©bvnxb Gme evwji `vbv c‡i
wewµ Kiv nq `vbv`vi KxUbvkK Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q| evwj Pvjvi
Kv‡R GLv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q GjvKvi `wi`ª bvixiv|
evwji cvkvcvwk †mªv‡Zi mv‡_ wecyj cwigvY bywo Ges †QvU AvKv‡ii †evìviI
cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡ki b`x I Qov¸‡jv‡Z Rgv nq| mvaviY msMÖvnKiv Gme msMÖn
K‡i †Rjvkn‡i G‡b wewµ K‡i| †Rjvkni, we‡kl K‡i mybvgMÄ kni †_‡K
Gme bywo I †evìvi mviv‡`‡k P‡j hvq| bywo I cv_i msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ A‡bK
†¶‡Î mxgvšÍ GjvKvq kªwgK‡ì wbqwgZ Avbv‡Mvbv P‡j| GwU wbqš¿Y K‡i
wewWAvi I Zv‡ì `vjvjiv| GB A‣ea KvRwU‡K •eaZv †èvi k‡Z© wewWAvi
m`mïv A‣bwZKfv‡e †b․KvcÖwZ •`wbK †Uvj Av`vq K‡i _v‡K|
¶z`ª eëmvqx
103
†`‡ki Acivci AÂ‡ji g‡Zv nvIivÂ‡ii RbRxe‡bi mvaviY Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi
R‡bÏ cÖPzi cwigvY ÿz`ª eëmvqx i‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi cÖPzi †jvK ¶z`ª eëmv‡qi
gva¨‡g cwievi-cwiRb wb‡q RxebaviY K‡i| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Av‡Q gyw`
†`vKvb`vwi, cY¨ †dwi, avb wK‡b Pvj evwb‡q wewµ cÖf„wZ| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ †dwi
Kivi eëmvwU A‡bKLvwb †g․mygx|
Dc‡iv³ †ckvi †jvK QvovI mswkøó GjvKvq Drcvw`Z euvk I †e‡Zi m‡½I
Rwo‡q Av‡Q A‡bK gvby‡li Rxeb| hvhvei †kÖwYi wKQz †jvKI nvIi GjvKvq
†`Lv hvq| Giv wewfbœ LyPiv cY¨ wewµ, SvoduyK, mv‡ci †Ljv †`Lv‡bv cÖf„wZi
gva¨‡g RxebaviY K‡i| Avevi GjvKvq hLb KvR _v‡K bv, ZLb `wi`ª I AwZ
`wi`ª cwiev‡ii cyiæl m`mïv Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b Ab¨Î P‡j hvq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
†¶‡Î Aek¨ cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨ wg‡jB Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b Ab¨Î hvq| G ai‡bi
Awfevmb memgq Zv‡ì bv-LvIqv I Ava-†cUv LvIqv Ae¯’v †_‡K
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Lye fv‡jv djvdj bv w`‡jI fv‡jv wKQzi ¯^cœ †`‡L Zviv
wb‡R‡ì emZevwo Z¨vM K‡i hvq| Awfevmx‡ì GKUv Ask cybivq gvovB
†g․my‡g wb‡R‡ì GjvKvq wd‡i Av‡m, GKUv Ask KL‡bvB wd‡i bv| wKQz gvbyl
nvIi I we‡j cÖvß wSbyK †_‡K gy³v Avni‡Yi mv‡_ hy³| ¯’vbxqfv‡e G gy³v‡K
ejv nq myw³| GQvovI Ab¨me GjvKvi g‡Zv Bgvg, cy‡ivwnZ, gywP, Kvgvi,
Kz‡gvi, bvwcZ cÖf„wZ bvbv †ckv Aej¤^bKvix †jvKI i‡q‡Q nvIi GjvKvq|
mvwe©K A_©‣bwZK Ae¯’v
nvIi GjvKvi A_©‣bwZK Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq †`Lv hvq, abx †_‡K nZ`wi`ª Z_v
me ai‡bi †jvKB evm K‡i| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ nZ`wi`ª‡ì msL¨vB †ewk| nZ`wi‡`ªi
KvQvKvwQ msL¨vq i‡q‡Q `wi`ªiv| Avevi abx I ga¨weË †kÖwYi g‡a¨ abx
cwiev‡ii msL¨v ga¨weË cwiev‡ii Zzjbvq A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk|
nvIivÂ‡ji AwaKvsk cwieviB K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj| A_P Zv‡ì Lye Kg
N‡iB •PÎgv‡m Lvevi Pvj _v‡K| •PÎgvm Z_v avb gvovB‡qi wVK Av‡Mi GB
mgqwU‡Z nvIi GjvKvq ÔKvZ&Õ ev `viæY AvKvj (Afve) †`Lv †`q| GB KvZ&
Ges eb¨vRwbZ cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mvaviY †jvKR‡bi Rxeb-hvcb A‡bKLvwb
e`‡j hvq| †eu‡P _vKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b Gmgq GjvKvevmx †ckv e`j Ki‡Z eva¨
nq| `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jv Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b mvgwqKfv‡e Ab¨Î Mgb K‡i| cÖwZ‡ejvq
104
M„nxZ Lv‡`ï cwigvY Kgvq Ges GKevi LvIqv †_‡K Av‡iKevi LvIqvi `~iZ¡
evwo‡q †`q| nuvmgyiwM, Mevw`cï, AvmevecÎ, Mnbv, Rwg BZ¨vw` m¤ú` wewµ
K‡i| Ae¯’vi †cÖwÿ‡Z Zviv cÖwZ‡ewk, ¯^Rb-cwiRb ev `v`b`vi‡ì Kv‡Q
bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ AvMvg dmj wewµ K‡i _v‡K|
`wi`ª I nZ`wi`ª †kÖwYi †jv‡Kiv c×wZMZ Kvi‡Y eÜK †èvi gZ m¤ú` bv
_vKvq e¨vsK †_‡K ¯^ímy‡` FY cvevi my‡hvM cvq bv| ZvB eva¨ n‡q gnvR‡bi
KvQ †_‡K Pov my‡` FY MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Aek¨ Gme GjvKvq GbwRIi ¶z`ªFY
Kvh©µ‡gi myev‡` Zviv wKQz wKQz FY myweav †c‡q _v‡K| Z‡e hvZvqvZ mgm¨v,
wbivcËv I Ab¨vb¨ Amyweavi Kvi‡Y nvIi GjvKvq e¨vcKfv‡e GbwRI Kvh©µg
m¤úªmvwiZ n‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
nvI‡ii K…wlRwgi AwaKvskB GK dmwj| Lye Aí Ask `yB dmwj| wZb dmwj
Rwg nvIivÂ‡j LyeB Kg| GK dmwj AwaKvsk Rwg eQ‡ii cÖvq Qq/mvZ gvm
_v‡K cvwbi wb‡P| evwK mg‡qi g‡a¨B av‡bi Pvlvev‡ì mg¯Í KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z
nq| wKš‘ cÖwZeQiB cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y Pvl Kiv dmj bó n‡q hvq|
†h‡nZz AwaKvsk nvIievmx GKwU gvÎ dm‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj, myZivs †h eQi
GB dmjwUI ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq †m eQi †MvUv GjvKv‡ZB ÔKvZ&Õ †`Lv †`q| KviY
eb¨vRwbZ km¨nvwb †Kej K…l‡KiB ¶wZ K‡i bv, Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wecyj
msL¨K kªgRxex, w`bgRyi, eM©vPvlxI ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq| cÖavb †µZv K…lK m¤cÖ`vq
¶wZMÖ¯’ nq e‡j ¶wZi wkKvi nq mvaviY eëmvqxivI| nvIievmxi mvgwMÖK
A_©‣bwZK Ae¯’vi fv‡jvg›` wbf©i K‡i cÖK…wZi †LqvjLywki Ici| †h eQi
cÖK…wZ AbyKz‡j _v‡K †m eQi AwaKvsk gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡b GKwU ¯^vfvweK Q›`
_v‡K| cÖK…wZi cªwZKzj AvPiY GjvKvi msL¨vMwiô gvbyl‡KB wbt¯^ K‡i †`q|
¶wZi gvÎv GgbB Zxeª nq †h, †h‡Kv‡bv GK eQ‡ii ¶wZ cywl‡q wb‡Z cieZ©x
GK eQiB h‡_ó nq bv|
mnvqK m~Î:
1. evsjvwcwWqv, GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU evsjv‡`k|
2. nvIi, cÖ_g RvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jb cÖKvkbv 2008| c„ôv / 37|
3. nvIi R‡j fvmv Rbc`| c„ôv / 11|
4. evsjvwcwWqv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU (nweM‡Äi Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb)|
105
cÂg Aa¨vq
nvIi GjvKvi wk¶v
†UKmB Dbœq‡bi g~‡j i‡q‡Q wkÿv, mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv, `ÿZv, ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZbZv
BZ¨vw`| Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mve©Rbxb gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv| cÖv_wgK wkÿv nj
RvZxq wkÿveë¯’vi ¯Í¤¢ ¯îƒc| Gi Ici wfwË K‡iB RvZxq wkÿveë¯’v‡K
`vov‡Z nq| Av`k© wkÿv we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡gB µgea©gvb RbmsL¨v‡K Rbm¤ú‡`
cwiYZ Kiv m¤¢e| GB wkÿv wkïi Ggb GKwU AwaKvi hv wkïi cieZ©x
Rxe‡bi Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡‡eva‡K RvMÖZ K‡i| gvbm¤§Z wkÿvi c~e©kZ©
nj mKj wkkyi Rb¨ wkÿvi ch©vß my‡hvM m„wó Kiv| G e¨vcv‡i m¤úªwZ
†`ke¨vcx GKwU Kg©hÁ m„wói AvjvgZ cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv †M‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki
nvIivÂ‡j Gi cÖwZdjb KZUzKz Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv GKvšÍ Avek¨K|
cwi‡ekMZ Kvi‡YB nvIivÂ‡ji wkÿv cwiw¯’wZ LyeB bvRyK| GjvKvi f~-
cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’v, wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v, cÖwZôv‡bi AeKvVv‡gv, wk¶v`vZv, wk¶v
MÖnxZv, wk¶vi gvb BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y GB Ae¯’v weivRgvb| RvZxq RbmsL¨v
M‡elYv Ges cÖwk¶Y Bbw÷wUDU (wb‡cvU©) Gi A‡±vei 2004 Gi Kiv Rwic
Abyhvqx, nvIi Aay¨wlZ wm‡jU wefv‡M cÖv_wgK I D”P gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii †jLvcov
m¤úbœKvix wk¶v_©xi nvi †`‡ki Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv GjvKvi †P‡q Kg| GLv‡b gvÎ
44.2 kZvsk wkï ¯‥z‡ji cÖv_wgK ¯Íi AwZµg K‡i, Avi gva¨wgK ¯Íi AwZµg
K‡i gvÎ 36.1 kZvsk| wecixZ c‡¶ Lyjbv wefv‡M cÖv_wgK ¯Íi AwZµgKvix
wkïi msL¨v 59.5 kZvsk Avi PÆMÖvg wefv‡M cÖv_wgK ¯Íi AwZµgKvixi msL¨v
55.9 kZvsk| mybvgMÄ †Rjvq Kg©iZ cÖwZôvb wkï AwaKvi ev¯Íevqb msm`
(wµm) Gi g‡Z, IB †Rjvi cÖv_wgK wk¶vi ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ bv nIqvi
AšÍwb©wnZ KviY¸‡jv n‡jv: GjvKvi †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’v, wk¶K msKU, wk¶K
c‡` cÖv_©xi AcÖvc¨Zv, AbybœZ †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v, eb¨v I e„wói AvwaK¨,
AwffveK‡ì Kv‡R wkï‡ì mn‡hvwMZv Kivi cÖeYZv, wk¶K I QvÎQvÎxi
AbycvZ, wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi ¯^íZv, wk¶K‡ì †eZb I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hv‡M •elg¨,
wk¶v Kg©KZ©vi ¯^íZv, Dce„wË m¤ú‡K© AwffveK‡ì g‡a¨ åvšÍ aviYv, wkïkª‡gi
106
cÖeYZv BZ¨vw`| G ZvwjKv nvIify³ meKwU GjvKvi †¶‡ÎB Kg‡ewk cÖ‡hvR¨|
Gi m‡½ mswkøó wefvMmg~‡ni Kg©Kv‡Û duvwK †èvi cÖeYZv, †U·UeyK †evW© I
wk¶vi mv‡_ mswkøó wefvMmg~‡ni Kg©Kv‡Û wX‡jwg (mgqg‡Zv cvV¨cy¯ÍK bv
†cu․Qv, wbqwgZ I mgqg‡Zv wk¶K‡ì †eZb bv nIqv BZ¨vw`) Ges GjvKvi
Awaevmx‡ì A_©‡bwZK `~ie¯’vI nvIi GjvKvi wk¶v cwi¯’wZi GB †kvPbxq
Ae¯’vi R‡b¨ A‡bKLvwb `vqx|
nvIi †ewóZ MÖv‡gi †ewkifvM wkï‡ì evwo‡Z †jLvcovi †Kv‡bv cwi‡ek †bB|
A‡bK cwiev‡i wkï‡ì evwo‡Z cov‡jLvi Rb¨ b~b¨Zg †f․Z myweavI †bB|
cov‡jLv, Nygv‡bvmn cwiev‡ii me KvR GKB N‡i nq| Avevi KvD‡K A‡bï
evwo‡Z wM‡q co‡Z nq| GKB weQvbvq eB LvZv ivLv, cov-†jLv Kiv, evev-gv,
fvB-†evbmn Nygv‡bv nvIi GjvKvi ¯^vfvweK wPÎ| Gi mv‡_ †hvM nq Av‡jvi
mgm¨v| ZvB cÖvqk †jLvcov Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì mv‡_ co–qv
QvÎwU‡KI Nywg‡q co‡Z nq| el©vKv‡j Ges Soe„wói mg‡q G mgm¨v Av‡iv Zxeª
n‡q †`Lv †`q| ZvQvov nvIi GjvKvi evwoN‡i RbmsL¨vi Pvc †ewk nIqvq
†mLv‡b SMov-weev` †j‡MB _v‡K| †m Kvi‡YI †jLvcovq weNœ m„wó nq|
wkÿK ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y nvIi AÂ‡ji cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z `xN©w`b a‡i gvÎ
GK/`yBRb wk¶K `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb| MZ 2000 mvj †_‡K GjvKvi
¯‥zjmg~‡n †ek wKQz wk¶K wb‡qvM m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡ì Dcw¯’wZi nvi
eiveiB AZ¨šÍ bMb¨| eZ©gv‡b nvIi GjvKvq we`¨vj‡qi msL¨vI A‡bKvs‡k
†e‡o‡Q| wKš‘ wk¶vi gv‡bi †Kv‡bvB †ni‡di nqwb| †mLvbKvi A‡bK wk¶‡Ki
g‡a¨ gv‡mi †k‡l GK/`Õyw`b ¯‥z‡j wM‡q LvZvq ¯^v¶i K‡i †eZb Rv‡qR K‡i
Avmvi †iIqvR cÖPwjZ|
nvIi GjvKvi abx cwievi¸‡jv Zv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì mevB‡KB ¯‥z‡j cvVv‡Z
†Póv K‡i| †KD †KD †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì gva¨wgK ¯‥z‡jI cvVvq, wKš‘ Zviv wk¶v
mgvß bv-K‡iB GK mgq K…wlKv‡Ri †`Lv‡kvbvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡q hvq|
wmGbAviGm-Gi mgx¶v Abyhvqx, mybvgMÄ †Rjvi RvgvjMÄ, wek¦¤¢icyi I
Zvwnicyi GjvKvi abx cwievi¸‡jvi cÖvq 60 kZvs‡ki ¯^v¶iÁvb Av‡Q|
GLvbKvi ga¨weË‡ì gvÎ 35 kZvs‡ki ¯^v¶iÁvb Av‡Q| Zv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡qiv
cÖv_wgK wk¶v †bq wKš‘ nvB¯‥z‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv| `wi`ª‡ì 20 kZvsk †Q‡j‡g‡q
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q hvq wKš‘ Zviv GB cvV PzKv‡Z bv-†c‡i •cwÎK cš’v †eu‡P
107
†bq| Avi AwZ `wi`ª‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡qiv ¯‥z‡j hvq cÖavbZ ÔdzW di A¨vWy‡KkbÕ
cÖK‡íi Mg cvevi Avkvq| Ggwb‡ZB ¯‥z‡j wk¶‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ _v‡K bMb¨| GB
cÖKí Pvjy nevi ci †_‡K huviv Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb memgq e¨¯Í
_v‡Kb Mg eÈb Kivi Kv‡R|
wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvi gva¨‡gI nvIivÂ‡ji wkÿv msµvšÍ Aeë¯’vi Z_¨ Rvbv
hvq| ÔnvIivÂ‡j cÖv_wgK wk¶vi †envj Ae¯’vÕ kxl©K •`wbK msev‡` cÖKvwkZ
GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b †_‡K Rvbv hvq, cÖwZ‡e`K wK‡kviM‡Äi wgVvgBb Dc‡Rjvq
wM‡q †mLvbKvi 20wU we`¨vjq eÜ †`L‡Z cvb| G mgq A‡bK we`¨vj‡qi gv‡V
QvÎQvÎx‡ì †`Lv †M‡jI we`¨vj‡q wQj wk¶‡Ki Abycw¯’wZ| m~Î g‡Z, Z`viwK
†bB e‡j AwaKvsk wk¶KB w`‡bi ci w`b ¯‥z‡j Abycw¯’Z _v‡Kb| d‡j
AwaKvsk we`¨vj‡qB wbqwgZ K¬vm nq bv| A‡bK we`¨vj‡qi ìRvB †Lvjv nq
bv| †Q‡j‡g‡qiv ¯‥z‡ji eviv›`vq e‡m †_‡K I wKQz¶Y gv‡V †Ljvayjv K‡i evwo
P‡j hvq| Rvbv hvq, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we`¨vj‡q wk¶Kiv cvjv K‡i ¯‥z‡j Av‡mb|
`ycy‡ii ci GLvbKvi †Kv‡bv ¯‥z‡jB K¬vm nq bv| GLvbKvi AwaKvsk ¯‥zjwk¶K
wk¶KZvi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ Av‡iv †ckv Aej¤^b K‡i _v‡Kb| Rvbv hvq,
†mLvbKvi GKRb wk¶K mve-†iwRw÷ª Awd‡m `wjj †jL‡Ki KvR K‡ib,
GKRb wgVvgBb evRv‡i wPwKrmv †K›`ª Ly‡j e‡m‡Qb| H mKj GjvKvq Ggb
wPÎI aiv c‡o †h, wkÿK Av‡Q A_P QvÎ †bB wKsev QvÎ Av‡Q Ñ †Kv‡bv
wk¶KB †bB|
gvaecyi Dc‡Rjvi R‣bK cÖv_wgK wkÿK e`jx n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb jvLvB
Dc‡Rjvi nvIi AÂj K…òcyi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q| we`¨vjqwU wn›`y AaÿwlZ Ges
GKwU †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ GjvKvq Aew¯’Z| mswkøó wkÿ‡Ki Avw_©K Ae¯’v m”Qj
Ges MÖvg¨ wePvi-mvwj‡ki mv‡_ RwoZ _vKvq †ckvi cÖwZ Zvi †Zgb AvšÍwiKZv
wQj bv| g~jZ G R‡b¨B Zv‡K wfbœ Dc‡Rjvq e`jx Kiv nq| wKš‘ e`jxi ci
GjvKvq Zv‡K gvmLv‡bK †`Lv bv †M‡jI Gi c‡i mve©ÿwYK Zvi Dcw¯’wZ
cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv †h‡Zv| cÖvq GK ermi wZwb evwo‡Z e‡mB †eZb-fvZv MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| G e¨vcv‡i Zvi cÖwZwµqv Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wZwb AZ¨šÍ M‡e©i mv‡_ jvLvB
Dc‡Rjvi ZrKvjxb wkÿv Awdmv‡ii cÖksmv K‡i ej‡Zb: ÔRxe‡b A‡bK wUBI-
Gi Aax‡b PvKzix K‡iwQ wKš‘ nvj`vi eveyi g‡Zv fv‡jv gvbyl Avi cvB bvB|
nvj`vi evey GK`g †mvbvi gvbyl| gvÎ `yB e¯Ív AvZc PvDj Zvi evmvq w`‡q
108
cy‡iv GK eQi PvKzix K‡iwQ, wKš‘ †Kv‡bvw`b ¯‥z‡j †h‡Z nqwb| gvm †k‡l ïay
`yB †KwR wgwó Zvi evmvq w`‡q Awdm †_‡K †eZbUv wb‡q G‡mwQ|Õ
A¨vKkb-GBW evsjv‡`‡ki mnvqZvq mybvgMÄ wkï AwaKvi ev¯Íevqb msm`
(wµm) Av‡qvwRZ GK Kg©kvjvq †m †Rjvi cÖv_wgK wk¶vi †h KiæY wPÎ dz‡U
I‡V Zv‡Z †`Lv hvq, †Rjvi wk¶vi nvi gvÎ 27 kZvsk| G †Rjvi 856wU
miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi 2 nvRvi 976wU Aby‡gvw`Z c‡ì g‡a¨ cÖavb
wk¶‡Ki 72wU, mnKvix wk¶‡Ki 424wU c` k~b¨ Av‡Q| GQvov 10wU Dc‡Rjvi
6wU‡Z Dc‡Rjv wk¶v Kg©KZ©vi Ges 45 Rb mnKvix wk¶v Kg©KZ©vi c‡ì g‡a¨
24wU k~b¨| Ab¨w`‡K †Rjvi 6 †_‡K 10 eQ‡ii 7 jvL wkïi g‡a¨ 1 jvLvB
¯‥z‡j hvq bv| Kg©kvjvm~‡Î Rvbv hvq, †emiKvwifv‡e cwiPvwjZ 60wU cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjqI 2004 †_‡K eÜ n‡q hvq| GQvov 443 wU †iwR÷vW© cÖv_wgK
we`¨vj‡qi Ae¯’vI fv‡jv bq| KvM‡R Kj‡g Gi cÖwZwU‡Z 150 Rb K‡i
QvÎQvÎx †`Lv‡bv n‡jI Gi g‡a¨ 200wUiB cÖK…Z wPÎ Lye Lvivc| †m mg‡q
mybvgM‡Äi cÖvBgvwi †Uªwbs BÝwUwUD‡U 12 Rb cÖwk¶‡Ki g‡a¨ wQ‡jb gvÎ 3
Rb|
nvIivÂ‡ji Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb cÖwZeÜKZv
n‡jv gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Afve| †mLvbKvi wkÿvi nvi I gvb
nZvkve¨ÄK| wkÿvi wbgœ nv‡ii Rb¨ †mLvbKvi gvby‡liv `vwi‡`ªi Kej †_‡K
†ewi‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡Q bv| wkÿvi m~‡hv‡Mi Afve I `vwi‡`ªi Rb¨ Zviv `vqx K‡i
fvM¨‡K| GB AÂ‡ji A‡bK wkï cÖv_wgK wkÿvi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ | Avevi
†h mKj wkï cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q hv‡”Q, ZvivI gvbm¤§Z wkÿv cv‡”Q bv| KviY
wkÿ‡Ki Afve I Zv‡ì Ag‡bv‡hvwMZv QvovI we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡qvRbgZ †kYxKÿ,
AvmevecÎ Ges Ab¨vb¨ wkÿv DcKiY †bB| †Kv‡bv ermiB nvIivÂ‡ji wkïiv
mgqg‡Zv cvV¨cy¯ÍK nv‡Z cvq bv|
el©vi mg‡q nvIi GjvKvq †hvMv‡hvM mgm¨v gvivZ¥K AvKvi avib K‡i| †b․Kv
Qvov we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| AwaKvsk cwieviB `wi`ª nIqvq
Zv‡ì †b․Kv †bB| hv‡ì †b․Kv Av‡Q Zviv gvQ aiv ev cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R
†b․Kv eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y ¯‥z‡j mgq w`‡Z cv‡i bv| G Qvov H mg¯Í GjvKvi
AwffveKiv Avdv‡ji f‡q wkï‡ì wb‡q †ei n‡Z AvMÖn †eva K‡i bv| avb
KvUvi †g․my‡g GjvKvq kªwg‡Ki Afve †`Lv †`q| d‡j A‡bK †ewk gRywi w`‡Z
109
nq| A‡bK mgq AwZwi³ gRywi w`‡qI †jvK cvIqv hvq bv| †mLvbKvi cÖvq 60
fvM K…l‡Ki AwZwi³ Li‡Pi mvg_© _v‡K bv| ZvB eva¨ n‡q †m mg‡q
wkï‡ì‡KI Kv‡R Rwo‡q co‡Z nq| `wi`ª cwiev‡ii wkïiv gv‡V avb Kzovq|
G mg¯Í Kvi‡Y G mg‡q we`¨vj‡q QvÎ‡ì Dcw¯’wZ gvivZ¥Kfv‡e n«vm cvq| d‡j
wkï‡ì cov‡jLvq avivevwnKZv _v‡K bv| wm‡jevm †kl nq bv weavq A‡b‡KB
cixÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i bv| Gfv‡eB wkïiv wkÿv½b †_‡K S‡o c‡o|
mnvqK m~Î:
1. evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb c‡KU eB 2002|
2. nvIi R‡j fvmv Rbc` / Bbw÷wUDU di Gbfvqib‡g›U A¨vÛ †W‡fjc‡g›U|
110
lô Aa¨vq
nvIi GjvKvi ¯^v¯’¨ I cqtcwiw¯’wZ
†hvMv‡hvM mgm¨v LyeB Zxeª nIqvq nvIivÂ‡ji ¯^v¯’¨ I cqtwb¯‥vkb cwiw¯’wZ

LyeB Kiæb| GL‡bv ch©šÍ G AÂ‡ji †ewkifvM gvbyl kvixwiK-gvbwmK †h‡Kv‡bv
wPwKrmvi cÖ‡qvR‡b ISv-KweivR-Bgvg mv‡n‡ei Svo-duy‡Ki Ici wbf©i K‡i|
AvaywbK ¯^v¯’¨myweavi AcÖZyjZvi Kvi‡YB †mLvbKvi Awaevmxiv GB eë¯’vi
gy‡LvgyLx n‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| GB AcÖZyjZv miKvwi-†emiKvix Dfq ch©v‡qB|
†Kv‡bv cÖKvi weKí bv _vKvq ISv-KweivR-Bgvg mv‡neiv nb mvaviYZ me©‡ivM
wbivgqKvix| †h‡Kv‡bv RwUj †iv‡MI †jvKRb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hvq Ges ZvivI
wbtm‡¼v‡P Zvi wPwKrmvi fvi wb‡q _v‡Kb| we‡klZ wbD‡gvwbqv, UvBd‡qW,
Wvqv‡ewUm, nuvcvwb, RwÛm, c¨vivjvBwmm cÖf„wZ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv Zviv †ewk K‡i
_v‡Kb| RwUj †ivMx‡ì wPwKrmvq KweivRiv wR‡bi mnvqZv †bb e‡j Kw_Z
Av‡Q| A‡b‡K Avevi Ava¨vwZ¡K kw³e‡j Gme †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv K‡ib e‡j `vwe
K‡ib| hviv Suvi-duy‡Ki Ici Av¯’v Avb‡Z cv‡i bv, Zviv H mKj GjvKvq
GgweweGm Wv³v‡ii Afv‡e ¯’vbxq evRv‡i Aew¯’Z †nvwgI ev G‡jvc¨vw_K
Ily‡ai †`vKvb †_‡K †`vKvwbi eë¯’vcÎ AbyhvqxB Ilya †meb K‡i _v‡K|
nvIivÂ‡ji gvby‡liv cÖavbZ Bbd¬z‡qÄv, UvBd‡qW, g¨v‡jwiqv (cvnv‡oi
KvQvKvwQ GjvKvq wbqwgZ †`Lv hvq), RjemšÍ, Wvqwiqv, h¶èv, RwÛm, K¨vÝvi,
M¨vw÷ªK, Avjmvi, c¨vivjvBwmmmn wewfbœ ai‡bi Pg©‡ivM AvµvšÍ n‡q _v‡K|
nvIivÂ‡ji gvby‡li Mo Avqy †`‡ki mvaviY Mo Avqyi PvB‡Z Kg e‡j GKwU
Rwi‡c cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Zv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, †ivM‡kvK, Lv`¨ ¯^íZv, cÖvK…wZK
cÖwZKzjZv I cÖwZwbqZ wewfbœ •el‡gï wkKvi nevi Kvi‡Y nvIi GjvKvi
gvby‡li Ici †h †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o, Zv-B Zv‡ì Avqy K‡g hvevi KviY|
Abyiƒc GKwU mgx¶v wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q weªwUk †gwWK¨vj Rvb©v‡j|
Ô¯^v¯’¨myweav mgZvq wj‡½i f~wgKv t `w¶Y Gkxq †cÖ¶vcUÕ kxl©K GB mgx¶vq
111
ejv n‡q‡Q, cÖwZwbqZ •el‡gï wkKvi nevi Kvi‡Y `w¶Y Gwkqvi bvix‡ì Avqy
K‡g hv‡”Q|
†g․myg‡f‡` nvIi GjvKvi wPÎ cvëvq| el©vKv‡j wecyjvqZb nvI‡ii ¯^vfvweK
cwi‡ek e`‡j hvq| Gmgq cøve‡bi cvwb wgwkªZ n‡q Lvevi cvwb `~wlZ n‡q
†M‡j cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cvq| Zv‡Z cvK¯’jx I Lv`¨bvwji msµgY,
Wvqwiqv BZ¨vw` †`Lv †`q| Gm‡ei m‡½ hLb cywó Pvwn`vi jvMvZvi NvUwZ
Pj‡Z _v‡K A_P cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv Kiv‡bv m¤¢e nq bv ZLb wkï g„Zzï nvi
gvÎvwZwi³ iKg †e‡o hvq|
miKvwi nvmcvZvj wbKmg~‡ni Aeë¯’vcbvi ìæY G AÂ‡ji gvby‡li `yM©wZi
AšÍ _v‡K bv| Dc‡Rjv mì nvmcvZvj¸‡jvi †Kv‡bvwU‡ZB Kg©iZ mKj
wPwKrmK‡K GK m‡½ Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| KL‡bv KL‡bv GKRb
wPwKrmKI nvmcvZv‡j Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb bv| Zv‡ì e`‡j eë¯’vcÎ †`b
K¤úvDÛvi ev †nj_ †UK‡bv‡jvwRóiv| m½Z Kvi‡YB G‡ì wPwKrmv‡mevi gvb
wb‡q cÖkœ †Zvjvi AeKvk i‡q‡Q| A‡bK mgq Wv³vi‡ìI wPwKrmvi e¨vcv‡i
AvšÍwiKZvi Afve jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z miKvwi JlacÎ mieivn
Kiv nq e‡jI †Zgb †Kv‡bv cÖgvY cvIqv hvq bv| mvaviY gvby‡liv we`¨gvb
hvZvqvZ mgm¨v‡K D‡cÿv K‡i A‡bK Kó ¯^xKvi K‡i `xN© mgq I †gvUv As‡Ki
A_© LiP K‡iI Dc‡Rjv m`‡ii Gme nvmcZv‡j G‡m Avkvbyiƒc wPwKrmv cvq
bv| ZvB Zviv wPwKrmvi Rb¨ H mKj nvmcvZv‡j bv Avmv‡KB eis jvfRbK
g‡b K‡i| Aek¨ el©vKv‡j cÖZ¨šÍ MÖvg †_‡K fq¼i ÔAvdvjÕ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i H
mKj nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z hvevi DcvqI _v‡K bv| ZvB eva¨ n‡q †ivMx I Zvi
¯^Rb-cwiRbiv Qz‡Ub ¯’vbxq KweivR ev nvZz‡o Wv³vi‡ì Kv‡Q, ¯^í Li‡P `ªæZ
wPwKrmv jv‡fi Avkvq| A¨vKkbGBW evsjv‡`k-Gi GKwU mgx¶K `j
wek¦¤¢icyi Dc‡Rjvi cjvk BDwbq‡b GK mgx¶v Pvjv‡Z wM‡q ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’v
msµvšÍ GB wP‡Îi cÖgvY cvb| mswkøó mgx¶K `j Rvbvb, †mLv‡b cixbM‡ii
wbK‡U Rj‡ewóZ GKwU wew”Qbœ ¯’v‡b GKwU m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK _vK‡jI †mwU
KL‡bvB Kvh©Ki nqwb| †mLvbKvi Awaevmxiv ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii Wv³vi‡ì KvQ
†_‡K UvKv w`‡q wPwKrmv †mev †bq| GLvbKvi Ab¨vb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ myweav cvIqv hvq
Jl‡ai †`vKvb, †nvwgIc¨vw_K Wv³vi, KweivR, Bgvg cÖf„wZ Drm †_‡K| Aek¨
Ae¯’v RwUj n‡q †M‡j †jvKRb †ivMx wb‡q Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø· A_ev †Rjv
112
mì nvmcvZv‡j hvq| wek¦¤¢icyi _vbv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø·wU †ek mvRv‡bv †MvQv‡bv
n‡jI Jla I Wv³v‡ii `y®cÖvc¨Zvi Kvi‡Y †mLv‡bI †mev mnRjf¨ bq|
nvIivÂ‡ji Dc‡Rjv mì nvmcvZvj¸‡jvi g‡Zv BDwbqb ch©v‡qi cwievi
Kj¨vY †K›`ª¸‡jvi Ae¯’vI GKB iKg| cÖvq cÖwZwU †K‡›`ªB gv‡mi AwaKvsk
mgq Zvjv Szj‡Z †`Lv hvq| civgk© I JlacÎ cvIqv †Zv `~‡ii K_v, nvIi
AÂ‡ji Lye Kg `¤úwZB Gme †K‡›`ªi Kg©x‡ì ¯^P‡¶ †`‡L‡Qb| cwievi Kj¨vY
†K›`ª¸‡jvi GB Ae¯’v †`Lvi R‡b¨ †hb GLv‡b †KD †bB| Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi
†hme Kg©KZ©vi Ici G‡ì †`Lvïbv Kivi fvi Awc©Z, Zviv wb‡RivB gv‡mi
†ekxifvM mgq Kg©¯’‡j Abycw¯’Z _v‡Kb| mswkøó nvmcvZvj I wK¬wb‡Ki gva¨‡g
RbM‡Yi †Kv‡bv Kj¨vY †nvK ev bv †nvK, †ivMxiv GLv‡b AvmyK ev bv AvmyK,
cÖwZ nvmcvZv‡j I †K‡›`ªi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z miKvwi JlacÎ h_vmg‡qB
miKv‡ii fvÐvi †_‡K †ei n‡q hvq| c‡i Gme Jlac‡Îi 80 fvMB cÖvB‡fU
wK¬wbK ev Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b P‡j hvq| cÎcwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Z_¨ g‡Z, Jla
jyUZiv‡Ri G wPÎ miKvwi cÖvq mKj nvmcvZv‡jiB mvaviY wPÎ n‡jI
nvIivÂ‡ji wPÎ Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji †P‡q KiæY|
GgweweGm cvm Kiv Wv³viMY Gme GjvKvq †h‡Z m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AbvMÖnx nIqvq
Gmg¯Í GjvKvq †emiKvwi wPwKrmv myweaviI m~‡hvM bvB ej‡jB P‡j|
†emiKvix Dbœqb cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni c‡¶I †m Kvi‡Y ¯^v¯’¨ welqK m‡PZbZv m„wó I
cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Qvov evowZ †mev cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|
nvIivÂ‡j †Kv‡bv cÖwk¶YcÖvß avÎx †bB| cÖwZwU GjvKvqB eq¯‥ GK ev
GKvwaK gwnjv c~e©myix‡ì KvQ †_‡K avÎxwe`¨vi wbqgKvbyb wk‡L webv
cvwikªwg‡K †mLvbKvi gv‡q‡ì mšÍvb cÖme K‡i _v‡Kb| G mKj avÎxMY‡K
mswkøó cwievi †_‡K Drme-cve©‡Y kvwo ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dcnvi mvgMÖx †Ìqv
n‡q _v‡K| abx, ga¨weË, `wi`ª I AwZ `wi`ª me ai‡bi cwiev‡ii gv‡q‡ìB
mšÍvb cÖme nq G‡ì nv‡Z| Z‡e ¯^”Qj cwiev‡ii gv‡q‡ì cÖme mgm¨vi
m¤¢vebv †`Lv w`‡j wbKU¯’ Dc‡Rjv ev †Rjv m`‡i wb‡q hvIqv nq| cÖm‡ei
mgq `¶ avÎx‡mev cvb wm‡jU wefv‡Mi gvÎ 8.3 kZvsk gwnjv| A¯^”Qj‡ì
c‡¶ †mUv m¤¢e nq bv| ZLb gv A_ev wkï wKsev Df‡qiB g„Zz¨ Awbevh© n‡q
c‡o| RvZxq RbmsL¨v M‡elYv I cÖwk¶Y Bbw÷wUDU (wb‡cvU©)-Gi A‡±vei,
2004 G AbywôZ Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, wm‡j‡U cÖwZ GK nvRvi RxweZ cÖm‡ei
113
†¶‡Î 110wU wkï gviv hvq| nvIivÂ‡j wkïg„Zzï GB D”Pnv‡ii GKwU cÖavb
KviY GLvbKvi gv‡q‡ì Nb Nb Mf©aviY| myÎ Rvbvq, †`‡k MZ 9 eQi a‡i
m¶g bvix‡ì †gvU mšÍvb avi‡Yi nvi (†UvUvj dvwU©wjwU †iU ev wUGdAvi) 3.3
G AvU‡K wQj| Gmgq wm‡j‡U wUGdAvi wQj 4 Gi Dc‡i| GB Rwi‡c †`Lv
hvq, mviv‡`‡ki wUGdAvi hLb gvÎ 3-G †b‡g G‡m‡Q, ZLb wm‡jU wefv‡M GB
nvi †e‡o ùvwo‡q‡Q 4.2| Zb¥‡a¨ mybvgMÄ †Rjvq GB nvi me‡P‡q †ewk|
RvZxq RbmsL¨v M‡elYv I cÖwk¶Y Bbw÷wUD‡Ui GB wi‡cv‡U© Rvbv hvq, wm‡jU
wefv‡Mi †Rjv¸‡jvq gvÎ 28.1 fvM m¶g bvix Rb¥wbqš¿b c×wZ eënvi K‡i|
Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kg©m~Pxi GB Amvd‡jï KviY G GjvKvi †f․‡MvwjK I Av_©-
mvgvwRK Ae¯’v, wk¶v¯^íZv, gvÎvwZwi³ Kzms¯‥vi I Abykvmb, cwievi cwiKíbv
Kg©xi ¯^íZv, evwo evwo wM‡q †mev †Ìqvi e`‡j 1998 mvj †_‡K Iqvb ÷c
mvwf©‡mi wbqg Pvjy nIqv, Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kvh©µ‡g cyiæl‡ì Kg Ask MÖnY cÖf„wZ
e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|
nvIivÂ‡j weï× Lvevi cvwb I m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi Ae¯’v AZ¨šÍ bvRyK| wek-cuwPk
eQi Av‡M GjvKvq †Kv‡bv bjK~cB wQj bv| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ MÖv‡gi gvby‡li Lvevi
cvwbi Rb¨ K‡qKwU gvÎ bjK~‡ci Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| GB bjK~ç‡jvI
el©vKv‡j mK‡ji eënvi‡hvM¨ _v‡K bv| KviY el©vKv‡j MÖv‡gi evwoNi¸‡jv
cÖvqB ci¯úi wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq| Gme Kvi‡Y GjvKvi cÖvq 50 fvM gvbyl GL‡bv
b`xi cvwbB cvb K‡i|
nvIivÂ‡ji AwaKvsk gvbyl Db¥y³ RvqMv‡ZB Zv‡ì cÖvK…wZK Kg© m¤úbœ K‡i|
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z m¨vwbUvwi j¨vwUªb †mLv‡b Lye Kg evwo‡ZB i‡q‡Q| †hme evwo‡Z
cvqLvbv i‡q‡Q, †mm‡ei AwaKvskB cvwbi Dci SzjšÍ| el©vKv‡j SyjšÍ Gme
cvqLvbvi mg¯Í gjg~Î R‡j †f‡m †M‡jI ïK‡bv †g․my‡g Gme eR©¨ mgm¨vi
KviY n‡q `vuovq| mybvgM‡Äi nvIi Aay¨wlZ wZbwU Dc‡Rjv RvgvjMÄ,
wek¦¤¢icyi I Zvwnicy‡i cwiPvwjZ wmGbAviGm-Gi GK mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q,
†mLv‡b gvÎ 1-5 kZvsk evwo‡Z m¨vwbUvwi j¨vwUªb Av‡Q, 80 kZvsk cwievi
cÖvK…wZK KvR mv‡i SzjšÍ cvqLvbvq Ges evwK 15 kZvsk cwievi hÎZÎ Db¥y³
¯’v‡b G KvR mv‡i| cvbxq Rj I m¨vwbUvwi cvqLvbv m¼‡Ui Kvi‡Y Awaevmx‡ì
cvwbevwnZ bvbv †ivM h_v: RwÛm, UvBd‡qW, Wvqwiqv cÖf„wZ‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡Z
nq| G mg¯Í GjvKvq Gme †¶‡Î miKvwi mn‡hvwMZv bvB ej‡jB P‡j|
114
mßg Aa¨vq
nvIi GjvKvi †hvMv‡hvM
nvIivÂ‡ji †hvMv‡hvM cwiw¯’wZ AZ¨šÍ bvRyK| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Dc‡Rjvq cvKv

iv¯Ív G‡Kev‡iB †bB| †hme Dc‡Rjvq cvKv iv¯Ív Av‡Q, Zvi cwigvYI
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bq| Kw_Z Av‡Q, Ôel©vq bvI Avi ïKbvq cvIÕ GB nj nvIi
AÂ‡ji hvZvqvZ eë¯’v| GK mgq nvIi GjvKvi hvbevnb wn‡m‡e cvjwK,
†Nvov, †gvl I Miæi Mvwoi cÖPjb wQj| Z‡e A‡b‡K wb‡Ri eënv‡ii Rb¨ kL
K‡i †Nvov cy‡l _v‡Kb| †mLvbKvi hvZvqvZ ej‡Z cÖavbZ Rjc‡_i hvZvqvZ‡K
†evSvq| GB hvZvqvZ †Kej ¯^v”Q›`nxbB bq Lye mgqmv‡c¶I| †hgb
wK‡kviM‡Äi wgVvgBb I AóMÖvg `ÕywU cvkvcvwk Dc‡Rjv| G `ÕywU Dc‡Rjv I
†Rjv m`‡ii g‡a¨ mivmwi `~iZ¡ gvÎ c‡bi wK‡jvwgUvi| wKš‘ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM
Ki‡Z n‡j cv‡q nuvUv Qvov †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| nuvU‡Z bv PvB‡j Dcvq jÂ| Avi
jÂ GK Dc‡Rjv †_‡K KzwjqviPi n‡q Ab¨ Dc‡Rjvq †h‡Z cÖvq mvivw`b mgq
jv‡M| Ab¨ Dc‡Rjv¸‡jvi hvZvqZ eë¯’vI cÖvq GKB iKg| LvwjqvRywi †_‡K
†bÎ‡Kvbv m`‡i †h‡Z mvZ †_‡K AvU N›Uv mgq jv‡M| e¨q nq cÖvq GKkZ
UvKv| AóMÖvg †_‡K evB‡i †Kv_vI †h‡Z n‡j †fvi mv‡o QUvq jÂ ai‡Z nq|
GLvb †_‡K †fv‡i `ywU jÂ Qv‡o, GKwU hvq •fie Avi Ab¨wU KzwjqviPi| mv‡o
QUvi jÂ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y ai‡Z bv cvi‡j hZ cÖ‡qvRbB _vKzK, A‡c¶v Ki‡Z
n‡e ciw`b †fv‡ii Rb¨|
fvwU GjvKvq eQ‡ii cÖvq mvZ gvmB _v‡K •_ •_ cvwb| ZLb A‣_ R‡ji ey‡K
†QvU †QvU MÖvg¸‡jv‡K g‡b nq †hb †f‡m _vKv Rjhvb| Gme MÖvg †_‡K
el©vKv‡j hvZvqv‡Zi GKgvÎ Aej¤^b †QvU †b․Kv ev bvI| el©vKvjxb GB mvZ
gvm ev‡` eQ‡ii evwK cuvP gv‡mi wPÎwU n‡q hvq G‡K ev‡i wfbœ| Gmgq
hvZvqv‡Zi gva¨g nq cv| ZLb nuvUvi †Kv‡bv weKíB _v‡K bv| KviY ch©vß
iv¯ÍvNvU bv _vKvq GLv‡b moKc‡_ PjvPj‡hvM¨ hvbevnb cÖvq †bB ej‡jB P‡j|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Dc‡Rjvq LyeB Kg cwigvY wi·v PjvPj Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq|
weËkvjx wKQz cwievi wb‡R‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡b †gvUimvB‡Kj eënvi K‡i _v‡K|
115
Aek¨ Gme †gvUimvB‡Kj wb‡R‡ì eënv‡ii cvkvcvwk hvÎxen‡bi Kv‡RI
eëüZ nq| nvIi GjvKvq `ªæZ MšÍe¨¯’v‡b †cu․Qevi hvbevnb wn‡m‡e
†gvUimvB‡K‡ji we‡kl Kì i‡q‡Q| Pvwn`v †ewk _vKvq Gi fvovI †ewk|
wbgœweË gvby‡li c‡¶ G hvbevnb eënvi Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|
cÖK…wZMZfv‡e G AÂj †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ AÂj †_‡K Avjv`v| Gmg¯Í GjvKvq
iv¯Ív wbwg©Z n‡jI cÖwZermiB el©vq Zv †f‡½ hvq| G †hb GK wbZ¨-•bwgwËK
†Ljv| GLv‡b el©v Av‡m Av‡M Ges _v‡K †ewkw`b| d‡j iv¯ÍvNvU •Zwi Kivi
KvR Ggb mgq ïiæ Kiv DwPZ, hv‡Z el©v Avmvi Av‡MB †kl Kiv hvq| wKš‘
cÖvqB Ggb mgq KvR ïiæ Kiv nq, hv‡Z KvR †kl nevi Av‡MB el©vq me ay‡q
hvq| wewb‡qvMK…Z mg¯Í A‡_©iB ZLb mwjj mgvwa N‡U| iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui G‡nb
`~ie¯’vi †cQ‡b cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Yi cvkvcvwk Av‡Q KZ©„c‡¶i Ae‡njv I h_vh_
cwiKíbvi NvUwZ| Gme AÂ‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb c„_K I jvMmB Dbœqb
cwiKíbv| nvI‡ii gvS eivei †ewk DuPz moK bv evwb‡q MÖv‡gi cvk †Nu‡l hw`
Rwgi mgvb DuPz K‡i cvKv iv¯Ív Kiv hvq, Zvn‡jB †Kej Gme GjvKvq iv¯ÍvNvU
wUK‡Z cv‡i| el©vi cvwb ev †XD iv¯Ívi †Zgb ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| GiKg
iv¯Ív Kiv n‡j GjvKvq me ai‡bi hvbevnbB PjvPj Ki‡Z cvi‡e| nvI‡ii gvS
eivei iv¯Ív Ki‡j GjvKvi cwi‡e‡ki DciI ¶wZKi cÖfve c‡o| ¯’jc‡_i
Dbœqb NUv‡Z wM‡q KL‡bv KL‡bv Rjc‡_i hvZvqv‡Zi †¶‡ÎI weNœ m„wó Kiv nq
e‡j Awf‡hvM cvIqv hvq| †`Lv hvq, nvI‡ii wfZi w`‡q iv¯Ív Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘
weªR¸‡jv h‡_ó cwigv‡Y DuPz K‡i wbg©vY Kiv nqwb| d‡j Ime weª‡Ri wbP w`‡q
cvj †Zvjv †b․Kv, jÂ, Kv‡M©v BZ¨vw` PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
†hvMv‡hvM mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y XvKv †_‡K GKwU wPwV nvIi GjvKvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
Dc‡Rjvq †cu․Qv‡Z 15 w`bI h‡_ó bq| `~i‡Z¡ KvQvKvwQ nevi ciI GLvbKvi
cÖvq Dc‡Rjv m`‡iB Le‡ii KvMR †cuu‡Q GKw`b ci| †`‡ki Lei †bevi Rb¨
GjvKvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q ZvB GL‡bv †iwWIB cÖavb fimv| †KD gvivZ¥K Amy¯Z ’ vq
AvµvšÍ n‡j wPwKrm‡Ki m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv, AwMœKvÛ NU‡j dvqvi mvwf©‡mi
mn‡hvwMZv jvf Kiv wKsev cÖvK…wZK wech©‡q wbivc` Avkª‡q ‡cu․Qv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î
nvIi AÂ‡ji gvby‡liv `viæY Amnvq †eva K‡i|
116
Aóg Aa¨vq
nvIi GjvKvi AvBbk„•Ljv
nvIi GjvKvi AvBbk„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ LyeB mw½b| Kg©‡ckvq bvbv cÖwZKzj

cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y †mLvbKvi Rbg‡b †h AkvwšÍ weivR K‡i Zvi cÖwZdjb N‡U
cvi¯úwiK Ø›Ø-d¨vmv‡ì ga¨ w`‡q| cÖwZwU GjvKvqB cvwievwiK ev mvgvwRK
we‡iva‡K †K›`ª K‡i m„ó cvi¯úwiK Ø›Ø gy‡LvgywL msN‡l© iƒc †bq| DË‡ivËi
†eKviZ¡ e„w×i djkÖæwZ‡Z †mLv‡b A‣bwZK Kvh©Kjv‡ci gvÎvI e„w× cv‡”Q
jvMvgnxb fv‡e| †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvi Zzjbvq G GjvKvi AvBbk„•Ljv
cwiw¯’wZ LyeB Lvivc| AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbxi ZrciZv `ytLRbK| Gi
Rb¨ Aek¨ †Kej AvBbk„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbx‡KB `vqx Kiv P‡j bv| GLv‡b
Zv‡ì KvR Ki‡Z nq bvbv cÖwZKyjZv I mxgve×Zvi g‡a¨| GjvKvi RwUj
hvZvqvZ eë¯’vI KZ©„c‡¶i AvBbk„•Ljv i¶v msµvšÍ mw`”Qv‡K A‡bKvs‡k
wewNœZ K‡i|
nvIivÂ‡j AvBbk„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi LyeB AebwZ N‡U Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` Ges
avbKvUvi †g․my‡g| cÖwZeQi R‡ji cÖev‡n Rwgi AvBj ev mxgvbvwPý jyß n‡q
hvIqv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y Rwgi gvwjKvbv wb‡q we‡iva GKwU wbqwgZ NUbv| Gi
d‡j dmj KvUvi mgq i³viw³ KvÛ ch©šÍ N‡U hvq| Gme NUbvq †`kxq A¯¿k¯¿
Z_v wdKj, `v, ejøg, †KvP, †UUv, RyBZ¨v cÖf„wZ eëüZ nq| fq¼i Hme
msN‡l© AvnZ GgbwK wbn‡Zi NUbvI N‡U _v‡K Aejxjvq| GB †g․my‡g
nvmcvZvjmg~‡n fwZ©K…Z †ivMx‡ì g‡a¨ gvivgvwi‡Z AvnZ‡ìB AvwaK¨ †`Lv
hvq| GKevi AvnZ-wbnZ n‡j Gme Ø›Ø _v‡g bv| Pj‡Z _v‡K eQ‡ii ci eQi
a‡i| hviv AvnZ nq Zviv nvmcvZvj †_‡K N‡i wd‡i wM‡q Zvi cÖwZ‡kva †bq
A_ev cÖwZ‡kv‡ai cÖ¯w‘ Z wb‡q my‡hv‡Mi R‡b¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB
Ø›Ø¸‡jvi cÖK…wZ A‡bKUv Ggb †h, †Kv‡bv GK c¶ ev Dfq c¶ me©¯v^ šÍ nIqvi
AvM ch©šÍ Zv G‡Kev‡i wbg©~j nq bv| wKQz wKQz NUbvi †Ri Pj‡Z _v‡K
cyiælvbyµ‡g| Gme NUbv N‡U hvevi ci ¯’vbxq AvBbk„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbx
h_vwbq‡g n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡jI mgm¨v wbg©~‡j Zviv †Kv‡bv f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i bv|
117
nvIi GjvKvq `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb Ggb cywjk Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡Z, G GjvKvi
†jvKRb Ggwb‡Z †ek mnR mij I big cÖK…wZi wKš‘ GKevi †i‡M †M‡j ZLb
Giv fq¼i n‡q D‡V Ñ †Kv‡bv wnZvwnZ Ávb _v‡K bv|
†f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z nvIi GjvKvi AvBbk„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbxi
eë¯’vcbvMZ †h mKj myweavw` _vKvi K_v, cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Zv LyeB AcÖZzj|
_vbv¸‡jv‡Z †hgb cÖ‡qvRb AwaK †jvKej, †Zgwb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K
w¯úW‡evU, Uªjvi BZ¨vwÌ| wKš‘ †mLv‡b Gme myweavi h‡_ó cwigvY NvUwZ
i‡q‡Q| d‡j hv nevi ZvB nq, ¯’vb †f‡` GKwU NUbv N‡U hvevi 10-20 N›Uv
c‡iI cywjk m`mïv †mLv‡b †cu․Q‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB cÖvqk nZvn‡Zi msLv
eû¸‡Y e„w× cvq|
`ye©j hvZvqvZ eë¯’vi Kvi‡Y nvIivÂ‡ji `yM©g GjvKvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MÖv‡g
M‡o D‡V‡Q Acivax Pµ| ¯’vbxq cywjk evwnbx †f․‡MvwjK cÖwZKzj Ae¯’v,
†jvKe‡ji Afve I AvaywbK my‡hvMmyweav bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Gme P‡µi ZrciZv
wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡”Q| _vbv mì †_‡K Rjc‡_ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv BDwbq‡bi
`~iZ¡ cÖvq 30-40 wK‡jvwgUvi| hvZvqv‡Zi Dcvq †h‡nZz GKgvÎ Uªjvi, Kv‡RB
†mLv‡b †Kv‡bv eo ai‡bi Aciv‡ai NUbv NU‡jI _vbv m`‡i Zvi Lei †cu․Q‡Z
†cu․Q‡ZB cÖvq 12 N›Uv †j‡M hvq| Lei cvevi ci cywjk m`mïv hw` †mLv‡b 6
N›UvqI †c․‡Qb, Zey me wgwj‡q mgq †j‡M hvq 18 N›Uv| A_P Aciva
msMV‡bi ci wbivc‡` MvÕXvKv †èvi Rb¨ †h †Kv‡bv Acivaxi c‡¶ GK-`yB
NÈvi AwaK mgq jvMvi K_v bq| Gme Kvi‡YB `yM©g nvIivÂ‡ji †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv GjvKv‡K A‡bK fqvbK Acivaxiv wbivc` Avkªq¯’j wn‡m‡e eënvi
Kivi m~‡hvM cvq|
nvI‡ii †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MÖvg †Pvi-WvKv‡Zi MÖvg wn‡m‡eI GjvKvq mgwaK
cwiwPZ| Gme MÖv‡gi †ewki fvM cwieviB eskvbyµwgKfv‡e GB N„Y¨ I
Acivag~jK †ckv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i _v‡K Ñ hwÌ G‡ì mevB Mwie bq| †KD
†KD A‡bK Rwgi gvwjK| Rj‡ewóZ Gme MÖvg `yM©g nIqvi Kvi‡YB ¯’vbxq
AvBbk„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbxi wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i †_‡K Giv GB †ckv‡K Ae¨vnZ
ivL‡Z cvi‡Q| nvIi GjvKvq Ggb A‡bK MÖvg Av‡Q †h MÖv‡gi cÖvß eq¯‥ mKj
cyiæl gvbylB †Pvi| Agvem¨vi iv‡Z GmKj MÖv‡g †Kv‡bv cÖvßeq¯‥ cyiæ‡li mÜvb
cvIqv hvq bv| Giv mevB ZLb cvkvcvwk Ab¨ MÖv‡g Pzwi‡Z e¨¯Í _v‡K| Giv
118
GZUvB msNe× †h, Luy‡R †L‡U mÜvb cvIqv †M‡jI cÖK…Z gvwj‡Ki Pzwi hvIqv
gvjcÎ ev cï Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K bM` UvKvq wK‡b Avb‡Z nq| `yM©g I we¯ÍxY©
nvIi¸‡jv‡Z Rj`my¨‡ì k³ †bUIqvK© i‡q‡Q| wb‡R‡ì Øviv myweav Ki‡Z bv
cvi‡j Giv Gme †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_I hy³ n‡q Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ mdj K‡i _v‡K|
nvIi GjvKvi Rjc_¸‡jv‡Z jÂ, w÷gvi, Kv‡M©v I BwÄbPvwjZ †b․Kv PjvPj
K‡i _v‡K| Gme hvbevn‡bi gva¨‡gB cÖavbZ nvIi GjvKvi mv‡_ mviv‡`‡ki
†hvMv‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq Ges eëmv evwY‡Rï gvjvgvj Avbv †bIqvi KvR nq|
Pvlxiv `~ieZ©x nvIi †_‡K Drcvw`Z avb Rjhv‡bi gva¨‡gB Avbv †bIqv K‡i|
Rj`ymïv cÖvqB Gme Rjhv‡b nvgjv K‡i mvaviY hvÎx, eëmvqx I K…lK‡ì
me©¯^ jyU K‡i wb‡q hvq| jyUZiv‡Ri cvkvcvwk KL‡bv KL‡bv Giv hvÎx I
eëmvqx‡ì nZ¨vI K‡i _v‡K| G ai‡bi NUbv nvIi GjvKvq cÖvqkB N‡U
_v‡K| AvBbk„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbx bvbv Kvi‡Y Rj`my¨‡ì Kej †_‡K GjvKvi
RbM‡Yi Rvb-gvj i¶vq Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
119
beg Aa¨vq
nvI‡ii cwi‡ekMZ cwiw¯’wZ
nvIi AeevwnKv cÖPzi RjR Dw™¢`mn bjLvMov I †nvMjv e‡b mg„×| Gme e‡b
GLvbKvi mgMÖ RjR cÖvYxKzj ch©vß Lv`¨ I Avkªq †cZ| AvKwl©Z n‡Zv
e¨vcKmsL¨K cwihvqx cvwL| hvi d‡j nvI‡ii f~wg we‡kl we‡kl Dw™¢‡ì Rb¨
De©iv n‡q DV‡Zv| GLvbKvi RjR D`¨vb : wnRj, KiP, eiæb, AR©yb cÖf…wZ
Dw™¢`Ñ hv GKmgq eb¨v‡K cvËv bv w`‡qB †e‡o DVZ, Zv GLb wecbœcÖvq|
mg‡qi Awbevh© cwieZ©b †g‡b wb‡qB nvIivÂj AvRI cÖavb avb Drcv`b †K›`ª,
evwYwR¨K grm¨ Drcv`‡bi Avavi I mg„× cïPviY f~wg wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| GQvovI
Gme AÂj eivei ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Lv`¨, R¡vjvbx I mv‡ii Drm wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ| G AÂj cvwL I eb¨ cÖvYx‡ì Rb¨ GKwU •ewPÎ¨gq Avevm¯’j wn‡m‡e
eëüZ nq| AmsL¨ nuvmmn cwihvqx RjKz°z‡Ui Rb¨ GwU GKwU Av`k©¯’vb|
Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK eb¨ RxeRš‘I G AÂ‡j c~be©vwmZ n‡q _v‡K| nvIivÂjmg~n
Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ msi¶‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| †`‡ki cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨
iÿvq Gi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| 1971 mv‡j Biv‡b AbywôZ ivgmvi Kb‡fbkb Ges
1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡j AbywôZ wiI Kb‡fbk‡bi cÖwZ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mg_©b
_vKvq Gme AÂ‡ji cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ i¶vq Avgiv cÖwZkÖæwZe×|
nvIivÂ‡ji RjR D`¨v‡bi e„ÿ AvevwmK cvwL‡ì evm¯’vb wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
kxZKv‡j cÖPzi AwZw_ cvwLi KjKvKwj‡Z nvIimg~n gyLwiZ n‡q I‡V|
nvIi AÂj cÖvY‣ewP‡Îï Avavi| GB AdzišÍ cÖvYm¤ú` eënv‡ii gva¨‡gB GB
GjvKvi gvbyl Rxeb aviY Ki‡Q| ïay gvby‡li Rb¨B bq evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡e‡ki
Dci nvI‡ii cÖvY‣ewP‡Îï f~wgKv Acwimxg| ejv n‡q _v‡K, GB nvIi¸‡jv
n‡”Q b`xi cÖvY, gv‡Qi cÖRbb †¶Î, bvbviKg cïcvwLi Avkªq¯’j Ges
km¨fvÐvi| nvIi AÂ‡ji A_©bxwZ g~jZt K…wl wbf©i| G AÂ‡ji cÖavb dmj
Bwi-†ev‡iv avb| hw` †ev‡iv avb GKevi gvi Lvq Z‡e abx Mixe meviB GKB
`kv nq| AvMvg eb¨vi f‡q Aw¯’i _v‡K nvI‡ii †jvKRb| nvI‡ii †ev‡iv
120
avb‡K i¶vi Rb¨ b`xi cvo w`‡q nvI‡ii Pviw`‡K eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva †`qv
n‡q‡Q| Gme euv‡ai Kvi‡Y GwcÖj-†g gv‡m eb¨vi cvwb nvIi¸‡jv‡Z XyK‡Z cv‡i
bv| d‡j K…lKiv •ekvL gv‡mi g‡a¨ †ev‡iv avb †K‡U N‡i Zzj‡Z m‡Pó nq| evua
wbg©vY eûKvj a‡iB P‡j Avm‡Q| Av‡MKvi w`‡b Rwg`viiv ¯’vbxq †jvKRb‡ì
wb‡q euva wbg©vY Ki‡Zb| eZ©gv‡b cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i gva¨‡g miKvi †m
eë¯’v‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q| Rvbv hvq, cvwb Dbœqb
†evW© 1966 mvj †_‡K 46wU cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g 2000 wK‡jvwgUvi euva wbg©vY
K‡i‡Q| mswkøó †ev‡W©i `vwe g‡Z cÖvq 3 j¶ †n±i Rwg Gi gva¨‡g Pvlvev‡ì
AvIZvq G‡m‡Q|
wKš‘ G mKj euv‡ai Kvi‡Y †h mKj Lvj nvI‡ii wej¸‡jv‡K b`xi mv‡_ mshy³
Ki‡Zv †m¸‡jv eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| Avevi Lv‡ji gy‡L A‡bK †¶‡ÎB møyBm †MBU
wbg©vY Kivq gv‡Qi cÖRbb I jvjb †¶Î¸‡jv bó n‡q †M‡Q| e¨vcK AvKv‡i
†ev‡iv avb Pv‡li Rb¨ cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ cvwb mieivn Kivq †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB
nvI‡ii wej¸‡jv kxZKv‡j ïwK‡q hvq| G‡Z RjR cÖvY‣ewPÎ¨ e¨vcKfv‡e
¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| K…wl Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mv‡_ wbwe©Pv‡i grm¨ wbab Ges wej ïwK‡q gvQ
aivi Kvi‡YI nvI‡ii cwi‡ekZvwË¡K cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q|
eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva I møyBm †MB‡Ui d‡j cwj covi nvi †ewk nIqv‡Z nvI‡ii
wej¸‡jvi Zj‡`k fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| Ggb A‡bK nvIi i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡K GLb
Avi nvIi ejv P‡j bv| ïaygvÎ Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvq 20 GK‡ii wb‡P 47wU
we‡ji 21wUB cwj fivU n‡q †M‡Q|
Rxe‣ewPÎ¨
†Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi Rj, ¯’j I evqy RM‡Z hZ iKg Dw™¢` I cÖvYx cÖRvwZ Av‡Q
Zv‡ì mgwóMZ Ae¯’vb I weKwkZ nIqvi ev¯Íe cwi‡ekB Rxe‣ewPÎ¨| GB
Rxe‣ewPÎ¨‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, †Kv‡bv GKwU GjvKvq A‣Re m¤ú` I
cwi‡e‡ki Ae¯’vi Dci mswkøó GjvKvi RxešÍ Rxe m¤cÖ`v‡qi AvPvi-AvPiY
wbf©i K‡i| †hgb GKwU †QvU cyKz‡i †h me Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi emwZ M‡o D‡V Zv
b`xi cÖwZ‡ek †_‡K wfbœ| eb, Z…Yf~wg, b`x, nvIi ev Rjvf~wg cÖf„wZ cÖwZ‡e‡k
M‡o D‡V Zzjbvg~jK c„_K •ewkó¨mg„× GK GKwU Rxem¤cÖ`vq| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó
cÖwZ‡e‡k †hgb K‡qKwU cÖRvwZ _vK‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb _vK‡Z cv‡i eû cÖRvwZi
121
Dw™¢`, cÖvYx I AbyRxe| Giv wb‡Riv wKsev G‡K Ac‡ii m‡½ wµqv-cÖwZwµqv
NUv‡Z cv‡i|
nvIi ev Rjvf~wg GjvKv GK g~jëvb m¤ú` wn‡m‡e †`kxq, AvÂwjK Ges
AvšÍRv© wZK fv‡eI ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| GB wekvj Rjvf~wgi B‡Kvwm‡÷‡gi Dci
gvbe Rxeb A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| RwoZ gvbe RvwZi ¯^v¯’¨ I Aw¯ÍZ|¡ †`‡ki cuvP
nvRvi cÖRvwZi Dw™¢` Ges 1500 †giæ`Ðx Rx‡ei g‡a¨ 300 Dw™¢` cÖRvwZ Ges
400 †giæ`Ðx Rx‡ei mgMÖ Rxeb Rjvf~wgi Dci wbf©ikxj| G Qvov j¶ j¶
wewfbœ cÖRvwZi ¯’vqx Ges AwZw_ cvwL‡ì Avevm¯’j GB Rjvf~wgmg~n|
evsjv‡`‡ki GB wekvj Rjvf~wgi GKUv weivU Ask DËi-c~e©vÂ‡ji wm‡jU,
mybvgMÄ, †g․jfxevRvi, nweMÄ, wK‡kviMÄ, †bÎ‡Kvbv I eªvþYevwoqv
†Rjvmg~n| hvi †gvU cwiwa cÖvq 20 nvRvi eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ñ hv evsjv‡`‡ki
mgMÖ GjvKvi GK mßgvsk cÖvq|
†Kv‡bv GKwU cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ cÖvqk ÁvwZ†Mvôx, •ewPÎ I •ewk‡ó¨ wKQz wKQz
cv_©KÏ cwijw¶Z nq| †hgb GKB cÖRvwZ wKš‘ Mob, AvKvi, gvb I Zv‡ì
Øviv Drcvw`Z DcKiY, KxUcZ‡½i ¶wZKi cÖfve, †ivM cÖwZ‡iva I cwi‡ekMZ
cÖwZKzjZv mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| GB cv_©K¨¸‡jv •Zix nq Zv‡ì
Rxe msMV‡bi •ewP‡Îï Kvi‡Y| †Kv‡bv cÖRvwZi GB wecyj msL¨K ÁvwZ‡Mvôx,
•ewkó¨ I wfbœZv‡K RxemsMV‡bi mg„w× I •ewPÎ¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq|
RxegÐ‡ji wekvj •ewPÎ¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q bvbv Ø›Ø-msNv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q weeZ©b
cÖwµqvq| GB cÖwµqvq Rxe I cÖvYxi AvPvi-AvPi‡YI cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| Rx‡ei
wU‡K _vKv, e„w× I eskwe¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ AbyKzj cwi‡ek ìKvi| wKš‘ Rxe wU‡K
_vKvi Rb¨ weiƒc cwi‡e‡ki m‡½ wb‡R‡K gvwb‡q †bqvi †PóvI Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖRvwZ hLb weiƒc cÖK…wZi m‡½ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i bv, ZLb
cÖvK…wZK cÖwµqvqB Zviv wejyß n‡q hvq| †h mg¯Í GjvKvi cÖK…wZ wmœ», Dò,
AvenvIqvq Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY †ekx Ges cÖwZ‡ekMZ cÖwZKyjZvi †gvKvwejv
Kiv mnR †mLv‡bB †`Lv w`‡q‡Q wecyj Ges wekvj Rxe‣ewPÎ¨|
j¶ j¶ eQ‡ii weeZ©‡b gvbyl †c‡q‡Q wecyj msL¨K MvQcvjv, cÖvYx I AbyRxe
cÖRvwZ| weÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib c„w_ex‡Z †KvwU †KvwU cÖRvwZ i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨
Zviv 15,95,225 (c‡bi j¶ cuPvbeŸB nvRvi `yBkZ cuwPk) cÖRvwZi †kÖwYKiY
122
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ 2,50,000 (`yB j¶ cÂvk nvRvi) Dw™¢`,
7,50,000 (mvZ j¶ cÂvk nvRvi) KxUcZ½, 41,000 (GKPwjøk nvRvi)
†giæ`Ðx cÖvYx, evKxiv Ab¨vb¨ A‡giæ`Ðx, QÎvK, •kevj I AbyRxe| GLbI
A‡bK cÖRvwZ Abvwe®K…Z i‡q‡Q| GB •ewP‡Îï AwaKvskB i‡q‡Q c„w_exi MÖx®§
g½‡j, Av`ª©-Dò GjvKvq we‡klZ ebvÂ‡j| c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li Rvbvg‡Z hZ
cÖRvwZ i‡q‡Q Zvi 2/3 kZvsk nj gvQ, DfPi, mixm„c, cvwL I ¯Íb¨cvqx|
GK mgq Rxe‣ewP‡Î¨ mg„× wQj evsjv‡`k| mg‡qi weeZ©‡b G‡`‡ki eû Dw™¢`
I cÖvYx wejyß n‡q‡Q ev wejywßi ØvicÖv‡šÍ| Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ cÖRvwZi wejywß †VKv‡Z
mnvqZv †hvMvq I cÖK…wZi fvimvg¨ i¶vq mvnvh¨ K‡i| 1992 mv‡j AbywôZ
RvwZms‡Ni cwi‡ek I Dbœqb m‡¤§j‡b Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ msi¶‡Yi Pyw³‡Z †ò
kZvwaK †`‡ki cÖwZwbwaiv ¯^v¶i K‡ib| evsjv‡`kI GB Pzw³i Ab¨Zg
¯^v¶iKvix| Gi eû c~‡e© 1971 mv‡j Biv‡bi ivgmvi kn‡i w` ivgmvi
Kb‡fbkb eÿ‡iv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h©mn Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ mg„× Uv½yqvi
nvIi‡K AvšÍRv© wZKfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rjvf~wg (we‡kl K‡i cwihvqx cvwLi
Avevm¯’j wn‡m‡e) †Nvlbv K‡i|
wKš‘ `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ †h GLbI evsjv‡`‡ki Rxe‣ewP‡Îï †Kv‡bv c~Y©v½
ZvwjKv †bB| AwaKvsk cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡ì cÖv_wgK Z_Ï m¤ú~Y© msM„nxZ nqwb|
evsjv‡`‡ki Rxe‣ewP‡Îï cÖRvwZ I ev¯‘ms¯’vwbK ch©v‡q G ch©šÍ jf¨ Z‡_ï
wfwË‡Z Rvbv hvq: nvIi GjvKvq 150 cÖRvwZi RjR Dw™¢`, 112 cÖRvwZi gvQ,
208 cÖRvwZi cvwL, 11 cÖRvwZi DfPi cÖvYx I 34 cÖRvwZi mixm„c i‡q‡Q|
GLvbKvi MvQcvjvi g‡a¨ 10wU cÖRvwZ‡K AvBBDwmGb cÖKvwkZ Red Data
ey‡K `y®úªvc¨ wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i Ilwa MvQ ¸¾vKuvUv ïaygvÎ G
GjvKvqB †`Lv hvq| ZvQvov GLv‡b 22wU weij cÖRvwZi cÖvYx Av‡Q hv
CITES-Gi ZvwjKvfz³| wb‡gœ Rxe‣ewPÎ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
Dw™¢`:
De©i cwjgvwU Ges Dò I Av`©ª Rjevqyi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k Rxe‣ewP‡Î¨ LyeB
mg„×| G‡`‡k Dw™¢‡ì cÖRvwZ msL¨v 6 nvRv‡ii †ewk| Zb¥‡a¨ 300 we‡`kx|
wecbœ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ 95 cÖRvwZi `viæe„‡¶i 92wU Ave„ZexR I 3wU bMœexR|
†Kej ¯^v`y cvwb‡ZB Av‡Q 300 cÖRvwZi •kevj I Zv‡ì RvZ| ¯^í †jvbv I
123
mgy‡`ª i‡q‡Q ARmª cÖRvwZ| QÎvK m¤ú‡K© GLbI †Zgb †Kv‡bv Z_¨ msM„nxZ
nqwb| mcy®úK (Ave„ZexR) Dw™¢` Av‡Q cÖvq 5,000 (cuvP nvRvi) cÖRvwZi|
G‡`‡k R‡b¥ gvÎ 4 cÖRvwZi bMœexR Dw™¢`| Zb¥‡a¨ 3wUB wecbœ| cÖavbZ 3
cÖRvwZi avb i‡q‡Q| Z‡e cÖKvi‡f‡` Gi msL¨v cÖvq 10,000 (`k nvRvi)|
G‡`‡k jvj, bxj I mv`v GB 3 cÖRvwZi kvcjv-kvjyK i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ mv`v
kvcjv RvZxq dzj| GB †Mv‡ÎiB GKwU kvLv cÙ| mv`v I †Mvjvwc GB `yB
i‡Oi cÙ †`L‡Z LyeB my›ì| cÙgay g~jëvb †flR|
nvIi GjvKvq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y bj, LvMov, BKo Ges wKQz e„¶ cÖRvwZ †hgb
wnRj, Rviæj BZ¨vw` R‡b¥|
g~j, KvÐ, cÎ I cy®úwenxb Dw™¢` •kevj| Dnv cvwbi GKwU gyL¨ Dw™¢` †Mvôx|
¯^v`y cvwbi AwaKvsk •kevjB bxj-meyR I meyR •kevj| gv‡Qi cÖavb Lv`¨ GB
•kevj RjR Lv`¨ k„•L‡ji gyL¨ PvweKvwV| G¸‡jvB Lv`ë¯‘i cÖv_wgK Drcv`K,
hv GB †MvUv k„•Lj mPj ivLvi kw³ †hvMvq| mv‡jvK ms‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g RjR
Rx‡e Aw·‡Rb mieiv‡niI G‡ì f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
cy®úai †h Dw™¢‡ì wW¤^K ev KwP exR wW¤^vkq ev Rxe‡Kv‡li g‡a¨ Ave× _v‡K
Zv-B Ave„ZexR Dw™¢`| Ave„Zex‡Ri wefv‡M i‡q‡Q mKj K…wl dmj, evMv‡bi
me dzj I d‡ji MvQ, mKj cÖk¯ÍcÎx e„¶ I ¸j¥ Ges gvV, evMvb I c_cv‡ki
AvMvQv| Gme MvQcvjvi A_©‣bwZK ¸iæZ¡ h‡_ó| evsjv‡`‡k †`kx I we‡`kx
wgwj‡q Ave„Zex‡Ri cÖRvwZ msL¨v cÖvq 5,000 i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ 92 cÖRvwZ
wecbœ| GB 5 nvRvi cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ gvÎ 8wU GKvšÍfv‡e †`kxq| c¶všÍ‡i
bMœexR Dw™¢‡` exR¸‡jv exR‡Kvle›`x _v‡K bv| evsjv‡`‡ki c~e©vÂ‡ji cvnv‡o
G‡ì 4wU cÖRvwZ wQj| eZ©gv‡b Gi 3wUB wecbœ|
nvI‡i bvbv ai‡bi we‡kl Dw™¢` i‡q‡Q| cvwbi wb‡P _vKv, †f‡m †eov‡bv,
cvwbi wb‡P †kKo Dc‡i fvmgvb, cvwb I ¯’‡ji ms‡hv‡M Rb¥v‡bv cÖf„wZ ai‡bi
Dw™¢` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evsjv‡`‡k Rjvf~wgi Dc‡hvMx †hmKj e„¶ cvIqv hvq Zvi
me¸‡jviI mgv‡ek N‡U‡Q nvIivÂ‡j| wnRj, KiP, eiæ‡Yi g‡Zv we‡kl
ai‡Yi Ges egj, †MvUvMvgvi, †iBbwUªi g‡Zv mvaviY MvQI R‡b¥| nvI‡i
bjLvMov I cÙ QvovI ey‡bv †Mvjvc, gvLbv ebZzjmx, evjvWygyi, †XvjKjwg,
ejyqv, PvBjøv, `ye©v, kvcjv, wmOiv, KzB, Dcj, wPPiv, Avgiv, AvMiv, †Kïi,
124
AvivBj, cDiv, cyUwKeb, KvW©, KuvUvSvD, cv_yB `y`yj, Avknvb, KPz, †NPz,
KPzwicvbv, †`Dwi cÖf„wZ cÖPzi cwigv‡b R‡b¥| cvwb Kg‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jB
nvIi¸‡jv‡Z fvm‡Z _v‡K bvbv ai‡Yi k¨vIjv|
†`‡ki K…wl ev¯‘ms¯’vwbK wfbœZvi ìæb gvbyl hyM hyM a‡i eënv‡ii Rb¨ 1,364
cÖRvwZi †ewk †`kx-we‡`kx Dw™¢` Pvl I msi¶Y K‡i Avm‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k 175
cÖRvwZi †flR Dw™¢` i‡q‡Q| nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv K…wl mf¨Zvi
avivevwnKZvi dmj n‡jv GLvbKvi Pvwl‡ì nv‡Z Drcbœ avb, cvU, AvL, Zzjv,
wZwl, mwilv, klv, wkg, Kzgov, Kjv, Avg, Rvg BZ¨vwì ARmª cÖKvi‡f`|
emZevwoi Avw½bvqI A‡bK Rv‡Zi MvQ-MvQovi Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
avb G‡`‡ki gvby‡li cÖavb Lv`¨| GLv‡b cÖavbZ 3wU cÖRvwZi avb i‡q‡Q|
G‡ì f¨vivBwUi msL¨v cªvq 10 nvRvi| D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi avb Pv‡li d‡j
eû Rv‡Zi †`kx avb B‡Zvg‡a¨B wejyß n‡q‡Q| Mg eZ©gv‡b wØZxq cÖavb
Lv`¨kl¨| GKwU †`kx RvZ Qvov Ab¨ me¸‡jvB we‡`k †_‡K Avbv| Ab¨vb¨
†M․Y `vbv k‡lï me¸‡jvB †`kx| cvU Rv‡Zi f¨vivBwUi msL¨v 958| 10wU
†g․mygx •ZjRvZ cÖRvwZi Av‡Q 12 kZvwaK DcRvZ| evsjv‡`k‡K Av‡Li
Drm¯’j g‡b Kiv nq| G‡`‡k 33wU mvaviY d‡ji cÖRvwZ Av‡Q| Avg,
evZvwe‡jey, †cqviv I KvVv‡ji †gvU 463 cÖKvi‡f` wewfbœ Bbw÷wUDU I evMv‡b
mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †M․Y d‡ji †hvMvb`vi 54 cÖRvwZ Ges †m¸wji cÖvq 298
cÖKvi‡f‡ì g‡a¨ 207wU ¯’vbxq| 52 cÖRvwZi mewRi ey‡bv dj i‡q‡Q| 3
ai‡Yi mewRi PGR (Plant genetic resource) †_‡K cvIqv hvq g~j I
ùxZK›`, cvZv I dj| 39 cÖRvwZi mewRi PGR msL¨v 1 nvRv‡ii †ewk|
mcy®úK ebR Dw™¢‡ì cÖRvwZmsL¨v cÖvq 5 nvRvi Ges Zb¥‡a¨ 7kZ ebe„¶|
cÖvYx:
cÖvYxRMZ †giæ`Ðx cÖvYx I A‡giæ`Ðx cÖvYx GB fv‡e wef³| †giæ`Ðx cÖvYxi
g‡a¨ gvQ, DfPi, mixm„c, cvwL I ¯Íb¨cvqxiv AšÍfy³© | evsjv‡`‡k ebf~wg I
Rjvf~wg †giæ`Ðx cªvYx‡Z mg„×| GLv‡b cÖvq 1 nvRvi 6 kZ †giæ`Ðx cÖvYxi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q 708 cÖRvwZi gvQ (266 wgVv cvwb I 442 mvgyw`ªK), 22 cÖRvwZi
DfPi, 126 cÖRvwZi mixm„c (Af¨šÍixb 109, mvgyw`ªK 17), 628 cÖRvwZi cvwL
(¯’vqx 388, AwZw_ 240), 113 cÖRvwZi ¯Íb¨cvqx (Af¨šÍixb 110, mvgyw`ªK
125
3)| IUCN - evsjv‡`k (2000) KZ©„K †`‡ki †giæ`Ûx cÖvYxKz‡ji eZ©gvb
Ae¯’vi g~j¨vqb Abymv‡i wewfbœ ch©v‡qi wecbœ cÖRvwZi msL¨v t gvQ 54, DfPi
8, mixm„c (Af¨šÍixb) 58, cvwL (¯’vqx) 40, ¯Íb¨cvqx (Af¨šÍixb) 40| Z‡_ï
Afv‡e A‡bK¸‡jv cÖRvwZ m¤ú‡K© GL‡bv †Kv‡bv g~j¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
gvQ:
evsjv‡`‡k 18 eM© I 123 †Mv‡Îi 442 cÖRvwZi mvgyw`ªK gvQ i‡q‡Q| Af¨šÍixb
Rjvk‡q (¯^v`y cvwb I ¯^í †jvbv cvwbmn) 14 eM© I 61 †Mv‡Îi 266 cÖRvwZi
gvQ i‡q‡Q| Af¨šÍixb gv‡Qi g‡a¨ Cyprinidac †MvÎ e„nËg| Zv‡Z Av‡Q 23
MY I 57 cÖRvwZi Kvc© (iæB, KvZjv, g„‡Mj, KvjevDm BZ¨vw`), eve© (cywU,
gnv‡kvj BZ¨vw`), wg‡bv (`viwKbv, †Qjv, gjv BZ¨vw`) Ges 55 cÖRvwZi
K¨vUwdk (†Usiv, AvBo, wks, gv¸i BZ¨vw`)|
DfPi:
Amphibia †kÖwYi Anura e‡M©i DfPi cÖvYx e¨vO| evsjv‡`‡k GKwUgvÎ
e‡M© (Anura) 22 cÖRvwZi DfPi cÖvYx i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ 8wU wecbœ| nvIivÂ‡j
bvbv cÖRvwZi e¨vO i‡q‡Q| e¨v‡Oi RxebPµ `yB ch©v‡qi t Giv AcwiYZ eq‡m
cvwb‡Z Ges •kke I c~Y©eq‡m Wv½vq evm K‡i| we‡klÁiv evsjv‡`‡ki
DfPi‡ì g‡a¨ Kz‡be¨vO, KUwKe¨vO, †Kvjve¨vO, †mvbve¨vO, fvIqve¨vO,
wSwSe¨vO, cvZve¨vO, †M‡Qve¨vO, †WvivKvUv †M‡Qve¨vO‡K GL‡bv wecbœ g‡b K‡ib
bv| eo‡M‡Qve¨vO, cvbve¨vO, Pxbve¨vO, jvjPxbve¨vO, †fucye¨vO wecbœcÖvq| 1988
mvj †_‡K 1999 mvj ch©šÍ †mvbve¨vO ißvwb K‡i evsjv‡`k cÖvq 2.6 †KvwU
gvwK©b Wjvi AR©b K‡i‡Q| †`‡k GLb e¨vO ißvwb wbwl×|
mixm„c:
evsjv‡`‡k mixm„‡ci †gvU cÖRvwZi msL¨v 126| Zb¥‡a¨ Af¨šÍixb 109 I
mvgyw`ªK 17 wU cÖRvwZi Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| Af¨šÍixb 109 cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ Kzwgi
2wU, KvwQg I KvDÆv 22wU, wUKwUwK 18wU I mvc 67wU Rv‡Zi| GKgvÎ Kzwgi
Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mKj cÖRvwZi mixm„c nvIivÂ‡j cvIqv hvq| Af¨šÍixb 22
cÖRvwZi KvwQ‡gi g‡a¨ 20 cÖRvwZB bvbvfv‡e wec`MÖ¯|’ 18 cÖRvwZi wUKwUwKi
126
g‡a¨ 8wU bvbvfv‡e wec`MÖ¯|’ 67 cÖRvwZi mv‡ci g‡a¨ 15wU welv³| ARMi I
P›`ª‡evov AwZ wecbœ, 11wU cÖRvwZ wecbœ Ges 15wU cÖRvwZ wecbœcÖvq|
cvwL:
evsjv‡`‡k 16 eM© I 67 †Mv‡Î 628 cÖRvwZi cvwL Av‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ 276wU MvqK
I 352wU AMvqK| mv¤cÖwZK Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK ¯’vqx cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ 41 cÖRvwZi
cvwL eZ©gv‡b wecbœ| Zb¥‡a¨ 19wU AZ¨šÍ wecbœ, 18wU wecbœ I 4wU wecbœcÖvq|
Z_¨vfv‡e ¯’vqx cvwLi 148 cÖRvwZi Ae¯’v gyj¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
†`kx I cwihvqx kZvwaK cÖRvwZi jÿ jÿ cvwLi mgv‡ek N‡U nvIivÂ‡j|
bxjKwÉ, Kv‡gj, cvb‡K․wo, gvQivOv, evwjnuvm, f~ebwPj, c¨vjvmvm CMjmn eû
cÖRvwZi cvwL nvI‡iB ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡i| ¯’vbxq I AwZw_ cvwL wgwj‡q
nvI‡i †`Lv hvq Ggb AmsL¨ cvwLi g‡a¨ eû RvZxq nuvm, †jÄv, †co‡cwo,
†Pi‡Pwi, †g․jfx, wPwZ, mivjx, •eKvj, bxjkxi wcqvs, cvšÍvgyLx, ivOvgyox,
PLvPwL, Pxbv, wMwiqv, LÄbv, cvZvwi, `jwcwc, cvwb gyiMx, cvwZevUvb, WvûK,
wPj, eK BZ¨vw` cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| GmKj cvwL †`Lvi Rb¨ `~i-
`~ivšÍ †_‡K gvbyl Av‡m|
127
`kg Aa¨vq
Lvm Rwgi e‡›`ve¯Í I Rjgnvj BRvivi bxwZgvjv
1950 mv‡j B÷ †e½j †÷U A¨vKzBwRkb A¨vÛ †UbvwÝ A¨v±-G Ab¨ wewagvjvi
m‡½ †Kv‡bv GKK cwiev‡ii wecyj cwigvY Rwgi gvwjK nIqv‡K iwnZ Kiv nq|
D³ A¨v±-G eM©v`vi I f~wgnxbmn cÖRv‡ì g‡a¨ LvmRwg weZi‡Yi weavb mshy³
Kiv nq| G AvB‡bi Aax‡b miKvi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖn‡Y Zrci n‡j f~wgMÖvmx
gnj wewfbœ †K․k‡ji Avkªq wb‡q f~wgi AwaKvi wb‡R‡ì wbqš¿‡Y wb‡Z m‡Pó
nq| G ch©v‡q Zviv Rwg`vi I ZvjyK`vi‡ì KvQ †_‡K WKz‡g›Um& msMÖ‡n Zrci
nq| Lvm Rwgi †¶‡Î Zviv cybivq †fvM `L‡ji Rb¨ miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K
GKmbv e‡›`ve‡¯Íi eë¯’v K‡i A_ev wb‡R‡ì wbqš¿‡Y Av‡Q Ggb f~wgnxb‡ì
bv‡g ¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯Í wb‡q †bq| cieZ©x‡Z Zviv e‡›`ve¯Í cÖvß f~wgnxb‡ì Aí
wKQz UvKv awi‡q w`‡q A_ev Rwgi GKUv Ask †fvM Ki‡Z w`‡q gyL eÜ K‡i
iv‡L| Gme †K․k‡ji gva¨‡g Zviv wb‡Riv wecyj Rwgi gvwjK n‡Z _v‡K Avi
cÖK…Z f~wgnxb K…lKiv Zv‡ì cvIbv †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q kªwgK A_ev ¶z`ª Askx`v‡i
cwiYZ n‡Z _v‡K|
¯^vaxbZv cieZ©xKv‡j G Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bi R‡b¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq| G
R‡b¨ 1972-G RvwiK…Z ivóªcwZi Av‡`k †÷U A¨vKzBwRkb A¨vÛ †UbvwÝ A¨v±I
G‡¶‡Î Lye GKUv cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡iwb| Gmgq LvmRwg weZiY we‡klfv‡e
¸iæZ¡ †c‡jI mg¯Í wkKw¯Í f~wg‡K LvmRwg †`Lv‡bvi d‡j bvbv mgm¨vi m„wó nq|
1984 mv‡j RvwiK…Z f~wg ms¯‥vi AwW©b¨v‡Ý LvmRwg weZi‡Y f~wgnxb‡ì
AMÖvwaKvi †èvi weavb ivLv n‡jI ivR‣bwZK cÿcvwZZ¡ Ges mswkøó‡ì
AmZZvi ìæY Zv-I cÖK…Z A‡_© dj`vqK nqwb| GB wewa mwVKfv‡e ev¯ÍevwqZ
bv nevi †cQ‡b f~wg Awdm KZ©„K cÖ¯Z ‘ K…Z LvmRwgi ZvwjKvi ÎæwU, BDwbqb
cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨vb KZ©„K cÖ`vbK…Z f~wgnxb‡ì ÎæwUc~Y© cÖZ¨qbcÎ,
ÿgZvmxb‡ì A‣ea cÖfve, LvmRwg weZi‡Yi Rb¨ MwVZ Dc‡Rjv KwgwU Ges
wewfbœ ch©v‡qi mswkøó Kg©KZ©v‡ì Ae‡njv I AmvayZvB g~jZ `vqx e‡j AwfÁ
gn‡ji aviYv|
128
LvmRwgi h_vh_ eÈ‡b me miKviB wewfbœ D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡ì cÖvqB
wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q LvmRwg msµvšÍ Am¤ú~Y© Z‡_ï Dci| nvIi GjvKvq wewfbœ
mgq ebR½j mvd K‡i wKsev bZzb K‡i †R‡M IVv P‡i Nievwo K‡i A‡bK
†jvK emwZ ïiæ Ki‡jI KZ©„c¶ G msµvšÍ Z_¨ msMÖn ev msiÿ‡Y h_vh_
f~wgKv ivL‡Z AvšÍwiKZvi cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡iwb| RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q, G mKj welq
Zviv IqvwKenvj n‡jI Amr †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y dvB‡j Zv msi¶Y K‡iwb|
f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b cÖYxZ f~wg eë¯’vcbv g¨vbyqv‡j miKvwi Rjgnvj BRviv
cÖ`v‡bi mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q| GB bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUeo
†gvU 10,108wU Rjgnvj eë¯’vcbvi mgy`q `vwqZ¡ n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q f~wg
gš¿Yvj‡qi Dci| Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q LvmRwg eë¯’vcbv I weZi‡Yi Rb¨ †h KwgwU
KvR K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v, mn: Kwgkbvi (f~wg) Ges BDwbqb
cwil` †Pqvig¨vb Qvov evwKiv †Zgb mwµq bb| KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
Dc‡Rjvq mn: Kwgkbvi (f~wg)-i c` Lvwj _vK‡j †m `vwqZ¡wUI cvjb K‡ib
Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v| eZ©gvb LvmRwg weZi‡Yi bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx
gyw³‡hv×v, m¶g cyÎmšÍvb i‡q‡Q Ggb weaev‡ì AMÖvwaKvi cvevi K_v| wKš‘
ev¯Í‡e Zvi cÖwZdjb †Zgb †`Lv hvq bv|
Rjgnvj BRviv msµvšÍ bxwZgvjvq ejv n‡q‡Q, f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi eë¯’vax‡b
cwiPvwjZ Rjgnvj¸wj bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx wbjv‡gi gva¨‡g BRviv †`qv n‡e| 3
†_‡K 20 GKi AvqZ‡bi Rjgnvj¸wj hye mgevq mwgwZ I 20 GK‡ii D‡aŸ©i
AvqZ‡bi Rjgnvj¸wj grm¨Rxex mgevq mwgwZ‡K BRviv †èvi wbqg i‡q‡Q|
bxwZgvjvq BRviv`vi‡ì grm¨bxwZ †g‡b gvQ aiv Ges Rjgnvj‡K wN‡i wewfbœ
Dbœqb cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q| GB Rjgnvj¸wj‡Z cÖK…Z
grm¨Rxex‡ì AwaKvi msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ mswkøó Dc‡Rjv Rjgnvj eë¯’vcbv
KwgwU ìLv¯ÍKvix mgevq mwgwZmg~‡ni mZ¨Zv hvPvB K‡i BRviv cÖ`vb m¤ú‡K©
Dc‡Rjv f~wg ms¯‥vi KwgwU, †Rjv Rjgnvj eë¯’vcbv mg¤^q KwgwU I †Rjv
f~wg ms¯‥vi ev¯Íevqb Uv¯‥ †dvm© KwgwUi Kv‡Q mycvwik Ki‡e| GB bxwZgvjv
Abyhvqx 20 GK‡ii D‡aŸ©i AvqZ‡bi Rjgnv‡ji eë¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ †Rjv
cÖkvm‡Ki Ici b¨v¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3 †_‡K 20 GKi ch©šÍ AvqZ‡bi cyKzi ev
e× Rjgnvj eë¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ Dc‡Rjv cwil‡ì| 1393 evsjv m‡b BRviv
g~j¨ 5,000 UvKvi Kg wQj Ggb AbwaK wZb GKi AvqZ‡bi Rjgnvjmg~n hv
129
RbM‡Yi cÖ_vMZ AwaKvi wnmv‡e mœvb Kiv, Kvco KuvPv, cvU cuPv‡bv, gvQ aiv,
†mP BZ¨vw` Kv‡R eënv‡ii Rb¨ msi¶Y Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| hvi
i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi `vwqZ¡ mswkøó BDwbqb cwil‡ì| G ai‡bi Rjgnvj ev Zvi Ask
KvD‡K BRviv †`qv hv‡e bv|
130
GKv`k Aa¨vq
nvIi GjvKvi mgm¨v
eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvq nvI‡ii w`‡K ZvKv‡j wekvj GKwU mgm¨v-wPÎ cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv
hvq| G¸‡jv †hgb ¸iæZ¡en †Zgwb †ÿÎ we‡k‡l ci¯úi we‡ivaxI| †hgb K…wli
Rb¨ †h ivmvqwbK `ª‡eï ¸iæZ¡ AwaK; RjR cÖvYxi Rb¨ Zv-B gvivZ¡K ÿwZi
KviY Ñ cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ web‡ói Rb¨ Gi `vq Ab¯^xKvh©| BwZnv‡mi
`„wó‡KvY †_‡K ZvKv‡j nvI‡ii AZxZ HwZn¨ Avi eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvq cÖwZdwjZ
G mKj welq aiv c‡o| my`~i AZx‡Z nvIi wQj grm¨ m¤ú‡ì AdzišÍ Avavi|
Bs‡iR kvm‡bi †klvsk †_‡K G AÂj grm¨ m¤ú‡ì cvkvcvwk K…wl m¤ú‡ì
m¤¢vebvgq LvZ wn‡m‡e Avwef~©Z nq| eZ©gv‡b nvIi K…wl‡ÿ‡Î •ecøweK
cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡ki GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© LvZ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| cwieZ©‡bi
†cÖÿvc‡U cÖvq kZvwaK erm‡ii hvÎvc‡_ GLvbKvi HwZnëvnx wKQz welq
wejywßi Av¯ÍvKuy‡o wbwÿß n‡q‡Q ev n‡”Q| wKQz wKQz bZzb welq Avevi eZ©gvb
ev¯ÍeZvq AbvMZ fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ HwZn¨ wbg©v‡Yi `vqI MÖnY Ki‡Q|
†h nvIi AÂ‡j cÖv‣MwZnvwmK Kv‡j cÖavbZ grm¨ AvniY K‡i RxweKv wbe©v‡ni
cÖqv‡m †mLvbKvi e„nr Rb‡Mvôxi Avevm M‡o D‡V wQj; †h ¯’vb ïay grm¨
m¤ú‡ì Db¥y³ Avavi wn‡m‡eB GK mgq gvbegÐjxi Kv‡Q MY¨ n‡Zv Ges †hB
Db¥y³ Rjvav‡i wbivc‡`-wbwe©ev‡` †mLvbKvi Awaevmxiv grm¨ wkKvi K‡i
¯^v”Q‡›` Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zv Ñ AvR Zv †KejB BwZnvm| n¨v ¯^xKvi Kwi, AvRI
nvIivÂj Db¥y³| Z‡e AZx‡Zi Db¥y³Zv Ges AvR‡Ki Db¥y³Zvi g‡a¨ eëavb
we¯Íi| AZx‡Z Db¥y³Zv ej‡Z Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k AmsL¨ grm¨cÖRvwZi evavnxb
wePiY Ges grm¨ wkKvwi ev grm¨Rxex‡ì evavnxb Avni‡Yi ¯^vaxbZv, kZ mnmª
†`kx-we‡`kx cvwLi Aev` Pjv, cÖvK…wZK fv‡e Rb¥v‡bv AMwYZ Dw™¢`-cÖRvwZi
†e‡o IVv BZ¨vw` eySv‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b Db¥y³Zv ej‡Z nvRvi nvRvi L‡Ð wef³
(miKvwifv‡e wPwýZ BRviv‡hvM¨ Rjgnvj) nvIivÂ‡j KZ©„cÿxq wbqš¿Y,
wba©vwiZ Rjgnv‡j gr‡mï wePiY I mswkøó BRviv`vi‡ì jvMvgnxb KZ©„Z,¡
cwiYv‡gi K_v bv †f‡e K…wl Rwg‡Z B”Qvbymv‡i ivmvqwbK `ª‡eï eënvi, Dw™¢`
131
I cvwL wba‡b wewa-wb‡la bv gvbv, †ÿÎ we‡k‡l cÖKí MÖn‡Yi bv‡g AcwiKwíZ
AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi gva¨‡g cwi‡ek webó ev AbvKvw•LZ `y‡h©v‡Mi SzwK evov‡bv
BZ¨vw` eySvq| A_P grm¨, K…wl I ch©Ub‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q mwVK cwiKíbvi
gva¨‡g AZxZ HwZn¨‡K mgybœZ †i‡L †mLv‡b Av`k© cwi‡ek M‡o †Zv‡j AwaK
cwigv‡Y A_©‣bwZK myweav Av`vq Kiv KwVb welq bq|
A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB †h, ÎæwUc~Y© Rjgnvj BRviv c×wZi Kvi‡Y m„ó bvbv
DcmM© nvIivÂ‡ji cwi‡ek web‡ó Amvgvb¨ f~wgKv ivL‡Q| gvÎ ¸wUKZK
gvby‡li bvbv weZwK©Z ev cÖkwœ e× D‡`¨vM-Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g cÖK…ZA‡_© bvggvÎ
g~‡j¨ Rjgnvj¸‡jv BRviv †Ìqv nq| cÖK…Z mydj †fv‡Mi `vwe`vi †mLvbKvi
Rb‡Mvôxi Zzjbvq bMb¨ msL¨K gvbyl eZ©gvb BRviv c×wZi mydj †fvM K‡i
_v‡K| Giv BRvivi gva¨‡g AwaKvi MÖnY c~e©K †mLv‡b Zv‡ì Pig †¯^”QvPvix
KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZôv K‡i| Gi d‡j miKvi †hgb cÖK…Z cvIbv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv,
†Zgwb †mLvbKvi g~j Awaevmx wecyj msL¨K gvbylI Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ AwaKvi †_‡K
ewÂZ n‡”Q| wewawb‡la D‡cÿv K‡i grm¨ Avni‡Yi bv‡g Zviv mswkøó GjvKvq
grm¨ m¤ú‡ì eske„w×i †hgb c_‡iva Ki‡Q †Zgwb Zv‡ì AbyKz‡j M„nxZ
c`‡ÿ‡ci Kvi‡Y Acivci RjPi cÖvYx I Dw™¢` ÿwZMÖ¯Í nIqvq cwi‡e‡ki
fvimvg¨ webó n‡”Q| nvI‡i †mLvbKvi Awaevmx‡ì AwaKvi bv _vKvq Zviv
mvgvwRK I A_©‣bwZK fv‡e wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| Awbqwš¿Z I AcwiYvg`k©x
ZrciZvq K…wl‡ÿ‡Î ivmvqwbK `ª‡eï eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y Rxe‣ewPÎ †hgb ûgwKi
m¤§yLxb n‡”Q †Zgwb †mLvbKvi gvwUi Dcv`vbMZ cwieZ©bI Z¡ivwš^Z n‡”Q| G
mKj Kvi‡Yi cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ cÖfv‡e †mLvbKvi mgvR-ms¯‥…wZ-A_©bxwZ
w`KåvšÍ ev ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡”Q|
nvIi AÂ‡ji AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi ¯îƒc I m¤¢vebvi †ÿÎwU †m AÂ‡ji
BwZnvm‡K Av‡›`vwjZ Ki‡Q| Gi cÖwZwU †ÿÎB c„_K c„_K fv‡e A_©‣bwZK,
mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK A½‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q| †mLvbKvi cÖwZwU
welqwfwËK mgm¨vi ¯îƒcI wfbœ wfbœ gvÎven| A‡bK mgq †Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡qi
mgm¨v Aci wel‡qi m¤¢vebviI KviY wn‡m‡e cÖZxqgvb n‡Z †`Lv hvq| ZvB
AZ¨šÍ my²fv‡e cÖ_‡g welqwfwËK mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZKi‡Yi ci mvgwMÖK
we‡ePbvq ¸iæZ¡‡f‡` Zv mgš^q KiZ `~i`k©x c`‡ÿ‡ci gva¨‡g nvIi †_‡K
me©vwaK mydj cÖvwßi c_ cÖk¯Í KivB mg‡qi `vwe| mvwe©K we‡ePbvq nvIi
132
GjvKvi mgm¨vmg~n‡K K…wl, grm¨ I cwi‡ek GB wZbwU cÖavb fv‡M fvM Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
K…wl msµvšÍ mgm¨v
K…wl msµvšÍ mgm¨v ej‡Z K…wl-Drcv`b Ges Gi mv‡_ mswkøó Ab¨vb¨
welqwfwËK Kvh©Kjvc I DcKiYMZ Amyweav mg~n eySvq| nvI‡i K…wli cÖavb
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A‡bK mgq cvwb A‡bK †e‡o hvq| d‡j NievwoI Zwj‡q hvq, moK †hvMv‡hvM
wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o Ges dm‡ji gvivZ¥K ¶wZ mvwaZ nq| nvIi GjvKvq cvwb
Dbœqb †ev‡W©i AwaKvsk euva AwMÖg ¯^vfvweK eb¨v †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ wbwg©Z Ñ hv
el©vKv‡j Wy‡e hvq| Av‡M Gme GjvKvq ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv avb Pvl n‡Zv| H
mKj ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi av‡bi Rb¨ exRZjv †_‡K cvKv ch©šÍ 120 w`b mgq jvMZ
Ges •PÎ gv‡mi gvSvgvwS mg‡q avb KvUv †kl n‡q †h‡Zv| wKš‘ m¤cÖwZ nvBweªW
av‡bi Pvl ïiæ nIqvq dmj Zzj‡Z A‡bK †ekx mgq jv‡M| D³ avb exRZjv
†_‡K cvKv ch©šÍ 140 †_‡K 150 w`b mgq †j‡M hvq| †h Kvi‡Y DVwZ dmj
eb¨vq ¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| G Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ dmj web¨vm
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cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© dmj Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY ìKvi|
GK mg‡q nvIi GjvKvq eb¨vi mv‡_ gvby‡li GKiKg AwfÁZvi m¤úK© wQj|
KLb, †Kvb b`x w`‡q, †Kvb nvIi, †Kvb gv‡m, cvnvwo X‡ji cvwb bvg‡e Zvi
GKUv wbqgixwZ gvby‡li †PbvRvbv wQj| wKš‘ eZ©gvb mg‡q GB wbqgixwZ cv‡ë
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mxgvnxb `y‡f©vM| GR‡b¨ `vqx Kiv nq fviZxq mxgvšÍ GjvKvi cÖwZ‡ekMZ
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AvMvg e„wócv‡Zi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z nq| ZvQvov cvnvo GjvKvi MvQcvjv,
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mv‡_ cwj I evwj †b‡g nvIi fivU n‡q hvIqvq cÖvqkt AKvj eb¨v ev Rjve×Zv
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FZz cwiµgvi K_v bZzb cÖRb¥ Rvb‡jI mswkøó gvm Ges •ewk‡óï mv‡_ cwiwPZ
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hvq bv|
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nvIi GjvKvi K…wl eë¯’vi Dci ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, weMZ 2000 †_‡K
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2006) dmj N‡i Zzj‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| MZ `k‡K †hLv‡b mviv †`‡k `vwi‡`ªi
nvi K‡g‡Q †mLv‡b mybvgM‡Ä GB nvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q| AbvKvw•LZ cÖvK…wZK
`y‡hv©‡Mi Kvi‡Y K…lK Zv‡ì N‡i dmj Zzj‡Z †Zv cvi‡QB bv eis wewb‡qv‡Mi
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gnvR‡bi KvQ †_‡K Pov my‡` FY wb‡Z eva¨ nq| GmKj Kvi‡Y K…wli †P‡q
jvfRbK †ckv †c‡jB cÖvwšÍK Pvlxiv Ab¨ †ckvq P‡j hvq|
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nvIi GjvKvi Rxeb RxweKv Z_v K…wleë¯’v cvk¦©eZ©x †`‡ki cwi‡ek I cÖK…wZi
DciI wbf©ikxj| ZvB †h †Kv‡bv cwiKíbvq mswkøó cÖwZwU welq we‡ePbvq wb‡q
ev¯ÍegyLx I `~i`k©x c`‡¶c MÖnY Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœB Riæix|
grm¨ m¤ú` msµvšÍ mgm¨v
grm¨ m¤ú` msµvšÍ mgm¨v ej‡Z nvIivÂ‡j grm¨ Drcv`b, AvniY, wecYb
msµvšÍ welqvw` msµvšÍ cÖwZK~jZv‡K eySv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
nvIi GjvKvi m¤ú` I HwZn¨‡K AšÍZc‡¶ Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡j mswkøó
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ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| `xN©w`‡bi Ae‡njv, Aeë¯’v I h_v_© cwiKíbvi Afv‡e
eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡”Q| †`‡ki grm¨fvÐvi I Rxe‣ewP‡Îï
Rb¨ HwZnëvnx GB nvIi AÂ‡ji eZ©gvb Ae¯’v `ytLRbK I AvksKvRbK|
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Rjvkq ms‡KvPb: Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mKj b`x mg~‡ni Drm¯’j cvnvo‡kªYx|
cvnvo mg~‡ni wkjv AwZwi³ ¶qcÖeb nIqvq b`x †mªv‡Z engvb cwj-evwj‡Z
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fvwU AskB eZ©gv‡b nvIi I wej wn‡m‡e cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ïay Zv-B bq GgbI
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nvI‡ii wPý ch©šÍ †bB| †hgb, mybvgM‡Äi Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjvi DËi eo`j
BDwbq‡b cPv‡kvj bv‡g nvIiwUi †Kv‡bv Aw¯ÍZ¡ eZ©gv‡b †bB| A_P GKKv‡j
135
Pvbcyi, iRbxbvB, AvgZjv, njnwjqv, cyivbNvU, kvwšÍcyi, eoQov I gvivg GB
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b`xi GKwU kvLv jvD‡oi Mo wUjvi Kv‡Q gvnvivg b`x n‡q cPv‡kvj nvI‡i
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wg‡k‡Q| LvBgvivI cPv‡kv‡ji GKwU Lvj wQj| Lvwmqv •RwšÍqv cvnvo †_‡K
cvnvwo X‡j GB mKj Lv‡ji †mªv‡Z e‡q Avmv evwj‡Z GB nvIi Zvi ¯îƒc
nvwi‡q †d‡j| 1974-75 mv‡j GB mgm¨v gvivZ¥K AvKvi aviY K‡i| 1988
mv‡ji eb¨vi ci cy‡iv cPv‡kvj nvIi cvnvwo evwj‡Z fivU n‡q hvq| Gfv‡e
nvI‡ii †Kej grm¨ I mg¯Í Rxe‣ewPÎB webó nqwb, ÿwZMÖ¯’ K…wl RwgI|
b`xi cvwb cÖevn µgv¤^‡q Kg‡Z _vKvq cwj R‡g b`xi MfxiZv n«vm cv‡”Q;
b`xi mv‡_ nvIi, wej I cøveb f~wgi ms‡hvM Lvj fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| Gi mv‡_
†hvM n‡”Q gvby‡li AcwiKwíZ m¤cÖmviY bxwZ| AbšÍKv‡ji GB avivevwnKZvq
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†M‡j †mLv‡b Pvl nq †ev‡iv avb I Ab¨vb¨ dmj| Gi ¯^v‡_© •Zix n‡”Q †mP I
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†g․my‡g Rjvkq †m‡P ïwK‡q gvQ a‡i| GB mKj Amvay BRviv`vi Ges
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2003 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z †g․jfxevRvi †Rjvi nvKvjywK nvI‡i msMwVZ NUbvq|
138
†mevi GKwU `yóPµ G nvI‡i wel‡Uvc w`‡q nvRvi nvRvi cvwL a‡i †bq|
welwµqvq PjvP‡ji kvw³ nviv‡bv cvwLi jU cvwL eëmvqx‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q
Zviv jvL jvL UvKv nvwZ‡q †bq| cywj‡ki wn‡m‡eB †mevi AwZwi³ welwµqvq
gviv hvq cÖvk `k nvRvi cvwL| GB NUbv wb‡q †mevi cÖkvmb I cwi‡ek-m‡PZb
gn‡j †Zvjcvo Kg nqwb| wej cvnviv`viiv digyR I nvwKg bv‡gi `yRb‡K
83wU g„Z cvwLmn Zz‡j †`q cywj‡ki nv‡Z| KzjvDov _vbvq gvgjv nq cwi‡ek
msi¶Y AvBb I evsjv‡`k `Ûwewai mswkøó avivq| nvKvjywK nvIi GjvKvi
IqvwKenvj †jvKR‡bi g‡Z, IB gvgjvq hv‡ì bv‡g PvR©kxU †`qv n‡qwQj Zviv
gyj wkKvwi‡ì †Pjv gvÎ| cÖK…Z wmwÛ‡KU Pµ me ai‡bi cywjwk Sv‡gjvi
evB‡iB †_‡K hvq|
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eënvi ïiæ nq, ZLb fvevB nqwb †h Gi d‡j cwi‡e‡ki wK e¨vcK cwigvY
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ch©v‡qB i‡q †M‡Q| Iw`‡K e„nËi K…lK mgvR AwaK dm‡ji bM` cÖvwßi j‡ÿ¨
w`b w`b Gi eënvi evwo‡qB P‡j‡Q| mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki eënv‡i cvwb I gvwU
welv³ nIqvi d‡j RjR eû cÖvYx I gv‡Qi cÖRvwZ AvR wejywßi c‡_| †h mg¯Í
cvwL H mKj GjvKvq emevm Ki‡Zv KxU cZ‡½i Afv‡e Zviv Avi †mbLv‡b
emevm Ki‡Z AvMÖn †eva K‡i bv|
nvIi GjvKvi ÔAvdvjÕ mgm¨v
c~‡e©B ejv n‡q‡Q nvIi gv‡b mvMim`„k we¯ÍxY© Rjvf~wg| eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvq nvIi
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlwfwËK A_©bxwZi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask wn‡m‡e Avwef~©Z n‡jI
GLbI gvbyl nvIi A‡_© cÖ_gZ wekvj Rjvf~wgB ey‡S _v‡K| AvKw®§K eb¨vi
K_v ev` w`‡jI nvIi AÂ‡ji AwaKvsk GjvKv GLbI cÖvq Qq gvm RjgMœ
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cwi‡ek mvM‡ii iƒc aviY K‡i| wbg©j AvKv‡k †mLvbKvi m~h©v‡¯Íi iƒc Avi
mgy‡`ª m~h©v‡¯Íi iƒc GKvKvi n‡q hvq| wew”Qbœfv‡e R‡jfvmv MÖvg¸‡jv †QvU †QvU
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cÖavb mgm¨v n‡”Q GB Avdvj| Bnv GLvbKvi fqven GK cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi
139
bvgvšÍi| hLb evZvm ïiæ nq ZLb me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o ÔAvdvj AvZ¼Õ| MÖv‡g
MÖv‡g ïiæ nq Avdvj cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖvYvšÍKi †Póv| el©vi cvwb Avi evZv‡mi m‡½
cvjøv w`‡q ev‡o †XD‡qi ZxeªZv| `yB †_‡K Pvi dzU D”PZvi Gme †XD G‡m
m‡Rv‡i AvNvZ K‡i nvIi GjvKvi MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z| nvI‡ii ey‡K Øx‡ci g‡Zv †f‡m
_vKv we¯ÍxY© MÖvg I Nievwo ZLb Abvqv‡k †f‡½ †h‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Avdvj ïiæ
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ÔAvdvjÕ n‡”Q nvI‡ii S‡ov evZvm I †XD‡qi d‡j m„ó GK fqven `y‡h©vMgq
cwiw¯’wZ| †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji gvby‡li Kv‡Q GB ÔAvdvjÕ kãwU G‡Kev‡i
AcwiwPZ n‡jI nvIi GjvKvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q GB kãwU GKwU AvZ¼¯îƒc|
cÖwZ ermiB el©vi †k‡l nvIi GjvKvi evwo¸‡jv‡Z gvwU †K‡U ev‡mvc‡hvMx
Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZ ermi gvwU KvUvi R‡b¨ †mLvbKvi gvbyl‡K cÖPzi A_© e¨q Ki‡Z
nq| wKš‘ A‡b‡Ki c‡¶B Zv m¤¢e n‡q D‡V bv| d‡j wKQy wKQy cwievi ¯’vb
Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| wewfbœ mg‡q eb¨v I Avdv‡ji ZvÐ‡e nvIivÂ‡ji eû MÖvg
I emZevwo nvIiM‡f© wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| Gme GLb cwiYZ n‡q‡Q nvI‡i|
†Kej LvwjqvRywi Dc‡Rjv‡ZB G iKg 22wU MÖv‡gi bvg cvIqv †M‡Q| MÖvg¸‡jv
n‡”Q t †lvokxMÄ, RM`xkcyi, gvMbcyi, weKbcyi, KvbvBbMi, myjZvbcyi,
Avgvwbcyi, Kvjxcyi, †ngbMi, Avmbcyi, byicyi, weµgcyi, KvPvwievwo,
nweebMi, `yM©vevwo, bMi, wkecyi, Kvgvievwo, biwmsncyi, mIZvj, bqvbMi I
`yM©vcyi| cÖvPxb gvbwP‡Î ev f~wg †iK‡W© G MÖvg¸‡jvi D‡jøL _vK‡jI G¸‡jv
GLb ïayB nvIi| G iKg eû MÖvg gy‡Q †M‡Q nvI‡ii gvbwPÎ †_‡K Ñ hvi cÖavb
KviY GB me©bvkv Avdvj|1
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mvaviYZ el©vi Av‡M nvI‡ii cvwb‡Z Avkxe©v` n‡q Rb¥ †bq ÔPvBj¨vÕ bv‡g GK
ai‡bi RjR AvMvQv| Gme AvMvQv msMÖn K‡i †Ni wn‡m‡e gvbyl MÖv‡gi ev wbR
wbR evwoi cv‡k a‡i ivLvi eë¯’v K‡i| hv‡ì evwoi cv‡k wbR¯^ Rwg Av‡Q
Zviv H Rwg‡Z a‡Â I †XvjKjgx RvZxq Dw™¢` Pvl K‡i †XD cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv
K‡i| A‡b‡K evwoi cv‡k euv‡ki LywU w`‡q fv½b cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv K‡i| m¤cÖwZ
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MÖv‡gi cv‡k wewfbœ GbwRI ms¯’v evu‡ai m„wó K‡i H mKj
MÖvg¸‡jv‡K fv½‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶vi c_ wKQyUv myMg K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ G eë¯’vI
140
¯’vqx bq| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z nvI‡ii gaëZ©x MÖvg¸‡jvi cv‡k ¯’vqx cvKv euva wbg©vY
Qvov Kvh©Kifv‡e Avdvj cÖwZ‡iva m¤¢e bq| Z‡e mvgwqK c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e
MÖvg¸‡jvi cv‡k e¨vcK nv‡i wnRj, KiP, †XvjKjgx I a‡Â RvZxq nvIievÜe
MvQ †ivcY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb e¨vcK Rbm‡PZbZv I miKvwi-
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As‡ki †hvMvb Av‡m nvIi †_‡K| Avevi †`‡ki cÖavb Lv`¨ kl¨ av‡biI
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ As‡ki †hvMvb Av‡m GB nvIivÂj †_‡K| GQvov nvI‡ii Ab¨vb¨
Rxe‣ewPÎÏ RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY Ae`vb ivL‡Q| Z‡e nvIi
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nvIi GjvKvi mgm¨vI G `yÕwU LvZ‡K›`ªxK c„_K gvÎv wewkó| Gi mv‡_ †hvM
n‡e cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vi w`KwUI|
nvI‡ii †hvMv‡hvM mgm¨v
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nvI‡ii mePvB‡Z eo mgm¨vB nj hvZvqvZ| wbPy GjvKv nIqvq erm‡ii AwaK
mgq G AÂj RjgMœ _v‡K| d‡j †b․Kv ev Rjhvb Qvov hvZvqvZ m¤¢e bq| ï®‥
†g․my‡g cv‡q Pjv †gVy c_B m¤^j| MÖvg †_‡K BDwbqb, BDwbqb †_‡K Dc‡Rjv,
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Dbœqb †ev‡W©i euva Ges Ab¨vb¨ KuvPv mo‡Ki gva¨‡g eZ©gv‡b wKQyUv hvZvqvZ
m¤¢e n‡jI cÖwZ ermi eb¨vq G mKj bó n‡q hvIqvq mnR †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †Zgb
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cwi‡ek, HwZn¨ I Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ eûjvs‡k ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q Zv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L
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141
gvivZ¥K mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| GKB Kvi‡Y `yM©g GjvKvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
MÖv‡g M‡o D‡V‡Q Acivax Pµ| nvI‡ii †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MÖvg †Pvi-WvKv‡Zi MÖvg
wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ| Giv cÖvqB Avkcv‡ki MÖvgvÂ‡j Pzwi-WvKvwZmn PjvPjiZ
Rjhv‡b nvgjv K‡i mvaviY hvÎx, eëmvqx I K…lK‡ì me©¯^ jy‡U †bq|
Rjevqy cwieZ©b ev wMªbnvDR cÖwZwµqv I Gi cÖfve
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cvwbi ev®ú, Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, wg‡_b cÖf…wZ †Uªm M¨vm f~-c„‡ôi KvQvKvwQ
AÂ‡j Zvc a‡i ivLvi gva¨‡g MÖxbnvDm cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡i ev Dòvqb NUvq|
D³ wbqgm~Î g‡Z f~-c„‡ôi ev‡qvgÐ‡j †Uªm M¨v‡mi gvÎv ev mÂvqb †e‡o †M‡j
wbgœ ev‡qvgÐ‡j AwaK Zvc ev BÜb-kw³ AvU‡K _v‡K| G‡Z c„w_ex c„‡ôi
ZvcgvÎv ev‡o, e„wócv‡Zi aviv •ewk‡ó¨ I wek¦ Rjevqy‡Z AviI bvbv iK‡gi
AcÖZ¨vwkZ cwieZ©b N‡U| Zv‡ì aviYv wQj, gvby‡li Kvh©Kjv‡ci d‡j m„ó
M¨v‡mi mÂvqb-Gi cÖwZwµqvq eZ©gvb cÖR‡b¥i AwaKvsk gvby‡li RxeÏkvqB
c„w_exi Mo DòZv †e‡o hv‡e| weÁvbxiv Abygvb K‡ib, gvby‡li bvbv
Kvh©Kjv‡ci Rb¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨B evqygÐ‡j kZ kZ †KvwU Ub Kve©b wbtmiY n‡q‡Q|
Gi cÖfv‡e wbKU fwel¨‡ZB c„w_exc„‡ô gvivZ¥K wech©q †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| mviv
we‡k¦ 1980-i `kK me‡P‡q DËß `kK e‡j †iKW© Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1988 mv‡ji
MÖx‡®§ mßv‡ni ci mßvn hLb Liv I `ytmn Mi‡gi ga¨ w`‡q Kv‡U ZLb wek¦ -
cwi‡e‡ki e¨vcv‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi wPšÍv-†PZbv I g‡bvfv‡e GK hyMvšÍKvix
cwieZ©b N‡U| ZLb gvbyl weÁv‡bi wbqgm~Î wb‡q weÁvbx‡ì `xN©w`‡bi Mfxi
D‡ØM m¤úwK©Z welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z eva¨ nq| ZLb †_‡KB evqygÐ‡ji
Dòvqb-cÖwZwµqvq wbKU fwel¨‡Z gvivZ¥K wech©‡qi Avk¼v‡ev‡a gvbyl ZvwoZ
n‡Z _v‡K| evqygÐ‡ji GB wbqgm~Î ev g~jbxwZB ÔMÖxbnvDm cÖwZwµqvÕ bv‡g
cwiwPZ|2
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evqygÐ‡j weivgnxb fv‡e MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi gvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q| Gi d‡j evqygÐ‡j
m„ó Zv‡ci cÖwZwµqvq we‡k¦i wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi wngevn I ¯’jfv‡Mi eid Av‡Mi
†P‡q `ªæZ MwZ‡Z M‡j hv‡e Ges H eidMjv cvwb‡Z mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv evo‡Z
_vK‡e| mgy`ª Zvi Dcwifv‡Mi evZvm †_‡K AwZwi³ Zvc we‡kvlY K‡i e‡j
mgy‡`ªi cvwbi ùxwZ NU‡e|
142
eZ©gvb mg‡q gvbe mgv‡Ri bvbv wµqvKjvc I cwi‡ekMZ evaëv`KZvi
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Gi mxgv Av‡Q| AvMvgx kZ‡Ki c‡i nq‡Zv eZ©gv‡bi wØ¸Y gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRbxq
Lv`¨ I BÜbkw³ †hvMv‡Z n‡e| hwÌ gvbyl bZzb bZzb mvgMÖx, bZzb ai‡bi
BÜbkw³ I bZzb bZzb cÖwµqv Avwe®‥v‡ii weivgnxb cÖqv‡m wb‡qvwRZ Zey G K_v
A¯^xKvi Kivi m~‡hvM †bB †h, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` ÿq I gvby‡li Kvh©KjvcRwbZ
`~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y gvbe mgvR GLb m¤¢vebv-k¼vi hyMmwÜ‡Z G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q|
cwi‡e‡ki Aeë¯’vcbv I AwZeënv‡ii d‡j Avgv‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡B nq‡Zvev wecbœ
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Ki‡Q, hv‡Z cwi‡e‡ki Ac~iYxq ÿwZ mvwaZ n‡”Q| Avevi Dbœq‡bi bv‡g
Aby¯§„Z AcwiYvg`k©x ZrciZvI gvivZ¥K wech©q †W‡K Avb‡Q e‡j
cwi‡ekwe`MY g‡b Ki‡Qb| e¯‘Z Avgiv †hme KvR KiwQ Zv‡Z c„w_exi
cÖvYm¤ú` †hgb SuzwKi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q, †Zgwb Rjevqyi ¯^vfvweK wbqgI e`jv‡”Q,
evqygÐ‡ji MVb cv‡ë hv‡”Q, Rjvavi¸‡jvi ivmvqwbK fvimvg¨ ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡”Q|
cwi‡ek m¤úwK©Z AvšÍRv© wZK ch©v‡qi we‡eP¨ welqm~wP wewPÎ I RwUj; Z‡e
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143
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bvMv` mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv AvbygvwbK 13 †mw›UwgUvi evo‡e| G Kvi‡Y GwM‡q
Avmv mvM‡ii cvwb‡Z †`‡ki †gvU AvqZ‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY f~wg Zwj‡q
hv‡e| GB Rwg †_‡K †`‡ki Rbmgwói 15 kZvs‡ki RxweKv wbe©vn n‡q _v‡K|
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†h AvqZ‡bi f~LÐ mgy‡`ª Zwj‡q hv‡e Zv †_‡K †`‡ki †gvU Rbmgwói 35
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mn‡hvMxiv wgmi I evsjv‡`‡k Av_©bxwZK I gvbexq †ÿ‡Î mgy‡`ªi cvwbi
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Ges 2100 mvj bvMv` 217 †mw›UwgUvi e„w×| Gici Zuviv wZbwU `„k¨c‡Ui
(Scenario) aviYv ùvo Kwi‡q‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ Ôme‡P‡q AbyK~j cwiw¯’wZÕ
Abyhvqx g‡b Kiv nq, wek¦ ch©v‡q mgy‡`ªi cvwbZ‡ji D”PZve„w× n‡e b~¨bZg Ges
eØx‡ci Ae¯’vq fvimvg¨ weivR Ki‡e| me‡P‡q ÔcÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZÕ Abyhvqx aiv
nq, mgy‡`ªi cvwbZ‡ji D”PZv me©vwaK evo‡e Ges cy‡ivcywi euva w`‡q eØx‡c
b`xevwnZ cwji cÖevn Ab¨Lv‡Z Nywi‡q †Ìqv n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î cwj eØxc AÂ‡ji
g„wËKvi ÿqc~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi †mB Kvi‡Y cÖvK…wZK ÿq (natural
subsidence) ev msbgb mgy‡`ªi cvwbZ‡ji D”PZvi Zzjbvg~jK nvi evov‡e|
ÔmwZ¨Kv‡ii GKvšÍ cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZ‡ZÕ a‡i †bIqv nq †h, cÖvK…wZK ÿq f~Mf©¯’
cvwbi AwZwi³ D‡Ëvjb I LiP Ges wek¦ ch©v‡q mgy‡`ªi cvwbZ‡ji me©vwaK
D”PZve„w× wg‡j AviI Pig AvKvi aviY Ki‡e|Ó4
144
G m¤úwK©Z wnmve Abygvb Abyhvqx G AÂ‡j AviI Nb Nb So-SÅvi m„wó n‡e|
hw` G Abygvb †kl ch©šÍ mwZ¨ nq Zvn‡j wek¦ Dòvq‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki `y`©kv
gvivZ¥K AvKvi aviY Ki‡e| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ eQi M‡o †òwU K‡i cÖPÐ mvgyw`ªK
So evsjv‡`‡k AvNvZ †n‡b _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y m„ó R‡jv”Q¡vm †`‡ki 200 wK.wg.
ch©šÍ †fZ‡i b`x eivei cÖ‡ek K‡i| hw` G ai‡Yi So AviI Nb Nb n‡Z _v‡K
I mgy‡`ªi cvwbZj AviI DuPz nq, Zvn‡j SoRwbZ R‡jv”Q¡vm g~j
†jvKvjq¸‡jvi w`‡K Av‡iv †ewk K‡i †a‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| Rjevqy
cwieZ©bRwbZ Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZwµqvi d‡j Lv‡`¨vØ„Ë m¤úbœ GB AÂ‡ji K…wl eë¯’vq
aŸm bvg‡j mgMÖ †`‡kB Gi cÖfve cÖwZdwjZ n‡e| cwi‡ek wech©‡qi cÖfv‡e
RbRxeb `ywe©mn n‡q DV‡e| cÖK„Zc‡ÿ GB DòZi Rjevqyi cªfv‡e wK wK
cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i Zvi me¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© weÁvbxivI Av‡M †_‡K mwVK aviYv
w`‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| Z‡e Gi d‡j mgy`ªc„‡ô cvwbZ‡ji D”PZv e„w×i wel‡q Zviv
wbwðZ| Zuv‡ì g‡Z, G‡Z †jvKRb Kvh©Z evwoNi Qvo‡Z wKsev Zv‡ì bMi-
Rbc`¸‡jvi Pviw`‡K `yM©er iÿveë¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z eva¨ n‡e| we‡k¦ wk‡ívbœZ
†`k¸‡jv me‡P‡q †ewk MÖxbnvDR M¨vm m„wói Rb¨ `vqx n‡jI †evaMg¨ Kvi‡YB
H †`k¸‡jv mgy‡`ªi †e‡o IVv cvwbi cvëv cÖhyw³MZ wbeviYg~jK eë¯’v MÖn‡YI
mÿg (hwÌ G‡Z Zv‡ì wecyj e¨q n‡e)| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki c‡ÿB
G ai‡Yi eë¯’v †bIqv m¤¢e bq| evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ‡Zv bqB|
f~ZvwË¡K we‡kølY I cvwicvwk¦©K ev¯ÍeZvq cÖgvwYZ nq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki nvIi
AÂj my`~i AZx‡Z e‡½vcmvM‡iiB Ask wQj Ges b`xevwnZ µgmwÂZ cwj Øviv
GLvbKvi mgZj f~wg MwVZ n‡q‡Q| nvIivÂ‡ji MfxiZv †`‡ki Acivci
AÂ‡ji Zzjbvq me©vwaK| mgy`ªc„ô n‡Z Gi Mo D”PZv 2 wgUvi †_‡K 4 wgUvi|
mybvgMÄ Ges nweMÄ †Rjvi wKQz msL¨K nvI‡ii Mo D”PZv 1.5 wgUvi †_‡K 2
wgUvi| M‡elKM‡Yi g‡Z, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv 1 wgUvi evo‡j nvIivÂ‡j cvwbi
D”PZv Kgc‡ÿ 0.5 wgUvi evo‡e| myZivs mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i cÖfv‡e
DcK~jxq AÂ‡ji cvkvcvwk †`‡ki Af¨šÍi fv‡M G AÂjB me©vwaK Ges
me©cÖ_g ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡e|
miKvwi bxwZgvjvi mgm¨v, mxgve×Zv I mgš^qnxbZv
1977 mv‡ji 22 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡Li GK AwW©b¨v‡Ýi gva¨‡g ÔnvIi Dbœqb †evW©Õ
MwVZ nq| wKš‘ 1982 mv‡ji 21 †m‡Þ¤î Dnv wejyß †NvlYv Kiv nq|
145
cieZ©x‡Z cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq 2000 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤î GK †i‡RvwjDk‡bi
gva¨‡g †`‡ki mKj nvIi I Rjvf~wgi mgwš^Z Dbœqb I myôz eë¯’vcbvi j‡ÿ¨
cybivq Ôevsjv‡`k nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb †evW©Õ†K cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi
mshy³ Awdm wn‡m‡e AšÍfy³ © Kiv nq5 D³ †ev‡W©i †Pqvicvm©b iv‡óªi
cÖavbgš¿x| ¯’vbxq miKvi cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq, A_© gš¿Yvjq, cwi‡ek
I eb gš¿Yvjq, cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq, K…wl gš¿Yvjq, grm¨ I cïm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq,
f~wg gš¿Yvjq I cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjqmn miKvi KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ mswkøó GjvKvi
wZbRb msm` m`m¨‡K D³ †evW© KwgwUi AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GgZe¯’vq nvIi
Dbœqb †evW© hwÌ nvI‡ii Dbœq‡b mswkøó gš¿Yvjqmg~n‡K mgwš^Z K‡i KvR
Kivi K_v wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e Gi †Kv‡bv Qvc nvIievmx †`L‡Z cvq bv| mgš^qnxbZvi
ìæY M„nxZ bvbv cÖKí nvIi GjvKvi mgm¨v `~i Kivi cwie‡Z© A‡bK †ÿ‡Î
Av‡iv †ewk mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i _v‡K| me PvB‡Z `ytLRbK welq n‡”Q, nvIi
GjvKvi †Kv‡bv ai‡bi K…wl ev grm¨ Dbœqb Kg©m~Px wKsev AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb
cÖK‡íi ïiæ‡Z ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi AskMÖnYg~jK gZvgZ I wm×všÍ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv
nq bv| Dbœq‡bi bv‡g ev¯ÍevwqZ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖKí miKv‡ii mswkøó wefv‡Mi
LwZqvb wKsev Rb cÖwZwbwa‡ì †fvU cÖv_©bvKvjxb Iqv`v c~i‡Y wekvj gvBj
djK wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡jI Gi cÖfve †h KZUv fqven AvKvi aviY Ki‡Z
cv‡i Zv •`wbK cwÎKvi cvZvq cÖvqkB †Pv‡L c‡o| †KejgvÎ mgš^qnxbZvi
ìæY ev¯ÍevwqZ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g cÖvY‣ewPÎ, K…wl‣ewPÎ I
RbRxe‡bi Ac~ibxq ÿwZ mvwaZ n‡”Q Abvqv‡k|
Avgv‡ì †`‡k we`¨gvb bxwZmg~n A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB AmvgÄm¨c~Y© Ges mgš^qnxb|
†`Lv hvq f~wg wel‡q wKQz Ki‡Z †M‡j Zv grm¨ wefv‡Mi mv‡_ Lvc Lvq bv; cvwb
wb‡q wKQz Ki‡Z †M‡j Zv eb I cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Lvc Lvq bv| nvIi GjvKv‡Zv
wew”Qbœ GKK †Kv‡bv welq bq| Rj, gvwU, kl¨, eb, RxeRš‘ Ges RbRxeb
wb‡qB nvIi AÂj| Gi GKwU‡K ev` w`‡q Ab¨wUi cÖwZ we‡kl g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q
mvgwqK DcKvi cvIqv †M‡jI Zv `xN©¯’vqx ÿwZi KviY wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡Z
eva¨| ZvB nvIi AÂ‡ji Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mw¤§wjZ bxwZgvjvi gva¨‡g mgwš^Z
cÖKí MÖn‡Yi weKí †bB|
nvIi GjvKvi LvmRwg weZiY cÖwµqv, eë¯’vcbv I mvgvwRK †¶‡Î bvbv mgm¨v
we`¨gvb| f~wg msµvšÍ mvgvwRK mgm¨vmg~‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q RbM‡Yi LvmRwg
146
eÈb msµvšÍ wbqgbxwZ I cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© AÁZv, cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© I mgq w`‡Z
bv cviv, nvIi GjvKvi AwaKvsk `wi`ª gvby‡li abx e¨w³‡ì m‡½ cÖf~-f„‡Zï
g‡Zv m¤úK© m„wó cÖf„wZ| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖkvmwbK I eë¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î Av‡Q
Rwgi Ach©vß Rwic, bevqbK…Z †iKW© Ae ivBUm& (AviIAvi) bv _vKv,
RwicKv‡R ch©vß mgq jvMv‡bv, †g․myg e`j n‡jI GjvKvi f~wg‡Z †h cwieZ©b
m~wPZ nq Rwi‡c Zvi †Kv‡bv Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ bv Kiv, cÖfvekvjx e¨w³‡ì KvQ
†_‡K myweav wb‡q Rwi‡ci mgq LvmRwg‡K e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Rwg wn‡m‡e
†`Lv‡bv, D‡Ïk¨g~jK fv‡e Rwi‡c fzj Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv, f~wgnxb‡ì wPwýZ
I AMÖvwaKvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb Kivi †¶‡Î nZ`wi`ª‡ì LvmRwg cvIqvi my‡hvM
†_‡K ewÂZ Kiv, A‣ea `Lj`vi‡ì KvQ †_‡K LvmRwg D×v‡i Kvh©Ki f~wgKv
bv ivLv BZ¨vw`| G mKj welq mvg‡b †i‡L †h bxwZgvjv cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q Zv
h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Kiv m¤¢e n‡j eZ©gv‡b f~wg e‡›`ve¯Í I Rjgnvj BRvivi
†¶‡Î †h Aeë¯’v weivR Ki‡Q, Zvi A‡bKUvB wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e n‡Zv| wKš‘
†mUv Av‡`․ n‡”Q bv|
Rjgnvj BRvivi Rb¨ cÖYxZ bxwZgvjvqI A‡bK mxgve×Zv Av‡Q e‡j
we‡klÁiv g‡b K‡ib| bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡b gvVch©v‡qi AwfÁZv‡K hw` Kv‡R
jvMv‡bv †hZ Ges ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi hw` Kvh©Ki AskMÖnY _vKZ Zvn‡j Gme
mxgve×Zv AwZµg Kiv mnR n‡Zv| wb‡gœ G msµvšÍ wKQz mxgve×Zv m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv|
1. BRviv bxwZgvjvq 20 GK‡ii D‡aŸ©i Rjgnvj¸‡jv cÖ_g I wØZxq
†UÛv‡i grm¨Rxex mgevq mwgwZ‡K BRviv †èvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
†hLv‡b grm¨Rxexiv `y‡ejv †cUcy‡i Lvevi g‡Zv A_©‣bwZK Ae¯’vq
†bB, †mLv‡b Gme mgevq mwgwZi c‡¶ wecyj A_© wewb‡qvM K‡i
Rjgnvj¸‡jv BRviv †bqv m¤¢e nq bv| d‡j ivR‣bwZK QÎQvqvq
cÖfvekvjx cyuwRcwZiv grm¨Rxex mwgwZi m`m¨‡ì‡K bvggvÎ myweav
w`‡q Zv‡ì mwgwZi e¨vbvi eënvi K‡i wb‡Riv Gme Rjgnv‡ji
wbqš¿Y wb‡q wb‡”Q|
2. 3 †_‡K AbyaŸ© 20 GK‡ii Rjgnvj¸‡jv‡K ¯’vbxq hye mgevq
mwgwZ¸‡jv‡K BRviv †èvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †`‡ki †Kv‡bv
GjvKvi ev¯ÍeZvB Ggb bq †h, hye mgevq mwgwZ¸‡jv wecyj cwigvY
147
UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j hye mgevq mwgwZi e¨vbv‡i cuywRcwZ
eëmvqx †kÖwY BRviv MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM nvwZ‡q wb‡”Q|
3. bxwZgvjvq wbjv‡gi †¶‡Î MÖnY‡hvM¨ WvKg~j¨ c~e©eZ©x eQ‡ii Zzjbvq
cieZ©x eQ‡i AšÍZ 25% †ewk n‡Z n‡e ejv n‡q‡Q| GB wbqg `wi`ª
grm¨Rxex‡ì BRviv MÖnY‡K wbiærmvwnZ K‡i cÖfvekvjx e¨w³‡ì
wbqš¿‡Yi my‡hvM e„w× K‡i‡Q|
4. BRviv MÖn‡Yi mgq BRviv`viiv Rjgnvj Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †hme cÖwZkÖæwZ
w`‡q _v‡Kb, †mme cÖwZkÖæwZ ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q wK-bv Zv gwbUwis‡qi
wb‡`©k Ges cÖwZkÖæwZ ev¯Íevqb bv Ki‡j Zvi R‡b¨ kvw¯Íi †Kv‡bv
eë¯’v bxwZgvjvq bv _vKvq wej ev nvIi GjvKvi cwi‡ek gvivZ¥K
fv‡e webó n‡”Q|
5. grm¨Pv‡li Rb¨B g~jZ Rjgnvj¸‡jv‡K BRviv †`qv nq| myZivs G
wel‡q f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi Zzjbvq grm¨ I cïcvjb gš¿Yvj‡qi
cvi`wk©ZvB †ewk _vKvi K_v| Zv‡ì AwfÁZv G‡¶‡Î Kv‡R jvMv‡bv
†M‡j grm¨ I Rjgnvj Dbœq‡b Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zv| wKš‘ bxwZgvjvq G `vwqZ¡ b¨v¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi
Ici| d‡j G Lv‡Z h_vh_ mydj jvf m¤¢e n‡”Q bv|
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK
BZ:c~‡e©B Rvbv †M‡Q †h, nvIimg~‡ni f~wgi D”PZv mgy`ª mgZj †_‡K cÖvq 4
wgUvi DuPz| mybvgMÄ I nweMÄ GjvKvi nvIi¸‡jvi D”PZv gvÎ cÖvq 2 dzU| G
Kvi‡Y fvi‡Zi †gNvjq I eivK DcZ¨Kvi †h †Kv‡bv e„wócv‡Zi cvwb mevi
Av‡M mybvgMÄ I nweMÄ GjvKvi nvI‡ii w`‡K avweZ nq Ges µgk Ab¨
GjvKvi nvIi¸‡jv c~Y© Kievi ci `w¶‡Y mvM‡ii w`‡K avweZ nq|
cøvebf~wg Øviv cwi‡ewóZ nvIi AeevwnKv PvwiwÎKfv‡e we¯Í…Z AmsL¨ Mfxi Lv`
Z_v we‡ji mgvnvi| cvk¦©eZ©x cvnvo I D”Pf~wg †_‡K Drcbœ AmsL¨ b`xevwnZ
ch©vß Rj Mwo‡q G‡m el©vKv‡j GLv‡b evBk¨v ev me©cøvex eb¨vi m„wó K‡i| G
mgq m„ó Avdvj-Gi (nvI‡ii Zxeª †XD) ZvÐ‡e †mLvbKvi RbRxeb wecbœ n‡q
c‡o| ZvQvov †PivcywÄi wbKUeZ©x nIqvq †`‡ki Mo e„wócv‡Zi Zzjbvq G
148
AÂ‡j A‡bK †ewk e„wócvZ nq| Gme e„wói m‡½ KL‡bv KL‡bv wkjvcvZI N‡U
_v‡K|
AZx‡Z nvIi GjvKvq ¯’vbxq †ev‡iv av‡bi Pvl n‡Zv Ñ hv •PÎgv‡mi gvSvgvwSB
gvovB Kiv †hZ| wKš‘ µgkt Gme GjvKvi wbgœvÂj D”P djbkxj †ev‡iv av‡bi
Pvl ïiæ n‡j dmj †Zvjvi mgq •ekvL gv‡mi †kl w`K ch©šÍ wcwQ‡q hvq|
el©vKv‡j nvI‡ii wejmg~‡n cvwb Rg‡e GUv G GjvKvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q LyeB
¯^vfvweK NUbv| dmj gvovB n‡q hvevi c‡i AvMZ GiKg cvwb eo ai‡bi
†Kv‡bv ¶wZi KviY nq bv| wKš‘ gvovB †g․myg ïiæ nIqvi Av‡M ev gvovB‡qi
gvSvgvwS mg‡q nVvr eb¨vi AvMgb NU‡j Zv GjvKvi gvby‡li Pig me©bv‡ki
KviY n‡q I‡V| †h Kvi‡Y mvaviYZ 3/4 ermi AšÍi AšÍi GKevi cy‡ivcywi
†ev‡iv dmj N‡i †Zvjv m¤¢e nq| AwaKvsk mg‡qB nVvr eb¨v MÖvm K‡i wb‡q
hvq cvKv I AvavcvKv mg¯Í dmj| nvIi GjvKvi cÖavb mgm¨vB n‡jv GB
AvMvg eb¨v| GwU †VKv‡bv †M‡j †h cwigvY †ev‡iv dmj K…l‡Kiv N‡i Zzj‡Z
cvi‡e, Zv RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Aek¨ cwi‡ek weÁvbx‡ì aviYv,
G GjvKvq c~Y© eb¨v wbqš¿Y eë¯’v cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j HwZnvwmKfv‡e M‡o IVv
†mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek webó n‡q hv‡e Ñ hv my`~icÖmvix ¶wZiI KviY n‡Z
cv‡i|
AcwiKwíZfv‡e cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i c×wZMZ ÎæwUhy³ euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j cÖvq
mKj nvIi GjvKvqB Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y nVvr eb¨vi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z nq| MZ
†m‡Þ¤î 2010 msL¨v mgKvj cwÎKvi GKwU wi‡cv‡U© Gi mg_©b cvIqv hvq|
D³ wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q, bexM‡Äi DRv‡b KvMvejv evRv‡ii Kv‡Q ivevi W¨vg
wbg©vY Ges †Mvcjv b`x‡Z 2004 mv‡j cÖvq 500 wgUvi `xN© GKwU euva wbg©vY
ivLvq cvwb wb®‥vk‡bi c_ iƒ× n‡q †M‡Q| Dc‡Rjvi w`bvicyi BDwq‡bi mv‡eK
†Pqvig¨vb BRvRyi ingvb Rvbvb, KvMvejv evRv‡ii Kv‡Q ivevi W¨vg I euva
AcmviY K‡i cvwb wb®‥vk‡bi eë¯’v K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| cvwb Dbœqb †evW© I
miKv‡ii D”Pch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©viv GKvwaKevi Rjve× GjvKv cwi`k©b K‡i
†M‡Qb| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv KvR n‡”Q bv| ¯’vbxq msm` m`m¨ AvjnvR¡ †Ìqvb dwi`
MvRx Rvbvb, Rb`y‡f©v‡Mi welqwU wZwb cÖavbgš¿x‡K AewnZ K‡i‡Qb| Awej‡¤^
ivevi W¨vg I euva AcmviY Kiv bv n‡j †hgb nvBj nvI‡ii Rjve×Zv KvU‡e
149
bv, †Zgwb ïK‡bv †g․my‡g fvwU AÂ‡j nweM‡Äi 4wU Dc‡Rjv weivb n‡e cvwbi
Rb¨|6
RbcÖkvmwbK cÖwZKyjZv
Dc‡Rjv m`‡i we‡kl †Kv‡bv miKvwi Av‡qvRb bv _vK‡j, gv‡mi gvSvgvwS
mg‡q nvIi Aay¨wlZ †Kv‡bv Dc‡Rjvq †M‡j †gvU miKvwi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixi 25
kZvsk‡KI Zv‡ì Kg©¯‡’ j Dcw¯’Z cvIqv hv‡e bv e‡j RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q| nvIi
GjvKvq GwU bvwK I‡cb wm‡µU welq| Kg©KZ©v‡ì wbqwgZ Abycw¯’wZUv GLv‡b
A‡bKUvB wbq‡g cwiYZ n‡q †M‡Q| 2004 mv‡j GKevi mybvgM‡Äi wek¦¤îcyi
Dc‡Rjvq mswkøó GjvKvi Ggwcmn †Kwe‡bU mwPe cwi`k©‡b wM‡q Gi mZ¨Zv
hvPvB K‡ib| wKš‘ A`¨vewa Gi †Kv‡bv mydj cÖwZdwjZ nqwb|
Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì AwaKvskB Kg©¯‡’ j mcwiev‡i _v‡Kb bv| Zv‡ì
cwievieM© _v‡K wbKU¯’ †Rjv kn‡i A_ev ivRavbx‡Z| m½Z Kvi‡YB Zviv
cwievie‡M©i mv‡_ gv‡mi cÖvq A‡a©K A_ev ZviI †ewk mgq KvUvb| Aek¨
Kg©KZ©v‡ì Abycw¯’wZi G wPÎ e`‡j hvq gv‡mi †klw`‡K| ZLb K‡qKw`‡bi
Rb¨ Zviv Kg©¯’‡j wM‡q nvwRiv LvZvq Abycw¯’wZi w`b¸‡jvi ¯^v¶i K‡ib, R‡g
_vKv KvRKg© mv‡ib, †eZb IVvb| cieZ©x gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n Zvovû‡ov K‡i
`vßwiK †hvMv‡hvM¸‡jv †m‡i AveviI cwievi m›`k©‡b hvÎv K‡ib| GB n‡jv
nvIi GjvKvi RbcÖkvmwbK Ae¯’vi wPÎ| wKš‘ wbqwgZ †eZbf~³ Kg©KZ©v‡ì
Kg©¯‡’ j jvMvZvi Abycw¯’wZ‡K Rv‡qR Kievi hyw³m½Z †Kv‡bv Reve _vK‡Z
cv‡i bv| Z‡e GKUv †Luvov hyw³ Gm‡ei c‡¶ cÖvqB D”PvwiZ n‡Z †kvbv hvq †h,
Gme GjvKvq Kg©iZ‡ì AwaKvskB g‡b K‡ib †h, GwU wQj Zv‡ì GKwU
cvwbk‡g›U UªvÝdvi| cvwbk‡g›U KL‡bv fv‡jv dj e‡q Av‡b bv| hwÌ GB
cvwbk‡g›U UªvÝdvi‡K A‡b‡KB †kl ch©šÍ Avkxe©v‡` cwiYZ K‡i †bb| GwU n‡q
I‡V Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Aeva jyUcv‡Ui jvB‡mÝ| evwKiv GLv‡b †cvwós‡qi †MvUv
mgqwU‡KB h‡_”Q wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i eënvi K‡ib| B‡”Q n‡j Kg©¯‡’ j _v‡Kb,
bv n‡j _v‡Kb bv|
miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv Kg©¯‡’ j mcwiev‡i bv _vKvi KviY wn‡m‡e `vqx K‡ib
GjvKvi GB AbybœZ Ae¯’v‡K| Zv‡ì g‡Z, GLv‡b fv‡jv ¯‥zj-K‡jR, nvU-
evRvi, †Ljvi gvV ev †eovevi RvqMv †bB| myZivs mcwiev‡i GLv‡b emev‡mi
150
c‡¶ Zviv †Kv‡bv hyw³ Luy‡R cvb bv| cÿvšÍ‡i miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡ì GB AvPi‡Yi
Kvi‡YB mswkøó GjvKvi DbœwZ n‡”Q bv e‡j nvIi GjvKvi gvby‡liv g‡b K‡ib|
Zv‡ì aviYv, Kg©KZ©v‡ì cwievi I Zv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡qiv hw` GLv‡b emevm
Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡bB Gme GjvKvq fv‡jv ¯‥zj, K‡jR M‡o DV‡Z
cvi‡Zv| ¯‥zj-K‡j‡R cov‡kvbvi gvbI wbwðZ n‡Zv| M‡o DV‡Z cvi‡Zv fv‡jv
gv‡K©U, †`vKvbcvU| †h‡nZz GLvbKvi ¯‥zj-K‡jR ev gv‡K©U fv‡jv bv n‡jI
Kg©KZ©viv mivmwi ¶wZi wkKvi nb bv †m‡nZz Gme‡K fv‡jv Kivi e¨vcv‡i I
Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv gv_ve¨v_vB †bB|
nvIievmxi Kv‡Q BDwbqb cwil`, f~wg Awdm I _vbv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| miKv‡ii
G wZbwU wefv‡Mi mn‡hvwMZv Zv‡ì me‡P‡q †ewk cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKš‘ nvIievmx
G‡ì †_‡K Lye KgB mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q _v‡K| ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii me©wbgœ¯Í‡ii
cÖwZôvb BDwbqb cwil` RbM‡Yi me‡P‡q Kv‡Qi miKvi| RbMY Gi †_‡K
AvkvI K‡i A‡bK †ewk| wKš‘ †fv‡Ui mgq RbMY‡K ey‡K †U‡b wb‡jI †fv‡Ui
c‡i weRqxiv mvaviY RbMY‡K Avi ey‡Ki DòZv †`q bv| †kÖwYMZfv‡e BD/wci
RbcÖwZwbwaiv cªvqB wb‡R‡ì‡K mvaviY RbM‡Yi KvZv‡i fv‡eb bv| ZvB
mvaviY RbMY Zv‡ì Kv‡Q eûjvs‡k D‡cwÿZ| Zviv mvaviY RbM‡Yi PvB‡Z
Zv‡ì †kÖwYf~³ cÖfvekvjx gn‡ji ¯^v_© †`L‡Z †ewk AvMÖnx n‡q _v‡Kb| mvaviY
RbM‡Yi m‡½ cÖfvekvjx BRviv`vi ev G RvZxq Kv‡ivi †Kv‡bv msNvZ n‡j
cÖKv‡k¨-AcÖKv‡k¨ BDwbqb cwil‡ì mg_©bwU P‡j hvq cÖfvekvjx‡ìB c‡¶ Ñ
hviv ¯’vbxq ¶gZvKvVv‡gv‡Z DaŸ©¯‡Í i Ae¯’vb K‡ib| †hgb †Kv‡bv f~wgnxb e¨w³
LvmRwg eivÏ †c‡Z n‡j BDwbqb cwil‡ì mb`cÎ Qvov Av‡e`bB Ki‡Z
cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ cÖvqB RbcÖwZwbwa‡ì mv‡_ e¨w³MZ m¤úK© ev AvZ¥xqZv bv
_vK‡j f~wgnxb n‡jI †KD BDwbqb cwil‡ì mb`cÎ cvevi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i
bv| eis m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y mb`¸‡jv P‡j hvq Zv‡ì fv‡M Ñ msÁv Abyhvqx hviv
Av‡`․ f~wgnxb bq| f~wg Awdm Ges _vbv miKv‡ii Ggb `ywU wefvM; †hLvb
†_‡K †eAvBwb Dr‡KvP cÖ`vb ev cÖfve LvUv‡bv Qvov cÖvq †Kv‡bv myweavB cvIqv
m¤¢e bq| †h‡nZz mvaviY RbM‡Yi A_© Ges cÖfve `y‡Uvi †Kv‡bvwUB †bB †m‡nZz
wefvM `ywU mvaviY RbM‡Yi cÖwZ eiveiB wegyL| †kl ch©šÍ myweav †c‡Z PvB‡j
mvaviY RbM‡Yi †Kv‡bv GKUv m¤ú` ¶wZ Ki‡Z nq A_ev Pov my‡` avi-†`bv
K‡i Dr‡KvP w`‡Z nq|
151
m¤ú‡ì ¶q¶wZ I Ab¨vb¨ weiƒcZv
nvIi GjvKvq we`¨gvb cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì †h cÖvPzh© i‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z AÎvÂ‡ji
gvby‡li `vwi`ªve¯’v _vKvi K_v bq| wKš‘ DË‡ivËi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y G
AÂ‡ji gvbyl‡K Amnvqfv‡e `vwi‡`ªi Awfkvc †g‡b wb‡Z n‡”Q| cÖvK…wZK
`y‡h©vM nvIi GjvKvq cÖwZ eQi †h cwigvY ¶wZ mvab K‡i; hw` Zv †iva Kiv
†h‡Zv Z‡e gvÎ `k eQ‡ii eëav‡b GB GjvKvi gvby‡li `vwi`ª A‡bKvs‡kB
`~ixf~Z n‡q †h‡Zv e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib|
2004 m‡b mybvgMÄ mvwK©U nvD‡R wmGbAviGm Av‡qvwRZ ÔnvIivÂ‡ji
eb¨vRwbZ `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejv I wbqš¿‡Y Avjv`v bxwZgvjv cÖ‡qvRbÕ kxl©K GK
gy³ Av‡jvPbvq cÖ¯Z‘ K…Z cÖe‡Ü †`Lv hvq, 1999 †_‡K 2004 ch©šÍ 5 eQ‡i ïay
mybvgMÄ †RjvqB 587 †KvwU 12 jvL 18 nvRvi UvKvi dmjWywe N‡UwQj|
¶wZMÖ¯’ †ev‡iv Rwgi cwigvY wQj 16 jvL 2 nvRvi 330 GKi| Ab¨ GK
wn‡m‡e Rvbv hvq, mybvgMÄ †Rjvq 2004 mv‡ji nVvr eb¨vqB 3 j¶ 70 nvRvi
GKi Rwgi AvbygvwbK 3 j¶ 14 nvRvi 4 kZ 8 †gwUªK Ub AvacvKv I Acyó
†ev‡iv avb m¤ú~Y© aŸsm n‡q hvq| ¯’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi g‡Z, ¶wZMÖ¯’ dm‡ji
AvbygvwbK g~j¨ 4 kZ 50 †KvwU 85 j¶ UvKv| †Rjv K…wl m¤cÖmviY Awa`ß‡ii
g‡Z, eb¨vq wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvq 22 nvRvi 7 kZ 21 †n±i Rwgi avb m¤ú~Y© Ges
11 nvRvi †n±i Rwgi avb AvswkK ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡qwQj| hvi AvbygvwbK g~j¨ cÖvq
500 †KvwU UvKv| G wn‡me ïaygvÎ †ev‡iv av‡bi Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z Kiv|
cÖwZeQi eb¨vq †KvwU †KvwU UvKvi Ab¨vb¨ kmÏ ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq| Gi cwigvYI Kg
bq| G RvZxq `y‡h©v‡M ïay †h dmjnvwb N‡U Zv-B bq| nvIievmxi Rxebhvc‡bi
mv‡_ mivmwi m¤ú„³ wewfbœ e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ìI nvwb N‡U|
G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q GjvKvi iv¯ÍvNvU, weªR, KvjfvU© BZ¨vw` †f‡½ hvIqv,
evwoNi I emZwfUvi ¶q¶wZ, K…wlKvR I gvQ aivi miÄvg †f‡m hvIqv,
PvlK…Z gv‡Qi ¶q¶wZ, Mevw`cï I nuvmgyiwMi ¶wZ, GjvKvi †MvPviYf~wgi
Nvm, bjLvMovmn Ab¨vb¨ R¡vjvwb MvQ I Lo webó nIqv cÖf„wZ|
GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b Rvbv †M‡Q, 2004 mv‡ji eb¨vq ïay wK‡kviMÄ †RjvqB 2
nvRvi 3 kZ 77 †n±i Rwgi mewR ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡qwQj| grm¨ m¤ú‡ì ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q 25 †KvwU UvKvi Ges cï m¤ú‡ì ¶wZ n‡q‡Q 15 †KvwU UvKvi| mswkøó
†Rjv grm¨ Awd‡mi g‡Z, †Rjvi 24 nvRvi 765wU cyKzi I w`wNi 16 nvRvi
152
653wU gvQ cvwb‡Z †f‡m †M‡Q| GKBfv‡e 89wU grm¨ Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ 72wU Ges
117wU Rjgnv‡ji g‡a¨ 108wU Wy‡e GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q| †Rjv cïm¤ú`
wefv‡Mi g‡Z, 1 nvRvi 401wU gyiwMi Lvgvi, 238wU QvM‡ji Lvgvi Ges 104wU
†fovi Lvgvi cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q †M‡Q| †WBwi I †cvwëª dvg© Lv‡Z †gvU 13 †KvwU
63 jvL 88 nvRvi UvKv ¶wZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov 48 jvL UvKvi †MvLv`¨ bó
n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZevi eb¨vi mgq nvI‡ii †XD Awaevmx‡ì emZevwoi e¨vcK ¶wZ K‡i|
evwoi mvg‡b MvQ, euvk, KuPzwicvbv cÖf„wZ w`‡q K…wÎg euva •Zwi K‡iI Zviv
evwoNi i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv | Giƒc fvO‡bi Kvi‡Y eb¨v cieZ©x mgq Zv‡ì
evwo ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z nq| nweM‡Äi evwbqvPs Dc‡Rjvi g›ìx BDwbq‡bi
ivRvcyi MÖv‡gi mv‡eK †g¤^vi ivgP›`ª Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Zuviv Av‡M MÖv‡gi DËi w`‡K
emevm Ki‡Zb| fvO‡bi Kvi‡Y G‡K G‡K Zv‡ì wZbwU evwo e`j Ki‡Z
n‡q‡Q| Gevi me©‡kl evwowU wUwK‡q ivLevi R‡bÏ Zv‡ì †XD‡qi m‡½ jo‡Z
n‡”Q|
AvKw®§K eb¨vi d‡j Dc‡iv³ ZvrÿwYK ÿwZi cvkvcvwk cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì
Dci `xN©‡gqvw` ¶wZKi cÖfveI jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †hgb evwj I cwjhy³ gvwU
covi Kvi‡Y PvlK…Z dmj, jZv¸j¥ I Nv‡mi Pvjv webó n‡q hvq, bó n‡q hvq
Pvlxi N‡i _vKv dm‡ji exR, bjLvMovi eb I †Sv‡ci ¶wZ nq, Rjvf~wg‡Z
Rb¥v‡bv cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢` g‡i hvq, †SvcSv‡o _vKv cvwLi ev”Pv g‡i hvq, MBb¨v I
KvwjevDm RvZxq gv‡Qi cÖRbb †¶Î bó cÖf„wZ ÿwZ mvwaZ nq| Gme e¨w³MZ,
mvgvwRK I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` web‡ói d‡j nvIi GjvKvi evbfvmx gvbyl
`y‡hvM©Kv‡j I `y‡h©vM-DËiKv‡j Pig Lv`¨m¼‡Ui g‡a¨ c‡o| me©¯^ nvwi‡q ¯^”Qj
K…lKivI wbt¯^ n‡q hvq| d‡j A‡bK mgq ZvivI evwoi Kvgjvi (K…wl kªwgK)
m‡½ GK jvB‡b ùvwo‡q ÎvY msMÖn Kiv, gvQ aivmn Ab¨vb¨ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ
n‡Z eva¨ nq| †jvKRb G mgq `v`b`vi‡ì KvQ †_‡K D”P my‡` FY †bq,
RgvRwg wKsev Ab¨vb¨ wRwblcÎ wewµ K‡i cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
`wi`ª gvby‡liv KvR I Avkª‡qi Avkvq me©¯^ Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î P‡j hvq A_ev
KvQvKvwQ Kg gh©v`vhy³ Kv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³ nq| bvixiv m¤úbœ I Kg ¶wZMÖ¯’
†jv‡Ki evwo‡Z wS‡qi KvR †bq|
153
eb¨vi mg‡q ¯‥zj¸‡jv me eÜ n‡q hvIqvq †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì cov‡kvbvi weivU ¶wZ
nq| wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vwì g~j¨ Am¤¢e iKg †e‡o hvq| wecix‡Z AwaKvsk
gvbyl Gmgq Zv‡ì µq¶gZvB nvwi‡q †d‡j| jvMvZvi A_©‣bwZK m¼U, Lv`¨
m¼U I ¯’vbvfv‡e Gmgq mswkøó GjvKvq gvb‡eZi cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e nq|
mvgvwRK Abyôvbvw` †hgb weevn cy‡ivcywi eÜ n‡q hvq| bvix-cyiæl mevi †¶‡ÎB
cÖvK…wZK Kg© m¤úv`‡b mgm¨vi m„wó nq| mgm¨v nq Kv‡ivi g„Zz¨ NU‡jI| Gmgq
g„Z‡`n mrKvi Kivi cÖvq †Kv‡bv DcvqB _v‡K bv| KL‡bv KL‡bv g„Z‡`n ev‡bi
R‡j fvwm‡qI w`‡Z nq| 2004 Gi eb¨vi mgq nvKvjywK cv‡oi w`wM¦Rq `v‡mi
gi‡`n nweMÄ-evwbqvPs mo‡K `vn Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| R‡ji Dc‡i †f‡mI
nvIievmxi Gmgq Lvevi R‡ji Zxeª m¼‡U co‡Z nq| Pig Afv‡e co‡Z nq
R¡vjvwbi R‡bÏ| ¯^vfvweK mg‡q Lvevi cvwb I R¡vjvbx msMÖ‡ni `vwqZ¡wU
bvix‡ì nIqvq Zviv Gmgq Lye weeªZKi Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ c‡o| Pz‡jv R¡vjv‡bvi
mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y LvIqv AwbqwgZ Ges Lvev‡ii gvb wb‡P †b‡g hvIqvq cÖavbZ
Mf©eZx bvix I wkïiv fqven Acywói wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq|
ev‡bi cvwb m‡i †M‡jI †mLvbKvi gvby‡li †fvMvwšÍ K‡g bv| †`Lv †`q bvbv
†ivMevjvB| w`‡b GKev‡ii AwaK †hLv‡b LveviB †Rv‡U bv †mLv‡b wPwKrmvi
LoM †b‡g Avm‡j gvby‡li `yM©wZi Avi AšÍ _v‡K bv| †kl fimv ZLb MÖvg¨
KweivR| Gi d‡j ÎvYZrciZvq wb‡qvwRZ evwnbxi m‡½ †cÖwiZ wPwKrmK `j
†cu․Qevi Av‡MB N‡U A‡b‡Ki Rxebvemvb|
AvšÍ:ivwóªK mgm¨v
cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K wZb w`K †_‡K wN‡i †i‡L‡Q| G †`‡ki me
KÕwU b`xi DrmI fviZ Ges Z`ya©¦ GjvKvq nIqvq GLvbKvi cvwbcÖevn g~jZ
fviZwbf©i Zv ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv| fviZ, evsjv‡`k I †bcv‡ji Awfbœ b`xi
msL¨v 54| Zb¥‡a¨ evsjv‡`k m¤ú~Y© fvwU AÂ‡j Aew¯’Z| AvšÍR©vwZK
wbqgvbyhvqx wØ-cvwÿK ev wÎ-cvwÿK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GmKj b`xcÖevn
wbqš¿‡Yi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kivi K_v| wKš‘ fviZ AvšÍR©vwZK wbqgbxwZ jsNb K‡i
b`x cÖevn wb‡R‡ì ¯^v‡_© eënvi Kivi j‡ÿ¨ G‡Ki ci GK wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb
Ki‡Q| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z AvKw¯§K eb¨v, Liv cÖf…wZ cªvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡M evsjv‡`‡ki
gvbyl Pig `yM©wZi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q|
154
AwZ m¤úªwZ fviZ †m †`‡ki gwYcyyi AÂ‡ji wUcvBgyL bvgK ¯’v‡b eivK b`xi
wÎ-†gvnbvq euva w`‡q GKwU Rjwe`y¨r Drcv`b †K›`ª ¯’vc‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY
K‡i‡Q| 173 wgUi D”PZv wewkó 16 wewjqb NbwgUvi cvwb aviY ÿgZvm¤úbœ
GB W¨vg †_‡K 1500 †gMvIqvU we`ÿr Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv Zv‡ì|
we‡klÁ‡ì g‡Z wUcvBgyL W¨vg BD‡iwkqvb BwÛqvb Ges wgqvbgvi †UK‡UvwbK
†cø‡Ui g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z, hv we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg cÖavb f~wgK¤ú cÖeY GjvKv| G AÂ‡j
MZ 100 eQ‡i 16wU eo ai‡bi f~wgK¤ú 7 gvÎvi Dc‡i n‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨
GKwU 8.7 gvÎvi f~wgK‡¤úi d‡j eªþcyÎ b`xi MwZ cwiewZ©Z n‡q eZ©gvb hgybv
b`xi m„wó nq| Aci f~wgK¤úwU 1950 mv‡j nq, hvi gvÎv wQj 8.3| G ai‡bi
†Kv‡bv f~wgK¤ú n‡j wUcvBgyL W¨vg aŸsm nevi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j
evsjv‡`‡k †b‡g Avm‡e fqven wech©q|
fvi‡Zi KvQvo AÂj n‡q †b‡g Avmv eivK b`x RwKM‡Äi wbK‡U G‡m myigv I
Kzwkqviv bv‡g `yÕw`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| G `yÕwU b`x kvLv cÖkvLvq we¯Í…Z n‡q mgMÖ
wm‡jU wefv‡Mi †b․, K…wl, Rxe I RbRxeb, cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ Z_v AvZ©-
mvgvwRK †ÿ‡Î AZzjbxq f~wgKv ivL‡Q| G Qvov G `yÕwU b`x I Gi mKj kvLv-
cÖkvLvi wgwjZ †mªv‡Z †`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb b`x †gNbv evsjv‡`‡ki c~e©fv‡Mi
wekvj AÂ‡ji A_©bxwZ I f~-cªvK…wZK cwi‡ek‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| eivK b`xi
Dci wUcvB gyL evua wbwg©Z n‡j †Kej wm‡jU wefvMB bq evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg
e„nr b`x †gNbvi Rjivwk gvivZ¥Kfv‡e nªvm cv‡e| d‡j wm‡jU Z_v mgMÖ †`‡ki
K…wl, grm¨ I Rxe‣ewPÎ aŸsm nIqvi AvksKv i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi
K‡qKwU iv‡Rï AvcwË Ges AvšÍRv© wZK b`x kvmb AvBb D‡cÿv K‡i †`k-
we‡`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ wUcvBgyL euva wbg©vY Ki‡Z hv‡”Q fviZ|
B‡Zvg‡a¨B W¨vg wbg©v‡Yi gva¨‡g †gNbvi Dcb`x gby I †LvqvB †_‡K cvwb
cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| gby eo b`x bv n‡jI ¯’vbxq A_©bxwZ Ges cwi‡e‡ki
Rb¨ Zv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡Rï bjLvUvq 1990 Gi `k‡K
GKwU e¨v‡iR wbg©v‡Yi ci †_‡K kyK‡bv †g․my‡g gbyi Mo cÖevn 10 wKD‡mK
†_‡K cÖvq k~‡bï †KvUvq G‡m `vovq| el©v †g․my‡g GB b`xi cÖevn 300
wKD‡mK Ges cvnvwo X‡ji mgq ZviI †ewk nq| †LvqvB b`xiI GKB `kv|
gbyi gZ GB b`xiI ïK‡bv †g․my‡g cvwb cÖevn cÖvq 10 wKD‡mK| wÎcyivi
Av_vicyiv cvnv‡oi c~e©cv‡k Drcbœ n‡q GB b`x evjøv mxgvšÍ w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki
155
PzbviæNvU Dc‡Rjvq cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| AZ:ci nweMÄ n‡q †gNbvq cwZZ n‡q‡Q|
wÎcyivi PvKgv Nv‡U W¨vg wbg©v‡Yi ci †_‡K GB b`x‡Z ïK‡bv †g․my‡g cvwb cÖvq
eÜ n‡q hvq| Aóv`k kZvãxi †klfv‡MI †h b`xc‡_ wÎcyivwfgy‡K gvjevnx e„nr
†b․hvb PjvPj Ki‡Zv7 †mB b`x‡Z nweMÄ kn‡ii DRvb fv‡M el©vKv‡jI AvR
Avi †Kv‡bv mvaviY †b․KvI PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ïK‡bv †g․my‡g kv‡q¯ÍvM‡Äi
wbK‡U m‡e©v”P nvUz cvwbi GKwU ÿxY aviv engvb _v‡K|
cÖavbZ myigv, Kzwkqviv, gby, †LvqvB cÖf…wZ b`xcÖevnB nvI‡ii cÖvY Ñ †gNbvi
g~j †mªvZaviv| B‡Zvg‡a¨B A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU b`x gby I †LvqvB‡qi cÖevn
k„•Ljve×| hw` cÖavb b`x myigv I Kzwkqvivi †mªvZavivI wewNœZ nq Z‡e †gNbvi
cvwb cÖevn cÖvq eÜ nIqvi Dcµg n‡e| d‡j Zv‡Z mgy‡`ªi †jvbv cvwb cÖ‡ek
Ki‡e, AÎvÂ‡j f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi wbgœMvgx n‡e, m‡e©vcwi Pig cÖfve co‡e
nvIi AÂ‡ji Dci| webó n‡e nvI‡ii ¯^vfvweK cwi‡ek| nvI‡ii Rxe‣ewPÎ,
K…wl‣ewPÎ, grm¨ m¤ú`, †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vmn RbRxeb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ûgwKMÖ¯Í n‡q
co‡e| Zv Qvov el©v †g․my‡g ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q †ewk cvwb †Q‡o w`‡j wKsev
†Kv‡bv Riæix Ae¯’vq cÖKí KZ©„cÿ Rgv‡bv cvwb †Q‡o w`‡Z eva¨ n‡j AvKw®§K
eb¨vq G AÂ‡ji Rxeb I RxweKv ¯Íä n‡q hv‡e| mePvB‡Z eo K_v n‡”Q,
wUcvBgyL euva wbgv©‡Yi c‡i G AÂ‡j eb¨vi aiY cv‡ë hv‡e| d‡j K…wl eë¯’vq
Gi gvivZ¥K cÖfve co‡e|
mnvqK m~Î:
1. •`wbK RbKÉ, 25 RyjvB 2010| c„ôv / 16|

2. †kwij mvBgb I iæ_ Gm †Wwd«m, cwieZ©bkxj cwi‡ek I c„w_exi fwel¨r| evsjv GKv‡Wgx 1992| c„ôv / 61-62|
3. cªv¸³| c„ôv / 98-100|
4. cªv¸³| c„ôv / 99|
5. bs cvmg-Dt5/wewea-19/2000/383| evsjv‡`k †M‡RU, AwZwi³ msL¨v, 26/9/2000|
6. mgKvj 20 †m‡Þ¤î, 2010|
7. gyn¤§` mv‡q`yi ingvb, nweMÄ †Rjvi BwZnvm| c„ôv / 37|
156
Øv`k Aa¨vq
Dcmsnvi
nvIi evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU HwZnëvnx f~-cÖvK…wZK AÂj| G AÂ‡ji eû

†M․ieMuv_v †jvKgy‡L D”PvwiZ n‡jI AvR Zvi A‡bK wKQzB nvwi‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘
cwiZv‡ci welq, AvR mKjB AZxZ| GLb hv cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv hvq, Zv †KejB
nvI‡ii †mB nviv‡bv Hk¦‡h©i weeY© cÖwZ”Qwe| ¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx‡ì AcwiYvg`k©x
ZrciZv, KZ©„cÿxq D`vmxbZv, Awbqg, Aeë¯’vi hvZvK‡j wcó nvI‡ii mvwe©K
cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZ| wecyj m¤¢vebvi my‡hvM _vKv m‡Ë¡I G Rbc` AvR cÖvwšÍK ev
cðvrc` GjvKv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| AMÖmi mgvR nvI‡ii wew”Qbœ Mí ï‡b †hgb
gy» nq †Zgwb †mLvbKvi `y:L †e`bvi K_v ï‡b `xN©k¦vmI †d‡j| Zviv
†mLvbKvi cÖKZ … Ae¯’vi mv‡_ cwiwPZ bb| ZvB G AÂ‡ji ev¯Íe wPÎ †`kevmxi
mvg‡b wb‡q Avmv LyeB ìKvi| m‡PZb gnj Rvb‡Z Pvq, †mLvbKvi eZ©gvb
cwi‡ek wK iKg, gvby‡li RxebhvÎv †Kgb, wbgœ Av‡qi gvbyl wKfv‡e w`bvwZcvZ
K‡i, cÖK…wZi mv‡_ cÖwZwbqZ hy× K‡i Zviv wKfv‡e wU‡K Av‡Q| G e¨vcv‡i
miKv‡ii f~wgKv wK, †mLv‡b `vwqZ¡cÖvß miKvwi †jvKR‡bi `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai ¯îƒc
wK, mKj cÖwZK~jZv †gvKv‡ejv K‡i nvIi‡K wK fv‡e RvZxq Dbœq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
wel‡q cwiYZ Kiv hvq gvbyl Zv-I Rvb‡Z Pvq| †Kgb K‡i nvI‡ii m¤ú` I
cwi‡ek‡K me©vwaK †fv‡M wb‡q Avmv hvq Zv ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i fve‡Z n‡e GLbB|
nvIi AÂ‡ji BwZnvm, cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek, mgvR eë¯’v, ivóªxq I mvgvwRK
m¤úK© cÖf…wZ welqwfwËK Av‡iv M‡elYv-AbymÜvb cÖ‡qvRb| †mLvbKvi K…lK-
†R‡jmn me©¯‡Í ii m‡PZb gvby‡li AwfgZ wb‡q Zv‡ì Rxeb-RxweKv,
Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ I cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZi MwZ cÖevn m¤úwK©Z ev¯Íe wPÎ A¼b K‡i Zvi
wfwË‡Z RbcÖwZwbwa, mykxj mgvR Ges miKvwi-†emiKvwi Kg©KZ©vi mgš^‡q
GKwU Dbœqb cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| G e¨vcv‡i ÔnvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb
†evW©Õ mswkøó KZ©…cÿ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi K_v _vK‡jI Zv‡ì e¨_©Zv
miKv‡ii D`vmxbZv‡KB ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB GgbwU Kvg¨
n‡Z cv‡i bv|
157
nvIivÂ‡ji RbmsL¨v cÖvq `yB †KvwU| †mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` Ges Zvi mv‡_
mswkøó gvby‡li Rxeb-RxweKvi aib †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi Zzjbvq h‡_ó wfbœ
Avw½‡Ki| K…wl wefv‡Mi Z_¨ Abyhvqx eiveiB GwU GKwU Lv`¨ DØ„Ë GjvKv|
†`‡ki Lv`¨ Pvwn`vi GKwU eo As‡ki †hvMvb Av‡m GB GjvKv †_‡K| K…wl
QvovI grm¨, cv_i, evwjmn bvbv cÖKvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡` mg„× GB AÂj|
m¤úªwZ G AÂ‡j cÖvK…wZK M¨vmI D‡Ëvjb ïiæ n‡q‡Q| g‡bvgy»Ki cÖvK…wZK
†m․›`h© nvIi‡K w`‡q‡Q wfbœ gvÎv| cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë bvbvwea m¤ú‡ì GKwU mg„×
fvÐvi nIqv m‡Ë¡I Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †`‡ki †h †Kv‡bv GjvKv †_‡K G AÂj
cðvrc`| wecyj m¤¢vebvgq GB nvIievmxi Rxeb I RxweKv †Kej †`‡ki bq,
cvk¦©eZx© †`‡ki cwi‡ek I cÖK…wZi DciI wbf©ikxj| ZvB ivóªxq AvBb I bxwZ,
cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡óªi B”Qv-Awb”Qv, mxgvšÍ evwYR¨ cÖf…wZ welqI Gi mv‡_ RwoZ|
†f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I b`-b`xi MwZcÖevn, cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi aib I
AeKvVv‡gvMZ `ye©jZv G AÂ‡ji gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Ici gvivZ¥K cÖfve †d‡j|
cwi‡ek I cÖwZ‡ekMZ wfbœZvi ìyb ivóªxq AvBb I bxwZmg~n †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨
GjvKvi g‡Zv G AÂ‡j †Zgb Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| bvbv cÖwZK~jZvi Kvi‡Y
A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB mdj Dbœqb D‡`¨vM MÖnYI m¤¢e nq bv| d‡j cÖvY‣ewPÎ¨ I
cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡` cwic~Y© nvIivÂj `ªæZ nvwi‡q †dj‡Q Zvi ¯^Kxq •ewkó Ñ
†dKv‡k n‡q hv‡”Q Zvi iƒc-gvayh©| mwVK cwiKíbv I D‡`¨v‡Mi Afve Ges
bvbvwea cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y cÖwZwbqZ ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡”Q †`‡ki b`x I †hvMv‡hvM
eë¯’v, grm¨ I K…wl m¤ú`| G Ae¯’v †_‡K DËiY Ges mg„× AvMvgxi c‡_
GwM‡q hvevi Rb¨ wPwýZ mgm¨v¸‡jvi mgvavbK‡í h‡_vchy³ c`‡ÿc MÖnY
GKvšÍ Avek¨K|
G †ÿ‡Î miKvwi I †emiKvwi Dbœqb D‡`¨v‡Mi mv‡_ ¯’vbxq RbcÖwZwbwa Ges
mswkøó GjvKvi †ckvwfwËK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ Kiv; GjvKvi cwi‡ek I
cÖwZ‡ek‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q ¯’vbxq Rbmvavi‡Yi Pvwn`vgvwdK euva I iv¯ÍvNvUmn
wewfbœ AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb cÖKí MÖnY; cÖwZwU eo nvI‡i Afqvkªg •Zwimn b`x
I we‡ji BRviv c×wZ evwZj KiZ wej GjvKvi mKj gvby‡li Askx`vwiZ¡
wbwðZ K‡i mgvRwfwËK grm¨ Pvl/Dbœqb Kvh©µg MÖnY; Rxe‣ewPÎ¨ iÿvi ¯^v‡_©
Dchy³ ebvqb Kvh©µg m¤úªmviY; nvIi GjvKvq ch©Ub wkí m¤úªmvi‡Yi j‡ÿ
mycwiKwíZ c`‡ÿc MÖnY; wkÿv mn‡hvwMZv Kvh©µ‡gi m¤úªmviYmn wkÿv
cÖwZôvb Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ QvÎ msL¨vi kZ©wU wkw_j Kiv; miKvwi Lvm
158
Rwg eÈb Ges K…wl I cvwb m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv bxwZgvjv‡K mgwš^Z K‡i `wi`ª
†kªwYi AMÖvwaKvi wbwðZKiY Ges Zv Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ K‡Vvi c`‡ÿc MÖnY;
†mLvbKvi MÖvgxb ms¯‥…wZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, Kg©ms¯’vb I
AvBbx mnvqZvi †ÿÎ m¤úªmviY; mswkøó GjvKvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi wbwi‡L †g․mygwfwËK
K…wl I grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki c`‡ÿc MÖnY;
nvIivÂ‡ji m¤ú` I †ckvwfwËK ¯^v_©‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q mswkøó AvšÍR©vwZK
bxwZgvjv I Pzw³i mv‡_ nvI‡ii bxwZgvjvi mgš^q NUv‡Z n‡e| †gvUK_v me
w`K wePvi we‡kølY K‡i nvIivÂ‡ji Rb¨ GKwU my`~icÖmvix gnvcwiKíbv MÖnY
mg‡qi `vwe| Avi Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡j nvI‡ii nviv‡bv HwZn¨B †Kej wd‡i Avm‡e
bv †`‡ki mvgMªwK A_©bxwZ I ch©Ub †ÿ‡ÎI Zv weivU f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
--- t 0 t ---
159
mnvqK m~Î
1. cÖ‡dmi W. Avãyj Kwig t evsjvi BwZnvm (1200-1857), eovj cÖKvkbx

1999|
2. kªx •KjvmP›`ª wmsn t ivRgvjv ev wÎcyivi BwZnvm, wØZxq A¶i
ms¯‥iY 1405 e½vã|
3. APz¨ZPiY †P․ayix ZË¡wbwa t kªxn‡Æi BwZe„Ë-c~ev©sk, wØZxq fvM| cÖKvkK t
Drm cÖKvkb 2002|
4. mybxwZ f~lY Kvbyb‡Mv t cÖeÜ: cÖvPxb kÖxnÆ| wm‡jU BwZnvm I HwZn¨ /
m¤úv`bvq t kixd DwÏb Avn‡g`| cÖKvkbvq t
evsjv‡`k BwZnvm mwgwZ|
5. W±i bxnviiÄb ivq t evOvwji BwZnvm (Avw` ce©)|
6. kªx myKzgvi †mb t ev½vjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm / cªKvkK : Avb›`
cvewjkvm© cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, KjKvZv 1997|
7. •mq` gyZ©vRv Avjx t nRiZ kvn& Rvjvj I wm‡j‡Ui BwZnvm|
cwiewa©Z wØZxq ms¯‥iY, 1970| cÖKvkK : G.we.
eyK †óvm©|
8. †Ìqvb †gvnv¤§` AvRid t wm‡j‡U Bmjvg | cÖKvkbvq : BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k 1995|
9. ggZvRyi ingvb Zid`vi t cÖeÜ : evsjvi ag©Rxeb| evsjv mvwn‡Zï
BwZnvm (cÖ_g LÐ) / cÖavb m¤úv`K :
Avwbmy¾vgvb| cÖKvkbvq : evsjv GKv‡Wgx 1987|
10. kªxgr ag© iwÿZ wfÿy t cÖeÜ t ag© I a¨vb aviYv| Kzwgjøv †Rjvi BwZnvm
/ m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì mfvcwZ : Aveyj Kvjvg
†gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv| cÖKvkbvq : Kzwgjøv †Rjv
cwil`|
11. ew¼g P›`ª t cÖeÜ : ev½vjvi BwZnv‡mi fMœvsk, ew¼g
iPbvejx
12. KgjvKvšÍ ¸ß t cÖeÜ : kÖxn‡Æ cÖvß Zv¤ªkvmbvejx| e„nËi
wm‡j‡Ui BwZnvm cÖ_g LÐ| cÖKvkK : e„nËi
wm‡jU BwZnvm cÖYqb cwil` 1997|
13. kªx †K`vibv_ gRyg`vi t gqgbwms‡ni BwZnvm I gqgbwms‡ni weeiY|
gqgbwmsn †Rjvcwil` 1987|
14. Avt Kvt †gvt hvKvwiqv t cÖeÜ : b„ZvwË¡K I eY©wfwËK weeiY| Kzwgjøv
†Rjvi BwZnvm / m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì mfvcwZ :
160
Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv| Kzwgjøv †Rjv
cwil`|
15. †Ìqvb †gvnv¤§` AvRid t cÖeÜ : wm‡jU wefv‡Mi BwZnvm I HwZn¨|
wm‡jU wefv‡Mi cwiwPwZ, •mq` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj|
cÖKvkK : †i‡bmuv cvewj‡KkÝ 2002|
16. kªx i‡gkP›`ª gRyg`vi t evsjv †`‡ki BwZnvm cÖ_g LÐ (cÖvPxb hyM),
cÖKvkK : †Rbv‡ij wcÖ›Uvm© q¨vÐ cvewjkvm©
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, mßg ms¯‥iY 1981|
17. kªx `x‡bkP›`ª †mb ivq evnv`yi t •ggbwmsn MxwZKv. KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq
1973|
18. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn t evsjv mvwn‡Zï K_v wØZxq LÐ| 2q ms¯‥iY
1967|
19. W. `x‡bkP›`ª †mb t •ggbwmsn-MxwZKv| KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq
1993|
20. KvRx `xb gyn¤§` t evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm wØZxq LÐ| óz‡W›U
I‡qR 1968|
21. †gvnv¤§` mvw`K t wm‡jwU bvMix : dwKwi avivi dmj| evsjv‡`k
GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU 2008|
22. †gvnv¤§` Avkivd †nv‡mb t wkjn‡Ui BwZnvm| Drm ms¯‥iY 2006|
23. W. wbg©‡j›`y †f․wgK t kÖxn‡Æi †jvK m½xZ| KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq
1966|
24. †ngv½ wek¦vm t †jvKm½xZ mgxÿv : evsjv‡`k I Avmvg,
KjKvZv 1978|
25. gvneye Avjg t †b․KvevBP Drme| evsjv GKv‡Wgx 1998|
26. ARq ivq t cÖeÜ: evsjv‡`k : cyive„Ë, BwZe„Ë| evsjv‡`kt
evOvjx AvZ¥cwiP‡qi mÜv‡b, m¤úv`bv - gy¯Ívdv
b~iDj Bmjvg, cÖKvkK : mvMi cvewjkvm© 1991|
27. †Ìqvb b~iæj Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb †P․ayixt cÖeÜ : nweMÄ wRjvi HwZnvwmK
Dcv`vb| nweMÄ cwiµgv, m¤úv`bv : Wvt †gvnv¤§`
AvdRj I •mq` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj|
28. gyn¤§` mv‡q`yi ingvb t nweMÄ †Rjvi BwZnvm (cÖ_g LÐ), Drm cÖKvkb
2010|
29. gy¯ÍvKxg Avng` †P․ayix t cÖeÜ: wm‡j‡Ui ivR‣bwZK BwZnvm t cÖvPxbKvj
†_‡K 1857, e„nËi wm‡j‡Ui BwZnvm cÖ_g LÐ|
cÖKvkK : e„nËi wm‡jU BwZnvm cÖYqb cwil`
1997|
161
30. wd‡ivRv †eMg †P․ayix t cÖeÜ : f~ZvwË¡K I †f․‡MvwjK cwiPq| Kzwgjøv
†Rjvi BwZnvm, m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì mfvcwZ :
Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv| Kzwgjøv †Rjv
cwil`|
31. G.Gd.Gg. Avãyj Rjxj t my›ì e‡bi BwZnvm, cÖKvkK : †g‡n`x wejøvn
1967|
32. dRjyj nvmvb BDmyd t evsjv‡`‡ki mswÿß BwZnvm| cÖKvkKt BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb, evsjv‡`k|
33. KvRx †gvRv‡¤§j nK t wZb nvRvi eQ‡ii †bvqvLvjx|
34. `x‡bkP›`ª miKvi t cvj-†mb hy‡Mi eskvbyPwiZ|
35. dRjyi ingvb t wm‡j‡Ui gvwU wm‡j‡Ui gvbyl | cÖ_g cÖKvk
1991|
36. gvneye nvmvb t evsjv‡`k : cÖK…wZ I m¤ú` / gvneye nvmvb|
evsjv GKv‡Wgx 1985|
37. †kwij mvBgb wmjfvi t cwieZ©bkxj cwi‡ek I c„w_exi fwel¨r, Abyev`
: AvdZve †nv‡mb| evsjv GKv‡Wgx 1992|
38. †gvt nvwdRyi ingvb f~Tv t wm‡jU wefv‡Mi cÖkvmb I f~wg eë¯’v, KvwbR
dvwZgv 1998|
39. weòz `vk t grm¨ Pv‡li Drcv`b A_©bxwZ (wØZxq LÐ), evsjv
GKv‡Wgx 2002|
40. ievU© wiÛ‡m t wm‡j‡U Avgvi ev‡iv eQi, Abyev` : Avãyj nvwg`
gvwbK| †K›`ªxq gymwjg mvwnZ¨ msm`, wm‡jU
2002|
41. gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb t cÖeÜ : nvIi Ges nvIi GjvKvi gvby‡li
AwaKvi iÿvq D‡`¨vM cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_g Av‡jv, 7
gvP© 2008 msL¨v|
42. wW †K ¸n t cÖeÜ : myigv AeevwnKv, evsjvwcwWqv , evsjv‡`k
GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU|
43. gvmy` nvmvb †P․ayix t cÖeÜ : f~-cÖK…wZ, evsjvwcwWqv , evsjv‡`k
44. †gvnvt kvgmyj Avjg t cÖeÜ : wm‡j‡Ui cwieZ©bkxj †f․‡MvwjK
cwi‡ek, wm‡jU : BwZnvm I HwZn¨, m¤úv. kixd
DwÏb Avn‡g`, evsjv‡`k BwZnvm mwgwZ 1999|
45. Avn‡g` `xcy t cÖeÜ : fviZ AvšÍR©vwZK ixwZ j•Nb K‡i‡Q
evsjv‡`‡k Pj‡Q ivRbxwZ, •`wbK mgKvj, 29
RyjvB 2009|
162
46. gyn¤§` AvmvÏi Avjx t †jvK mvwn‡Z¨ Rvjvjvev`, ZvBq¨xev cÖKvkbx
1995|
47. †gvt mv¾v` †nv‡mb t cÖeÜ : nvIi, evsjvwcwWqv , evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK
†mvmvBwU|
48. myKvšÍ †mb, (m¤úv.) t nvIi K…wlcÖvY‣ewPÎ iÿvq Rb`wjj (K…wl,
cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek, ms¯‥…wZ, bxwZgvjv I A_©‣bwZK
b¨vh¨Zv welqK Rbmgxÿv), eviwmK 2007|
49. Zv‡ni DwÏb t cÖeÜ : myL-`yt‡Li nvIi, cÖ_g RvZxq nvIi
m‡¤§jb cÖKvkbv - nvIi, RvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jb
Av‡qvRK KwgwU 2008|
50. wb·b ZvjyK`vi t cÖeÜ : Uv½yqvi nvIi, evsjvwcwWqv , evsjv‡`k
51. †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb t cÖeÜ : Uv½yqvi nvI‡i grm¨ Rwic, evsjv‡`‡ki
2q ivgmvi GjvKv Uv½yqvi nvIi / †Rjv cÖkvmb,
mybvgMÄ 2006|
52. Avey Avjx mv¾v` †nvmvBb t cÖeÜ : m¤ú‡ì AdzišÍ fvÛvi, evsjv‡`‡ki 2q
ivgmvi GjvKv Uv½yqvi nvIi, †Rjv cÖkvmb,
mybvgMÄ 2006|
53. †bvgvb †P․ayix t ¸w½qvRyix nvIi eûgyLx Dbœqb cÖKí t Avkv
wbivkvi GK hyM (cyw¯ÍKv)|
54. Kvgiæ¾vgvb mvMi t cÖeÜ : nvI‡ii K…wl, cÖ_g RvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jb
cÖKvkbv - nvIi, RvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRK
KwgwU 2008|
55. gywRe †g‡n`x t nvIi R‡j fvmv Rbc`, Bbw÷wUDU di
Gbfvqib‡g›U A¨vÛ †W‡fjc‡g›U (AvBBwW)
2005|
56. W. Rmxg DwÏb Avng` (m¤úv.)t evsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ wecbœKvix fvi‡Zi AvšÍtb`x
ms‡hvM cÖKí|
57. Kvgiæj Bmjvg †P․ayix t evsjv‡`k cwi‡ekwPÎ 2001, evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek
mvsevw`K †dvivg|
58. †gvKvig †nv‡mb t evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h©, cvj© cvewj‡KkÝ
2006|
59. Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` BDmyd t wUcvBgyL euva dviv°vi †P‡qI fqven Avi GK
giY duv`|
60. cÖ‡K․kjx knx`yj Bmjvg t nvIi K…wl I RbRxeb|
61. gvndzR Djøvn (m¤úv`bv) t Rxe‣ewPÎ mnvqK wb‡`©wkKv, †m›Uvi di
mvm‡UB‡bej †Wfjc‡g›U 2001|
163
62. S N H Rizvi t East Pakistan District Gazetteers
Sylhet. East Pakistan, Government
Press, Dacca 1970.
63. F. H. Khan t Geology of Bangladesh . The
University Press Limited 1991.
mvgwqKx, cÎ-cwÎKv BZ¨vw` t
1. RvZxq grm¨ mßvn 2009 msKjb, grm¨ Awa`ßi|

2. nvIi iÿvq bvMwiK D‡`¨vM kxl©K msev` m‡¤§j‡b Dc¯’vwcZ Av‡jvPbvcÎ|
3. mybvgMÄ cwiwPwZ, †Rjv cwil`, mybvgMÄ|
4. gvP (MACH) cÖKí cÖKvwkZ evB°v wej Afqvkªg nvBj nvIi cyw¯ÍKv|
5. PjwZ K…wl Kvh©µg (GwcÖj/2005), K…wl m¤cÖmviY Awa`ßi, †bÎ‡Kvbv|
6. evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb c‡KU eB 2002 (2001 Gi Rwic Abyhvqx)|
7. evsjvwcwWqv (wØZxq LÐ), evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2003|
8. †m›Uvi di b¨vPvivj wi‡mv‡m©m ÷vwWR KZ©„K cÖYxZ ÔnVvr eb¨vi KviY I
mybvgM‡Äi nvIi GjvKvi `wi`ª I cÖvwšÍK RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi Dci Gi
`xN©‡gqv`x cÖfveÕ welqK cÖwZ‡e`b|
9. evsjv‡`k nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb †evW©-Gi cwiwPwZ I Kvh©µg m¤úwK©Z
cÖwZ‡e`b, †g 2010|
10. evsjv‡`k †M‡RU, AwZwi³ msL¨v, 26/9/2000|
11. 20 GK‡ii bx‡P Rjgnv‡ji ZvwjKv, Zvwnicyi Dc‡Rjv, mybvgMÄ|
12. •`wbK RbKÉ, 25 RyjvB 2010|
13. •`wbK mgKvj, 20 †m‡Þ¤î, 2010|
14. •`wbK Avgv‡ì mgq, 21 †g 2011|
15. •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 1 †deªæqvwi, 2014|
17. †Rjv Z_¨ evZvqb|
18. Fishery Statistical YearBook of Bangladesh 2004-2005.
19. Fishery Statistical YearBook of Bangladesh 2007-2008.
20. Master Plan – Sep-2009/5 Annexur – VII (Bangladesh
Haor & Watland Deb. Board).
21. http:// www. bwdb.gov.bd / docs / haorreport.doc
22. Population & Housing Census-2011, National vol.-2, Union
statistics, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
164

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