NOTE: LOGARITHMS

B. LOGARITHMS

𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑛𝑛  𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑥𝑥 Where:
𝑎𝑎 > 0 & 𝑎𝑎 ≠ 1

BIL LAWS EXAMPLE

1. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 7𝑥𝑥 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 7 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑥𝑥

𝑎𝑎 8
2. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 8 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 3
𝑏𝑏 3

3. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 = 𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙8 364 = 4 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙8 36

4. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 = 𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙5 56 = 6

5. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 1 = 0 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙100 1 = 0

6. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 = 1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙4 4 = 1

Change base:
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 7
7. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙2 7 =
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 2
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 =
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎

Special case:

When 𝑏𝑏 = 𝑐𝑐 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙7 7
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙5 7 =
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙7 5
8. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 = 1
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎
=
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙7 5
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏 1
= =
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎

nuradibah/jmsk/pis 1
 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 5
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑎 ≠ 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 5 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 2
9. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 2
≠ 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑏
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑏
2.807 ≠ 0.398

3 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 3
𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 � � ≠
10. 8 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 8
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 � � ≠
𝑛𝑛 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛
0.426 ≠ 0.528

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙53 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 53

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 53
11. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎 3.970 =
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 𝑒𝑒

3.970 = 3.970

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 2 1
12. 𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑛𝑛 8𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙8 2
= 8𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 8 = 83 = 2

nuradibah/jmsk/pis 2