Marine Biology 10th Edition Castro

Solutions Manual
Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://testbankdeal.com/product/marine-biology-10th-edition-castro-solutions-manual
/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Marine Biology 10th Edition Castro Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/marine-biology-10th-edition-
castro-test-bank/

Marine Biology 9th Edition Castro Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/marine-biology-9th-edition-
castro-test-bank/

Introduction to Marine Biology 4th Edition Karleskint

Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/introduction-to-marine-
biology-4th-edition-karleskint-test-bank/

Biology 10th Edition Solomon Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/biology-10th-edition-solomon-
solutions-manual/
Biology 10th Edition Raven Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/biology-10th-edition-raven-
solutions-manual/

Campbell Biology 10th Edition Reece Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/campbell-biology-10th-edition-
reece-solutions-manual/

Biology Laboratory Manual 10th Edition Vodopich

Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/biology-laboratory-manual-10th-
edition-vodopich-solutions-manual/

Biology Life on Earth 10th Edition Audesirk Solutions

Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/biology-life-on-earth-10th-
edition-audesirk-solutions-manual/

Oceanography An Invitation to Marine Science 9th

Edition Garrison Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/oceanography-an-invitation-to-
marine-science-9th-edition-garrison-solutions-manual/
Chapter 07 - Marine Animals without A Backbone

CHAPTER 7
MARINE ANIMALS WITHOUT A BACKBONE

Chapter Outline
7.1 Sponges
7.2 Cnidarians: Radial Symmetry
Types of Cnidarians
Hydrozoans
Scyphozoans
Anthozoans
Biology of Cnidarians
Feeding and Digestion
Behavior
7.3 Comb Jellies: Radial Symmetry Revisited
7.4 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms
Flatworms
Ribbon Worms
Nematodes
Arrow Worms
Segmented Worms
Polychaetes
Oligochaetes
Leeches
Peanut Worms
7.5 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body
Types of Molluscs
Gastropods
Bivalves
Cephalopods
Other Molluscs
Biology of Molluscs
Feeding and Digestion
Nervous System and Behavior
Reproduction and Life History
7.6 Arthropods: The Armored Achievers
Crustaceans
The Small Crustaceans
Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs
Biology of Crustaceans
Feeding and Digestion
Nervous System and Behavior
Reproduction and Life History

7-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized
for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.
Chapter 07 - Marine Animals without A Backbone

Other Marine Arthropods

Horseshoe Crabs
Sea Spiders
Insects
7.7 Lophophorates
Bryozoans
Phoronids
Lamp Shells
7.8 Echinoderms: Five-Way Symmetry
Types of Echinoderms
Sea Stars
Brittle Stars
Sea Urchins
Sea Cucumbers
Crinoids
Biology of Echinoderms
Feeding and Digestion
Nervous System and Behavior
Reproduction and Life History
7.9 Hemichordates: A “Missing Link”?
7.10 Chordates Without a Backbone
Tunicates
Lancelets
Box Readings:
The Case of the Killer Cnidarians
How to Discover a New Phylum
Eye on Science: The Octopus Complex Brain

Chapter Summary
The chapter outlines the major groups of marine invertebrates, from sponges to protochordates. The chapter includes
short sections on the biology of the most common marine groups (cnidarians, molluscs, crustaceans, and
echinoderms). Relevant adaptations associated with nutrition, nervous system, behavior, reproduction, and life
history of these groups are discussed with emphasis placed on the most important diagnostic features of these
organisms. Extensive use is made of illustrations and photographs to help students understand the basic
morphological and functional features of each group. The basic characteristics of the invertebrate groups are
summarized in an end-of-chapter table, a useful teaching tool that should be pointed out to students.
The most recent views on the placement of chaetognaths and echiurans is followed. These views are also shown in
the cladogram of the major group of invertebrates (Fig. 7.1), which is now at the beginning of the chapter for easier
reference.
Material is presented in short and uncomplicated sections written so they can be assigned to students as
supplementary material. Like the box readings in the chapter, these sections are designed to stimulate student’s
curiosity and integrate knowledge with other fields of biology.

7-2
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized
for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.
Chapter 07 - Marine Animals without A Backbone

Students can follow current and future research on invertebrates by using the links provided in the Marine Biology’s
Online Learning Center or the list of recent references in the For Further Reading section. Intriguing subjects such as
the behavior of octopuses and other cephalopods, the use of jellyfishes and krill as food, the genomics of several
groups, and vision and behavior in mantis shrimps, for example, may be assigned as individual or group projects
using the web as a source of information.

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the most important morphological characters, ecological significance, and
economic importance of the major groups of marine invertebrates.
2. Compare and contrast between the major groups of marine invertebrates in terms of characters such as level of
organization, body symmetry, type of body cavity, and presence or absence of segmentation.
3. Compare and contrast between suspension and deposit feeding among invertebrates.
4. Compare and contrast between the general arrangement of important body structures (foot, mantle cavity, gills,
internal organs) between gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods.
5. Compare and contrast between the general arrangement of important body structures (mouth, anus, radial canals,
tube feet) between sea stars and sea urchins.
6. Explain the basic characteristics of the chordates.

Answers to Critical Thinking Questions

1. If bilateral symmetry were to evolve among the cnidarians, in which group or groups would you expect it to
occur? Why?
We would expect bilateral symmetry to develop among the mobile, non-sessile cnidarians: the jellyfishes. The
adaptive advantages of bilateral symmetry (the development of a head along an anterior-posterior axis) are
particularly advantageous in non-sessile animals. Parallels can be found among the echinoderms, where bilateral
symmetry evolved in the group that gave rise to the sea cucumbers, most probably a non-sessile group.
2. Cephalopods, the squids, octopuses, and allies, show a much higher degree of complexity than the other groups of
molluscs. What factors triggered the evolution of these changes? A rich fossil record among cephalopods shows that
once they were very common and even dominant in some marine environments. Now there are only about 650 living
species of cephalopods, far fewer than gastropods. In the end, were cephalopods successful? What do you think
happened along the way?
The demands of being a predator in the pelagic realm is the fundamental reason. We can say that cephalopods were
relatively successful since they did not become extinct. In fact, some unique species of squids are common in deep
water (see Chapter 16). Competition by fishes, faster and more efficient swimmers, appears to be the main reason
for the demise of many cephalopods. The evolution of the air-filled shell of cephalopods and its disadvantage in
comparison with the gas bladder of fishes is briefly discussed in The Chambered Nautilus, a box reading in Chapter
16.
3. A new class of echinoderms, the sea daisies, or concentricycloids, was discovered in 1986. They are deep-water
animals living on sunken wood. They are flat and round, looking very much like a small sea star without arms. They
also lack a gut. Without ever having seen them, why do you think they were classified as echinoderms, not as
members of a new phylum? Do you have any hypotheses as to how they feed or move around?
Sea daisies have a water vascular system and radial symmetry, both key characteristics of echinoderms. The water
vascular system consists of two concentric vascular rings (hence the class name) and tube feet. We do not know how
they feed or move, so this is a good opportunity for students to think and propose some possible explanations. Sea
daisies may absorb nutrients directly across a thin membrane that is located on the lower surface. This membrane
can perhaps release digestive enzymes directly into the decomposing wood. The absorption of dissolved organic
matter is discussed in Chapter 15. Sea daisies are no longer considered members of a separate class by many. The
7-3
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized
for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.
Chapter 07 - Marine Animals without A Backbone

position of sea daisies within the echinoderms is uncertain but it seems that they represent a group of highly
modified asteroids (see p. 804, Brusca, R. C. and G. J. Brusca, 2003. Invertebrates, second edition. Sinauer
Publishers).

7-4
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized
for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose
network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several

printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by
copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus,
we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any
particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new
eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear
about new eBooks.
back