Foundation in TESL

TSL024
Fundamentals of Writing:
Paraphrasing
Prepared by Prepared for
Nur Suhaila Aminudin
Broken Telephone Game:

Some state that Singapore has better food than Malaysia but I beg to differ because
our nasi lemak, curry, roti canai, dimsum, kuey teow, tom yum and satay are to die for
 Table of contents
01 02 03
Learning Outcome Introduction Significance

04 05 06
Strategies Exercises Conclusion
 01: Learning Outcome

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

I. recognise the definition and significance of paraphrasing

II. identify paraphrasing strategies
III. applying the paraphrasing strategies accurately
 02: Introduction
What is paraphrasing?

P - Put a writer’s idea in your own words

A - Avoid copying the text and changing the meaning
R - Reword and rearrange the structure
A - Ask yourself are the main ideas & supporting details included
 03: Significance

Why is paraphrasing important?

I. To avoid stealing another author’s idea

II. To avoid reusing past work and submitting it as
current work, without permission
III. To avoid copying a text word by word (verbatim),
IV. To avoid retaining the structure of an original work
V. To avoid citing the original source wrongly or
completely forgetting to cite them

It is to avoid plagiarism.
 04: Strategies

How to paraphrase? Active to

Synonym
Passive Voice

Sentence
Word Form Pattern

Reversal
05A: Social media platforms, especially platforms like YouTube for

Exercises
example, have proven to be excellent places for resources used in
the process of education. If you visit a website like this, you will
probably notice dozens of tutorials and guides that can help you
with school projects. Bear in mind that more than half of these
resources are completely free and you can access them from any
place you want.

(Synonym) 1. like adore, love, such as

2. for example for instance, to illustrate

3. help
Word by word
Phrase by phrase 4. more than half

E.g. shut is a synonym of close. 5. free

05B:
1. The graph shows the amount of meat consumption (noun) by the carnivores in

Exercises the zoo from the year 2013 to 2023

The graph shows how much meat is consumed (verb) by the carnivores in the

zoo from the year 2013 to 2023.

(Word Form) 2. Every guest could see how happy (adjective) the bride and groom were on
their wedding day.

(noun)

Change in parts of speech

Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs. 3. Slowly, (adverb) the thief tip toed his way out of his hiding spot to steer away
from the police.

(adjective)
 05C:
Exercises
1. People who share their photos, videos, and other information online may
be exposed to online danger

People who share their their videos, photos and other information online

may be exposed to online danger.

(Reversal) 2. They are playing a large and influential role in decision making
impacting the world socially, politically, economically and educationally.

Reversal in the order of listing

[Original] A, B and C
[Paraphrased] C, B and A
3. Typically, the reason for the rapid increase of AI utility among school,
college and university students is to gain immediate information.
Reversal in the order of importance
[Original] The most -> The least
important/common
[Paraphrased] The least -> The most
important/common

05D:
Exercises
(Sentence
Pattern)
Simple sentences (No. 1-2)
should be merged
Compound sentences (No. 3-4)
should be divided
Complex sentences (No. 5-6)
should be reversed
1. You’ll acquire Reading and Writing 2. Mandarin and Tamil classes will be
skills. You’ll learn Listening and
Speaking skills too.
provided without any charges. Korean
lessons are free as well.
You’ll acquire Reading, Writing,
Listening and Speaking skills.
3. These systems are referred to as 4. Applying Social Networking Sites
social; this is simply because they (SNSs) in teaching and learning offer
allow communication with buddies a positive impact on the adoption of
and co-workers so easily and
effectively.
SNSs and these open the door to the
new days of learning and teaching.
These systems are referred to as
social. This is simply because they
allow communication with buddies
and co-workers so easily and
effectively.
5. On a personal basis, the students 6. He studied hard since he wanted to
used the technologies to interact with go to medical school although he
others. suffered from arthritis.
The students used the technologies to
interact with others on a personal
basis.
05E: Exercise (Active to Passive Voice)
 05E: 1, Approximately, the proposed “free lunch program” assists 300 students.
(are assisted).

Exercises Approximately, 300 students are assisted by the proposed free lunch
programme

3. A talent show is a creativity contest where each member of the company

has the opportunity to demonstrate his or her unique skills. (is)

(Active to
Passive Voice) 4, Snapchat, Facebook, X and Instagram have led to the feelings of
depression, anxiety, poor body image and loneliness. (have been led from)
[Original] Active Voice:
Subject - Verb - Object

[Paraphrased] Passive Voice:

Object - Verb - Subject
 05E:
Exercises
1. His aunt was told by Ronny that a bear had mauled him, which she
found difficult to believe. (told)

Ronny told his aunt that a bear had mauled him, which she found difficult to
believe.

(Passive to 3. Their lecturer, who had always been supportive of their work, was
disappointed with the news. (disappointed)

Active Voice)
[Original] Passive Voice: 4. An essential part of our lives, yet many of us neglect it completely
Object - Verb - Subject is sleep. (is)

[Paraphrased] Active Voice:

Subject - Verb - Object
 06: Conclusion

Synonyms Word form Reversal

Word by word Change in parts of speech Reversal in order
Phrase by phrase (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs etc) & importance

Sentence Active to Passive

Pattern Voice
Simple, compound, complex Applicable for Passive to
sentence structure Active Voice too
Conclusion
Checklist:

I. Can you recognise the definition

and significance of paraphrasing?
II. Can you identify the five
paraphrasing strategies?
III. Can you apply the paraphrasing
strategies accurately?
 Virtual Revision
https://create.kahoot.it/share/paraphrasing/af32e8be-17d
7-4666-8df5-b749ae2c3b1e

Do you have any questions?

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