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Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
Note to instructors: Graphs are not to scale 6.

and are intended to convey a general idea. Gaussian distribution and bell curve
Answers are generated using Table E.
Answers generated using the TI calculator
7.
will vary slightly. Some TI calculator
The area is found by looking up D œ 1Þ!( in
answers are shown.
Table E and subtracting 0.5.
Area œ 0.)577 0.5 œ 0.3577
EXERCISE SET 6-1
1.
The characteristics of the normal
distribution are:
0 1.07
a. It is bell-shaped.
b. It is symmetric about the mean.
8.
c. The mean, median, and mode are equal.
The area is found by looking up D œ 1.77 in
d. It is continuous. Table E and subtracting 0.5.
e. It never touches the X-axis. Area œ 0.9616 0.5 œ 0.4616
f. The area under the curve is equal to 1.
g. It is unimodal.
h. About 68% of the area lies within 1
standard deviation of the mean, about 95%
within 2 standard deviations, and about 0 1.77
99.7% within 3 standard deviations of the
mean. 9.
The area is found by looking up D œ "Þ*$ in
2. Table E and subtracting 0.5.
Many variables are normally distributed, Area œ 0.9732 0.5 œ !Þ%($#
and the distribution can be used to
describe these variables.
3.
1 or 100%. 0 "Þ*$
4. 10.
50% of the area lies below the mean, and The area is found by looking up D œ 0.32
50% lies above the mean. in Table E and subtracting from 0.5.
Area œ 0.5 0.3745 œ 0.1255
5.
68%, 95%, 99.7%
0.32 0
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
109
11. 15.
The area is found by looking up D œ 0.$7 The area is found by looking up the values
in Table E and subtracting from 1. 1.09 and 1.83 in Table E and subtracting the
Area œ 1 0.6%%$ œ 0.3&&( areas.
Area œ 0.9664 0.8621 œ 0.1043
0 0.$(
1.09 1.83
12.
The area is found by looking up D œ 2.01 16.
in Table E and subtracting from 1. The area is found by looking up the values
Area œ 1 0.9778 œ 0.0222 1.23 and 1.90 in Table E and subtracting the
areas.
Area œ 0.9713 0.8907 œ 0.0806
0 2.01
13. 0 1.23 1.90

The area is found by looking up D œ 1.87
in Table E.
17.
Area œ 0.0$!(
The area is found by looking up the
values "Þ%' and "Þ(( in Table E and
subtracting the areas.
Area œ !Þ!(#" !Þ!$)% œ !Þ!$$(
1.)( 0
14.
The area is found by looking up D œ 0.75 1.(( 1.%6 0
in Table E.
Area œ 0.2266
18.
The area is found by looking up the values
0.96 and 0.36 in Table E and
subtracting the areas.
Area œ 0.3594 0.1685 œ 0.1909
0.75 0

110
18. continued 22.

The area is found by looking up 1.31 in
Table E. Area œ 0.9049
0.96 0.36 0
0 1.31
19.
The area is found by looking up the values
1.46 and 1.98 in Table E and 23.
subtracting the areas. The area is found by looking up 0.1)
Area œ 0.0721 0.0239 œ 0.0482 in Table E and subtracting it from 1.
1 0.%#)' œ !Þ&("%
1.98 1.46 0
0.") 0
20.
The area is found by looking up the values 24.
1.12 and 0.24 and subtracting the areas. The area is found by looking up 1.92
Area œ 0.5948 0.1314 œ 0.4634 in Table E and subtracting the area from
1. Area œ 1 0.0274 œ 0.9726
1.12 0 0.24
1.92 0
21.
The area is found by looking up "Þ"# in 25.
Table E. Area œ !Þ)')' For z œ 0.44, the area is 0.3300. For
z œ 1.92, the area is 1 0.9726 œ
0.0274 Area œ 0.3300 0.0274 œ
0.3574
0 "Þ"#
0.44 0 1.92

111
26. 31.
For z œ 2.15, the area is 0.0158. For Area œ 1 !Þ**!" œ !Þ!!**
z œ 1.62, the area is 1 0.9474 œ
0.0526 Area œ 0.0158 0.0526 œ
0.0684
0 #Þ$$
32.
2.15 0 1.62 Area œ 1 0.7939 œ 0.2061
27.
Area œ !Þ)#)* !Þ& œ !Þ$#)*
0 0.82
33.
0 0.9& Area œ !Þ!'&&
28.
Area œ 0.9750 0.5 œ 0.4750
"Þ&" 0
34.
0 1.69 Area œ 0.0384
29.
Area œ 0.5 !Þ!)$) œ !Þ%"'#
1.77 0
35.
"Þ$) 0
Area œ 0.9699 0.0192 œ 0.9507
30.
Area œ 0.5 0.1093 œ 0.3907
2.07 0 1.88
1.23 0

112
36. 41.
Area œ 0.9406 0.4207 œ 0.5199 Since the D score is on the left side of 0, use
the negative D table. Areas in the negative
D table are in the tail, so we will use
0.5 0.4175 œ 0.0825 as the area. The
closest D score corresponding to an area of
0.20 0 1.56 0.0825 is D œ 1.39.
(TI answer œ 1.3885)
37.
Area œ 0.9845 0.9947 œ 0.0428 42.
Since the D score is on the right side of 0,
use the positive D score table. Areas for
positive D scores include the left side of the
curve, which has an area of 0.5. Hence, we
must use 0.5 0.4066 œ 0.9066 as the
0 1.56 2.13
area. The D score corresponding to an area
of 0.9066 is z œ 1.32.
38. (TI answer œ 1.3201)
Area œ 0.9236 0.8686 œ 0.055
43.
D œ 2.08, found by using the negative D
table.
0 1.12 1.43
44.
39.
Using the positive D table,
Area œ 0.9222
1 0.0239 œ 0.9761, thus D œ 1.98.
45.
Use the negative D table and
0 1.42
1 0.8962 œ 0.1038 for the area. The D
score is D œ 1.26.
40. (TI answer œ 1.2602)
Area œ 1 0.0764 œ 0.9236
46.
D œ 1.84, found by using the positive D
table.
1.43 0

113
47. 50.
a. Using the negative D table, For a middle area of 48%, 24% lies on
area œ 1 0.9887 œ 0.0113. Hence each side of 0. To find the D score on the
D œ 2.28. left side, use area œ0.5 0.24 œ 0.26.
(TI answer œ 2.2801) The D score closest to an area of 0.26 is
0.64. Since the curve is symmetrical
b. Using the negative D table, about the mean (or center line), the D
area œ 1 0.8212 œ 0.1788. Hence score on the right side is 0.64.
D œ 0.92. (TI answer œ „ 0.6433)
51.
c. Using the negative D table, PÐ " D "Ñ œ 0.8413 0.1587
area œ 1 0.6064 œ 0.3936. Hence œ 0.6826
D œ 0.27.
(TI answer œ 0.26995) PÐ # D #Ñ œ 0.9772 0.0228
œ 0.9544 (TI answer œ 0.9545)
48.
a. D œ 0.12 for area œ 0.5478 PÐ $ D $Ñ œ 0.9987 0.0013
(TI answer œ 0.1201) œ 0.9974 (TI answer œ 0.9973)
b. D œ 0.52 for area œ 0.6985 They are very close.

52.
c. D œ 1.18 for area œ 0.8810 For the 75th percentile D œ 0.67
49.
a. For total area œ 0.05, there will be For the 80th percentile D œ 0.84
area œ 0.025 in each tail. The D scores are (TI answer œ 0.8416)
„ 1.96.
(TI answer œ „ 1.95996) For the 92th percentile D œ 1.41
b. For total area œ 0.10, there will be
area œ 0.05 in each tail. The D scores are 53.
D œ „ 1.645. For D œ 1.2, area œ 0.1151
(TI answer œ „ 1.64485) Area (left side) œ 0.5 0.1151 œ 0.3849
0.8671 0.3849 œ 0.4822
c. For total area œ 0.01, there will be Area (right side) œ 0.4822 0.5 œ
area œ 0.005 in each tail. The D scores are 0.9822
D œ „ 2.58. For area œ 0.9822, D œ 2.10 Thus,
(TI answer œ „ 2.57583) P( 1.2 D 2.10Ñ œ 0.8671

114
54. 58. continued

For D œ 2.5, area œ 0.9938 (2)#
e e 2
Area (right side) œ 0.9938 0.5 œ 0.4938 For B œ 2, C œ
2
œ
É 21 É6.28
0.7672 0.4938 œ 0.2734
0.1353
Area (left side) œ 0.5 0.2734 œ 0.2266 œ œ 0.05
É6.28
For area œ 0.2266, D œ 0.75
Thus, PÐ 0.75 D 2.5Ñ œ 0.7672 B C
-2.0 0.05
55. -1.5 0.13
For D œ 0.5, area œ 0.3085 -1.0 0.24
0.3085 0.2345 œ 0.074
-0.5 0.35
For area œ 0.074, D œ 1.45
0 0.40
Thus, PÐ 1.45 z 0.5Ñ œ 0.2345
0.5 0.35
For D œ 0.5, area œ 0.3085 1.0 0.24
0.5 0.3085 œ 0.1915 1.5 0.13
0.2345 0.1915 œ 0.043 2.0 0.05
0.5 0.043 œ 0.543
For area œ 0.543, D œ 0.11 0.4
Thus, PÐ 0.5 D 0.11Ñ œ 0.2345 0.3
0.2
0.1
56. 0
0.76 ƒ 2 œ 0.38 on each side. -2 -1 0 1 2
Area (right side) œ 0.5 0.38 œ 0.88

D œ 1.175
59.
Area (left side) œ 0.5 0.38 œ 0.12 Since the area under the curve to the left of
D œ 1.175 D œ #Þ$ and the area under the curve to the
Thus, PÐ 1.175 D 1.175Ñ œ 0.76 right of D œ "Þ# are overlapping areas,
(TI answer œ „ 1.17499) this covers the entire area under the curve.
Thus, the total area is 1.00.
57.
ÐX0)# X#
/
2(1)#
e
2 60.
yœ œ
1 É 21 É 21 Since the area under the curve to the right
of D œ #Þ$ does not overlap the area to the
58. left of D œ "Þ#, the area is 0.
Each B value ( 2, 1.5, etc.) is
#
e B
2 EXERCISE SET 6-2
substituted in the formula C œ to get
É 21
the corresponding C value. The pairs are 1.

then plotted as shown below. %! %$Þ(
Dœ "Þ' œ #Þ$"

115
1. continued 3.
750,000 706,242
P(D < #Þ$") œ !Þ!"!% or 1.04% a. D œ œ 0.84
52,145
P(D > 0.84) œ 1 0.7995 œ 0.2005 or

20.05% (TI answer œ 0.2007)
#Þ$" 0
2.
0 0.84
35,000 47,750
a. D œ œ 2.24
5680
600,000 706,242
b. D œ œ 2.04
52,145
45,000 47,750
Dœ œ 0.48
5680 700,000 706,242
Dœ œ 0.12
52,145
P( 2.24 < D < 0.62)
œ 0.3156 0.0125 P( 2.04 < D <0.12) œ 0.4522
0.0207
P œ 0.3031 or 30.31% (TI answer P œ 0.4315 or 43.15% (TI answer
œ 0.3017) œ 0.4316)
2.46 0.48 2.04 0.12
40,000 47,750
b. D œ œ 1.36 4.
5680
For the 90th percentile, area œ 0.4 and
P(D > 1.36) œ 1 0.0869 œ 0.9131
D œ 1.28
B œ 1.28(92) 1028
B œ 1145.8 or 1146
12001028
For a score of 1200, D œ œ 1.87
92
P(D > 1.87) œ 1 0.9693 œ 0.0307 or

1.36 3.07%
c. Not too happy! It's really at the bottom

of the heap! 5.
200225
31,000 47,750
a. D œ œ 2.5
10
Dœ œ 2.95
5680
220225
Dœ œ 0.5
10
P(D Ÿ 2.95) œ 0.0016
Only 0.16% of salaries are below $31,000. P( 2.5 < D < 0.5 ) œ
0.3085 0.0062 œ 0.3023 or 30.23%

116
5. continued 6. continued
2.5 0.5 1.01 0.93
b. D œ 2.5 7.
P(D 2.5) œ 0.0062 or 0.62% a. D œ ")"&
#Þ" œ "Þ%$
P(D > "Þ%$) œ 1 !Þ*#$' œ !Þ!('%

or (.'%% (TI answer œ 0.!('%)
2.5
6.
a. D œ
1000982
œ 0.1 0 "Þ%$
180
P(D 0.1) œ 1 0.5398 œ 0.4602 or

b. D œ "$"&
#Þ" œ !Þ*&
46.02%
P(D !Þ*&) œ !Þ"("" or "(.""%
(TI answer œ 0."("")
0.1
1475982 !.*&
b. D œ œ 2.74
180
P(D 2.74) œ 1 0.9969 8.

œ 0.0031 or 0.31% a. D œ
15,00012,837
œ 1.44
1500
P( D > 1.44) œ 1 0.9251 œ 0.0749 or

7.49%
2.74
800982
c. D œ œ 1.01
180
0 1.44
1150982
Dœ œ 0.93
180
13,00012,837
P( 1.01 D 0.93) œ b. D œ œ 0.11
1500
0.8238 0.1562 œ 0.6676 or 66.76% 14,00012,837
Dœ œ 0.78
1500

117
8. continued 10.
3025
P( 0.11 < D < 0.78) œ 0.7823 0.5438 Dœ œ 0.82
6.1
œ 0.2385 or 23.85%
P(D 0.82) œ 1 0.7939 œ 0.2061 or
20.61%
1825
Dœ œ 1.15
6.1
0.11 0.78 P(D 1.15) œ 0.1251 or 12.51%
9. 11.
For B 15,000 miles:
10003262
15,00012,494
a. D œ œ 2.06
1100
Dœ œ 1.94
1290
P( D 2.06) œ 1 0.0197 œ 0.9803 or
P(D 1.94) œ 1 0.9738 œ 0.0262 98.03% (TI answer œ 0.9801)
2.06
0 1.94
40003262
For B 8000 miles: b. D œ œ 0.67
1100
800012,494
Dœ œ 3.48 P( D > 0.67) œ 1 0.7486 œ 0.2514 or
1290
25.14% (TI answer œ 0.2511)
P(D 3.48) œ 0.0003
0 0.67
30003262
3.48 0 c. D œ œ 0.24
1100
For B 6000 miles: P( 0.24 < z < 0.67) œ 0.7486

0.4052 œ 0.3434 or 34.34%
600012,494
Dœ œ 5.03 (TI answer œ 0.3430)
1290
P(D 5.03) œ 0.0001
Maybe it would be good to know why it

had only been driven less than 6000
miles. 0.24 0.67

118
12. 14.
P(B $$.00) œ P(D ?) Dœ
384 225
œ 3.53
45
For area œ 0.15, D œ 1.04
Using D œ P(D 3.53) œ 1 0.9999 œ 0.0001
= :
\\
The probability is less than 0.0001.

$Þ!! $Þ%#
1.04 œ
s
1.04= œ $Þ!! $Þ%#

1.04= œ !Þ%#
= œ !Þ%!$) or ¸ %!.$) cents
0 3.53
13.
15.
a. D œ "%#"$!
& œ #Þ%
7472
a. D œ œ 0.67
3
P(D > 2.4) œ 1 !Þ**") œ !Þ!!)#
6872
(TI answer œ 0.!!)#) Dœ œ 1.33
3
P( 1.33 < D < 0.67) œ

!Þ7486 !Þ0918 œ !Þ6568
(TI answer œ !Þ6568)
0 #Þ%
b. D œ "#&"$!
& œ "
P(D < ") œ !Þ"&)(

1.33 0.67
(TI answer œ !Þ"&)()
b.
7072
Dœ œ 0.67
3
P(D 0.67) œ 1 0.2514 œ 0.7486

1 0
c. D œ "$'"$!
&
œ "Þ#
"#)"$!
Dœ & œ !Þ%
0.67
P( !Þ% < D < "Þ#) œ
!Þ))%* !Þ$%%' œ !Þ&%!$
7572
(TI answer œ !Þ&%!$) c. D œ œ1
3
P(D 1) œ 0.8413
!Þ% "Þ#

119
16. 19.
P)! corresponds to D œ 0.84 The middle 80% means that 40% of the
area will be on either side of the mean.
For male professors: The corresponding D scores will be
B œ 0.84(5200) 99,685 „ 1.28.
B œ $104,053 B œ 1.28(92) 1810 œ 1692.24 sq. ft.
B œ 1.28(92) 1810 œ 1927.76 sq. ft.
For female professors:
(TI answers: 1927.90 maximum,
B œ 0.84(5200) 90,330
1692.10 minimum)
B œ $94,698
17.
3836
Dœ œ 0.4
5
1692 1810 1928
3236
Dœ œ 0.8
5
20.
P( 0.8 < D < 0.4) œ
The middle 80% means that 40% of the
!Þ6554 !Þ2119 œ !Þ4435
(TI answer œ !Þ4435)
Thus, D œ „ 1.28
B œ 1.28(15,000) 246,300 œ $227,100
B œ 1.28(15,000) 246,300 œ $265,500
0.8 0.4
18.
The middle 50% means that 25% of the 227,100 246,300 265,500
Thus, area œ 0.25 and D œ „ 0.67. 21.
B œ 0.67(103) 792 œ 861.01 1200949
Dœ œ 2.51
B œ 0.67(103) 792 œ 722.99 100
P( D 2.51) œ 1 0.9940 œ 0.006 or 0.6%

The contributions are between $723
and $861.
0 2.51
$723 $861 For the least expensive 10%, the area is 0.4
on the left side of the curve. Thus,
D œ 1.28.
B œ 1.28(100) 949 œ $821

120
22. 25. continued

The bottom 5% (area) is in the left tail of
For the shortest 30%, the area is 0.30.
the normal curve. The corresponding z
Thus, D œ 0.52.
score is found using area œ 0.05. Thus,
B œ 0.52(1.449) 4.8
D œ 1.645.
B œ 4.047 days or 4.05 days
B œ 1.645(18) 122.6 œ 92.99 or 93
26.
a. For the top 3%, the area is 0.97.
Thus, D œ 1.88.
92.99 122.6
B œ 1.88(100) 400
B œ 588 minimum score to receive the
23.
award.
The middle 50% means that 25% of
the area will be on either side of the b. For the bottom 1.5%, the area is
mean. The corresponding D scores 0.015. Thus, D œ 2.17.
will be „ 0.67. B œ 2.17(100) 400
B œ 0.67(4) 120 œ 117.32 B œ 183
B œ 0.67(4) 120 œ 122.68 The minimum score needed to avoid
(TI answer: 117.32 . 122.68) summer school is 184 since a score of
183 would be included in the summer
school group.
27.
117.32 120 122.68 The bottom 18% area is 0.18. Thus,
D œ 0.92.
24. B œ 0.92(6256) 24,596 œ $18,840.48
For the oldest 20%, the area is 0.8. (TI answer œ $18,869.48)
Thus, D œ 0.84.
22.8 œ 0.84= 19.4
28.
= œ 4.048 or 4.05 years
For B > 25 gallons:
25 34
Dœ œ 3.33
25. 2.7
For the longest 10%, the area is 0.90. P(D > 3.33) œ 1 0.0004 œ 0.9996
Thus, D œ 1.28 (TI answer œ 0.9996)
Since 5 œ 2.1, 5 œ È#Þ" œ 1.449
#
B œ 1.28(1.449) 4.8
B œ 6.65 or 6.7 days
25 34

121
28. continued 32.

No. Any subgroup would not be a
For 28 B 30 gallons:
perfect representation of the seniors;
28 34
Dœ œ 2.22 therefore, the mean and standard
2.7
30 34 deviation would be different.

Dœ œ 1.48
2.7
P( 2.22 Ÿ D Ÿ 1.48) 33.

œ 0.0694 0.0132 œ 0.0562 For temperature of at least 85°, area
(TI answer œ 0.0562) is 1 0.05 œ 0.95. Then D œ 1.645
85 œ 1.645= 73
= œ 7.29°
34.
28 30 34 No. The shape of the distributions
would be the same, since D scores are
29. raw scores scaled by the standard
The 10% to be exchanged would be at deviation.
the left, or bottom, of the curve;
therefore, 35.
area œ 0.10 and the corresponding D score For payments above $1255.94, area is
will be 1.28. 1 0.25 œ 0.75. Then D œ 0.67
B œ 1.28(5) 25 œ 18.6 months. 1255.94 œ 0.67(120) B
B œ $1175.54
36.
3.75% area in the left tail means that
18.6 25 area œ 0.0375. Thus, D œ 1.78.
85.
1.78 œ
30. 6
The top 20% means that area œ 0.80. The 1.78(6) œ 85 .

corresponding D score is 0.84. . œ 95.68
B œ 0.84(9) 64 œ 71.56 ¸ 72
37.
Since P(13.1 < B < 23.5) œ 0.95, the area
on each side of the mean is 0.475.
Thus, D œ „ 1.96.
64 71.56 23.518.3
1.96 œ =
= œ 2.653
31. 1518.3
Dœ œ 1.24
a. . œ 120 5 œ 20 2.653
P(D < 1.24) œ 0.1075
b. . œ 15 5 œ 2.5
c. . œ 30 5œ5

122
38. 40.
The cutoff for the A's and F's would be: Histogram:
B œ . D5 20
B œ 60 1.65(10) 15
Frequency
B œ 76.5 for the A's 10
B œ 60 ( 1.65)(10) 5
B œ 43.5 for the F's

0
16.5-87.5 87.5-158.5 158.5- 229.5- 300.5- 371.5-
229.5 300.5 371.5 442.5
Tax
For the B's and D's: The histogram shows a positive skew.
B œ 60 (0.84)(10)
3(147.04138.5)
B œ 68.4 for the B's PI œ œ 0.27
93.55
B œ 60 ( 0.84)(10)
IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 200 62 œ 138
B œ 51.6 for the D's
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(138) œ 207
Q" 207 œ 145
The grading scale would be:
77 and up A Q$ 207 œ 407
68 76 B There is one outlier.
52 67 C Conclusion: The distribution is not
44 51 D normal.
0 43 F
41.
39. Histogram:
Histogram: 18
16
14
12
12
Frequency
10 10
8 8
6
6
4
f
4 2
2 0
27.5-102.5 102.5-177.5 177.5-252.5 252.5-327.5 327.5-402.5
0
636.5-926.5 926.5-1216.5 1216.5-1506.5 1506.5-1796.5 1796.5-2086.5 Revenue
Num ber of Movies
The histogram shows a positive skew.
3(9059)
PI œ œ 1.04
3(970.2853.5) 89.598
PI œ œ 0.93
376.5 IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 111 32 œ 79
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(79) œ 118.5
IQR œ Q3 Q" œ 910 815 œ 95
Q" 118.5 œ 86.5
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(95) œ 142.5
Q$ 118.5 œ 229.5
Q" 142.5 œ 672.5 There are two outliers.
Q$ 142.5 œ 1052.5 Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
There are several outliers.
Conclusion: The distribution is not
normal.

123
42. 6.
Histogram: Dœ \.
5
8
6
4
7.
f
2 X. 6360
0 Dœ 5 œ 8
œ 2.05
Én
2.5-17.5 17.5-32.5 32.5-47.5 47.5-62.5 62.5-77.5 É30
Runs
5860
Dœ œ 1.37
The histogram shows a negative skew. 8
É30
3(45.252)
PI œ œ 0.99 P( 1.37 D 2.05) œ 0.9798 0.0853
20.58
IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 60.5 29.5 œ 31 œ 0.8945or 89.45%

1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(31) œ 46.5
Q" 46.5 œ 17
Q$ 46.5 œ 107
There are no outliers.
Conclusion: The distribution is not normal. 58 60 63
43. Answers will vary. 8.

X. 1717.2
Dœ 5 œ 2.5
œ 0.59
EXERCISE SET 6-3 Én
É55
1817.2
Dœ œ 2.37
1. 2.5
É55
The distribution is called the sampling
P( 0.59 D 2.37) œ 0.9911 0.2776
distribution of sample means.
œ 0.7135 or 71.35%
2.
The sample is not a perfect representation of
the population. The difference is due to
what is called sampling error.
17 17.2 18
3.
The mean of the sample means is equal to 9.
the population mean. X. 10 12
a. D œ 5 œ 3.2
œ 3.75
Én
É36
4.
P(z 3.75) œ 0.00009
The standard deviation of the sample means
is called the standard error of the mean.
5X œ 5
Én
5.
The distribution will be approximately
normal when sample size is large. 10 12

124

X. 10 12
b. D œ 5 œ 3.2
œ 3.75
Én
É36
P(D 3.75) œ 1 0.00009 œ 0.99991

$56,000 $57,337
11.
X. 37.536
Dœ 5 œ 3.6
œ 2.47
10 12 Én
É35
X. 3436
c. D œ
X.
œ
12 12
œ0 Dœ 5 œ 3.6
œ 3.29
Én
5 3.2
Én É35
É36
Dœ
X.
5 œ
11 12
œ 1.88 P( 3.29 < D < 2.47) œ 0.9932 0.0005
3.2
Én
É36 œ 0.9927or 99.27%
P( 1.88 D 0) œ 0.50 0.0301
œ 0.4699
34 36 37.5
11 12 12.
$45,000 $37,764
a. D œ œ 1.42
$5100
10.
$52,000 $57,337 P(D 1.42) œ 1 0.9222 œ 0.0778 or
a. D œ œ 0.71
$7500 7.78%
P(D < 0.71) œ 0.2389 or 23.89%
0 1.42
0.71 0
$38,000 $37,764
b. D œ $5100
œ 0.40
$56,000$57,337 É75
b. D œ $7500
œ 1.78
É100 P(D 0.40) œ 1 0.6554 œ 0.3446
P(D < 1.78) œ 0.0375 or 3.75% or 34.46%
$37,764 $38,000

125
13. 15. continued

X. 8 8.61
Dœ 5 œ 1.39
œ 3.10
Én
É50
P(D 3.1) œ 1 0.001 œ 0.9990

2708 3000
16.
23.824.3
Dœ 2.6
œ 1.10
8 8.61 É33
P(D < 1.10) œ 0.1357 or 13.57%

14.
Since 8 30, we can use the normal
distribution.
10501028
Dœ 100
œ 3.11 23.8 24.3
É200
P(D 3.11) œ 1 0.9991 œ 0.0009 17.

or 0.001 X. 120 123
Dœ 5 œ œ 0.55
(TI answer œ 0.0009) Én
21
É15
Thus, we would be surprised to get a
X. 126123
sample mean of 1050 since the Dœ 5 œ #" œ 0.55
Én É15
probability is very small.
P( 0.55 D 0.55) œ 0.7088 0.2912
œ 0.4176 or 41.76%
15.
X. 3000 2708
Dœ œ œ 0.72
5 405
P(z 0.72) œ 1 0.7642 œ 0.2358

120 123 126
18.
$3800 $4064
0 0.72 a. D œ œ 2.57
460
É20
X. 3000 2708 P(D 2.57) œ 0.0051 or 0.51%

Dœ 5 œ 405
œ 3.95
Én
É30
P(z 3.95) œ 1 0.9999 œ 0.0001

P(D 3.95) 0.0001
$3800 $4064

126
b. D œ
$4100 $4064
œ 0.35 P(D 4.57) œ 0.0001 or 0.01%
460
É20 (TI answer œ 0.0000024)
P(D 0.35) œ 1 0.6368 œ 0.3632 The probability is less than 0.0001.
$4064 $4100 $48,000 $51,803
19. 21.
X. 1980 2000 X. 8.28.9
Dœ œ œ 0.75 a. D œ œ œ 0.44
5 187.5 5 1.6
Én
É50
P(D 0.44) œ 0.33 or 33%
X. 1990 2000
Dœ 5 œ 187.5
œ 0.38
Én
É50
P( 0.75 D 0.38)
œ 0.3520 0.2266 œ 0.1254
(TI answer œ 0.12769) 0.44 0
8.28.9
b. D œ 1.6
œ 1.38
É10
P(D 1.38) œ 0.0838 or 8.38%

1980 1990 2000
20.
For B $50,000:
X. $50,000 $51,803 8.2 8.9
Dœ 5 œ $4850
œ 2.17
Én
É34
c. Yes, since the probability is slightly
P(D 2.17) œ 1 0.0150 œ 0.985 or
more than 30%.
98.5%
d. Yes, but not as likely.
22.
121.8 120
$50,000 $51,803 a. D œ œ 0.32
5.6
120 120
For B $48,000: Dœ œ0
5.6
$48,000 $51,803
Dœ $4850
œ 4.57 P(0 D 0.32) œ 0.6255 0.5 œ 0.1255
É34 or 12.55%

127
24.
36 36.2
a. D1 œ œ 0.05
3.7
37.5 36.2
D2 œ œ 0.35
3.7
0 0.32
P( 0.05 D 0.35) œ 0.6368 0.4801
121.8 120
b. D œ 5.6
œ 1.76 œ 0.1567 or 15.67%
É30
120 120
Dœ 5.6
œ0
É30
P(0 D 1.76) œ 0.9608 0.5

œ 0.4608 or 46.08% 0.05 0 0.35
36 36.2
b. D1 œ 3.7
œ 0.21
É15
37.5 36.2
D2 œ 3.7
œ 1.36
É15
120 121.8
P( 0.21 D 1.36) œ 0.9131 0.4168
c. Sample means are less variable than œ 0.4963 or 49.63%
individual data. (TI answer œ 0.04779)
23.
220 215
a. D œ œ 0.33
15
P(D 0.33) œ 1 0.6293 œ 0.3707 or
36 36.2 37.5
37.07%
25.
1 0.0985 œ 0.9015
The D score corresponding to an area of
0.9015 is 1.29.
0 0.33
1.29 œ &#!&!)
(#
È8
220 215 12È8

b. D œ 15
œ 1.67 1.29 œ
72
92.88 œ 12È8
É25
P(D 1.67) œ 1 0.9525 œ 0.0475 or

7.74 œ È8
4.75%
59.9 œ 8
The sample size is approximately 60.
215 220

128
26. 29.
Since 50 0.05(500) or 25, the correction 5x œ 5
œ
15
œ 1.5
Én É100
factor must be used.
15
2(1.5) œ
It is Ê
50050
œ 0.950 Én
5001
X. 7072 3 † Én œ 15
Dœ œ œ 2.81
†Ê Én œ 5
Nn 5.3
5 †(0.95)
Én n 1 É50
n œ 25, the sample size necessary to double

P(D 2.81) œ 0.0025
the standard error.
30.
1.5 15
œ
2 Én
70 72
0.75 † Én œ 15
Én œ
15
œ 20
27. 0.75
Since 50 0.05(800) or 40, the correction n œ 400, the sample size necessary to cut the
factor is necessary. standard error in half.
It is Ê
80050
œ 0.969
8001
EXERCISE SET 6-4
X. 83,50082,000
Dœ œ œ 2.19
†Ê
Nn 5000
5 (0.969)
Én n 1 É50 1.
When p is approximately 0.5, and as n
P(D 2.19) œ 1 0.9857 œ 0.0143 or
increases, the shape of the binomial
1.43%
distribution becomes similar to the normal
distribution.
2.
The normal approximation should be used
82,000 83,500
only when n † p and n † q are both greater
than or equal to 5.
28.
The upper 95% is the same as 5% in the left
3.
tail. For area œ 0.05 in the left tail, the
The correction for continuity is necessary
corresponding D score is 1.65.
because the normal distribution is
X2000
1.65 œ 100
continuous and the binomial is discrete.
É20
100
1.65( ) 2000 œ X 4.
É20
When : is close to 0 or 1 and 8 is small, the
X œ 1963.10
normal distribution should not be used as an
approximation to the binomial distribution.
That is, when 8: & and 8; &, the
normal distribution should not be used to
appromate the binomial distribution.
1963.10 2000

129
5. 5. continued
For each problem use the following
P(11.5 X 12.5) œ 0.7967 0.6915
formulas:
œ 0.1052 or 10.52%
5 œ Énpq
X.
. œ np zœ 5
Be sure to correct each X for continuity.
a. . œ 0.5(30) œ 15
5 œ É(0.5)(0.5)(30) œ 2.74
10 11.5 12.5
17.515
Dœ œ 0.91 area œ 0.8186
2.74
6.
18.515
Dœ œ 1.28 area œ 0.8997 a. . œ 10(0.5) œ 5
2.74
5 œ É(0.5)(0.5)(10) œ 1.58
P(17.5 X 18.5) œ 0.8997 0.8186
6.55
œ 0.0811 œ 8.11% Dœ œ 0.95 area œ 0.8289
1.58
P(X 6.5) œ 1 0.8289 œ 0.1711 or

17.11%
15 17.5 18.5
b. . œ 0.8(50) œ 40
5 6.5
5 œ É(50)(0.8)(0.2) œ 2.83
43.540
b. . œ 20(0.7) œ 14
œ 1.24
5 œ É(20)(0.7)(0.3) œ 2.05
Dœ
2.83
area œ 0.8925
44.540
Dœ œ 1.59 area œ 0.9441 Dœ
12.514
œ 0.73 area œ 0.2327
2.83
2.05
P(43.5 X 44.5) œ 0.9441 0.8925 P(X Ÿ 12.5) œ 0.2327 or 23.27%

œ 0.0516 or 5.16%
12.5 14
40 43.5 44.5
c. . œ 50(0.6) œ 30
c. . œ 0.1(100) œ 10 5 œ É(50)(0.6)(0.4) œ 3.46
5 œ É(0.1)(0.9)(100) œ 3 40.530
Dœ œ 3.03 area œ 0.9988
3.46
11.510
Dœ œ 0.50 area œ 0.6915
3 P(X Ÿ 40.5) œ 0.9988 or 99.88%
12.510
Dœ œ 0.83 area œ 0.7967
3

130
P(X 249.5) œ 1 0.0030 œ 0.9970 or

99.7%
30 40.5
7. 249.5 280
a. np œ 20(0.50) œ 10 5 Yes
nq œ 20(0.50) œ 10 5 11.
b. np œ 10(0.60) œ 6 5 No . œ 120(0.659) œ 79.08
nq œ 10(0.40) œ 4 5
5 œ É(120)(0.659)(0.341) œ 5.1929
c. np œ 40(0.90) œ 36 5 No
64.5 79.08
nq œ 40(0.10) œ 4 5 Dœ œ 2.81 area œ 0.0025
5.1929
85.5 79.08
Dœ œ 1.24 area œ 0.8925
8. 5.1929
a. np œ 50(0.20) œ 10 5 Yes P(64.5 X 85.5) œ 0.8925 0.0025

nq œ 50(0.80) œ 40 5 P(64.5 Ÿ X Ÿ 85.5) œ 0.8900
b. np œ 30(0.80) œ 24 5 Yes (TI answer œ 0.8893)
nq œ 30(0.20) œ 6 5
c. np œ 20(0.85) œ 17 5 No
nq œ 20(0.15) œ 3 5
9. 64.5 79.08 85.5

. œ 200(0.22) œ 44
5 œ É(200)(0.22)(0.78) œ 5.8583 12.
30.5 44 . œ 600(0.08) œ 48
Dœ œ 2.30 area œ 0.0107
5 œ É(600)(0.08)(0.92) œ 6.65
5.8583
P(X 30.5) œ 1 0.0107 œ 0.9893

39.548
Dœ œ 1.28
6.65
P(X 39.5) œ 0.1003 or 10.03%
30.5 44
10. 39.5 48
. œ 500(0.56) œ 280
5 œ É(500)(0.56)(0.44) œ 11.1
13.
249.5280 . œ 60(0.76) œ 45.6
Dœ œ 2.75 area œ 0.0030
5 œ É(60)(0.76)(0.24) œ 3.3082
11.1

131
13. continued 16.

48.5 45.6
. œ 150(0.289) œ 43.35
œ 0.88 area œ 0.8106
5 œ É(150)(0.289)(0.711) œ 5.55
Dœ
3.3082
47.5 45.6
Dœ œ 0.57 area œ 0.7157 50.5 43.35
3.3082 Dœ œ 1.29 area œ 0.9015
5.55
P(47.5 X 48.5) œ 0.8106 0.7157
P(X 50.5) œ 1 0.9015 œ 0.0985
P(47.5 X 48.5) œ 0.0949
43.35 50.5
45.6 47.5 48.5
17.
14. . œ 200(0.125) œ 25
. œ 180(0.72) œ 129.6 5 œ É(200)(0.125)(0.875) œ 4.6771
5 œ É(180)(0.72)(0.28) œ 6.024 21.525
Dœ œ 0.75
4.6771
124.5 129.6
Dœ œ 0.85 area œ 0.1977 P(X 21.5) œ 1 0.2266 œ 0.7734
6.024
115.5 129.6 (TI answer œ 0.7734)

Dœ œ 2.34 area œ 0.0096
6.024 Yes, it is very likely.
P(115.5 X 124.5) œ 0.1977 0.0096
P(115.5 X 124.5) œ 0.1881
21.5 25
18.
115.5 124.5 129.6
. œ 250(0.4826) œ 120.65
5 œ É(250)(0.4826)(0.5174) œ 7.9009
15.
109.5 120.65
p œ 0.22 . œ 400(0.22) œ 88 Dœ œ 1.41 area œ 0.0793
7.9009
5 œ É(400)(0.22)(0.78) œ 8.2849
P(X 109.5) œ 0.0793
92.588
Dœ œ 0.54
8.2849
P(X Ÿ 92.5) œ 0.7054 or 70.54%
109.5 120.65
88 92.5

132
19. 22.
. œ 200(0.261) œ 52.2 . œ 350(0.35) œ 122.5
5 œ É(200)(0.261)(0.739) œ 6.21 5 œ É(350)(0.35)(0.65) œ 8.92
50.5 52.2 99.5122.5
Dœ œ 0.27 Dœ œ 2.58 area œ 0.0049
6.21 8.92
P(X Ÿ 50.5) œ 0.3936

P(X 99.5) œ 1 0.0049 œ 0.9951 or
99.51% (TI answer œ 0.9950)
Yes; it is likely that 100 or more people
would favor the parking lot.
50.5 52.2
20.
. œ 200(0.675) œ 135 99.5 122.5
5 œ É200(0.675)(0.325) œ 6.62
124.5 135
23.
Dœ œ 1.59 area œ 0.0559 a. n(0.1) 5 n 50
6.62
b. n(0.3) 5 n 17
P(X 124.5) œ 0.0559 or 5.59%
c. n(0.5) 5 n 10
d. n(0.2) 5 n 25
e. n(0.1) 5 n 50
REVIEW EXERCISES - CHAPTER 6
124.5 135
1.
a. 0.9803 0.5 œ 0.4803
21.
. œ 300(0.803) œ 240.9
5 œ É(300)(0.803)(0.197) œ 6.89
X $% (300) or X 225
0 2.06
224.5 240.9
Dœ œ 2.38
6.89
P(X 224.5) œ 0.0087 b. 0.7019 0.5 œ 0.2019
224.5 240.9 0 0.53

133
c. 0.9591 0.8962 œ 0.0629 c. 1 0.0869 œ 0.9131
0 1.26 1.74 1.36 0
d. 0.9484 0.1539 œ 0.7945 d. 0.0183

2.09 0
−1.02 0 1.63
e. 0.9535
e. 0.6879 0.4721 œ 0.2158
0 1.68
0.07 0 0.49
3.
2. a. 0.9871 0.5 œ 0.4871
a. 0.8643 0.0359 œ 0.8284
0 2.23
1.80 0 1.10
b. 0.5 0.0401 œ 0.4599
b. 1 0.9767 œ 0.0233
−1.75 0
0 1.99

134
c. 0.9535 0.0694 œ 0.8841 d. 0.9732
1.48 0 1.68 0 1.93
d. 0.9616 0.8888 œ 0.0728

e. 1 0.0384 œ 0.9616
0 1.22 1.77 1.77 0
e. 0.6255 0.0104 œ 0.6151

5.
$6000 $5274
Dœ œ 1.21
$600
P(D 1.21) œ 1 0.8869 œ 0.1131
2.31 0 0.32
4.
a. 1 0.9515 œ 0.0485 0 1.21
For the middle 50%, 25% of the area is on

each side of 0. Thus, D œ „ 0.67
1.66 B œ 0.67(600) 5274 œ $5676

0
B œ 0.67(600) 5274 œ $4872
b. 0.0212 (TI answers: $4869.31 to $5678.69)
6.
68,00063,000
a. D œ œ 1.00 area œ 0.8413
5000
2.03 0 P(D 1.00) œ 1 0.8413 œ 0.1587
c. 1 0.1170 œ 0.8830
0 1.00
1.19 0

135
6. continued 8.
For more than $15 per month:
68,00063,000
b. D œ 5000
œ 3.00 area œ 0.9987 $15 $10.15
É9 Dœ œ 1.98
$2.45
P(D 3.00) œ 1 0.9987 œ 0.0013 P(D 1.98) œ 1 0.9761 œ 0.0239
63,000 68,000
0 1.98
For between $12 and $14 per month:
7.
$12 $10.15
a. D œ
476476
œ0 Dœ œ 0.76
$2.45
22
$14 $10.15
Dœ
500476
œ 1.09 Dœ œ 1.57
$2.45
22
P(0.76 D 1.57) œ 0.9418 0.7764

P(0 D 1.09) œ 0.8621 0.5 œ 0.3621
œ 0.1654
or 36.21%
0 1.09
0.76 1.57
450476
b. D œ œ 1.18
22 9.
P(D 1.18) œ 0.1190 or 11.9% For 15% costs, area œ 0.85
D œ 1.04
X œ 1.04(10.50) 120 œ $130.92
10.
1.18 0 For 15% costs, area œ 0.85
D œ 1.04
510476 X œ 1.04($750) $8000 œ $7220
c. D œ œ 1.55
22
P(D 1.55) œ 1 0.9394 œ 0.0606 or

11.
6.06%
Histogram:
8
6
4
f
2
0
979.5- 1584.5- 2189.5- 2794.5- 3399.5- 4004.5-
1584.5 2189.5 2794.5 3399.5 4004.5 4609.5
0 1.55 Enrollment

136

3(2136.11755) X. $60 $61.50
PI œ œ 0.98 b. D œ 5 œ œ 1.80
1171.7 $5.89
Én
É50
IQR œ Q$ Q"
IQR œ 2827 1320 œ 1507 P(X 60) œ 1 0.0359 œ 0.9641
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(1507) œ 2260.5

Q" 2260.5 œ 940.5
Q$ 2260.5 œ 5087.5
Conclusion: The distribution is not $60 $61.50
normal.
14.
12. a. D œ
18 19.32
œ 0.54
2.44
Histogram:
15 P(D 0.54) œ 1 0.2946 œ 0.7054
10
f
5
0
2144.5- 4384.5- 6624.5- 8864.5- 11104.5- 13344.5-
4384.5 6624.5 8864.5 11104.5 13344.5 15584.5
Height
PI œ
3(6972.25931.5)
œ 0.90 0.54 0
3458.85
IQR œ Q$ Q" 18 19.32

b. D œ 2.44
œ 1.21
IQR œ 9348 5135 œ 4213 É5
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(4213) œ 6319.5

P(D 1.21) œ 1 0.1131 œ 0.8869
Q" 6319.5 œ 1184.5
Q$ 6319.5 œ 15,667.5
Conclusion: The distribution is not
normal.
1.21 0
13.
X. 27 25.7
a. D œ 5 œ 3.75
œ 2.19 15.
Én
É40
X. 670 660
a. D œ œ œ 0.29
P(X 27) œ 1 0.9857 œ 0.0143 5 35
(TI answer œ 0.0142) P(z 0.29) œ 1 0.6141 œ 0.3859

25.7 27
0 0.29

137
15. continued 18.

. œ np œ 500(0.05) œ 25
X. 670 660
5 œ Énpq œ É(500)(0.05)(0.95) œ 4.87
b. D œ 5 œ 35
œ 0.90
Én
É10
30.525
P(z 0.90) œ 1 0.8159 œ 0.1841 Dœ œ 1.13
4.87
(TI answer œ 0.1831) 29.525
Dœ œ 0.92
4.87
P(29.5 X 30.5) œ 0.8708 0.8212

œ 0.0496 or 4.96%
660 670
c. Individual values are more variable

than means.
29.5 30.5
16. 19.
3.43.7
Dœ 0.6
œ 2.83 For fewer than 10 holding multiple jobs:
É32 . œ 150(0.053) œ 7.95
5 œ É(150)(0.053)(0.947) œ 2.744
P(X 3.4) œ 1 0.9977 œ 0.0023 or
0.23%
9.5 7.95
Dœ œ 0.56
2.74
P(X 9.5) œ 0.7123

3.4 3.7
Yes, since the probability is less than 1%.
17. 7.95 9.5

. œ 120(0.173) œ 20.76
For more than 50 not holding multiple
5 œ É120(0.173)(0.827) œ 4.14
jobs: . œ 150(0.947) œ 142.05
5 œ É150(0.947)(0.053) œ 2.744
20.5 20.76
Dœ œ 0.06
4.14
34.5 20.76 50.5 142.05

Dœ œ 3.32 Dœ œ 33.37
4.14 2.744
P(20.5 X 34.5) œ 0.9995 0.4761 P(X 50.5) œ 1 0.0001 œ 0.9999

œ 0.5234 (TI answer œ 0.9999)
50.5 142.05
20.5 20.76 34.5

138
20. CHAPTER 6 QUIZ

. œ 800(0.30) œ 240
5 œ É(800)(0.3)(0.7) œ 12.96
1. False, the total area is equal to one.
259.5240 2. True
zœ œ 1.50
12.96
3. True
P(X 259.5) œ 1 0.9332 œ 0.0668
or 6.68% 4. True
5. False, the area is positive.
6. False, it applies to means taken from the

same population.
240 259.5 7. a
8. a
21.
. œ 200(0.37) œ 74 9. b
5 œ É(200)(0.37)(0.63) œ 6.8279
10. b
79.574
zœ œ 0.81 11. c
6.8279
P(X 79.5) œ 1 0.7910 œ 0.2090 12. 0.5

or 20.90% 13. Sampling error
14. The population mean
15. The standard error of the mean
16. 5
74 79.5
17. 5%
22. 18. The areas are:

. œ 60(0.26) œ 15.6 a. 0.4332 f. 0.8284
5 œ É(60)(0.26)(0.74) œ 3.3976 b. 0.3944 g. 0.0401
zœ
19.515.6
œ 1.15 c. 0.0344 h. 0.8997
3.3976
d. 0.1029 i. 0.017
P(X 19.5) œ 1 0.8749 œ 0.1251
e. 0.2912 j. 0.9131
or 12.51%
19. The probabilities are:
a. 0.4846 f. 0.0384
b. 0.4693 g. 0.0089
c. 0.9334 h. 0.9582
15.6 19.5
d. 0.0188 i. 0.9788
e. 0.7461 j. 0.8461

139

a. 0.7734
b. 0.0516
c. 0.3837
d. Any rainfall above 65 inches could be

considered an extremely wet year since this
value is two standard deviations above the
mean.

a. 0.0668 c. 0.4649
b. 0.0228 d. 0.0934

a. 0.4525 c. 0.3707
b. 0.3707 d. 0.019

a. 0.0013 c. 0.0081
b. 0.5 d. 0.5511

a. 0.0037 c. 0.5
b. 0.0228 d. 0.3232
25. 8.804 cm
26. The lowest acceptable score is 121.24.
27. 0.015
28. 0.9738
29. 0.0495; no
30. 0.0455 or 4.55%
31. 0.0614
32. 0.0495
33. The distribution is not normal.
34. The distribution is approximately

normal.

140
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SERENE’S RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE;
AN INLAND STORY
Serene and young Jessup, the school-teacher, were leaning over
the front gate together in the warm summer dusk.
“See them sparkin’ out there?” inquired Serene’s father, standing
at the door with his hands in his pockets, and peering out
speculatively.
“Now, father, when you know that ain’t Serene’s line.”
It was Mrs. Sayles who spoke. Perhaps there was the echo of a
faint regret in her voice, for she wished to see her daughter “respectit
like the lave”; but “sparkin’” had never been Serene’s line.
“Serene wouldn’t know how,” said her big brother.
“There’s other things that’s a worse waste o’ time,” observed Mr.
Sayles, meditatively, “and one on ’em’s ’Doniram Jessup’s ever-
lastin’ talk-talk-talkin’ to no puppus. He’s none so smart if he does
teach school. He’d do better on the farm with his father.”
“He’s more’n three hundred dollars ahead, and goin’ to strike out
for himself, he says,” observed the big brother, admiringly.
“Huh! My son, I’ve seen smart young men strike out for
themselves ’fore ever you was born, and I’ve seen their fathers swim
out after ’em—and sink,” said Mr. Sayles, oracularly.
Outside the June twilight was deepening, but Serene and the
school-teacher still leaned tranquilly over the picket-gate. The
fragrance of the lemon-lilies that grew along the fence was in the air,
and over Serene’s left shoulder, if she had turned to look, she would
have seen the slight yellow crescent of the new moon sliding down
behind the trees.
They were talking eagerly, but it was only about what he had
written in regard to “Theory and Practice” at the last county
examination.
“I think you carry out your ideas real well,” Serene said, admiringly,
when he had finished his exposition. “’Tisn’t everybody does that. I
know I’ve learned a good deal more this term than I ever thought to
when I started in.”
The teacher was visibly pleased. He was a slight, wiry little fellow,
with alert eyes, a cynical smile, and an expression of self-
confidence, which was justifiable only on the supposition that he had
valuable information as to his talents and capacity unknown to the
world at large.
“I think you have learned a good deal of me,” he observed,
condescendingly; “more than any of the younger ones. I have taken
some pains with you. It’s a pleasure to teach willing learners.”
At this morsel of praise, expressed in such a strikingly original
manner, Serene flushed and looked prettier than ever. She was
always pretty, this slip of a girl, with olive skin, pink cheeks, and big,
dark eyes, and she always looked a little too decorative, too fanciful,
for her environment in this substantial brick farm-house, set in the
midst of fat, level acres of good Ohio land. It was as if a Dresden
china shepherdess had been put upon their kitchen mantel-shelf.
Don Jessup stooped and picked a cluster of the pink wild
rosebuds, whose bushes were scattered along the road outside the
fence, and handed them to her with an admiring look. Why, he
scarcely knew; it is as involuntary and natural a thing for any one to
pay passing tribute to a pretty girl as for the summer wind to kiss the
clover. Serene read the momentary impulse better than he did
himself, and took the buds with deepening color and a beating heart.
“He gives them to me because he thinks I look like that,” she
thought with a quick, happy thrill.
“Yes,” he went on, rather confusedly, his mind being divided
between what he was saying and a curiosity to find out if she would
be as angry as she was the last time if he should try to kiss the
nearest pink cheek; “I think it would be a good idea for you to keep
on with your algebra by yourself, and you might read that history you
began. I don’t know who’s going to have the school next fall. Now, if I
were going to be here this summer, I——”
“Why, Don,” Serene interrupted him, using the name she had not
often spoken since Adoniram Jessup, after a couple of years in the
High School, had come back to live at home, and to teach in their
district—“why, Don, I thought your mother said you were going to
help on the farm this summer.”
Adoniram smiled, a thin-lipped, complacent little smile.
“Father did talk that some, but I’ve decided to go West—and I start
to-morrow.”
To-morrow! And that great, hungry West, which swallows up
people so remorselessly! Something ailed Serene’s heart; she hoped
he could not hear it beating, and she waited a minute before saying,
quietly:
“Isn’t this sort of sudden?”
“I don’t like to air my plans too much. There’s many a slip, you
know.”
“You’ll want to come to the house and say good-by to the folks,
and tell us all about it?” As he nodded assent, she turned and
preceded him up the narrow path.
“When will you be back?” she asked over her shoulder.
“Maybe never. If I have any luck, I’d like the old people to come
out to me. I’m not leaving anything else here.”
“You needn’t have told me so,” said Serene to herself.
“Father, boys, here’s Don come in to say good-by. He’s going
West to-morrow.”
“Well, ’Doniram Jessup! Why don’t you give us a s’prise party and
be done with it?”
Don smiled cheerfully at this tribute to his secretive powers, and
sitting down on the edge of the porch, began to explain.
Serene glanced around to see that all were listening, and then
slipped quietly out through the kitchen to the high back porch, where
she found a seat behind the new patent “creamery,” and leaning her
head against it, indulged in the luxury of a few dry sobs. Tears she
dared not shed, for tears leave traces. Though “sparkin’” had not
been Serene’s line, love may come to any human creature, and little
Serene had learned more that spring than the teacher had meant to
impart or she to acquire.
When the five minutes she had allotted to her grief were past she
went back to the group at the front of the house as unnoticed as she
had left them. Her father was chaffing Jessup good-naturedly on his
need of more room to grow in, and Don was responding with placid
ease. It was not chaff, indeed, that could disturb his convictions as to
his personal importance to the development of the great West.
Presently he rose and shook hands with them all, including herself—
for whom he had no special word—said a general good-by, and left
them.
“He’s thinking of himself,” thought Serene a little bitterly, as she
watched him go down the yard; “he is so full of his plans and his
future he hardly knows I am here. I don’t believe he ever knew it!”
To most people the loss of the possible affection of Don Jessup
would not have seemed a heavy one, but the human heart is an
incomprehensible thing, and the next six weeks were hard for
Serene. For the first time in her life she realized how much we can
want that which we may not have, and she rebelled against the
knowledge.
“Why?” she asked herself, and “why?” Why should she have
cared, since he, it seemed, did not? Why couldn’t she stop caring
now? And, oh, why had he been so dangerously kind when he did
not care? Poor little Serene! she did not know that we involuntarily
feel a tenderness almost as exquisite as that of love itself toward
whatever feeds the fountain of our vanity.
Presently, tired of asking herself, she turned to asking Heaven,
which is easier. For we cannot comfortably blame ourselves for the
inability to answer our own inconvenient inquiries, but Heaven we
can both ask and blame. Serene had never troubled Heaven much
before, but now, in desperation, she battered at its portals night and
day. She did not pray, you understand, to be given the love which
many small signs had taught her to believe might be hers, the love
that, nevertheless, had not come near to her. Though young, she
was reasonable. She instinctively recognized that when we cannot
be happy it is necessary for us to be comfortable, if we are still to
live. So, after a week or two of rebellion, she asked for peace, sure
that if it existed for her anywhere in the universe, God held it in His
keeping, for, now, no mortal did.
She prayed as she went about her work by day; she prayed as
she knelt by her window at evening, looking out on the star-lit world;
she prayed when she woke late in the night and found her room full
of the desolate white light of the waning moon, and always the same
prayer.
“Lord,” said Serene, “this is a little thing that I am going through.
Make me feel that it is a little thing. Make me stop caring. But if you
can’t, then show me that you care that I am not happy. If I could feel
you knew and cared, I think I might be happier.”
But in her heart she felt no answer, and peace did not come to fill
the place of happiness.
In our most miserable hours fantastic troubles and apprehensions
of the impossible often come to heap themselves upon our real
griefs, making up a load which is heavier than we can bear. Serene
began to wonder if God heard—if He was there at all.
Her people noticed that she grew thin and tired-looking, and
attributed it to the fierce hot weather. For it was the strange summer
long remembered in the inland country where they lived as the
season of the great drought. There had been a heavy snowfall late in
April; from that time till late in August no rain fell. The heat was
terrible. Dust was everywhere. The passage of time from one
scorching week to another was measured by the thickening of its
heavy inches on the highway; it rose in clouds about the feet of cattle
in the burnt-up clover-fields. The roadside grass turned to tinder, and
where a careless match had been dropped, or the ashes shaken
from a pipe, there were long, black stretches of seared ground to tell
the tale. The resurrection of the dead seemed no greater miracle
than these blackened fields should shortly turn to living green again,
under the quiet influence of autumn rains.
And now, in the early days of August, when the skies were brass,
the sun a tongue of flame, and the yellow dust pervaded the air like
an ever-thickening fog, a strange story came creeping up from the
country south of them. “Down in Paulding,” where much of the land
still lay under the primeval forest, and solitary sawmills were the
advance-guards of civilization; where there were great marshes,
deep woods, and one impenetrable tamarack swamp, seemed the
proper place for such a thing to happen if it were to happen at all.
The story was of a farmer who went out one Sunday morning to look
at his corn-field, forty good acres of newly cleared land, ploughed
this year only for the second time. The stunted stalks quivered in the
hot air, panting for water; the blades were drooping and wilted like
the leaves of a plant torn up from the ground. He looked from his
blasted crop to the pitiless skies, and, lifting a menacing hand,
cursed Heaven because of it. Those who told the story quoted the
words he used, with voices awkwardly lowered; but there was
nothing impressive in his vulgar, insensate defiance. He was merely
swearing a shade more imaginatively than was his wont. The
impressive thing was that, as he stood with upraised hand and
cursing lips, he was suddenly stricken with paralysis, and stood
rooted to the spot, holding up the threatening arm, which was never
to be lowered. This was the first story. They heard stranger things
afterward: that his family were unable to remove him from the spot;
that he was burning with an inward fire which did not consume, and
no man dared to lay hand on him, or even approach him, because of
the heat of his body.
It was said that this was clearly a judgment, and it was much
talked of and wondered over. Serene listened to these stories with a
singular exultation, and devoutly trusted that they were true. She had
needed a visible miracle, and here was one to her hand. Why should
not such things happen now as well as in Bible days? And if the Lord
descended in justice, why not in mercy? The thing she hungered for
was to know that He kept in touch with each individual human life,
that He listened, that He cared. If He heard the voice of blasphemy,
then surely He was not deaf to that of praise—or agony. She said to
herself, feverishly, “I must know, I must see for myself, if it is true.”
She said to her father: “Don’t you think I might go down to Aunt
Mari’s in Paulding for a week? It does seem as if it might be cooler
down there in the woods,” and her tired face attested her need of
change and rest. He looked at her with kindly eyes.
“Don’t s’pose it will do you no great harm, if your mother’ll manage
without you; but your Aunt Mari’s house ain’t as cool as this one,
Serene.”
“It’s different, anyhow,” said the girl, and went away to write a
postal-card to Aunt Mari and to pack her valise.
When she set out, in a day or two, it was with as high a hope as
ever French peasant maid took on pilgrimage to Loretto. She hoped
to be cured of all her spiritual ills, but how, she hardly knew. The trip
was one they often made with horses, but Serene, going alone, took
the new railroad that ran southward into the heart of the forests and
the swamps. Her cousin Dan, with his colt and road-cart, met her at
the clearing, where a shed beside a water-tank did duty for town and
station, and drove her home. Her Aunt Mari was getting dinner, and,
after removing her hat, Serene went out to the kitchen, and sat down
on the settee. The day was stifling, and the kitchen was over-heated,
but Aunt Mari was standing over the stove frying ham with
unimpaired serenity.
“Well, and so you thought it would be cooler down here, Serene?
I’m real glad to see you, but I can’t promise much of nothin’ about
the weather. We’ve suffered as much as most down here.”
Serene saw her opportunity.
“We heard your corn was worse than it is with us. What was there
in that story, Aunt Mari, about the man who was paralyzed on a
Sunday morning?”
“Par’lyzed, child? I don’t know as I just know what you mean.”
“But he lived real near here,” persisted Serene—“two miles south
and three east of the station, they said. That would be just south of
here. And we’ve heard a good deal about it. You must know, Aunt
Mari.”
“Must be old man Burley’s sunstroke. That’s the only thing that’s
happened, and there was some talk about that. He’s a Dunkard, you
know, and they are mightily set on their church. Week ago Sunday
was their day for love-feast, and it was a hundred an’ seven in the
shade. He hadn’t been feelin’ well, and his wife she just begged him
not to go out; but he said he guessed the Lord couldn’t make any
weather too hot for him to go to church in. So he just hitched up and
started, but he got a sunstroke before he was half-way there, and
they had to turn round and bring him home again. He come to all
right, but he ain’t well yet. Some folks thinks what he said ’bout the
weather was pretty presumpshus, but I dunno. Seems if he might
use some freedom of speech with the Lord if anybody could, for he’s
been a profitable servant. A good man has some rights. I don’t hold
with gossipin’ ’bout such things, and callin’ on ’em ‘visitations’ when
they happen to better folks than me—why, Serene! what’s the
matter?” in a shrill crescendo of alarm, for the heat, the journey, and
the disappointment had been too much for the girl. Her head swam
as she grasped the gist of her aunt’s story, and perceived that upon
this simple foundation must have been built the lurid tale which had
drawn her here, and for the first time in her healthy, unemotional life
she quietly fainted away.
When she came to herself she was lying on the bed in Aunt Mari’s
spare room. The spare room was under the western eaves, and
there were feathers on the bed. Up the stairway from the kitchen
floated the pervasive odor of frying ham. A circle of anxious people,
whose presence made the stuffy room still stuffier, were eagerly
watching her. Opening her languid eyes to these material
discomforts of her situation, she closed them again. She felt very ill,
and the only thing in her mind was the conviction that had overtaken
her just as she fainted—“Then God is no nearer in Paulding than at
home.”
As the result of closing her eyes seemed to be the deluging of her
face with water until she choked, she decided to reopen them.
“Well,” said Aunt Mari, heartily, “that looks more like. How do you
feel, Serene? Wasn’t it singular that you should go off so, just when I
was tellin’ you ’bout ’Lishe Burley’s sunstroke? I declare, I was
frightened when I looked around and saw you. Your uncle would
bring you up here and put you on the bed, though I told him ’twas
cooler in the settin’-room. But he seemed to think this was the thing
to do.”
“I wish he’d take me down again,” said Serene, feebly and
ungratefully, “and” (after deliberation) “put me in the spring-house.”
“What you need is somethin’ to eat,” said Aunt Mari with decision.
“I’ll make you a cup of hot tea, and” (not heeding the gesture of
dissent) “I don’t believe that ham’s cold yet.”
Serene had come to stay a week, and a week accordingly she
stayed. The days were very long and very hot; the nights on the
feather-bed under the eaves still longer and hotter. She had very
little to say for herself, and thought still less. There is a form of
despair which amounts to coma.
“Serene’s never what you might call sprightly,” observed Aunt Mari
in confidence to Uncle Dan’el, “but this time, seems if—well, I s’pose
it’s the weather. Wonder if I’ll ever see any weather on this earth to
make me stop talkin’?” It was a relief all around when the day came
for her departure.
“I’ll do better next time, Aunt Mari,” said Serene as she stepped
aboard the train; but she did not greatly care that she had not done
well this time.
When the short journey was half over, the train made a longer stop
than usual at one of the way stations. Then, after some talking, the
passengers gradually left the car. Serene noticed these things
vaguely, but paid no attention to their meaning. Presently a friendly
brakeman approached and touched her on the shoulder.
“Didn’t you hear ’em say, Miss, there was a freight wreck ahead,
and we can’t go on till the track is clear?”
“How long will it be?” asked Serene, slowly finding the way out of
her reverie.
“Mebbe two hours now, and mebbe longer. I’ll carry your bag into
the depot, if you like,” and he possessed himself of the shiny black
valise seamed with grayish cracks, and led the way out of the car.
The station at Arkswheel is a small and grimy structure set down
on a cinder bank. Across the street on one corner is a foundry, and
opposite that a stave-factory with a lumber-yard about it. In the
shadow of the piled-up staves, like a lily among thorns, stands a
Gothic chapel, small, but architecturally good. Serene, looking out of
the dusty window, saw it, and wondered that a church should be
planted in such a place. When, presently, although it was a week-
day, the bell began to ring, she turned to a woman sitting next to her
for an explanation.
“That’s the church Mr. Bellington built. He owns the foundry here.
They have meeting there ’most any time. ’Piscopal, it is.”
“I don’t know much about that denomination,” observed Serene,
sedately.
“My husband’s sister-in-law that I visit here goes there. She says
her minister just does take the cake. They think the world an’ all of
him.”
Serene no longer looked interested. The woman rose, and walked
about the room, examining the maps and time-tables. By and by she
came back and stopped beside Serene.
“If we’ve got to wait till nobody knows when, we might just as well
go over there and see what’s goin’ on—to the church, I mean.
Mebbe ’twould pass the time.”
Inside the little church the light was so subdued that it almost
produced the grateful effect of coolness. As they sat down behind
the small and scattered congregation, Serene felt that it was a place
to rest. The service, which she had never heard before, affected her
like music that she did not understand. The rector was a young man
with a heavily lined face. His eyes were dark and troubled, his voice
sweet and penetrating. When he began his sermon she became
suddenly aware that she was hearing some one to whom what he
discerned of spiritual truth was the overwhelmingly important thing in
life, and she listened eagerly. This was St. Bartholomew’s day, it
appeared. Serene did not remember very clearly who he was, but
she understood this preacher when, dropping his notes and leaning
over his desk, he seemed to be scrutinizing each individual face in
the audience before him to find one responsive to his words.
He was not minded, he said, to talk to them of any lesson to be
drawn from the life of St. Bartholomew, of whom so little was known
save that he lived in and suffered for the faith. The one thought that
he had to give had occurred to him in connection with that bloody
night’s work in France so long ago, of which this was the
anniversary, when thousands were put to death because of their
faith.
“Such things do not happen nowadays,” he went on. “That form of
persecution is over. Instead of it, we have seen the dawning of what
may be a darker day, when those who profess the faith of Christ
have themselves turned to persecute the faith which is in their
hearts. Faith—the word means to me that trust in God’s plans for us
which brings confidence to the soul even when we stand in horrible
fear of life, and mental peace even when we are facing that which
we cannot understand. We persecute our faith in many ingenious
ways, but perhaps those torture themselves most whose religion is
most emotional—those who are only sure that God is with them
when they feel the peace of His presence in their hearts. A great
divine said long ago that to love God thus is to love Him for the
spiritual loaves and fishes, which He does not mean always to be
our food. But for those who think that He is not with them when they
are unaware of His presence so, I have this word: When you cannot
find God in your hearts, then turn and look for Him in your lives.
When you are soul-sick, discouraged, unhappy; when you feel
neither joy nor peace, nor even the comfort of a dull satisfaction in
earth; when life is nothing to you, and you wish for death, then ask
yourself, What does God mean by this? For there is surely some
lesson for you in that pain which you must learn before you leave it.
You are not so young as to believe that you were meant for
happiness. You know that you were made for discipline. And the
discipline of life is the learning of the things God wishes us to know,
even in hardest ways. But He is in the things we must learn, and in
the ways we learn them. There is a marginal reading of the first
chapter of the revised version of the Gospel of St. John which
conveys my meaning: ‘That which hath been made was life in Him,
and the life [or, as some commentators read, and I prefer it, simply
life] was the light of men.’ That is, before Christ’s coming the light of
men was in the experience to be gained in the lives He gave them.
And it is still true. Not His life only, then, but your life and mine, which
we know to the bitter-sweet depths, and whose lessons grow clearer
and clearer before us, are to guide us. Life is the light of men. I
sometimes think that this, and this only, is rejecting Christ—to refuse
to find Him in the life He gives us.”
Serene heard no more. What else was said she did not know. She
had seized upon his words, and was applying them to her own
experiences with a fast-beating heart, to see if haply she had learned
anything by them that “God wanted her to know.” She had loved
unselfishly. Was not that something? She had learned that despair
and distrust are not the attitudes in which loss may be safely met.
She had become conscious in a blind way that the world was larger
and nearer to her than it used to be, and she was coming to feel a
sense of community in all human suffering. Were not all these good
things?
When the congregation knelt for the last prayer, Serene knelt with
them, but did not rise again. She did not respond even when her
companion touched her on the shoulder before turning to go. She
could not lift her face just then, full as it was of that strange rapture
which came of the sudden clear realization that her life was the tool
in the hands of the Infinite by which her soul was shaped. “Let me be
chastened forever,” the heart cries in such a moment, “so that I but
learn more of thy ways!”
Some one came slowly down the aisle at last, and stopped,
hesitating, beside the pew where she still knelt. Serene looked up. It
was the rector. He saw a slender girl in unbecoming dress, whose
wild-rose face was quivering with excitement. She saw a man, not
old, whose thin features nevertheless wore the look of one who has
faced life for a long time dauntlessly—the face of a good fighter.
“Oh, sir, is it true what you said?” she demanded, breathlessly.
“It is what I live upon,” he answered, “the belief that it is true.” And
then, because he saw that she had no further need of him, he
passed on, and left her in the little church alone. When at length she
recrossed the street to the station, the train was ready, and in
another hour she was at home.
They were glad to see her at home, and they had a great deal to
tell that had happened to them in the week. They wondered a little
that she did not relate more concerning her journey, but they were
used to Serene’s silences, and her mother was satisfied with the
effect of the visit when she observed that Serene seemed to take
pleasure in everything she did, even in the washing of the supper-
dishes.
There were threatening clouds in the sky that evening, as there
had often been before that summer, but people were weary of saying
that it looked like a shower. Nevertheless, when Serene woke in the
night, not only was there vivid lightning in the sky, and the roll of
distant but approaching thunder, but there was also the unfamiliar
sound of rain blown sharply against the roof, and a delicious
coolness in the room. The long drought was broken.
She sat up in her white bed to hear the joyous sound more clearly.
It was as though the thunder said, “Lift up your heart!” And the
rapturous throbbing of the rain seemed like the gracious
downpouring of a needed shower on her own parched and thirsty
life.
AN INSTANCE OF CHIVALRY
Applegate entered his door that night with a delightful sense of the
difference between the sharp November air without and the warmth
and brightness within, but as he stood in the little square hall taking
off his overcoat, this comfortable feeling gave way to a heart-sick
shrinking of which he was unashamed. He was a man of peace, and
through the closed door of the sitting-room came the sound of
voluble and angry speech. The voice was that of Mrs. Applegate.
Reluctantly he pushed open the door. It was a pretty quarrel as it
stood. At one end of the little room, gay with light and color, was
Julie, leaning on the mantel. She wore a crimson house-dress a trifle
low at the throat, which set off vividly her rich, dark beauty.
Undoubtedly she had beauty, and a singular, gypsy-like piquancy as
well. It did not seem to matter that the gown was slightly shabby. She
was kicking the white fur hearth-rug petulantly now and then to
punctuate her remarks.
Dora, with her book in her lap, sat in a low chair by the lamp. Dora
was a slender, self-possessed girl of fifteen, in whose cold, young
eyes her step-mother had read from the first a concentrated and
silent disapproval which was really very exasperating.
“It’s the first time that woman has set foot in this house since I’ve
been the mistress of it,” Julie was saying, angrily. “Maybe she thinks
I ain’t fine enough for her to call on. Lord! I’d like to tell her what I
think of her. It was her business to ask for me, and it was your
business to call me, whether she did or not. Maybe you think I ain’t
enough of a lady to answer Mrs. Buel Parry’s questions. I’d like to
have you remember I’m your father’s wife!”
Dora’s head dropped lower in an agony of vicarious shame. How,
her severe young mind was asking itself, could any woman bear to
give herself away to such an appalling extent? To reveal that one
had thwarted social ambitions; to admit that one might not seem a
lady—degradation could go no farther in the young girl’s eyes.
“What’s the matter, Dora?” asked Applegate, quietly, in the lull
following Julie’s last remark.
“Mrs. Parry came to the door to ask what sort of a servant Mary
Samphill had been. Mamma was in the kitchen, teaching the new girl
how to mould bread, and I answered Mrs. Parry’s questions. She did
not ask for any one.”
“I say it was Dora’s business to ask her in and call me. Whose
servant was Mary Samphill, I’d like to know. Was she Dora’s?”
Applegate crossed the room to the open fire and stretched his
chilled fingers to the flame.
“Aren’t you a little unreasonable, Julie?” he inquired, gently. “If
Mrs. Parry didn’t ask for you, I don’t quite see what Dora could do
but answer her questions.”
“Me unreasonable? I like that! Mrs. Buel Parry came to this house
to see me, but Dora was bound I shouldn’t see her. Dora thinks”—
she hesitated a moment, choking with her resentment—“she thinks I
ain’t Mrs. Parry’s kind, and she was going to be considerate and
keep us apart. Oh, yes! She thinks she knows what the upper crust
wants. If I’m not Mrs. Parry’s sort, I’d like to know why. You thought I
was your sort fast enough, John Applegate!” and Julie threw back
her dark head with a gesture that was very fine in its insolence. “I
guess if Mrs. Parry and Mrs. Otis and that set are company for you,
they’re company for me. Of course you take Dora’s side. You always
do. I can tell you one thing. When I was Frazer MacDonald’s wife I
had some things I don’t have now, for all you think you’re so fine.
MacDonald never would have stood by and seen me put upon. If
folks wasn’t civil to his wife, he knew the reason why. I might have
done better than marry you—I might——”
Julie stopped to take breath.
“Do you think I can make Mrs. Parry call on you if she doesn’t
want to, Julie?”
She shrugged her shoulders.
“What is the good of marrying a man who can’t do anything for
you?” she demanded. “It isn’t any more than my due she should call,
and you know it. She was thick enough with your first wife. And me
to be treated so after all I’ve done for you and your children. I give
you notice I’m going to Pullman to-morrow, and I’m going to stay till I
get good and ready to come back. Maybe you’ll find out who makes
this house comfortable for you, John Applegate. Maybe you will.”
And with this Julie slipped across the room—she could not be
ungraceful even when she was most violent—and left it, shutting the
door with emphasis.
There was deep silence between Applegate and his daughter for a
little while. Why should either speak when there was really nothing to
say?
“Supper is on the table, father,” observed Dora, at last. “There is
no use in letting it get any colder,” and still in silence they went to
their meal.
Julie MacDonald, born Dessaix, was the daughter of a French
market-gardener and of a Spanish woman, the danseuse of a
travelling troupe, who, when the company was left stranded in an
Indiana town, married this thrifty admirer. The latter part of Julie’s
childhood was passed in a convent school, whence she emerged at
fifteen a rabid little Protestant with manners which the Sisters had
subdued slightly but had not been able to make gentle. She learned
the milliner’s trade, which she practised until, at twenty-two, she
married Frazer MacDonald, a gigantic, red-haired Scotch surveyor.
A few years after their marriage MacDonald went West, intending
to establish himself and then send for Julie, whom he left meanwhile
with her sister, the wife of a well-to-do mechanic living in Pullman.
His train was wrecked somewhere in Arizona and the ruins took fire.
MacDonald was reported among those victims whose bodies were
too badly burned for complete identification, and though Julie
refused to believe it at first, when the long days brought no tidings
she knew in her heart that it was true.
She established herself at her old trade in one of the county towns
of the Indiana prairie country, where she worked and prospered for
three years before John Applegate asked her to marry him.
At the convent they had tried to teach her to worship God, but
abstractions were not in Julie’s line. Respectability was more
tangible than righteousness, and deference to the opinion of the
world an idea she could grasp. The worship of appearances came to
be Julie’s religion. Nothing could be more respectable than John
Applegate, who was a hardware dealer and one of Belleplaine’s
leading merchants, and she accepted him with an almost religious
enthusiasm.
The hardware business in a rich farming country is a good one.
And then, in her own very unreasonable way, Julie was fond of
Applegate.
“A little mouse of a man, yes,” she said to herself, “but such a
good little mouse! I’ll have my way with things. When MacDonald
was alive he had his way. Now—we’ll see.”
As for Applegate, he was just an average, unheroic, common-
place man, such stuff as the mass of people are made of. Having
decided to remarry for the sake of his children, he committed the not-
uncommon inconsistency of choosing a woman who could never be
acceptable to them and who suited himself entirely only in certain
rare and unreckoning moods which were as remote from the whole
trend of his existence as scarlet is from slate-color. But he found this
untamed daughter of the people distinctly fascinating, and, with the
easy optimism of one whose eyes are blinded by beauty, assured
himself that it would come out all right.
His little daughter kissed him dutifully and promised to try to be a
good girl when he told her he was going to bring a new mamma
home, a pretty, jolly mamma, who would be almost a play-mate for
her and Teddy, but secretly she felt a prescience that this was not
the kind of mamma she wanted.
A few weeks after his marriage her father found her one day
shaking in a passion of childhood’s bitter, ineffectual tears. With
great difficulty he succeeded in getting an explanation. It came in
whispers, tremblingly.
“Papa, she—she says bad words! And this morning Teddy said
one too. Oh, Papa”—the sobs broke out afresh—“how can he grow
up to be nice and how am I going to get to be a lady—a lady like my
own mamma—if nobody shows us how?”
Applegate dropped his head on his chest with a smothered groan.
For himself he had not minded the occasional touches of profanity—
to do her justice, they were rare—with which Julie emphasized her
speech, for they had only seemed a part of the alien, piquantly un-
English element in her which attracted him, but when Dora looked up
at him with his dead wife’s eyes he could not but acknowledge the
justice of her tragic horror of “bad words.”
“What have I done?” he asked himself as the child nestled closer,
and then, “What shall I do?” for he found himself face to face with a
future before whose problems he shrank helplessly.
One does not decide upon the merits of falcons according to the
traditions of doves, and it would be quite as unjust to judge Julie
Applegate from what came to be the standpoint of her husband and
his children. There is no doubt that she made life hideous to them,
but this result was accidental rather than intentional. There are those
to whom the unbridled speech of natures without discipline is as
much a matter of course as the sunshine and the rain. If to
Applegate and Dora it was thunder-burst and cyclone, whose was
the blame?
And if one is considering the matter of grievances, Julie certainly
had hers. Most acute of all, she had expected to acquire a certain
social prominence by her marriage, but was accorded only a
grudging toleration by the circle to which the first Mrs. Applegate had
belonged. This was the more grinding from the fact that in
Belleplaine, as in all small towns of the great Middle-West, social
distinctions are based upon personal quality and not upon position.
Then, there was Dora. From Julie’s point of view tempers were
made to lose, but Dora habitually retained hers with a dignity which,
while it endeared her to her father, only exasperated his wife. Julie
developed an inordinate jealousy of the girl, and the love of the
father and daughter became a rod to scourge them. With the most
pacific intentions in the world it was impossible to divine what would
or what would not offend Julie.
On the occasion of the family quarrel recorded, Julie departed for
Pullman, according to her threat, and for a few days thereafter life
was delightfully peaceful. Dora exhibited all sorts of housewifely
aptitudes and solicitudes, the wheels of the household machinery
moved smoothly, and the domestic amenities blossomed unchecked.
Julie had been gone a week, a week of golden Indian summer
weather, when one day, as Applegate was leaving the house after
dinner, he was met by the telegraph boy just coming in. He stopped
at the gate and tore the message open. It was from Julie’s brother-
in-law, Hopson, and condensed in its irreverent ten words a
stupefying amount of information. Applegate stared at it, unable to
understand.
“MacDonald has come alive. Claims Julie. High old times. Come.”
He crushed the yellow paper in his hands, and turning back, sat
down heavily upon the steps of the veranda, staring stupidly ahead
of him. If this were true, what did it mean to him? Out of the hundred
thoughts assailing him one only was clear and distinct. It meant that
he was free!
He turned the telegram over in his fingers, touching it with the look
of one who sees visions.
Free. His home—his pretty home—his own again, with Dora, who
grew daily more like her mother, as his little housekeeper. Free from
that tempestuous presence which repelled even while it attracted.
Free from the endless scenes, the tiresome bickerings, the futile
jealousies, the fierce reproaches and the fierce caresses, both of
which wearied him equally now. He had scarcely known how all
these things which he bore in silence had worn and weighed upon
him, but he knew at last. The measure of the relief was the measure
of the pressure also. The tears trickled weakly down his cheeks, and
he buried his face in his hands as if to hide his thankfulness even
from himself. The prospect overwhelmed him. No boy’s delight nor
man’s joy had ever been so sweet as this. When he looked up, the
pale November sunlight seemed to hold for him a promise more
alluring than that of all the May-time suns that ever shone—the
promise of a quiet life.
As he accustomed himself to this thought, there came others less
pleasant. The preeminently distasteful features of the situation
began to raise their heads and hiss at him like a coil of snakes. He
shrank nervously from the gossip and the publicity. This was a
hideous, repulsive thing to come into the lives of upright people who
had thought to order their ways according to the laws of God and
man. It was only Julie’s due to say she had intended that. But it had
come and must be met. Julie was MacDonald’s wife, not his—not
his. The only thing to be done was to accept the situation quietly. He
knew that his own compensation was ample—no price could be too
great to pay for this new joy of freedom—but he shivered a little
when he thought of Julie with her incongruous devotion to the
customary and the respectable. It would hurt Julie cruelly, but there
was no one to blame and no help for it. And MacDonald could take
her away into the far new West and make her forget this miserable
interlude. He knew that for MacDonald, who was of a different fibre
from himself, Julie’s charm had been sufficient and enduring.
Whatever might be the explanation of his long absence, Applegate
did not doubt that the charm still endured. And, in the end, even they
themselves would forget this unhappy time which was just ahead of
them, and its memory would cease to seem a shame and become a
regret, whose bitterness the passing years would lessen tenderly.
Having thus adjusted the ultimate outcome of the situation to suit
the optimism of his mood, Applegate drew out his watch and looked
at it. He had just time to make the necessary arrangements and
catch the afternoon train for Chicago.
He telegraphed to Hopson, and as he left the train that evening he
found the man awaiting him. The two shook hands awkwardly and
walked away together in silence. It was only after they had gone a
block or two that Hopson said:

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Elementary Statistics A Step Step

Approach 10th Edition Bluman

Elementary Statistics A Step by Step Approach 10th

Elementary Statistics A Step by Step Approach 9th

Elementary Statistics A Step by Step Approach 8th

Elementary Statistics A Step By Step Approach 7th

Elementary Statistics A Step by Step Approach 8th

Elementary Statistics A Brief 6th Edition Bluman

Elementary Statistics 6th Edition Allan Bluman

Elementary Statistics A Brief 6th Edition Bluman Test

Note to instructors: Graphs are not to scale 6.

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

13. 0 1.23 1.90

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

18. continued 22.

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

b. D œ 0.52 for area œ 0.6985 They are very close.

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

54. 58. continued

Thus, PÐ  0.5  D  0.11Ñ œ 0.2345 0.3

Area (right side) œ 0.5  0.38 œ 0.88

the corresponding C value. The pairs are 1.

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

P(D > 0.84) œ 1  0.7995 œ 0.2005 or

 2.46  0.48  2.04  0.12

P(D > 1.87) œ 1  0.9693 œ 0.0307 or

c. Not too happy! It's really at the bottom

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

 2.5  0.5  1.01 0.93

P(D > "Þ%$) œ 1  !Þ*#$' œ !Þ!('%

P(D  0.1) œ 1  0.5398 œ 0.4602 or

P(D  2.74) œ 1  0.9969 8.

P( D > 1.44) œ 1  0.9251 œ 0.0749 or

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

0.11 0.78 P(D   1.15) œ 0.1251 or 12.51%

For B  6000 miles: P(  0.24 < z < 0.67) œ 0.7486 

P(D   5.03) œ 0.0001

Maybe it would be good to know why it

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

The probability is less than 0.0001.

 1.04= œ $Þ!!  $Þ%#

P(  1.33 < D < 0.67) œ

P(D <  ") œ !Þ"&)(

P(D   0.67) œ 1  0.2514 œ 0.7486

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

P( D  2.51) œ 1  0.9940 œ 0.006 or 0.6%

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

22. 25. continued

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

28. continued 32.

30  34 deviation would be different.

P(  2.22 Ÿ D Ÿ  1.48) 33.

The top 20% means that area œ 0.80. The  1.78(6) œ 85  .

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

B œ 43.5 for the F's

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

IQR œ Q$  Q" œ 60.5  29.5 œ 31 œ 0.8945or 89.45%

43. Answers will vary. 8.

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

9. continued 10. continued

P(D   3.75) œ 1  0.00009 œ 0.99991

Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education.

Thus, PÐ 0.5 D 0.11Ñ œ 0.2345 0.3

Area (right side) œ 0.5 0.38 œ 0.88

P(D > 0.84) œ 1 0.7995 œ 0.2005 or

2.46 0.48 2.04 0.12

P(D > 1.87) œ 1 0.9693 œ 0.0307 or

2.5 0.5 1.01 0.93

P(D > "Þ%$) œ 1 !Þ*#$' œ !Þ!('%

P(D 0.1) œ 1 0.5398 œ 0.4602 or

P(D 2.74) œ 1 0.9969 8.

P( D > 1.44) œ 1 0.9251 œ 0.0749 or

0.11 0.78 P(D 1.15) œ 0.1251 or 12.51%

For B 6000 miles: P( 0.24 < z < 0.67) œ 0.7486

P(D 5.03) œ 0.0001

1.04= œ $Þ!! $Þ%#

P( 1.33 < D < 0.67) œ

P(D < ") œ !Þ"&)(

P(D 0.67) œ 1 0.2514 œ 0.7486

P( D 2.51) œ 1 0.9940 œ 0.006 or 0.6%

30 34 deviation would be different.

P( 2.22 Ÿ D Ÿ 1.48) 33.

The top 20% means that area œ 0.80. The 1.78(6) œ 85 .

IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 60.5 29.5 œ 31 œ 0.8945or 89.45%

P(D 3.75) œ 1 0.00009 œ 0.99991

P(D 3.1) œ 1 0.001 œ 0.9990

P(D < 1.10) œ 0.1357 or 13.57%

P(D 3.11) œ 1 0.9991 œ 0.0009 17.

P(z 0.72) œ 1 0.7642 œ 0.2358

X. 3000 2708 P(D 2.57) œ 0.0051 or 0.51%

P(z 3.95) œ 1 0.9999 œ 0.0001

P(D 1.38) œ 0.0838 or 8.38%

P(0 D 1.76) œ 0.9608 0.5

220 215 12È8

P(D 1.67) œ 1 0.9525 œ 0.0475 or

P(X 6.5) œ 1 0.8289 œ 0.1711 or

P(43.5 X 44.5) œ 0.9441 0.8925 P(X Ÿ 12.5) œ 0.2327 or 23.27%

P(X 249.5) œ 1 0.0030 œ 0.9970 or

a. np œ 50(0.20) œ 10 5 Yes P(64.5 X 85.5) œ 0.8925 0.0025

P(X 30.5) œ 1 0.0107 œ 0.9893

P(X 39.5) œ 0.1003 or 10.03%

115.5 129.6 (TI answer œ 0.7734)

P(X 224.5) œ 0.0087 b. 0.7019 0.5 œ 0.2019

c. 0.9591 0.8962 œ 0.0629 c. 1 0.0869 œ 0.9131

0 1.26 1.74 1.36 0

d. 0.9484 0.1539 œ 0.7945 d. 0.0183

c. 0.9535 0.0694 œ 0.8841 d. 0.9732

1.48 0 1.68 0 1.93

d. 0.9616 0.8888 œ 0.0728

0 1.22 1.77 1.77 0

e. 0.6255 0.0104 œ 0.6151

P(D 1.21) œ 1 0.8869 œ 0.1131

1.66 B œ 0.67(600) 5274 œ $5676

2.03 0 P(D 1.00) œ 1 0.8413 œ 0.1587

P(D 3.00) œ 1 0.9987 œ 0.0013 P(D 1.98) œ 1 0.9761 œ 0.0239

P(0.76 D 1.57) œ 0.9418 0.7764

P(D 1.55) œ 1 0.9394 œ 0.0606 or

IQR œ Q$ Q" 18 19.32

(TI answer œ 0.0142) P(z 0.29) œ 1 0.6141 œ 0.3859

P(29.5 X 30.5) œ 0.8708 0.8212

P(X 9.5) œ 0.7123

34.5 20.76 50.5 142.05