PS02CINT51 Web Programming Unit 1 - Part 2

Web Technology (PS02CMCA33)
Unit 2
CSS3 selectors
The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
In CSS, other aspect of selectors are patterns used to select the element(s) you want to
style. For example, The .class selector selects eleme

elements
nts with specific class attribute,
CSS class reference can be given as below:
<head>
<style>
.test
{
.
.
.
}
</style>
Page 1 of 16
</head>
<body>
<p class=”test”> Hello Students </p>
</body>
CSS3 classes
The .class selector selects elements with specific class attribute.
<head>
<style>
.test
background-color: yellow;
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class=”test”> Hello Students </p>
</body>
Page 2 of 16
CSS3 precedence rules
When the browser needs to resolve what styles to apply to a given HTML element, it
uses a set of CSS precedence rules. Given these rules, the browser can determine
what styles to apply. The rules are:
1. !important after CSS properties.
2. Specificity of CSS rule selectors.
3. Sequence of declaration.
I will explain what these rules mean in the following sections.
Note, that CSS precedence happens at CSS property level. Thus, if two CSS rules
target the same HTML element, and the first CSS rule takes precedence over the
second, then all CSS properties specified in the first CSS rule takes precedence over
the CSS properties declared in the second rule. However, if the second CSS rule
contains CSS properties that are not specified in the first CSS rule, then these are still
applied. The CSS rules are combined - not overriding each other.
e.g. font-size: 16px !important;
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Introduction to Media Query
Media queries are a feature of CSS that enable webpage content to adapt to different
screen sizes and resolutions. They are a fundamental part of responsive web design
and are used to customize the appearance of websites for multiple devices.
<style>
body {
background-color: lightgreen;
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
</style>
Page 4 of 16
Introduction to JavaScript
JavaScript is Client-Side scripting language.
It is a language that is largely used in the World Wide Web
(WWW) to add client-side interactivity to web pages.
Client side JavaScript is simply JavaScript that runs on client.
// Add examples of Simple if, else.. if and for loop (Which shows it
// is easy to learn).
JavaScript Syntax
JavaScript can be added in between <script> and </script>.
Syntax:
<script>
</script>
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Types of JavaScript and their syntax:
1. Internal Java Script:
<script type=”text/javascript”>
</script>
OR
<script language=”javascript”>
</script>
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2. External JavaScript:
<script type=”text/javascript” src=”test.css”>
</script>
OR
<script language=”javascript” src=”test.css”>
</script>
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Variables
- Declaration
JavaScript variables are containers for storing data values.
Declare / Create a JavaScript variable with the var keyword.
e.g.
var studnum;
var a = 5;
var b = 7;
var res = a + b;
- Data type
Following are different data types in JavaScript:
Strings – Represents sequence of characters
Number – Represents numeric values
Page 8 of 16
Boolean – Represents Boolean (True / False)
Undefined – Represents undefined value
Null – Represents null i.e. no value at all
Strings
Represents sequence of characters.
e.g.
var txt = “GDCST”;
var txtlen = txt.length;
Numbers
JavaScript has only one type of number. Numbers can be written
with or without decimals.
e.g.
var a = 10; // A number without decimals.
Var b = 15.25; // A number with decimals.

Page 9 of 16
Arrays
An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one
value at a time.
JavaScript arrays are used to store multiple values in a single
variable.
e.g.
var cars = [“abc”,”def”,”ghi”,”ijk”,”lmn”];
Operators
An operator performs some operation on single or multiple
operands (data values) and produces a result.
1. Assignment operator ( = ):
var a = 25;
2. Arithmetic operators ( * / + - %):
Page 10 of 16
var res = a + b;
3. Increment / Decrement operators ( ++ --):
++a a++ --b b--
4. String operator (+):
var a = “abc”;
var b = “def”;
var c = a + b;
5. Relational operators ( < <= > >= == != === !== ):
if ( a==b )
6. Logical operators (&& || ! ):
if ( a>b && a>c )
}
Page 11 of 16
Functions
In JavaScript, function is defined by using the function keyword
followed by function name and parentheses ( ).
A function can have zero or more parameters separated by
commas.
Syntax:
Function Definition:
function fun_nm( )
// function body
Function call:
fun_nm( );
Page 12 of 16
Variable Scope
Scope determines the accessibility (visibility) of variables.
In JavaScript there are two types of scope:
1. Local scope:
Variables declared within a JavaScript function.
2. Global scope:
A variable declared outside a function. All scripts and
functions on a web page can access it.
Event Handling
HTML events are things that happen to HTML elements.
When JavaScript is used in HTML pages, JavaScript can “react”
on these events.
We can handle events using Internal JavaScript / External
JavaScript.
Page 13 of 16
// Add appropriate examples.
Client-side Form Validation
Client-side form validation can be done by JavaScript. If a form
field is empty, this function alerts a message, and returns false, to
prevent the form being submitted.
JavaScript
function test1( )
var x = document.forms[“form”][“num”].value;
if (x === “ “)
alert(“fill the field”);
return false;
Page 14 of 16
HTML form
<form name=”form” action=”home.php” onsubmit=”return test1( )”>
Enter Number: <input type=”text” name=”num”/>
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit”/>
</form>
DOM access and manipulation from JavaScript
Window
History Location
Document
Form
Different
Controls
Page 15 of 16
// Write different examples (e.g. all types of validations, Popup
// boxes like, alert( ) , confirm( ) , prompt( ).
Built-in objects
In JavaScript, almost "everything" is an object.
 Booleans can be objects (if defined with the new keyword)
 Numbers can be objects (if defined with the new keyword)
 Strings can be objects (if defined with the new keyword)
 Dates are always objects
 Maths are always objects
 Regular expressions are always objects
 Arrays are always objects
 Functions are always objects
 Objects are always objects
e.g var person = "John Doe";
Page 16 of 16

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Web Technology (PS02CMCA33)

The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

style. For example, The .class selector selects eleme

CSS class reference can be given as below:

The .class selector selects elements with specific class attribute.

<p class=”test”> Hello Students </p>

what styles to apply. The rules are:

1. !important after CSS properties.

2. Specificity of CSS rule selectors.

I will explain what these rules mean in the following sections.

e.g. font-size: 16px !important;

@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {

JavaScript is Client-Side scripting language.

It is a language that is largely used in the World Wide Web

(WWW) to add client-side interactivity to web pages.

Client side JavaScript is simply JavaScript that runs on client.

JavaScript can be added in between <script> and </script>.

1. Internal Java Script:

<script type=”text/javascript” src=”test.css”>

<script language=”javascript” src=”test.css”>

JavaScript variables are containers for storing data values.

Declare / Create a JavaScript variable with the var keyword.

Following are different data types in JavaScript:

Strings – Represents sequence of characters

Number – Represents numeric values

Undefined – Represents undefined value

Null – Represents null i.e. no value at all

Represents sequence of characters.

var txt = “GDCST”;

var txtlen = txt.length;

JavaScript has only one type of number. Numbers can be written

with or without decimals.

var a = 10; // A number without decimals.

Var b = 15.25; // A number with decimals.

An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one

JavaScript arrays are used to store multiple values in a single

var cars = [“abc”,”def”,”ghi”,”ijk”,”lmn”];

An operator performs some operation on single or multiple

operands (data values) and produces a result.

2. Arithmetic operators ( * / + - %):

3. Increment / Decrement operators ( ++ --):

++a a++ --b b--

4. String operator (+):

5. Relational operators ( < <= > >= == != === !== ):

6. Logical operators (&& || ! ):

if ( a>b && a>c )

In JavaScript, function is defined by using the function keyword

followed by function name and parentheses ( ).

A function can have zero or more parameters separated by

Scope determines the accessibility (visibility) of variables.

In JavaScript there are two types of scope:

Variables declared within a JavaScript function.

A variable declared outside a function. All scripts and

functions on a web page can access it.

HTML events are things that happen to HTML elements.

When JavaScript is used in HTML pages, JavaScript can “react”

We can handle events using Internal JavaScript / External

Client-side Form Validation

Client-side form validation can be done by JavaScript. If a form