NAME -: ANIL MEENA

ROLL NO. -: 12111120

SECTION-: CE-B07

Data:
1 Height of the earth to be retained above ground = 5m
2 Unit weight of the earth retained (g) = 16 kN/m³
3 Angle of repose (f) = 30 Degrees
4 d=2*f/3 = 0 Degrees
5 Safe bearing capacity of soil (SBC) = 120 kN/m²
6 Coefficient of friction (m) = 0.5
7 Materials
Grade of Concrete M 30 mPa
Grade of Steel Fe 500 mPa
8 Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 N/mm²
9 Angle of backfill (b) = 0 Degrees
10 Angle of inclination of wall (a) = 90 Degrees
11 Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m³
12 Unit weight of water (gw) = 10 kN/m³ Provide unit weights
13 Surcharge load = 0 kN/m² If want to consider
water table and surcharge load
Design Constants: otherwise put zero
1 fck = 30 mPa
2 fy = 500 mPa
. s
0. 0035E
3 ku = 0.46
. s
0. 0055E 0. 87. f y
4 Ru = 0.138*fck = 4.14
5 Coefficient of active earth pressure (Coloumb's formula)
2
( sin ( a f ))
ka
2
2. sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) sin ( a d ). 1 sin ( f d ).
sin ( a d ) . sin ( a b)
ka = 0.333
6 Coefficient of passive earth pressure
2
( sin ( a f ))
kp
2
sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) . sin ( a d ). 1 d ).
2
sin ( f
sin ( a d ) . sin ( a b)
kp = 3.0003
7 Development Length
Ld = (0.87*fy)*D / (4*tbd) = 57 D
8 Clear cover = 50 mm
9 Assumed bar diameter for main steel = 16 mm
 10 Total cover = 60 mm

Approximate proportioning of the wall:

1 Depth of foundation = (SBC)*ka^2 / g = 0.83 m
= 1.4 m (Say)
2 Total height of wall including depth of foundation
H = 6.4 m
3 Total length of the base slab = 2.5 m > 3.84
4 Thickness of base slab = 08% H = 0.6 m
5 Height of stem h = 6.4 - 0.6
h = 5.8 m
6 Length of Toe = 1/3 x B = 1.30 m
7 Thickness of stem at bottom
Maximum Bending Mmt. for stem = ka * g * h³ / 6 = 0.333 x 16 x 5.8³ / 6
= 173.4155 kNm
Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x 173.416
= 260.1233 kNm 182.0863
Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 209.7193 mm
d = 210 mm
Provided d 532
Overall thickness 'D' = 600 mm
Thickness of stem at top 'D1' = 300 mm
Net width of the heel slab = 0.60 m

0.3

W4

W2 W5 Fs
5.8

W1 Fh

0.6 W3

1.30 0.6
0.60 (ka x (gd-gw) x H) + (gw x H) = (ka x surcharge load)=

2.50 34.12992 0
Figure showing dimensions and forces for retaining wall
Stability analysis of Retaining wall
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Lateral force due to earth pressure
 Fh = 1/2 x[( ka x (Gd-Gw)x H) + (Gw x H)] x H 232.9936
Fh = 1/2 x 34.13 x 6.4 = 109.2157 6.4 / 3 = 2.133 232.9936 Anticlockwise

Lateral Force due to surcharge

Fh = ( ka x Surcarge Load) x H
Fh = 0 x 6.4 = 0 6.4 / 2 = 3.200 0 Anticlockwise

2 Self weight of wall

a W1 = Rect. Portion of stem 1.3 + 0.3 / 2
W1 = 0.3 x 5.8 x 1 x 25 = 51.9 = 1.45 75.255 Clockwise

b W2 = Triangular Portion of stem

W2 = 1/2 x (0.6-0.3) x 5.8 x 1 x 25 1.3+0.3+1/3x(0.6-0.3)
W2 = 21.75 = 1.700 36.975 Clockwise

c W3 = Rect. Portion of base slab

W3 = 0.6 x 2.5 x 1 x 25 2.5 / 2
W3 = 37.5 = 1.250 46.875 Clockwise

3 Self weight of soil over base slab

a W4 = Triangular portion of soil
W4 = 1/2 x (0.6-0.3) x 5.8 x 1 x 16 1.3+0.3+2/3x(0.6-0.3)
W4 = 13.92 = 1.800 25.056 Clockwise

b W5 = Rect. Portion of soil

W5 = 5.8 x 0.6 x 1 x 16 2.5 - 0.6 / 2
W5 = 55.68 = 2.200 122.496 Clockwise

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 180.75 73.663 Clockwise

Check against Overturning

Overturning moment 'Mo' = 232.9936 kNm
Stabilising moment 'Ms' = 306.66 kNm

Factor of safety 'fo' = Ms / Mo = 1.316161 < 1.55 Hence revise

Check for sliding

Sliding force 'Fh' = 62.17104 kN
Resistance available 'm x SW' = 0.5 x 180.75
= 90.375 kN
Factor of safety 'fs' = (m x SW) / Fh = 1.453651 < 1.55 Hence revise

Calculation of eccentricity and check for no tension

X = SM / SW = 73.663 / 180.75
X = 0.41 m

Eccentricity 'e' = (B / 2) - X = 2.5 / 2 -0.41

e = 0.84 m
 B / 6 = 2.5 / 6 = 0.416667 m
e > B / 6 Tension hence revise section

Check for Pressures for base slab

SW . e = 180.75 / 2.5 x ( 1 + 6 x 0.84 / 2.5)

smax 1 6.
B B
smax = 218.48 kN/m²
Maximum stress > SBC hence revise
SW . e = 180.75 / 2.5 x ( 1 - 6 x 0.84 / 2.5)
smin 1 6.
B B
smin = -73.88 kN/m²
Tension condition hence revise section
Interpolation
Value of pressure for 1.30 m from toe
0 218.4831
2.5 -73.8831
1.30 66.45268
Value of pressure for 1.90 m from toe
0 218.48
2.5 -73.88
1.90 -3.71522

218.48 -73.88

66.45267505 -3.71522
Figure showing pressures in kN/m² for retaining wall
Design of Stem of Retaining wall

Main steel

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 1167.279 mm²

Use Tor 16 mm bars 200 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 1005.31 mm²

Curtailment of Main steel

50 % of the main steel can be curtailed at 0.75 h = 4.35 m

Actual length of cutoff = 3.818 m
 = 3.8 m Say
Check for Shear

1. = 89.6977 kN
V ( ka . g . h ) . h
2
Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x V Vu = 134.5465 kN

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.253 N/mm²

100As / (b x d) =100 x 1005.31 /(1000 x 532) = 0.188968

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000

For 0.19 tc = 0.331 N/mm²

Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Development length

Development length = Ld = f x ss/(4 x tbd) = 1058.936 mm

Development length = 1100 mm Say
Development length will be provided from bottom face of the stem in the heel slab

Design of toe slab

0.6

1.30

218.48 66.45268 Figure showing pressures

for toe slab

152.03
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Self weight of the toe slab
= 1.3 x 1 x 0.6 x 25 = 19.50 1.3 / 2 = 0.65 12.675 Hogging

2 Uniform pressure
= 1.3 x 1 x 66.453 = 86.39 1.3 / 2 = 0.65 56.153 Sagging
 3 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 1.3 x 1 x 152.03 = 98.820 0.67 x 1.3 = 0.87 85.644 Sagging

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 165.71 129.121 Sagging

Design vertical force 'Vu' = 1.5 x SW = 248.5624 kN

Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x SM = 193.68 kNm

Check for depth

Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 216.294 mm

dprovided = 537.5 mm Hence Safe

Main steel of toe slab

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 851.2477 mm²

Ast; provided = 1005.31 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.462442 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 1005.3 / (1000 x 537.5) = 0.187034

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.19 tc = 0.33 N/mm²
Section unsafe, Design shear stress is less than Nominal shear stress

Design of heel slab

0.6

0.60

-73.88
-3.71522433 Figure showing pressures
for heel slab
70.17
Force and Moment table
 Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm
1 Self weight of the heel slab
= 0.6 x 1 x 0.6 x 25 = 9 0.6 / 2 = 0.300 2.70 Hogging

2 Self weight of soil

= 0.6 x 1 x 5.8 x 16 = 55.68 0.6 / 2 = 0.300 16.70 Hogging

3 Uniform pressure
= 0.6 x 1 x -73.883 = -44.330 0.6 / 2 = 0.300 -13.30 Sagging

4 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 0.6 x 1 x 70.168 = 21.05037 0.6 / 3 = 0.200 4.210 Sagging

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 87.960 28.493 Hogging

Design vertical force 'Vu' = 1.5 x SW = 131.94 kN

Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x SM = 42.74 kNm

Check for depth

Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 101.60 mm

dprovided = 537.5 mm Hence Safe

Main steel

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 183.93 mm²

Use Tor 12 mm bars 200 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 565.49 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.245468 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 565.5 / (1000 x 537.5) = 0.105207

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.11 tc = 0.28 N/mm²
Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Minimum steel
Stem Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 720 mm² on both faces
 = 360 mm² on each face
Use Tor 12 mm bars 280 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 403.9191 mm²
Base slab Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 720 mm² on both faces
= 360 mm² on each face
Use Tor 12 mm bars 280 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 403.9191 mm²

0.3 GL

16Tor @400c/c

3.8 Note:
Provide minimum steel as given
above in both directions and on
5.8 16Tor @200c/c both faces for stem and base slab

GL
12Tor @200c/c

1.4
0.6

1.30 0.6 0.60

2.5
Figure showing dimensions and Main steel of Retaining wall
 Symbol Angle in Degrees Angle in Radians
(f) 30 0.523599
d 0 0
(b) 0 0
(a) 90 1.570796

0.03546099

Provide unit weights

If want to consider
water table and surcharge load
otherwise put zero

Grade 15 20 25 30 35 40
tbd 1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9
 m

(ka x surcharge load)=

at toe in kNm
Anticlockwise

Anticlockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

oments SM =
Clockwise

nce revise

Passive pressure 47.0447

nce revise
6 x 0.84 / 2.5)

6 x 0.84 / 2.5)

m from toe

m from toe

1.25992105
 0.79370053

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
100As/(bd) M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 and above
0.15 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.3
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
0.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.5 0.5 0.51
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.6
1.00 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.73 0.74
1.50 0.68 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79
1.75 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84
2.00 0.71 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88
2.25 0.71 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.9 0.92
2.50 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
2.75 0.71 0.82 0.9 0.94 0.96 0.98
3.00 0.71 0.82 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01

at toe in kNm
oments SM =

Hence Safe
at toe in kNm

oments SM =

Hence Safe
eel as given
ions and on
and base slab
M40 and above
By Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.
Design of T-Shaped retaining wall

Data:
1 Height of the earth to be retained above ground = 5.5 m
2 Unit weight of the earth retained (g) = 16 kN/m³
3 Angle of repose (f) = 30 Degrees
4 d=2*f/3 = 20 Degrees
5 Safe bearing capacity of soil (SBC) = 200 kN/m²
6 Coefficient of friction (m) = 0.5
7 Materials
Grade of Concrete M 20 mPa
Grade of Steel Fe 500 mPa
8 Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 N/mm²
9 Angle of backfill (b) = 10 Degrees
10 Angle of inclination of wall (a) = 90 Degrees
11 Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m³
12 Unit weight of water (gw) = 10 kN/m³ Provide unit weights
13 Surcharge load = 0 kN/m² If want to consider
water table and surcharge load
Design Constants: otherwise put zero
1 fck = 20 mPa
2 fy = 500 mPa
3 ku
.
0 . 0 0 5 5Es
.
0 . 0 0 3 5Es
0. 87.fy = 0.46
4 Ru = 0.138*fck = 2.76
5 Coefficient of active earth pressure (Coloumb's formula)
2
( sin ( a f ))
ka
2
2. sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) sin ( a d ). 1 sin ( f d ).
sin ( a d ) . sin ( a b)
ka = 0.333
6 Coefficient of passive earth pressure
2
( sin ( a f ))
kp
2
sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) . sin ( a d ). 1 d ).
2
sin ( f
sin ( a .
d ) sin ( a b)
kp = 3.0003
7 Development Length
Ld = (0.87*fy)*D / (4*tbd) = 57 D
8 Clear cover = 50 mm
9 Assumed bar diameter for main steel = 20 mm
10 Total cover = 60 mm
Approximate proportioning of the wall:
1 Depth of foundation = (SBC)*ka^2 / g = 1.39 m
= 1.2 m (Say)
2 Total height of wall including depth of foundation
H = 6.7 m
3 Total length of the base slab = 4.5 m > 4.02
4 Thickness of base slab = 10% H = 0.6 m
5 Height of stem h = 6.7 - 0.6
h = 6.1 m
6 Length of Toe = 1/3 x B = 1.50 m
7 Thickness of stem at bottom
Maximum Bending Mmt. for stem = ka * g * h³ / 6 = 0.333 x 16 x 6.1³ / 6
= 201.7407 kNm
Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x 201.741
= 302.6111 kNm
Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 331.1219 mm
d = 340 mm
Provided d 542
Overall thickness 'D' = 600 mm
Thickness of stem at top 'D1' = 250 mm
Net width of the heel slab = 2.40 m

0.25

W4

W2 W5 Fs
6.1

W1 Fh

0.6 W3

1.50 0.6 2.40 (ka x (gd-gw) x H) + (gw x H) = (ka x surcharge load)=

4.50 60.29866 0
Figure showing dimensions and forces for retaining wall 70% water load due to weep holes
Stability analysis of Retaining wall
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Lateral force due to earth pressure
Fh = 1/2 x[( ka x (Gd-Gw)x H) + (Gw x H)] x H
Fh = 1/2 x 60.299 x 6.7 = 202.0005 6.7 / 3 = 2.233 451.13447 Anticlockwise
 Lateral Force due to surcharge
Fh = ( ka x Surcarge Load) x H
Fh = 0 x 6.7 = 0 6.7 / 2 = 3.350 0 Anticlockwise

2 Self weight of wall

a W1 = Rect. Portion of stem 1.5 + 0.25 / 2
W1 = 0.25 x 6.1 x 1 x 25 = 46.525 = 1.625 75.603 Clockwise

b W2 = Triangular Portion of stem

W2 = 1/2 x (0.6-0.25) x 6.1 x 1 x 25 1.5+0.25+1/3x(0.6-0.25)
W2 = 26.6875 = 1.867 49.817 Clockwise

c W3 = Rect. Portion of base slab

W3 = 0.6 x 4.5 x 1 x 25 4.5 / 2
W3 = 67.5 = 2.250 151.875 Clockwise

3 Self weight of soil over base slab

a W4 = Triangular portion of soil
W4 = 1/2 x (0.6-0.25) x 6.1 x 1 x 16 1.5+0.25+2/3x(0.6-0.25)
W4 = 17.08 = 1.983 33.875 Clockwise

b W5 = Rect. Portion of soil

W5 = 6.1 x 2.4 x 1 x 16 4.5 - 2.4 / 2
W5 = 439.2 = 3.300 1449.360 Clockwise

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 596.9925 1309.396 Clockwise

Check against Overturning

Overturning moment 'Mo' = 451.1345 kNm
Stabilising moment 'Ms' = 1760.53 kNm

Factor of safety 'fo' = Ms / Mo = 3.902451 > 1.55 Hence safe

Check for sliding

Sliding force 'Fh' = 167.4371 kN
Resistance available 'm x SW' = 0.5 x 596.993
= 298.4963 kN
Factor of safety 'fs' = (m x SW) / Fh = 1.782737 > 1.55 Hence safe

Calculation of eccentricity and check for no tension

X = SM / SW = 1309.396 / 596.993
X = 2.19 m

Eccentricity 'e' = (B / 2) - X = 4.5 / 2 -2.19

e = 0.06 m

B / 6 = 4.5 / 6 = 0.75 m
 e < B / 6 No Tension hence safe

Check for Pressures for base slab

SW . e = 596.99 / 4.5 x ( 1 + 6 x 0.06 / 4.5)

smax 1 6.
B B
smax = 142.69 kN/m²
Maximum stress < SBC hence safe
SW . e = 596.99 / 4.5 x ( 1 - 6 x 0.06 / 4.5)
smin 1 6.
B B
smin = 122.64 kN/m²
No tension condition hence safe
Interpolation
Value of pressure for 1.50 m from toe
0 142.6909
4.5 122.6391
1.50 136.007
Value of pressure for 2.10 m from toe
0 142.69
4.5 122.64
2.10 133.3334

142.69 122.64

136.007 133.3334
Figure showing pressures in kN/m² for retaining wall
Design of Stem of Retaining wall

Main steel

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 1370.819 mm²

Use Tor 16 mm bars 100 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 2010.619 mm²

Curtailment of Main steel

50 % of the main steel can be curtailed at 0.75 h = 4.58 m

Actual length of cutoff = 4.033 m
= 4 m Say
Check for Shear
 1. = 99.21674 kN
V ( ka . g . h ) . h
2
Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x V Vu = 148.8251 kN

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.275 N/mm²

100As / (b x d) =100 x 2010.62 /(1000 x 542) = 0.370963

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000

For 0.37 tc = 0.418 N/mm²

Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Development length

Development length = Ld = f x ss/(4 x tbd) = 621.7921 mm

Development length = 700 mm Say
Development length will be provided from bottom face of the stem in the heel slab

Design of toe slab

0.6

1.50

142.69 136.007 Figure showing pressures

for toe slab

6.68
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Self weight of the toe slab
= 1.5 x 1 x 0.6 x 25 = 22.50 1.5 / 2 = 0.75 16.875 Hogging

2 Uniform pressure
= 1.5 x 1 x 136.007 = 204.01 1.5 / 2 = 0.75 153.008 Sagging

3 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 1.5 x 1 x 6.68 = 5.013 0.67 x 1.5 = 1.00 5.013 Sagging
 Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =
SW = 186.52 141.146 Sagging

Design vertical force 'Vu' = 1.5 x SW = 279.7851 kN

Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x SM = 211.72 kNm

Check for depth

Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 276.9651 mm

dprovided = 537.5 mm Hence Safe

Main steel of toe slab

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 947.736 mm²

Ast; provided = 2010.619 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.52053 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 2010.6 / (1000 x 537.5) = 0.623371
Additional Steel 1340
Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.62 tc = 0.53 N/mm²
Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Design of heel slab

0.6

2.40

122.64
133.3334 Figure showing pressures
for heel slab
10.69
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

 1 Self weight of the heel slab
= 2.4 x 1 x 0.6 x 25 = 36 2.4 / 2 = 1.200 43.20 Hogging

2 Self weight of soil

= 2.4 x 1 x 6.1 x 16 = 234.24 2.4 / 2 = 1.200 281.09 Hogging

3 Uniform pressure
= 2.4 x 1 x 122.639 = 294.334 2.4 / 2 = 1.200 353.20 Sagging

4 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 2.4 x 1 x 10.694 = 12.83318 2.4 / 3 = 0.800 10.267 Sagging

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 36.927 -39.179 Hogging

Design vertical force 'Vu' = 1.5 x SW = 55.39 kN

Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x SM = 58.77 kNm

Check for depth

Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 145.92 mm

dprovided = 537.5 mm Hence Safe

Main steel

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 254.49 mm²

Use Tor 16 mm bars 200 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 1005.31 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.103052 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 1005.3 / (1000 x 537.5) = 0.187034

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.19 tc = 0.28 N/mm²
Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Minimum steel
Stem Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 720 mm² on both faces
= 360 mm² on each face
Use Tor 12 mm bars 280 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 403.9191 mm²
Base slab Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 720 mm² on both faces
= 360 mm² on each face
Use Tor 12 mm bars 280 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 403.9191 mm²

0.25 GL

16Tor @200c/c

4 Note:
Provide minimum steel as given
above in both directions and on
6.1 16Tor @100c/c both faces for stem and base slab

GL
16Tor @200c/c

1.2
0.6

1.50 0.6 2.40

4.5
Figure showing dimensions and Main steel of Retaining wall
 Symbol Angle in Degrees Angle in Radians
(f) 30 0.523599
d 20 0.349066
(b) 10 0.174533
(a) 90 1.570796

0.03546099

Provide unit weights

If want to consider
water table and surcharge load
otherwise put zero

Grade 15 20 25 30 35 40
tbd 1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9
 m

(ka x surcharge load)=

d due to weep holes

toe in kNm

Anticlockwise
 Anticlockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

Clockwise

ments SM =
Clockwise

Passive pressure 34.56346

x 0.06 / 4.5)

0.06 / 4.5)

m from toe

m from toe

1.25992105
0.79370053
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
100As/(bd) M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 and above
0.15 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.3
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
0.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.5 0.5 0.51
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.6
1.00 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.73 0.74
1.50 0.68 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79
1.75 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84
2.00 0.71 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88
2.25 0.71 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.9 0.92
2.50 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
2.75 0.71 0.82 0.9 0.94 0.96 0.98
3.00 0.71 0.82 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01

toe in kNm
ments SM =

Hence Safe

toe in kNm
ments SM =

Hence Safe
nd base slab
M40 and above
 GEOMETRICAL DETAILS OF RETAINING WALL
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
STT STEM TOP THICKNESS
SBT STEM BOTTOM THICKNESS
W TOE WIDTH OF TOE
W HEEL WIDTH OF HEEL
RTW RAFT TOTAL WIDTH
RT RAFT THICKNESS
FD FOUNDATION DEPTH

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF RETAINING WALL

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
SOFR STEM OUTER FACE REINFORCEMENT
SIFR STEM INNER FACE REINFORCEMENT
SDR BF STEM DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT BOTH FACES
RBR RAFT BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
RTR RAFT TOP REINFORCEMENT
RDR BF RAFT DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT BOTH FACES
CLEAR HEIGHT OF RETAINING WALL (IN MM)
3500 5500
VALUE VALUE
200 250
400 600
1000 1500
1800 2400
3200 4500
400 600
1200 1200

CLEAR HEIGHT OF RETAINING WALL (IN MM)

3500 5500
VALUE VALUE
T12@200C/C T12@150C/C
T16@125C/C T16@100C/C
T12@200C/C T12@150C/C
T12@200C/C T12@150C/C
T12@200C/C T16@200C/C
T12@200C/C T12@150C/C

LEGENDS
TYP -
BF -
BW -
SECT. -
T -
C/C -
THK -
DET. -
LEGENDS
TYPICAL
BOTH FACES
BOTH WAYS
SECTION
TOR REINFORCEMNT
CENTER TO CENTER
THICKNESS
DETAIL
NOTES
1. IF DOUBT ASK, DO NOT SCALE THE DRAWING
2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
3. SPLICING LENGTH & DEVELOPMENT LENGTH SHALL BE 57 TIMES THE SMALLER DIAMETER
OF THE BAR.

4. ALL LAPS SHALL BE STAGGERED AND NOT MORE THAN 50% BARS TO BE LAPPED AT ANY SECTION.
5. A NET SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF 200 KN/SQ.M. AT MAX FDN LVL, 1.20M BELOW FGL HAS BEEN
CONSIDERED FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN.
6.CONTRIBUTION OF WEEP HOLE IN RELEASING WATER PRESSURE IS 30%
7.FILTER MEDIA BEHIND THE WEEP HOLES IS CONSIDERED AS COARSER TO FINER
8.CLEAR COVER TO REINFORCEMENT IS 50MM ALL AROUND
9.GRADE OF CONCRETE M20
10.GRADE OF PCC M10
11.GRADE OF REINFORCEMENT Fe500
12.SURCHARGE CONSIDERED AS 500KG/SQM FOR 3.5M CLEAR HT RETAINING WALL.
13.SOIL DENSITY CONSIDERED AS 16kN/CUM
14.CONCRETE DENSITY 25kN/CUM & WATER DENSITY AS 10kN/CUM