• tu m%foaY fldudkavß f,i yÿkajhs' Y%S ,xldfõ uqyqÿnv m%foaY ,kafoaiSka

1' fld<U fldudkavßh ¡ ,kafoais ,kafoaiSkag hg;a ùu'

wdKavqldrjrhd 01&' ,kafoaiska wdishdjg meñŒug n,mE
fya;='''
2' .d¨ fldudkavßh ¡ fldufodare-
jrhd ² ,kafoaiska wdishdfjka l=¿nvq ,nd
.ekSug'
3' hdmkh fldudkavßh ¡ fldu-
^mD;=.df, ,sianka jrdfhka l=¿ nvq ,nd
fodarejrhd
.ekSug ;snQ wjia:dj uÕyerùu'&
• ,kafoaiSkaf.a ,xldfõ md,kh
02&' fojk msß;a rcq ,kafoaiskag l=¿nvq
wdKavqldrjrhd yd fldufodarejrekag
,nd .ekSu wjysr lsÍug fya;='''
my<ska mßmd,kh fldgia 3lg fnod
;snq‚' ² ´,kaoh" iamd[a[h hg;a úð;hla
jYfhka mej; miq bka ksoyia ùu'
1' isú,a md,kh
2' yuqod md,kh ² iamd[a[ cd;slhka frdaudkq lf;da,slh-
3' fj<`o wxYh ^´m¾ yq*aÜ-¡fj<`o ka úu'
wxY m%Odks& ² ,kafoaiska frmrudÿ Nla;slhka ùu'

• m%dfoaYSh md,kh i`oyd fldard<" uqo,s" 03&' ,kafoaiSka wdishdjg meñŒfï úfYaI
úodfka" .ïuq,doEks jeks ;k;=re m;a wjia:d'''
lrk ,§'
a v d r a
² 1595 jk úg wdishdjg meñŒug ud¾.
v dr
jeks ;k;=re m;a lrk n,§'K
• hdmkh i`oyd wêldß" lxldkï" Wvhd¾ fidhd.ekSu'
n K
² 1602 § fmrÈ. ,kafoaiS fj<| iud.u

d k l k l
(VOC) msysgqùu'
c
»»»' wêlrK lghq ;='''''
² ,xldfõ oekg mj;sk kS;s l%uh
cd
04&' ,kafoaiSka Wvrg rcjreka iu`.
frdau,kafoaiS kS;shhs' th ,kafoaiSka úiska we;slr.;a in`o;d'''
,xldjg y`ÿkajd fok ,§' ² ,xldjg meñ‚ m%:u ,kafoaiS ÿ;hd 1602
² ,kafoaiS Widú moaO;sh m%Odk fldgia fcdßia jEka iams,an¾cka tA jk úg Wvrg
4ls' md,lhd úu,O¾uiQßh'
1' rdoa jEka ciaáÜ¡wmro kvq úi`§u' ² fojk ¥;hd¡isfn,a o j¾Ü úu,O¾uiQßh
2' isú,a rdoa-¡ßlaia fvd,¾ 120g wÿ rcq yuqùu' ^rcqg wf.!rj lsÍu ksid
yd újdy iïnkao kvq' .egqulska Tyq urKhg m;aúh'&
3' ,Eka rdoa¡bvï iïnkaO kvq ² ;=kajk ¥;hd¡id¾:l iïnkaO;djhla
we;slr.;af;a »» rdcisxy rcq iu`.hs'
4' msial,a Widú-¡iq¿ kvq
05&' 1638 § .súiqu'''
»¼' wd¾Ól lghq;='''
² mD;=.SiSka furáka fkrmd yeÍug Wvrg
² ,kafoaiSkaf.a m%Odk wdodhï ud¾.h
rcqg iyh §ug ,kafoaiSka tl`. ùu'
l=re`ÿ'
• l=re`ÿ j.d l< m%foaY- ud;r" ² mD;=.SiSkag tfrys igka i|yd
fld<U" l¿;r ,kafoaiskag jeh jk uqo,a" l=re÷" .ïñßia"
• l=re`ÿ .ila lemqfjd;a urK ó bá wd§ fj<| øjH u`.ska mshùug rcq
oKavkh ,ndfok ,§' tl`. ùu'
b;sydih 04 cdkl nKavdr b;sydih 01 cdkl nKavdr
² we;=ka fj<|du yer Wvrg fiiq
fj<|dfï tAldêldÍ whs;sh ,kafoaiSkag
,nd §u'
² —fcrdâ y,a*aܘ fifkúhd fld<U
fldgqfõ n,h ,nd .ekSug —Wiaìïj,˜
ld;=jlal= iú lsÍu'
• 1658 mD;=.SiSka ,xldfjka fkrmk ,§'
• 1658ka miq ,kafoaiska Wvrg m%foaYfha
n,h ,nd.ekSug W;aidy l< o rcqf.a
m%;smydr ksid miq ld,fha iduldój
lghq;= lrk ,§'
06&' Wvrg yd ,kafoaiS ¥; in|;d meje;ajQ
wdldrh'''
² fomd¾Yjh ;E.sfnda. yqjure lr .ekSu'
² iqyo;ajh m,lr .ekSu'
² ¥;hkaf. b,a,Sï j,g wfkla md¾Yjh
weyqïlka §u'
a v dr
K K
² fom¾Yjh w;r .eg¨ idlÉPd lsÍu'
n n
k l
07&' 1657 fcrdâ y,a*aÜf.a ¥; .uk
cd
weiqßka yqjudre lr.;a ;E.s'''
² rcqg ,ndÿka ;E.s
• wYajfhd fofofkla
• neg¨jka fofofkla
• ÿkq B;, lÜg, folla ^m¾ishdkq&
• i`ÿka oej
• mD;=.SiSkaf.ka w;alr.;a fldä
² ,kafoaiS ¥;hdg rcq ÿka ;E.s
• rka ud,hla
• rka uqoaola
• rka md jeiqï n`okhla
08&' »» úu,O¾uiQßh rcq yd ,kafoaiS w;r
iqyo;djh we;s lr .ekSug .;a l%shdud¾.''
² my< nqreufhka Wmiïmod NslaIqka
f.kajd .ekSug ,kafoais keõ ,nd §u'
² msá.,a fldar<fha l=re`ÿ ;e,Sug
,kafoaiSkag mkjd ;snQ ;yku bj;a lsÍu'
b;sydih 02 cdkl nKavdr
² rcqf.a l=re`ÿ" mqjla" we;=ka" fj<`o iud.u
u`.ska ñ,§ .ekSug tl`. ùu'
• 1762 Wvrg meñfKka m%:u bx.%Sis cd;sl-
hd —fcdaka *hsnia˜
• tu isÿùfuka ìhg m;a —nerka jeka tla˜
,kafoaiS wdKavqldr jrhdf.a fufyhùfu-
ka fiakdxl 6la hgf;a Wvrg wdl%uKh
lsÍu'
• úf,ï me,la ,kafoaiS wdKavqldrjrhd jQ
Wvrg rcq iu`. .súiqula 1766 § we;s lr
.kS'
09&' 1766 .súiqfï j.ka;s'''
² hdmd mgqk" ukakdru" l,amsáh" fld<U
Èidj" .d¨ fldr,h yd ;%sl=Kdu,h m%foaY
,kafoaiSkag wh;a'
² uqyqÿ nv isg rg ;=<g isxy, .õjl
m%udKh ,kafoaiSkag wh;ah'
a v dr
»' ,kafoaiS md,kh'''
² wdishdfõ ,kafoaiskag whs;s ish¨ m%foaY
k l
—VOC˜ wOHlaI uKav,h úiska md,kh
lrk ,§'
cd
² ,xldfõ md,khg wdKavqldrjrfhla
m;alrk ,§'
• Tyqf.a iyhg WmfoaYk iNdjla
m;a lrk ,§'
»»' wdKavqldrjrhdg iy WmfoaYl iNdjg
mej;s n,;,'''
² wod< m%foaYj, mßmd,k lghq;= f.k
hdu'
² nÿ wh lsÍu
² ks<OdÍka m;a lsÍu
² bvï m%odkh
• ,kafoaiSka ,xldj md,kh lrk ,oafoa
m%Odk fldgia 3lg fnodh'
b;sydih 03 cdkl nKavdr
² fiiq fj<`o
² fiiq øjHøjH
fj<`o mqjla
mq"juq
la;" = uque‚la " we;a
;= ue‚la " we;a ² ²Wiia
Wiiahqfrda
hqf mrda
Shka gkagbf.k.ekS
mSh ug ug
bf.k.ekS
o<" o<"
idÈla ld ld
idÈla fiufka ßh ßkï
fiufka Wiia
h kï wOHdmk
Wiia wdh;khla
wOHdmk wdh;khla
wdrïN lrk
wdrïN ,§' ,§'
lrk
² wu;r
² wu;r wdodhï ,nd,nd
wdodhï .ekS.ekS
ïg ï,ka foaifSk
g ,ka a Ska
oai
.;a .;a
l%shdud¾.''''
l%shdud¾.'''' ² mdi,a j, jb.eka
² mdi,a jQ úIhka
, b.eka " "
jQ úIhka
1' yeñ,a gkagwe<
1' yeñ,a jeksjeks
ka we< we<we<
ud¾. bÈ bÈ
ud¾. 1' foa
1'jfoa
O¾uh
jO¾uh
2' ix.S ;h ;h
2' ix.S
fldg tAjdtANdKa
fldg v m%vjdykhg
jd NdKa fhdod
m%jdykhg .ekS.ekS
fhdod u' u' 3' ia3'jNdId
iajNdId
2' uq
2';=ruqdcfj, wiajwia
;=rdcfj, eoa§jug lghq
eoa§ug ;= ;=
lghq
lsÍu'
lsÍu' ² 1739 uqøK
² 1739 uqøhka ;%h ;,ka
K hka foaifS oafurgg
%h ,ka y`ÿka
iS furgg - -
y`ÿka
3' 3'
Wla"Wla.ïñßia " tkid,a
" .ïñßia " flda
" tkid,a ms" ms"
" flda jd ÿka w;rw;r
jd ÿka m%:ufhka
m%:ufhka nhsnnhs
,fhan,fhafldgila
fldgila
uqøKh lr lr
uqøKh we;'we;'
u,afu,a
nß" bkaä
fnß" f.da
bka wd§ wd§
äf.da j.djka ÈhqK
j.djka Èhqq ls
KÍq u'
lsÍu'
4' 4'
frÈfrÈ
úùu" idhï
úùu" lsÍu"
idhï W¨ W¨
lsÍu"
• ,ka foaifSk
• ,ka af.a
oai Skafmd,k
.a md,kwjêfha tl;=
wjêfha jQ jQ
tl;=
.fvd,a jeksjeks
.fvd,a l¾udka ; Èhq
l¾udka ;KÈhqq ls
KÍq u'
lsÍu' .Dy.Dy
ks¾udK
ks¾udK yd .Dy NdKa
yd .Dy v v
NdKa
³ fida ,aor,aor
³ fida
• ,ka foaifSk
• ,ka a f;da
oai ïnq ïj¾.
Ska f;da 3la 3la
nq j¾. y`ÿka jd fok
y`ÿka jd fok ³ ;rma mq mq
³ ;rma
,§' ,§' ³ nd,a l l
³ nd,a
1' mjq
1' ,mjq
a f;da ïnqjï- nq.fï
,a f;da jevjev
j- .fï lrk
lrk ³ cfka
³ cfka, ,
mjq,mjq
a ms,<a snms`o<snúia
`o ; r ;r
úia
a v dr fjk;a " "
fjk;a a v dr
j- K K
n n
2' mdi,a f;daf;da
2' mdi,a ïnqjï- nq
mdif,amdif,abf.k.;a
bf.k.;a ³ fjka foaifS oaiS
³ fjka
<uhs<uhs
" fouõms
" fouõms
d k l
hkahmska<snms`o<snúia`o ; r ;r
úia
l
³ l=³ú;dka is is
l=ú;dka
k
cd
³ fkd;dßia
³ fkd;dßia
whs;whs
a bvï c
3' bvï
3' bvï f;da ïnqjï- nq.fï
f;da
ms<snms`o<snúia
;a bvï `o ; r ;r
úia
j- .fï mjq,mjq
a j,g
,a j,g
³ Tma
³ mTma
³ lka
q mq
f;dafr;da
³ lka e re
¼' iudc yd ixia
¼' iudc lD;sllD;s
yd ixia a lghq ;=''' ;='''
la lghq
• ,ka foaifSk
• ,ka af.a
oai Skafld,fha tl;=
.a ld,fha jqkjwdydr"
tl;= qk wdydr"
² wd.u (-¡ ,ka
² wd.u foaifSk
(-¡ ,ka af.a
oai Skafwd.u frmrudÿ
.a wd.u frmrudÿ
³ fla³l a la
fla
wd.uh'
wd.uh' ³ wÉpdre
³ wÉpdre
² fld<U"
² fld<U" .d,a.d,a
," hdmkh
," hdmkhm%foam%Yfj, wd.ñl
oaYj, wd.ñl ³ fldls
³ fldlsia ia
isoaOisiao:
aOdk
ia:dkbÈ bÈl< l<w;rw;rhdmkfha hdmkfha
wÉpQwÉpQ
fõ,sfõ,syd udkïldvq
yd udkïldvq m%foam%Yfoaj, bÈ bÈ
Y j, l< l<
kgnq ka j¾;udkfha
kgnq ka j¾;udkfha o ola
ok gk,efí'
ola g ,efí'

• wOHdmkh'''
• wOHdmkh'''
² wd.ñl
² wd.ñlmqclhka b.eka
mqclhka ùï ùlghq
b.eka ;= is
ï lghq ;ÿ= isÿ
lrk ,§' ,§'
lrk
² wd.u
² wd.u jHdma ; ;
jHdma lsÍug
lsÍugyd yd
b.eka ùugùug
b.eka
iaflda
iaf,ldawdrïN
, wdrïNlrklrk,§' ,§'

b;sydih 05 cdkl nKavdr b;sydih 06 cdkl nKavdr