𝑘 𝑚2 𝑇(𝑡) − 𝑇∞ −(

ℎ𝐴
)𝑡 ℎ𝐿𝑐 ℎ𝑥1 𝛼𝑡 𝑇(𝑡) − 𝑇∞
𝛼= [ ] = 𝑒 𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝 𝐵𝑖 = = 𝐹𝑜 = 2 = 𝑒 −𝐵𝑖𝐹𝑜
𝜌𝐶𝑝 𝑠 𝑇0 − 𝑇∞ 𝑘 𝑘 𝐿𝑐 𝑇0 − 𝑇∞
−(
ℎ𝐴
)𝑡 𝑉
𝐿𝑐 = ⁄𝐴 𝑞 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞ )
𝑄(𝑡) = 𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝(𝑇0 − 𝑇∞ ) [1 − 𝑒 𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝 ]
𝑥𝑝 = 1,82√4𝛼𝑡

𝐶𝑝𝜇 𝜈 𝐿𝑐 3 𝜌2 𝛽𝑔Δ𝑇 Δ𝑇2 − Δ𝑇1

𝑃𝑟 = = ; 𝐺𝑟 = Δ𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
𝑘 𝛼 𝜇2 I. ϕ Δ𝑇
ln Δ𝑇2
1 ℎ𝐿𝑐 𝑞𝑇 = 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 ∙ Δ𝑇𝑙𝑚 1
𝛽= ; 𝑁𝑢 = 𝑚̇𝑣𝑎𝑝
𝑇𝑤 𝑘 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 =
𝑚̇𝑒𝑛𝑓
Lado Interno Lado Externo
1 1
𝑈𝑖 = 𝑈0 =
1 1 𝐷𝑖 Δ𝑥 𝐷𝑖 1 1 𝐷𝑖 1 1 𝐷0 Δ𝑥 𝐷0 1 1 𝐷0
+ ( )+ ( )+ + ( ) + ( )+ ( )+ + ( )
ℎ𝑖 ℎ0 𝐷0 𝑘 𝐷𝑙𝑚 ℎ𝑑𝑖 ℎ𝑑0 𝐷0 ℎ0 ℎ𝑖 𝐷𝑖 𝑘 𝐷𝑙𝑚 ℎ𝑑0 ℎ𝑑𝑖 𝐷𝑖

∝ +𝜌 + 𝜏 = 1 𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑝 𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑝 Ley de Kirchhoff

∝: 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝜀=( ) 𝜀𝜆 = ( ) 𝜀(𝑇) =∝ (𝑇)
𝜌: 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝐸𝑏 𝑇 𝐸𝑏 𝑇; 𝜆
𝜏: 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
𝜀𝜆 =∝
𝐽
𝑞 = 𝐴1 𝜀𝜎(𝑇14 − 𝑇24 ) 𝑘 = 1,38 ∙ 10−23 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠∙𝐾 (𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑧)
𝑚
𝑇14 − 𝑇24 2𝜋𝑐 2 ℎ𝜆−5 𝐸𝑏 = 𝜎𝑇 4 𝑐 = 3 ∙ 108 𝑠
ℎ𝑟 = 𝜀𝜎 𝐸𝑏,𝜆 = 𝐸 = 𝜎𝜀𝑇 4 ℎ = 6,63 ∙ 10−34 𝐽 𝑠
𝑇1 − 𝑇2 𝑐ℎ 𝑊
𝑒𝑥𝑝 ( )−1 (𝜆𝑇)𝑝𝑜𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2897,8 𝜇𝑚 𝐾 𝜎 = 5,67 ∙ 10−8 2 4
𝑞 = ℎ𝑟 𝐴1 (𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) 𝑘𝜆𝑇 𝑚 𝑘

𝐽 = 𝜌𝐺 + 𝜀𝐸𝑏 𝐴𝜀(𝐸𝑏 − 𝐽)
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 =
𝐴1 𝐹12 = 𝐴2 𝐹21 𝑞1↔2 = 𝐴1 𝐹12 (𝐸𝑏1 − 𝐸𝑏2 ) =𝐽−𝐺 𝜌
(entre cuerpos negros) 𝐴 (cuerpo gris y opaco)
(sup. Gris ∝= 𝐶𝑡𝑒)

Entre superficies grises 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎

𝐴 𝜀
ℎ𝑟 = 4𝜎𝑇13 𝐹12 Calor que sale de la sup. 1: 𝑞1→ = 1 1 (𝐸𝑏1 − 𝐽1 ) 𝐸𝑏1 − 𝐸𝑏2
𝜌1 = 𝜌 𝜌2
Razón de intercambio de calor entre 1 y 2: 𝑞1↔2 = 𝐴1 𝐹12 (𝐽1 − 𝐽2 ) 1 1
+ +
𝐴1 𝜀1 𝐴1 𝐹12 𝐴2 𝜀2
𝐴 𝜀
Calor que recibe la sup. 2: 𝑞→2 = 2 2 (𝐽2 − 𝐸𝑏2 ) Entre superficies grises
𝜌2

𝑑𝐶𝐴 𝑑𝑦𝐴 𝑤𝐴 ∑ 𝑐𝑖 𝑢𝑖
𝐽𝐴 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 = −𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵 ⁄𝑃𝑀 𝑢𝑀 =
𝐴
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝐴 = 𝑤 𝑤𝐵 𝑐𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎
𝐴
[𝐶𝐴 ] =
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑛
; 𝑐 = ; 𝑦𝐴 = 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 =
𝐶𝐴 ⁄𝑃𝑀 + ⁄𝑃𝑀 ∑ 𝜌𝑖 𝑢𝑖
𝐴 𝐵
𝑚3 𝑉 𝑐 𝑚𝐴 𝑢𝑚 =
𝑤𝐴 = 𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎
𝑚 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑁𝐴 = 𝐶𝐴 𝑢𝑀 + 𝐽𝐴 ; 𝐽𝐴 = 𝐶𝐴 (𝑢𝐴 − 𝑢𝑀 ) 𝜕𝜌𝐴 𝜕𝐶𝐴
𝑑𝑦𝐴 ∇𝑛𝐴 + − 𝑟𝐴 = 0 = 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ∇2 𝐶𝐴
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑦𝐴 (𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐵 ) − 𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
𝑑𝑥
Película estanca (𝐴 → 𝐵) Contradifusión Equimolecular Γ𝐴 + Γ𝐵
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐶 1 − 𝑦𝐴2 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑝𝑇 𝐷𝐴𝐵 Γ𝐴𝐵 =
𝑁𝐴,𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛 = (𝑝 − 𝑝𝐴2 ) 𝑁𝐴 = (𝑝 − 𝑝𝐴2 ) 2
𝑧 1 − 𝑦𝐴1 𝑧𝑅𝑇𝑝𝐵𝑙𝑚 𝐴1 𝑧𝑅𝑇 𝐴1 𝜀𝐴𝐵 = √𝜀𝐴 ∙ 𝜀𝐵
𝜀⁄ = 1,21𝑇
𝑘 𝑏
[𝑇] = 𝐾 Para gases
3⁄
[𝑝𝑇 ] = 𝑃𝑎 −4
10 (1,084 − 0,249 ∙ √(𝑃𝑀𝐴 )−1 + (𝑃𝑀𝐵 )−1 ) ∙ 𝑇 2 √(𝑃𝑀𝐴 )−1 + (𝑃𝑀𝐵 )−1
𝑘𝑔 𝐷𝐴𝐵 =
[𝑃𝑀𝐴 ] = ⁄𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑝𝑇 (Γ𝐴𝐵 )2 𝑓(𝑘𝑇⁄𝜀𝐴𝐵 )
[Γ𝐴𝐵 ] = 𝑛𝑚
1
Γ = 1,18𝑉 ⁄3 [𝑛𝑚]
Para líquidos 1
𝑉 = ∑ 𝑉𝑖 117,3 ∙ 10−18 (𝜑 ∙ 𝑃𝑀𝐵 )0,5 ∙ 𝑇 𝐷𝑚𝑒𝑧−𝐵 = ∑ 𝑦
3 𝑖
[𝑉] = 𝑚 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙 Suma de cada especie de la 𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝑖−𝐵
sustancia
𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ∙ 𝑉𝐴0,6
(𝑦𝑖 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎)