Notes_Books_Organizations_and_Parties_Pre-Independence

Notes: Books, Organizations,
and Parties Pre-Independence

Book/Party/Organization Writer/Founder Timeline Factoids
All India Depressed Ambedkar, Jagjivan

1942
Classes League Ram
Independent Labor
Ambedkar 1936
Party
Forward Block S C Bose 1939 a faction within INC;
The Indian Struggle

S C Bose
(Book)
Swaraj (Newspaper) S C Bose
Free Indian Legion S C Bose
Independence for India After being unhappy

S C Bose, J L Nehru 1929
League with the Nehru Report
Balshastri Published articles on

Digdarshan (Journal) 1840
Jambhekar science, history
1st Marathi
Newspaper;
Balshastri Jambhekar (a social
Darpan (Newspaper)
Jambhekar reformer) was also
called the "Father of
Marathi Journalism"
Iyer led the “Triplicane

The Hindu G. Subramania Iyer 1878 Six” group (founders)
to start the newspaper
Swadesamitran (Tamil) G. Subramania Iyer 1882
G. Subramania Iyer, Organized Salt

Madras Mahajan Sabha,
Veeraraghavachariar, 1884 Satyagraha in
Madras
P. Anandacharlu Madras;
Madras Hindu Veeresalingam 1892 Worked in Madras

Association Pantulu against the Devadasi
Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 1

system and
oppression of widows.
JP, Acharya
Congress Socialist Party 1934
Narendra Dev
Founded (1st session)

in Sanskrit School,
Bombay; 1st Presi.- W.
C. Banerjee; 1st Gen.
A. O. Hume,
Sec.- Hume; Initially
Wedderburn, W. C.
launched to talk about
Banerjee, Surendra
the rights of Indians
Nath Banerjea,
(irrespective of their
Indian National Ranade, Badruddin
1885 caste, religion, etc.);
Congress Tayyabji, Dadabhai
2nd President:
Naoroji, Dinshaw
Dadabhai Naoroji
Wacha, Pherozeshah
(1886, Calcutta); 1st
Mehta, Madan
Muslim President,
Mohan Malviya
Badruddin Tyabji
(1887, Madras); 1st
English President:
George Yule (1888)
sent a petition to the

House of Commons
Poona Sarvajanik Ranade, Chiplunkar,
1867 asking for direct
Sabha, Poona G. V. Joshi
representation for
India in British Parli.
Advocated inter-caste
marriages and
opposed kulinism and
polygamy; Opposed
child marriage, and
Indian National Social Ranade & Raghunath the purdah system;
1887
Conference Rao Launched famous
"Pledge Movt."
regarding child
marriage; Organized
at the same place as
INC for many years

Set up Widow's Home

Widow Remarriage Association to
Ranade, D. K. Karve
Movement educate and train
widows;
Essays on Indian
Ranade
Economics
Non-political
organization, devoted
to social service;
Servants of India Active today also, in
Gokhale 1905
Society the field of education;
Srinivas Shastri took
over after Gokhale’s
death (1915).
Hitavad (English
Gokhale 1911
newspaper)
Proposed and Estd. by

Nawab Salimullah
when Muslim
Nawab Salimullah, delegates met for
Aga Khan III (1st Muhammadan
Muslim League 1906
President), Mohsin- Educational
ul-Mulk, and others Conference in 1906;
HQ: Lucknow; London
Branch estd. under
Ameer Ali
Formed when Sen

was expelled from
Brahmo Samaj of India Keshab Chandra Sen 1866
being an Acharya in
Brahmo Samaj (1865);
Tabernacle of New
Keshab Chandra Sen 1868
Dispensation
Indian Reforms
Keshab Chandra Sen 1870
Association, Calcutta
Tuhfat-ul-Muwahiddin Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1809

(A Gift to the

Monotheist)
Atmiya Sabha (Society Propagates ideals of

Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1815
of Friends) Vedanta
With the help of David

Hindu College, Calcutta Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1817
Hare
The first newspaper to

be published, edited,
and managed by an
Indian; A Bengali
Sambad Kaumudi Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1819 newspaper; Roy’s
name didn’t appear
anywhere in the
credits; 1st Indian
language newspaper.
Precepts of Jesus Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1820
Calcutta Unitarian
Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1821
Committee
Mirat-ul-Akhbar (Mirror
Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1822 Weekly newspaper
of Intelligence)
Offered courses in
Vedanta College,
Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1825 both Indian learning
Calcutta
and Western sciences
Brahmo Samaj/Sabha Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1828 (renamed Started in Calcutta;
as Brahmo Against idolatry,
Samaj later) incarnation worship,
the idea of
Samudrollanghan, the
caste system, Purdah
System; Supported
monotheism,
humanism, widow
remarriage, morality,
reasoning, and
compassion;
Supported Vedas, and
Upanishads but

against the idea of the
infallibility of
scriptures; No definite
stand on the doctrine
of Karma,
transmigration of the
soul, rebirth;
Associated with
Ashwini Kumar Dutta,
Ishwar Chandra
Vidyasagar, Keshab
Chandra Sen,
Debendranath
Tagore, etc.
Kavyaphule (book) Savitribai Phule
Bavan Kashi Subodh

Savitribai Phule
Ratnakar
Mahila Seva Mandal Savitriba Phule
Native Female School

Phule Couple 1863
(Pune)
Balhatya Pratibandhak
Phule Couple
Griha
Society for Promoting

the Education of Phule Couple
Mahars, and others
Ghulamgiri Jyotiba Phule 1873
Sarvajanik Satyadharma
Jyotiba Phule 1873 in Marathi
(Book)
Harishchandra Contributed to Indigo

Hindu Patriot
Mukherjee Revolt cause
Arya Samaj Dayanand Sarasvati 1875 Revivalist movement

(response to Western
influence);1st unit at
Bombay; Rejected
Western ideas but

accepted
modernization; The
slogan, "Go back to
the Vedas";
Emphasized Vedas
being supreme but
were against
scriptures like
Puranas which came
after Vedas; Believed
in gender equality;
Started Shuddhi
campaign (started by
Lala
Munshiram/Swami
Shraddhanand) for
re-conversion;
Rejected priestly
domination; Against
casteism but
supported the Varna
system; Fixed
marriage age as 25
years for boys and 16
years for girls
Wrote about classless

and casteless society,
Satyarth Prakash Dayanand Sarasvati freedom from colonial
rule and a return to
Vedic principles.
Veda Bhashya Dayanand Sarasvati
DAV College, Lahore Lala Hansraj, Lala Lal 1886 The liberal faction
Chand and Lala (college party) of Arya
Lajpat Rai Samaj; Both, Western
plus Indian systems of
education; estd. after
Dayanand Saraswati’s
death; they Split from

the Mahatma Party
(which favoured
vegetarianism and
indigenous education,
unlike the college
party which favoured
English education and
a non-veg diet)
Unhappy India (literary

Lala Lajpat Rai
work)
Started in the US;

Indian Home Rule
Lala Lajpat Rai 1916 Newspaper: Young
League of America
India
Servants of People
Society (Lok Sewak Lala Lajpat Rai
Mandal)
Autobiographical
Lala Lajpat Rai
Writings (Book)
Punjabee Lala Lajpat Rai
All India Trade Union N. M. Joshi, Lala Lala Lajpat Rai was its
1920
Congress, Lucknow Lajpat Rai, Tilak president;
Working towards
improving conditions
Social Service League N. M. Joshi 1911
of work and life; Estd.
in Bombay
Lala Munshiram
The orthodox faction
Gurukul Kangri, (Swami
(Mahatma Party) of
Haridwar Shraddhanand) and
Arya Samaj;
Guru Datta Vidyarthi
All India Kisan Sabha Swami Sahjanand 1936
Scientific Society of Sir Syed Ahmed

1864
Aligarh Khan
Aligarh Movement A reformist

movement; Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan was

related to this;
Muhammadan Anglo-
Oriental College
(school estd. in 1875 +
became a college in
1877) was a part of
this movement;
Muhammadan Sir Syed Ahmed

1886
Educational Conference Khan
Asbab-e-Baghawat-e- Sir Syed Ahmed

Hind (book) Khan
Sir Syed Ahmed

Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq (book)
Khan
Sir Syed Ahmad

United India Patriotic
Khan, Raja Shiv 1888
Association, Aligarh
Prasad Singh
Orthodox revivalist
movement; Preached
teachings of Quran
Muhammad Qasim
and Hadith; Promoted
Deoband School Nanautavi, Rashid
Jihad against foreign
Ahmad Gangohi
rulers; Supported INC
but against Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan;
Bankim Chandra
Durgesh Nandini 1865 Love story
Chatterjee
Bankim Chandra Discusses Sanyasi

Anand Math 1885
Chatterjee Revolt
Bankim Chandra Discusses Sanyasi

Debi Chaudhurani 1888
Chatterjee Revolt
Based on the Bengal

Nabanna Bijon Bhattacharya
Famine of 1943
Bharatendu
Baraga Purdah
Harishchandra

Estd. after Gandhi

called off the Non-
cooperation movt.; S
C Bose was a
member; Initially,
Swaraj Party (or
C R Das (Presi.) & M Gandhi was not in
Congress Khilafat 1923
L Nehru (Gen. Sec.) favour, but later
Swaraj Party)
supported it;
Swarajists fought the
election as a part of
Congress; Vithalbhai
Patel - a Swarajist;
Life Divine Sri Aurobindo
Bande Mataram (Bengali

Sri Aurobindo
book)
He planned the
German Plot
(Zimmerman Plan),
taxicab dacoities, and
boat dacoities to raise
Jatindranath
funds for
Jugantar Party Mukherjee (Bagha
revolutionary activities
Jatin)
(mainly the Indo-
German conspiracy) +
Jatin was killed in
Balasore and the plot
failed.
Organization of
revolutionaries in
Bengal; Jatindranath
Banerjee (not Bagha
Satish Chandra Basu, Jatin), Aurobindo
Anushilan Samiti 1902 (Calcutta)
Promotha Mitter Ghosh, Barindra
Kumar Ghosh, etc. are
associated with this;
Ran a weekly called
Yugantar;

Came in response to
the police brutalities
during the Barisal
Barindra Kumar
Yugantar Patrika 1906 Conference + a
Ghosh
famous quote (Force
must be stopped by
force).
Barindra Kumar
Bhawani Mandir (Book)
Ghosh
Sadhana R N Tagore
Shatranj Ke Khiladi Premchand
Bahubivah Vidyasagar
Shome Prakash Vidyasagar
Women's education;
Vidyasagar, J. D.
Bethune College 1849 Vidyasagar was its
Bethune
secretary
Started for women's

education; Vidyasagar
Bethune School J. D. Bethune 1879 helped to establish,
and also became its
secretary;
Surendra Nath
A Nation in Making Autobiography
Banerjea
Formed since INC

Surendra Nath
didn't agree to Mont-
Indian Liberal Federation Banerjea, Sapru, VS 1919
Ford reforms; Sapru
Srinivas Shastri
was president once
Surendra Nath
Bengalee
Banerjea
A precursor to INC
and later merged with
Surendra Nath
Indian National INC in 1886; Held two
Banerjea and Anand 1876
Association, Calcutta Indian National
Mohan Bose
Conferences (1883,
1885);

Surendra Nath
Hitabadi
Banerjea
Broke from Brahmo

Sadharan Brahmo Samaj Anand Mohan Bose 1878
Samaj of India
Indian Society, London Anand Mohan Bose
Decca branch of
Anushilan Samiti;
Decca Anushilan Samiti Pulin Das
Organized Barrah
Dacoity
A secret society of
revolutionaries +
inspired by Mazzini’s
Young Italy + centres
of bomb
manufacturing
Abhinav Bharat Society Savarkar 1904 emerged in Nasik,
Poona, Bombay + shut
after the murder of
Nasik’s collector (by a
member of the
society) + Savarkar
was also imprisoned.
Mitra Mela Savarkar Brothers 1899
Free India Society Savarkar
Joseph Mazzini (book in

Savarkar
English)
Related to political
movements in princely
All India State Peoples
1927 states of British India;
Conference
Nehru was its
president in 1939
Natal Indian Congress Mahatma Gandhi 1894 Estd. in South Africa
Indian Opinion Published in South

Mahatma Gandhi 1903
(newspaper) Africa
Phoenix Farm Mahatma Gandhi 1904 in Durban

in Johannesburg +
Tolstoy Farm Mahatma Gandhi 1910
operated till 1913
Navjivan Mahatma Gandhi 1919
Ahmedabad Textile
Pioneer of women's
Labour Association Anusuya Sarabhai,
1920 labour movement in
(Mazdoor Mahajan Mahatma Gandhi
India
Sangh)
All India Anti-

Mahatma Gandhi 1932
Untouchability League
Harijan (Newspaper) Mahatma Gandhi 1933
Debendranath Later, it merged with

Tattvabodhini Sabha 1839
Tagore Brahmo Samaj
A merger of Bengal
British India Society
and Zamindari
Association + petition
to British Parliament in
1852 (demands
included the
Debendranath establishment of
British Indian
Tagore, Radhakanta 1851 universities in
Association, Calcutta
Deb presidencies,
establishing a
legislature of a
popular character,
abolition of the salt
duty, etc.) + some
demands were
accepted too.
Wanted the status quo

in the Hindu religion
Dharma Sabha Radhakanta Deb
but supported
Western education
Prarthana Samaj Atmaram Pandurang 1867 Started in Bombay;

Paramahansa Sabha
was its precursor;

Keshab Chandra Sen
helped to set up this;
M. G. Ranade (a
sitting judge)
associated with this;
Social ideas similar to
Brahmo Samaj;
Supported raising the
age of marriage;
Voice of India
Dadabhai Naoroji
(Newspaper)
Estd. mainly to have

intellectual
London Indian Society Dadabhai Naoroji 1865 discussions on the
social, political, and
other interests of India
East India Association Dadabhai Naoroji 1866
Mainly worked for

Gyan Prasarak Mandali Dadabhai Naoroji
women's education
Karve was its

Widow Remarriage
Vishnu Shastri Pandit Secretary (he married
Association
a widow);
Edited by MG Ranade;
Aurobinodo Ghosh
Indu Prakash (Anglo- Vishnu Parshuram
wrote “New Lamps for
Marathi) Pandit
Old” in this
newspaper.
Started when he
taught at Hindu
Young Bengal
Henry Derozio 1826-1832 College (he was the
Movement
first Nationalist Poet
of Modern India);
Ladies Social Part of the National

Ramabai Ranade 1904
Conference Social Conference
Arya Mahila Samaj Pandita Ramabai 1882 For women's

education; the Branch

of Arya Samaj
The first prominent

Bharat Stree Sarala Devi women's organization,
1910
Mahamandal Chaudhurani set up by an Indian
woman
Vanguard M N Roy 1922 Communist Journal
P C Joshi was general

secretary once; Some
suggest that it was
founded in 1920 in
Communist Party of M N Roy, Abani
1925 Tashkent and the
India Mukherjee
Indian branch was
launched in 1925 in
the Indian Communist
Conference.
Radical Democratic
M N Roy 1940
Party
pen name was

Gopal Hari
Lokahitawadi Lokahitawadi + judge
Deshmukh
under British Raj
Gopal Hari
Gyan Prakash
Deshmukh
Estd. mainly to have

intellectual
London Indian Society Dadabhai Naoroji 1865 discussions on the
social, political, and
other interests of India
East India Association,

Dadabhai Naoroji 1867
London
Poverty and Un-British 1901 (publish) + Explained the famous

Dadabhai Naoroji
Rule in India (Book) 1867 (wrote) 'Drain Theory'
Voice of India (Book) Dadabhai Naoroji
Mainly worked for

Gyan Prasarak Mandali Dadabhai Naoroji
women's education

Naoroji Furdonji, Parsi revivalist

Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Dadabhai Naoroji, K movement + Spread
1851
Sabha R Cama, S S by the newspaper
Bengalee Rast Goftar
Nirankari Movement Baba Dayal Das
Namdhari (Kuka) 19th Century Initiated by Bhagat

Baba Ram Singh
Movement 1st half Jawahar Mal
Started in Amritsar
against proselytizing
activities of Hindus
and Christians; Aim:
publish religious
literature, revive
Singh Sabha 1873 teachings of Sikh
Gurus; Encouraged
Gurmukhi script and
modern education of
Sikhs; Promoted
Khalsa Schools across
Punjab.
A part of Singh Sabha;

A non-violent
movement against the
corrupt Mahant
system in
Gurudwaras; Estd.
Shiromani Gurudwara
Akali Movement
Prabandhak
Committee; Efforts
led to the Sikh
Gurudwaras Act, of
1922; Associated with
Non-Cooperation
Movement;
Ahmadiyya Movement Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Based on liberal

principles; Ahmadiyya
is a sect of Islam that

supports Western
education and
Western ideas; as
Opposed to Jihad;
Its Bengal branch

merged with the
British India Society, William Adams, Zamindari Association
London George Thompson to form the British
India Association in
1951
Madras Native G L Chetty, Srinivas

1852
Association Pillai
Indian National Society,

Shishir Chandra Bose
Calcutta
Pherozeshah Mehta,
Bombay Presidency
Badruddin Tyabji, KT 1885
Association, Bombay
Telang
Much before all other

Zamindari Association Dwarakanath Tagore 1838
organizations
Khudai Khitmatgars, Khan Abdul Gaffar

1928
Peshawar Khan
Mahratta (English
Bal Gangadhar Tilak 1881
Newspaper)
The Arctic Home of

Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Vedas (Book)
Gita Rahasya (Book) Bal Gangadhar Tilak 1911 wrote in Jail
Home Rule League Bal Gangadhar Tilak, 1916 Two different leagues
Annie Besant Estd., 1st by Tilak
(April 1916 with
Joseph Baptista as
secretary), then by
Besant (September
1916 from Chennai
with George Arundale
as secretary); Tilak

restricted to
Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Central
Provinces, and Berar
while Besant took care
of the rest of India
(more centres than
Tilak); Tilak’s
demands included
Swarajya, linguistic
states, and vernacular
education; Gandhi
accepted the
presidency of All India
Home Rule League
and changed its
organization to
Swarajya Sabha in
1920 (which merged
to INC after a year)
Kesari (Marathi Gopal Ganesh Agarkar

Bal Gangadhar Tilak 1881
Newspaper) was its editor;
Gopal Ganesh He was the editor of

Fergusson College
Agarkar and others Kesari also
Gopal Ganesh
Sudharak
Agarkar
New India (newspaper) Annie Besant
Commonweal
Annie Besant
(newspaper)
Theosophical Society HP Blavatsky, MS 1875 Later, M S Olcott

Olcott joined; It was Founded
by Westerners who
drew inspiration from
Indian philosophy and
culture; HQ shifted
from New York to
Adyar (Madras) in

1882; Believed in
Upanishads,
Samkhya, Yoga, etc.;
Believed in
reincarnation, Karma,
and social equality;
Annie Besant was
once its president +
opposed child
marriage, oppression
of widows, caste
discrimination, etc.
Pusa Agri. Research

Curzon 1905
Institute
Criminal Investigation
Curzon
Dept.
Renamed as National
Imperial Cadet Corps Curzon Cadet Corps after
1947
Started in Madras
Presidency; Different
Neelkanta
Bharatmata Association from Bharat Mata
Brahmachari
Society (started by
Lala Ji)
Published a journal,
Anjuman-i-Mohisban-i- Bharat Mata; Lala
Ajit Singh
Watan (Lahore) Lajpat Rai is
associated with it;
Pagdi Sambhal Jatta

Ajit Singh 1907
Movement
Indian Home Rule Shyamji Krishna 1905 Set up in London in

Society or India House Varma, Bhikaji Cama 1905, different from
India's Home Rule
League; Savarkar,
Madanlal Dhingra,
and Lala Hardayal
associated with it;

Used to give
scholarships to
Indians to study
abroad; Varma
published Indian
Sociologist;
Bande Mataram (Book) Bhikaji Cama published from Paris
Estd. at San
Francisco, USA; 1st
Presi. was Sohan
Singh Bhakna; It
started a weekly
journal, Ghadar (in
Lala Hardayal, Sohan
English and
Singh Bhakna,
vernacular language);
Ramchandra, Kartar
During WWI, sought
Ghadar Party Singh Saraba, 1913
help from Bagha Jatin
Barkatullah,
to start an armed
Bhagwan Singh, Bhai
rebellion (German
Parmanand
Plot), but the plan
failed; Published
Hindustan Ghadar
under Yugantar
Ashram; Later, shifted
the base to Canada
Taraknath Das,
Ramdas Puri, Sohan
United India House 1911 estd. in Seattle
Singh Bhakna, Lala
Hardayal
1st educational
Calcutta Madrasa Warren Hastings 1781 institution Estd. by EIC
in India
Sanskrit College
Jonathan Duncan 1791
(Banaras)
SNDP Movement Sri Narayan Guru, 1902 Among Ezhavas of

Poet Kumaranasan Kerala (temple entry
movement, caste

movement, etc.) +
Aruvippuram Kshetra
Yogam estd. to tackle
discrimination against
Ezhavas.
1st newspaper from

Bengal Gazette James Hickey 1780 India; Closed down in
1872
Took place in the

Travancore region;
Among Ezhavas;
Against untouchability
and caste
discrimination (temple
entry) + Gandhi
visited Kerala to
support + followed by
Guruvayur Satyagraha
(1931) led by Kelappan
K P Kesava,
and Subramaniyam
Mannathu
Vaikom Satyagraha 1924 Tirumambu (joined by
Padmanabhan, K
A K Gopalan) +
Kelappan, Madhavan
proclamation of
temple entry by
Travancore Maharaja
in 1936 + similar step
by Rajagopalachari
administration in
Madras (1938) +
Akalis and Sri Narayan
Guru also supported +
Periyar was asked to
lead.
Deenbandhu First editor: N M

Krishnarao Bhalekar 1877
(newspaper) Lokhande
Formalized marriages
Self-Respect Movement Periyar, Balija Naidu 1925 without Brahmin
priests

Part of the Indian

Surya Sen, Pritilata Republican Army;
Chittagong Group Waddedar, Kalpana 1930 Conducted Chittagong
Dutt Armory Raid; Estd. a
provisional govt.
First and the only

Bengali publication of
Udbodhan Patrika
Swami Vivekananda 1899 the Ramakrishna
(Bengali)
Math and
Ramakrishna Mission
Against state
intervention in the
economy, ties with
USSR, cooperative
farming, licensing
Rajgopalachari, K M regime, and Non-
Swatantra Party 1959
Munshi, etc. alignment movement;
Favoured expansion
of the free private
sector, ties with the
USA, and individual
freedom;
Started in Bengali but

moved to English
Amrita Bazar Patrika Sisir Kumar Ghosh 1868
overnight due to the
Vernacular Press Act.
Indian League Sisir Kumar Ghosh 1875
1st Hindi Newspaper;

Udant Martanda Jugal Kishore Shukla 1825 Published from
Calcutta
Samachar Darpan Marshman (English 1st vernacular

1814
(Bengali) Missionary) newspaper from India
Economic History of
R C Dutt 1893
India
Hunter Inquiry Jallianwala Bagh

1919
Commission Massacre

Lee Commission (Royal

Commission on Superior 1923 Civil Services
Civil Services in India)
Set up by the British

under Muddiman to
look into demands of
Indian leaders, and
also the working of
Dyarchy, as provided
in Montford reforms;
Muddiman Committee 1925 Indian + British
members (including
T.B. Sapru & Jinnah);
Suggested: removal
of dyarchy + changes
in Govt Act 1919 +
Estd. Royal
Commission
Linlithgow Commission studied India’s

(Royal Commission on 1926 agricultural and rural
Agriculture) economy
Relationship b/w
Indian Princely States
Butler Committee 1927
and British Paramount
Power
Hartog Committee 1929 Progress of Education

in British India +
focused on the
importance of primary
education (but
condemned the
attempts to introduce
compulsion in
education) + selective
system for admissions
+ focused on

improving students’
quality in universities
aimed to trigger an
armed revolt against
Vasudev Balwant the British + disrupted
Ramosi Peasant Force 1879
Phadke communication lines
and raised funds
through dacoities.
Lala Hardayal,
Bhupendranath Dutta,
etc. associated with it
+ helped in the
Zimmerman Plan +
sent missions to other
Virendranath countries like Persia,
Berlin Committee 1915
Chattopadhyay Baghdad, Turkey, etc.
+ one mission was
sent to Kabul under
Raja Mahendra Pratap
and Barkatullah to
organize a provisional
Indian government.
Singapore Mutiny 1915
published sometime
Comrade (book) Mohammad Ali
near 1914
Inspired 2nd phase

Sharatchandra
Pather Dabi (Book) Revolutionaries +
Chatterjee
banned by govt.
The Philosophy of the Bhagwati Charan

Bomb Vohra
Davidar Kazhagam Periyar 1944

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Notes: Books, Organizations,

and Parties Pre-Independence

All India Depressed Ambedkar, Jagjivan

Forward Block S C Bose 1939 a faction within INC;

The Indian Struggle

Swaraj (Newspaper) S C Bose

Free Indian Legion S C Bose

Independence for India After being unhappy

Balshastri Published articles on

Iyer led the “Triplicane

Swadesamitran (Tamil) G. Subramania Iyer 1882

G. Subramania Iyer, Organized Salt

Madras Hindu Veeresalingam 1892 Worked in Madras

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 1

Founded (1st session)

sent a petition to the

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 2

Set up Widow's Home

Proposed and Estd. by

Formed when Sen

Tuhfat-ul-Muwahiddin Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1809

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 3

Atmiya Sabha (Society Propagates ideals of

With the help of David

The first newspaper to

Precepts of Jesus Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1820

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 4

Kavyaphule (book) Savitribai Phule

Bavan Kashi Subodh

Mahila Seva Mandal Savitriba Phule

Native Female School

Society for Promoting

Ghulamgiri Jyotiba Phule 1873

Harishchandra Contributed to Indigo

Arya Samaj Dayanand Sarasvati 1875 Revivalist movement

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 5

Wrote about classless

Veda Bhashya Dayanand Sarasvati

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 6

Unhappy India (literary

Started in the US;

Punjabee Lala Lajpat Rai

All India Kisan Sabha Swami Sahjanand 1936

Scientific Society of Sir Syed Ahmed

Aligarh Movement A reformist

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 7

Muhammadan Sir Syed Ahmed

Asbab-e-Baghawat-e- Sir Syed Ahmed

Sir Syed Ahmed

Sir Syed Ahmad

Bankim Chandra Discusses Sanyasi

Bankim Chandra Discusses Sanyasi

Based on the Bengal

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 8

Estd. after Gandhi

Life Divine Sri Aurobindo

Bande Mataram (Bengali

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 9

Shatranj Ke Khiladi Premchand

Shome Prakash Vidyasagar

Started for women's

Formed since INC

Notes: Books, Organizations, and Parties Pre-Independence 10

Broke from Brahmo