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Chap 1 : Rational Numbers Support Us

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Rat ional Numbers

Exercise 1.1
2. Write the additive inverse of each of the following :
1. Using appropriate properties find: (i) 2 (ii) -5 (iii) - 6
8 9 -5
(i) − 2 # 3 + 5 − 3 # 1
3 5 2 5 6
(iv) 2 (v) 19
-9 -6
(ii) 2 # b− 3 l − 1 # 3 + 1 # 2
5 7 6 2 14 5

Sol :


Sol :
(i) The additive inverse of 2 = − 2
8 8
(i)− 2 # 3 + 5 − 3 # 1
3 5 2 5 6
(ii) The additive inverse of - 5
=5
9 9
=− 2 # 3 − 3 # 1 + 5

3 5 5 6 2
(iii) The additive inverse of - 6
= −6
-5 5
= b − 3 l # 2 + b− 3 l # 1 + 5

5 3 5 6 2
=2
(iv) The additive inverse of 2
-9 9
= b− 3 l # b 2 + 1 l + 5

5 3 6 2
= 19
(v) The additive inverse of 19
-6 6
= b− 3 l # b 4 + 1 l + 5

5 6 2


Practice
=− 3 # 5 + 5
1. Write the additive inverse of each of the
5 6 2
following:
= − 1 + 5 =− 1 + 5
(i) 3 (ii) - 4 (iii) - 7
2 2 2 8 9 -5
=4=2 (iv) 4 (v) - 21
2 -9 8
(ii) 2 # b− 3 l − 1 # 3 + 1 # 2

Ans :
5 7 6 2 14 5
(i) - 3 (ii) 4 (iii) - 7
= 2 # c− 3 + 1 # 2 − 1 # 3 m
8 9 5
5 7 14 5 6 2
(iv) 4 (v) 21
= 2 # c− 3 + 1 m − 1 # 3
9 8

5 7 14 6 2 2. Write the additive inverse of each of the
= 2 # b− 6 + 1 l − 3
following:

5 14 12 (i) 5 (ii) - 7 (iii) - 10
8 9 -3
= 2 #− 5 − 1

5 14 4 (iv) 2 (v) 11
-7 -6
= − 1 − 1 =− 4 − 7 =− 11


Ans :
7 4 28 28
(i) - 5 (ii) 7 (iii) - 10
8 9 3


Practice
(iv) 2 (v) 11
1. Using appropriate properties find: 7 6
(i) − 2 # 9 + 5 − 6 # 1
9 5 4 5 12

(ii) 4 # b− 3 l − 1 # 3 + 1 # 2 3. Verify that − ^− x h = x for (i) x = 11 (ii) x =− 13

5 7 6 2 14 5 15 17


Ans :

Sol :
(i) 3 (ii) - 78
4 140 (i) x = 11 & − x = − 11
15 15

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Chap 1 : Rational Numbers Class 8 • Maths • NCERT Solutions

Now, - ^- x h =− c − 11 m = 11 = x verified of the following:

15 15
(i) - 4 # 1 = 1 # − 4 = − 4
5 5 5
(ii) x = − 13 & − x = 13 13 - 2 − 2 − 13
17 17 (ii) - # =
17 7 7 # 17
Now, - ^- x h =− c 13 m = − 13 = x verified (iii) - 19 # 29 = 1
17 17 29 - 19


Practice

Sol :

1. Verify that − ^− x h = x for (i)x = 13 (ii)x =− 15 (i) -4 1 = 1 −4 = −4

15 17 5 # # 5 5
Here, the property of multiplicative identity 1 is
2. Verify that − ^− x h = x for (i)x = 9 (ii)x =− 11 shown.
15 17
(ii) - 13 - 2 = − 2 = − 2 − 13
17 # 7 7 7 # 17
4. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following : Here, the property of commutativity is shown.
(i) - 13 (ii) - 13 (iii) - 19 29 = 1
19 29 # - 19
(iii) (iv) 5 # - 3
1 - Here, the property of multiplicative inverse is shown.
5 8 7
(v) - 1 # - 2 (vi) - 1
5

Practice

Sol : 1. Name the property under multiplication used in

each of the following:
(i) The multiplicative inverse of - 13 = − 1 (i) - 12 # 1 = 1 # − 12 = − 12
13 5 5 5
- 13 − 13 - 4 − 4 − 13
(ii) The multiplicative inverse of = 19 (ii) - #
17 7
=
7 # 17
19 13
(iii) The multiplicative inverse of 1 =5=5 (iii) - 10 # 29 = 1
5 1 29 - 10
- 5 - 3 15

Ans :
(iv) The multiplicative inverse of = ,
8 # 7 56 (i) Multiplicative Identity
= 56 (ii) Commutative
15 (iii) Multiplication inverse
(v) The multiplicative inverse of − 1 # − 2 = 2 =5 2. Name the property under multiplication used in
5 5 2
each of the following:
(vi) The multiplicative inverse of - 1, = 1 =− 1 (i) - 16 # 1 = 1 # − 16 = − 16
−1 5 5 5
(ii) - # 26 - 2 = − 2 − 26


Practice 17 7 7 # 17
1. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following : (iii) - 5 # 29 = 1
29 -5
(i) - 12 (ii) - 14 (iii) 2

Ans :
19 5
(i) Multiplicative Identity
(iv) - 10 # - 3 (v) - 1 # - 4 (vi) - 2 (ii) Commutative
8 14 5


Ans : (iii) Multiplication inverse

(i) - 1 (ii) - 19 (iii) 5

12 14 2
6. Multiply 6 by the reciprocal of - 7 .
(iv) 112 (v) 5 (vi) - 1 13 16
30 4 2


Sol :
2. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following :
(i) - 26 (ii) - 10 (iii) 3 The reciprocal of - 7 is 16 .
19 5 16 -7
(iv) - 5 # - 2 (v) - 1 # - 3 (vi) - 4
8 7 5 Thus, the reciprocal of - 7 # 6 ,
16 13


Ans :
= 16 # 6 = − 96
(i) - 1 (ii) - 19

(iii) 5 −7 13 91
26 10 3
(iv) 56 (v) 5 (vi) - 1
10 3 4

5. Name the property under multiplication used in each

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Chap 1 : Rational Numbers Support Us


Practice

Practice
1. Multiply 7 by the reciprocal of - 7 1. Is 0.15 the multiplicative inverse of 6 2 ? Why
13 16 3
or why not?


Ans : - 16
13

Ans : Multiplicative inverse
2. Multiply 12 by the reciprocal of - 9
13 16 2. Is 0.7 the multiplicative inverse of 1 1 ? Why or
3


Ans : - 64 why not?
39


Ans : Multiplicative inverse

7. Tell what property allows you to complete 1 # b 6 # 4 l 10. Write:

3 3
as b 1 # 6 l # 4 . (i) The rational number that does not have a
3 3
reciprocal.


Sol : (ii) The rational numbers that are equal to their
reciprocals.
We have 1 # b 6 # 4 l = b 1 # 6 l # 4 (iii) The rational number that is equal to its negative.
3 3 3 3
This shows associative property of rational numbers.

Sol :
(i) Zero


Practice
(ii) 1 and - 1
1. Tell what property allows you to complete (iii) Zero
12 4 as b 1 # 12 l # 4 .
3 #b # 6l
1
3 6 11. Fill in the blanks:


Ans : Associative property (i) Zero has ........... reciprocal.
(ii) The numbers ........... and ........... are their own
2. Tell what property allows you to complete reciprocals.
2 #b # 3l
1 6 4 as b 1 # 6 l # 4 . (iii) The reciprocal of - 5 is ...........
2 3


Ans : Associative property (iv) Reciprocal of 1 , where x ! 0 is ...........
x
(v) The product of two rational numbers is
always a ...........
8. Is 89 the multiplicative inverse of - 1 18 ? Why or why (vi) The reciprocal of a positive rational number is
not ? ...........


Sol :

Sol :
(i) no (ii) 1, - 1
Here, -1 1 # 8 = −9 # 8
8 9 8 9
(iii) - 1 (iv) x
5
=− 1 ! 1
(v) rational number (vi) positive
Thus, 8 is not the multiplicative inverse of - 1 1 ,
9 8
because their product is not 1:

Practice
1. Is 118 the multiplicative inverse of - 1 28 ? Why Exercise 1.2
or why not ?
1. Represent these numbers on the number line :


Ans : No
(i) 7 (ii) - 5
4 6
2. Is -817 the multiplicative inverse of - 2 18 ? Why
or why not ?

Sol :


Ans : Yes (i) For representing 74 on the number line,
we will make 7 markings of distance 14 each on the
right of zero from which the seventh marking will
show 74
9. Is 0.3 the multiplicative inverse of 3 1 ? Why or why
3
not?

Sol :

Here 3 1 # 0.3 = 10 # 3 = 1 The point P on the number line represents 7 .

3 3 10 4
(ii) For representing -65 on the number line, we will
Thus, 0.3 is the multiplicative inverse of 3 1 because
3 make 5 markings of distance 16 each on the left of
their product is 1.
zero from which the fifth marking will show -65

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Chap 1 : Rational Numbers Class 8 • Maths • NCERT Solutions
-2 = −2 # 4 = −8
5 5#4 20

and 1 = 1 # 10 = 10
2 2 # 10 20
We know that,
The point P on the number line represents - 5
6 − 8 < − 7 < − 6.... < 9 < 10

− 8 < − 7 < − 6 .... < 9 < 10


Practice
20 20 20 20 20
1. Represent these numbers on the number line : − 2 < − 7 < − 6 ... < 9 < 1

(i) 5 (ii) - 3 5 20 20 20 2
4 6
2. Represent these numbers on the number line : Thus, ten rational numbers between - 2 and 1 ,
5 2
(i) 3 (ii) - 1 - 7 , - 6 , - 5 , - 4 , - 3 , - 1, 0, 1 , 2 , 3
4 6
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Please note that there are infinite rational number
between any two rational number. Here we have
2. Represent - 2 , - 5 , - 9 on the number line. choose only 10 number.
11 11 11


Sol :


Practice
For representing the given rational numbers on the
number line, we make markings of equal distance 1 1. Find ten rational numbers between - 3 and 1 .
11 2 4
on the left of zero as shown in the figure.


Ans : - 12 , - 11, - 10 , - 9 , - 8 , - 7
8 8 8 8 8 8
- 6, - 5, - 4 , - 3,
8 8 8 8
2. Find twelve rational numbers between - 3 and
5
The point P on the number line represents - 2 1.
11 3
-
The point Q on the number line represents 5

Ans : - 9 , - 8 , - 7 , - 6 , - 5 , - 4 , - 3 , - 2 , - 1,
11 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
-
The point R on the number line represents 9
11 0, 1 , 2
15 15


Practice
1. Represent - 10 , - 7 , - 3 on the number line. 5. Find five rational numbers between:
11 11 11
(i) 2 and 4 (ii) - 3 and 5
2. Represent - 4 , - 1, - 0 on the number line. 3 5 2 3
11 11 11
(iii) 1 and 1
4 2
3. Write five rational numbers which are smaller than 2.

Sol :
(i) By converting the given rational numbers to


Sol :
rational numbers with the same denominators :
Five rational numbers smaller than 2 are : 1, 2 = 2 # 20 = 40
2 , 0, - 1 , and - 2 .
1 1
3 3 # 20 60

and 4 = 4 # 12 = 48


Practice 5 5 # 12 60
we know that
1. Write six rational numbers which are smaller
than 3. 40 < 41 < 42 < 43 < 44 < 45 < 46 < 47 < 48

40 < 41 < 42 < 43 < 44 < 45 < 46 < 47 < 48



Ans : 2, 1, 12 , 0, - 1, - 32 ( and many more) 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
2. Write seven rational numbers which are smaller 2 < 41 < 42 < 43 < 44 < 45 < 46 < 47 < 4
than 4. 3 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 5


Ans : 3, 52 , 2, 1, 12 , 0, - 1, (and many more) Thus, five rational numbers between 2 and 4 ,
3 5
41
, , , , 42 43 44 45
60 60 60 60 60
4. Find ten rational numbers between - 2 and 1 . (ii) By converting the given rational numbers to
5 2 rational numbers with same denominators :


Sol : -3 = −3 # 3 = −9
By converting the given rational numbers to rational 2 2#3 6
numbers with the same denominators : 5 = 5 # 2 = 10
and
3 3#2 6

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Chap 1 : Rational Numbers Support Us
We know that By converting the given rational numbers to rational
− 9 < − 8 < − 7..... < 8 < 9 < 10
numbers with same denominators :
− 9 < − 8 < − 7 ..... < 8 < 9 < 10 3 = 3 # 20 = 60
5 5 # 20 100
6 6 6 6 6 6
− 3 < − 8 < − 7 ..... < 8 < 9 < 5 and 3 = 3 # 25 = 75
4 4 # 25 100
2 6 6 6 6 3
We know that
Thus, five rational numbers between - 3 and 5 60 < 61 < 62..... < 73 < 74 < 75

2 3
- 8 , - 7 , - 1, 0, 1 60 < 61 < 62 .... < 73 < 74 < 75
6 6 6
100 100 100 100 100 100
(iii) By converting the given rational numbers to 3 < 61 < 62 .... < 73 < 74 < 3
rational numbers with same denominators :
5 100 100 100 100 4
1 = 1#8 = 8 Thus, ten rational numbers between 3 and 3
4 4#8 32 5 4

and 1 = 1 # 16 = 16 = 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70

2 2 # 16 32 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
We know that

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8 < 9 < 10 < 11 < 12 < 13 < 14 < 15 < 16
8 < 9 < 10 < 11 < 12 < 13 < 14 < 15 < 16
32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

1 < 9 < 10 < 11 < 12 < 13 < 14 < 15 < 1

4 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 2
Thus, five rational numbers between 1 and 1
4 2
9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13
32 32 32 32 32

Practice
1. Find five rational numbers between:
(i) 2 and 4 (ii) - 3 and 5
3 5 2 3
(iii) 1 and 1
4 2

Ans : - 12 , - 11, - 10 , - 9 , - 8 , - 7
8 8 8 8 8 8
- 6, - 5, - 4 , - 3,
8 8 8 8

6. Write five rational numbers greater than - 2 .

Sol :
Five rational numbers greater than - 2 are,
- 3 - 1, - 1, 0 and 1
2 2 2

Practice
1. Write six rational numbers greater than - 4 .

Ans : - 3 , - 2 , - 3 - 1, 1 , and 5 (and many

2 2
more)

2. Write six rational numbers greater than - 4 .

Ans : - 3 , - 2 , - 3 - 1, 1 , and 5 (and many
2 2
more)

7. Find ten rational numbers between 3 and 3 .

5 4


Sol :

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