TRAINING COURSE ON

ASME B 31.3

VOLUME – I

CONDUCTED BY

ASIAN ACADEMY OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

www.asianacademy.org.in
.

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 ASME B31.3 PROCESS PIPING

CONTENTS

1. PROGRAM SCHEDULE

2. BENCH MARK QUIZ

3. CASE STUDIES (CODE CALCULATIONS)

4. ADDITIONAL EXTACTS OF STANDARDS

a. ASME B 16.5
b. ASME B36.10M
c. ASME B31.3_ED 2008

5. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE MATERIAL

a. MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDE FOR PIPING

COMPONENTS

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 ASME B31.3 PROCESS PIPING

PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Day 1
Session 1
• Introduction and Bench Mark Quiz
• Piping codes and standards, Standards for Piping Components, Pipe
flanges and fittings
• ASME B 31.3 Scope and applicability, Service/Fluid Classification and
Definitions

Session 2
• Design Philosophy of B31.3
• Joint Quality Factors / Increased Quality factors, Allowable stresses
• Design for Internal Pressure
• Case Study-1, Case Study-2
• Design of permanent blanks
• Case Study-3

Session 3
• Design of Nozzles –reinforcements
• Case Study 4

Session 4

• Selection of Flanges as per ASME B 16.5

• Pressure-temperature ratings.
• Case Study 5

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Day 2

Session 1
• Materials Review
• Materials: ASTM Specifications
• ASME Standards for Piping Items such as Valve, Fittings

Session 2

• Common piping Materials

• Listed, unlisted materials
• Temperature Limitations
• Material Identification, Certification and Traceability
• Impact testing for Low temperature service
• Acceptance Criteria for Impact Testing.
• Case Study 6

Session 3

• Service considerations in Design

• Support Systems for piping
• Discussions on Flexibility considerations

Session 4
• Weld Edge prep. And Fit-up tolerances
• Welding Procedures and Qualification Testing
• Welder Qualification
• Weld size for attachment welds at openings.
• Socket welds, Seal welds
• Permitted Weld reinforcements

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Day 3

Session 1
• Preheat Temperature Case Study no 8
• Post Weld Heat Treatment Case study no 9
• Optional Hardness Testing after PWHT

Session 2

• Non Destructive Examination Requirements

• NDE Procedures and Requirements
• NDE Personnel Qualifications
• NDE Methods
• Extent of NDE Examination
• Acceptance Criteria
• Quality Records

Session 3

• Leak testing-Hydrostatic
• Leak testing-Pneumatic
• Case study no 7
• Service leak test
• NDT in lieu of leak test

Session 4

• Additional requirements for Category M fluids

• Additional requirements for Category K fluids
• Feed back, concluding and close down.

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ASME B 31.3 - PROCESS PIPING CODE COURSE

Case studies illustrating use of code rules for

ASME B 31.3 PROCESS PIPING

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 ASME B 31.3 - PROCESS PIPING CODE COURSE

CODE CALCULATIONS
(Thickness Determination)

Exercise-1.
Determine the Pressure design thickness and minimum required thickness and nominal
thickness for a piping with the following design conditions:

Design Pressure = 35 bar (3.5 MPa)

Design Temperature = 350 degrees C

Pipes to be used = A 53 gr. B Electric Resistance Welded (ERW)

Pipe size = NPS 6

Corrosion Allowance = 3.0 mm

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Thickness Determination)

Exercise-1. (SOLUTION)

/
1. Pressure Design thickness, t = PD 2 (SEW + PY)

Here, P = 35 Bar(g) [3.5 MPa]

D= 168.28 (Ref. table in ASME B 36.10 )
S= 118 MPa Table A-1M (ASME B 31.3)
E= 0.85 Table A-1B (ASME B 31.3)
Y= 0.4 Table 304.1.1 (ASME B 31.3)
W= 1.0 Table 302.3.5 (ASME B 31.3)

Now, t = 3.5 x 168.28 / 2 [(118 x0.85x1) + (3.5 x 0.4)]

= 588.98/203.4= 2.895 mm
Thus, Pressure Design thickness = 2.895 mm

Now Min. Required thickness tm =t + c.

Min. Required thickness = 2.895 mm + 3.0 mm
Min. Required thickness = 5.895 mm

Sch Thickness 5.895/0.875 = 6.73 mm

Selected schedule no (Thk) = Sch 40 (7.11 mm)

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Thickness Determination)

Exercise-2.

Determine the Pressure design thickness and minimum required thickness for a piping
with the following design conditions:

Design Pressure = 55 Bar(g) [5.5 MPa]

Design Temperature = 375 degrees C

Pipes to be used = A 106 gr. C

Pipe size = NPS 12

Corrosion Allowance = 2.5 mm

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Thickness Determination)

Exercise-2. (SOLUTION)

/
1. Pressure Design thickness, t = PD 2 (SEW + PY)

Here, P = 5.5 MPa

D= 323.85 (Ref. table in ASME B 36.10 )
S= 122 MPa Table A-1M (ASME B 31.3)
E= 1.0 Table A-1B (ASME B 31.3)
Y= 0.4 Table 304.1.1 (ASME B 31.3)
W= 1 Table 302.3.5 (ASME B 31.3)

Now, t = 5.5 x 323.85 / 2 (122 x 1 x 1 + 5.5 x 0.4)

= 1781.175/248.4 = 7.17 mm
Thus, Pressure Design thickness = 7.17 mm

Now Min. Required thickness tm =t + c.

Min. Required thickness = 6.293 + 2.5
Min. Required thickness = 9.67 mm
Schedule Thickness = 9.67/0.875 = 11.05 mm

Selected Schedule no (Thk) = Schedule XS (12.7 mm)

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Thickness of Permanent Blank)

Exercise-3.

Find Minimum required Thickness of a seamless Permanent Blank to be inserted

at a flanged joint for the following piping:

Design Pressure = 18 MPa

Design Temperature = 315 OC

Blank Material A 516 Gr 60

(Allowable stress value at 315 OC = 112.6 MPa, by interpolation)

Corrosion Allowance= 1.6 mm

Gasket Internal Diameter = 203 mm

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Thickness Determination)

Exercise-3. (SOLUTION)

Min required thk for permanent blank

3P
Tm = dg +C
16 SEW

P = 18 MPa
C = 1.6 mm
S = 112.6 MPa
E = 1.0
W = 1.0
dg = 203 mm

Key-in the values in above formula

Minimum required thickness = 35.14 mm +1.6 mm

Minimum required thickness = 36.74 mm = 38 mm

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Nozzle Reinforcement Calculation)
Exercise-4.
A NPS 6 Sch 40 Pipe is provided with a set-on type branch of NPS 4 Sch 40.
Various dimension are as follows

Diameter of finished opening (d) = 102.26 mm, Main Pipe Thickness = 7.11 mm.
Pressure Require Thickness of main pipe (tr) = 4.3 mm, C.A. = 1.5 mm, Pressure
Require Thickness of branch pipe (tnr) = 3.4 mm, tn = 6.02 mm.
Answer questions below :

1. What is Reinforcement limit along main pipe?

2. What is Reinforcement limit normal to main pipe?
3. What is total reinforcement area required?
4. What is area available in main pipe?
5. What is area available in branch pipe?
6. Is the branch adequately reinforced or
7. Will it require additional reinforcing pad of what thickness?

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Nozzle Reinforcement Calculation)

Exercise-4. (SOLUTION)

1. Reinforcement limit along the main pipe = 2d = 2 x 102.26 = 204.52 mm

2. Reinforcement limit normal to main pipe = 2.5 tn = 2.5 x 6.02 = 15.05 mm

3. Total Reinforcement Area required = d*tr = 102.26 x 4.3 = 439.72 sq. mm.

4. Area available in main = d (t-CA-tr) = 102.26x(7.11-1.5-4.3) = 133.96 sq mm

5. Area available in branch=5tn (tn-CA-tnr)=5x6.02x(6.02-1.5-3.4) =33.71 sq mm

6. Total area available in main and branch = 133.96 + 33.71 = 167.67 sq mm

Since Area available (167.67) is less than area required (439.72) Branch
required reinforcement. It does not require separate reinforcement pad.

7. Thickness of reinforcement pad tp = Additional required area/(2d-d-2tn)

= (439.72-167.67) /(204.52-102.26-2*6.02) = 3.01 mm

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Flange Class selection)

Exercise-5.

Determine class of flanges to be used in exercise 1 and 2.

Exercise-5. (SOLUTION)

Exercise no 1. Pipe material is carbon steel so flange material selected is A105.

Table 2-1.1 to be used
Pressure 35 Bar(g) Temperature 350 Degree C so Flange Class would be 300.

Exercise no 2. Pipe material is carbon steel so flange material selected is A105.

Table 2-1.1 to be used
Pressure 55 Bar(g) Temperature 375 Degree C so Flange Class would be 600

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Impact testing requirements)

Exercise-6.

Q.1 A Piping system is to be constructed using 12.7mm (0.50 inch) thick pipes.
Pipe specification is A 106 Grade A (de-oxidized). Design minimum
temperature is 0 deg. C (32OF). Will you require impact testing as per
ASME B 31.3?

Q. 2 If the Design minimum temperature in Q. 1 above is changed to - 40OC

(-40OF). Will impact testing be required?

Q. 3 If the Design minimum temperature in Q. 1 above is changed to -29OC

(-20OF). Will impact testing be required?

Q.4 If all conditions in Q. 1 above are same except that we now use 30 mm
thick pipe . Will you specify impact test?

Q.5 Impact testing was conducted on A 106 Grade A pipes. Using 3 specimen.
Test impact values reported were:

Specimen 1 : 21 J
Specimen 2 : 20 J
Specimen 3 : 15 J
Is impact test acceptable?

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Impact testing requirements)

Exercise-6. (SOLUTION)

1) In this example Curve B will apply. Referring to Fig 323.2.2A , the point is
clearly above the curve, hence Impact Testing is not required.

2) Now the point lies clearly below the curve. Impact testing is required.

3) Now the point lies very close to the curve. Decision whether point is
above or below is difficult. Go to table 323.2.2A. We see that point is on
the curve (rounded value). Impact testing is NOT required.

4) Now the Point is clearly below curve.

Impact test required.

5) Required Average for 3 specimen = 13 ft 1b

Actual average obtained = 21 + 20 + 15 = 56 = 18.66 J

3 3

Average obtained ,18.66 J > 18 J ……. OK

Only one specimen has gone below the 18 J

Its value must be more than 14 J. And its actual value =15 J.
15 > 14 J -----------------OK

Both criteria of Average & minimum are satisfied – Test is accepted.

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Pressure testing requirements)

Exercise-7.

Following information is taken from data sheet for a Piping system.

Design Pr = 15 Bar(g) = 1.5 MPa.
Stress value of the pipes at design temperature = 122 MPa
Stress value at test temperature = 136 MPa

Calculate the following

Q.1 Hydrostatic Test Pressure
Q.2 Pneumatic Test Pressure
Q.3 Max. Relief value set Pressure for Pneumatic Test
Q.4 First stage pressure for Pneumatic Test
Q.5 Inspection pressure at which leak check shall be performed for Pneumatic
Test

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Pressure testing requirements)

Exercise-7.(SOLUTION)

1) Hydrostatic Test Pr = 1.5 X Design pressure X Stress ratio

= 1.5 X 15 X 136/122
= 1.5 x 15 x 1.0327
= 25.08 Bar(g) = 25 Bar(g)

2) Pneumatic Test Pr = 1.1 x Design pressure

= 1.1 x 15
= 16.5 Bar(g)

3) Max. Relief Value set Pr. = 1.1 X Pneumatic Test Pr

= 1.1 x 16.5 Or 16.5+3.45 lower of two
= 18.15 Bar(g)

4) First stage pressure for Pneumatic is smaller of 50% of test pr. or 170 KPa
= Smaller of 16.5/2 or 1.7 Bar(g)
= 1.7 Bar(g)

5) Pneumatic Inspection Pressure = Design pressure = 15 Bar(g)

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Pre-heating temperatures)

Exercise-8.

Determine if pre-heating is required in following cases and if required, provide

minimum pre-heat temperature

Q.1 All pipes A 106 Gr B pipes ,NPS 10, Sch 80

Q. 2. A 106 Gr C pipes, NPS 12, Sch 80 pipe welded to NPS 12 Sch 160 pipe

Q.3 All pipes A 335 Grade 12 , NPS 10 Sch 40

Q.4 A 335 Grade P12 pipes NPS 10, Sch 80 pipes welded to A 335 Grade P5
pipes NPS 10, Sch 80

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Pre-heating temperatures)

Exercise-8.( SOLUTION)

1) Solution to Q.1
• For A106 Gr. B pipes P no. is 1
• Tensile strength is 414 MPa
• Thickness for NPS 10 sch 80 is 15.09 mm
• From table 330.1.1 Preheat temp. = 10OC

2) Solution to Q.2

• For A106 Gr. C pipes P no. is 1

• Tensile strength is 483 MPa
• Thickness for NPS 12 sch 80 is 17.48 mm. And Preheat temp= 10OC
• For NPS 12 sch 160 thickness is 33.32 mm. Preheat temp. = 95OC
• Preheat at Higher preheat temperature = 95OC

3) For A 335 Gr.12 pipes, the P no. is 4.

From table 330.1.1 Preheat temp. = 120OC.

4) For A 335 Gr.12 pipes P no. is 4. and For A 335 Gr.P5, the P no. is 5B
Thickness : 15.09 mm
For P no.4, Preheat temp= 120OC
For P no.5B, Preheat temp= 150OC
Use higher Preheat temp. = 150OC

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(PWHT Requirements)

Exercise-9.

Find out whether PWHT is required in following cases and if required,

provide minimum PWHT temperature and time. There is no Service related

PWHT requirement.

Q.1 All pipes A 106 Gr B pipes, NPS 10, Sch 80

Q.2 All pipes A 335 Grade 12, NPS 10 Sch 80,

(preheat of 120OC is applied and multilayer welding is carried out)

Q.3 All pipes A 335 Grade P5, NPS 10 Sch 80

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(PWHT Requirements)

Exercise-9.(SOLUTION)

1) Solution to Q.1

• For A106 Gr. B pipes P no. is 1

• Tensile strength is 414 MPa
• Thickness for NPS 10 sch 80 is 15.09 mm
• From table 331.1.3 PWHT Not required (as to weld 15.09 mm
multiple layers welding would have used).

2) Solution to Q.2

• For A 335 Gr.12 pipes. the P no. is 4.

• Thickness for NPS 10 sch 80 is 15.09 mm.
• From table 331.1.1 PWHT is NOT required (as mandatory
preheating is done, multiple layer welding would have used)

3) Solution to Q.3

• For A 335 Gr.P5 pipes. the P no. is 5B.

• Thickness for NPS 10 sch 80 is 15.09 mm.
• From table 331.1.3 PWHT is required
• PWHT temp. = 675 - 760OC (Table 331.1.1)
• Holding time = 37 minutes minimum

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Thermal Expansion of Pipes)

Exercise-10.

1. Estimate the total length after heating if a 200 meter long, A 106 Gr.B pipe was
heated from 20OC to 200OC

2. Estimate the contraction in above pipe if it was cooled from atmospheric

temperature 20OC to a low temperature -200OC

Exercise-10.( SOLUTION)

1) Go to Table C-1 of ASME B 31.3

Thermal expansion for 1 meter = 2.3 mm
For 200 meters the expansion = 2.3 x 200 = 460 mm
Total length after heating = 200 + 0.460 meters = 200.46 meter

2) Go to Table C-1 of ASME B 31.3

Thermal contraction (negative expansion) for 1 meter = (-)2.2 mm
For 200 meters the contraction = (-)440 mm

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 CODE CALCULATIONS
(Allowable External Pressure on Pipe)

Exercise-11.
Determine suitability of NPS 10 sch 30, A106 Gr B as core pipe for a non-Newtonian
fluid service having A 106 Gr B NPS 14 Sch 10 Jacket pipe. Jacket fluid is IBR steam at
5 Bar(g) and 250OC. Corrosion allowance for core pipe service is 1.5 mm and that of
jacket service is 0.75 mm. Jacket length is 6.0 meters maximum.

Exercise-5. (SOLUTION)
Step 1: Determine net thickness of core pipe expose to external pressure.
NPS 10 Sch 30 has thickness 7.8 mm
Net Thickness (t) = (7.8 x 0.875) – (1.5 + 0.75) = 4.57 mm

Step 2: Determine L/Do and Do/t ratios

L/Do = 6000/273 = 21.97

Do/t = 273/4.57 = 59.73

Step 3: Determine Factor A from Fig G (Geometric Chart for Components Under
External Load) of ASME Sec II Part D.

Factor A : 0.0003

Step 4: Determine Factor B from Figure CS-2 of ASME Sec II Part D.

Factor B: 27 MPa

Step 5: Determine allowable external pressure by Pa = 4B/3(Do/t) or Pa = 2AE/3(Do/t)

Pa = 4B/3(Do/t) = (4 x 27)/ (3 x 59.73) = 0.60 MPa = 6.0 Bar(g)

Core Pipe is suitable for external pressure of 5 Bar(g)

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