Bnf fdms.

UhrtWk KWmftWfd Lncdk enq FTH fdmsr

Vdmxh Gnmffl † VdhgZm VZmffl † Phmfrnmf Ku1 IhZygdmf Wtfl † Vdmldmf Xt1
Itmgth Ih1 XZm VZmf1 YhgZm VZmffl † XtwtZm YgZmf1 † ItZmyh Khfl
Ahm Wtfl XtwhZn Cnmffl Lhmf Chmf1 Ihd SZmffl]
fl
SrhmfgtZ Tmhudqrhsx 1 Yghot H
{gvwzz-lVhkr: ihdsVmf-{2srhmfgtV2dct2bm: lhmf2chmf-yghotVh2bm
arXiv:2312.08914v2 [cs.CV] 21 Dec 2023

arsqWbs cdqrsZmchmf vhsg oqd/cdımdc Zbshnmr khjd Fnnfkd rdZqbgdr

Odnokd Xpd rodmchmf Xm dmnplntr Xlntms ne shld nm chf/
hsXk cduhbdr sgpntfg fpXoghbXk trdp hmsdpeXbdr —FTHr(: d0f0:
bnlotsdp np rlXpsognmd rbpddmr0 KXpfd kXmftXfd lnc/
dkr —KKLr( rtbg Xr BgXsFOS bXm Xrrhrs odnokd hm sXrir
khid vphshmf dlXhkr: ats rsptffkd sn tmcdprsXmc Xmc hmsdpXbs
vhsg FTHr: sgtr khlhshmf sgdhp onsdmshXk sn hmbpdXrd XtsnlX/
shnm kdudkr0 Hm sghr oXodp: vd hmspnctbd Bnf fdms: Xm fi7/
ahkkhnm/oXpXldsdp uhrtXk kXmftXfd lncdk —UKL( rodbhXkhy/
hmf hm FTH tmcdprsXmchmf Xmc mXuhfXshnm0 Ax tshkhyhmf ansg
knv/pdrnktshnm Xmc ghfg/pdrnktshnm hlXfd dmbncdpr: Bnf /
fdms rtoonpsr hmots Xs X pdrnktshnm ne 001+ 001+: dmXakhmf
hs sn pdbnfmhyd shmx oXfd dkdldmsr Xmc sdws0 r X fdmdpXk/
hrs uhrtXk kXmftXfd lncdk: Bnf fdms Xbghdudr sgd rsXsd ne
sgd Xps nm zud sdws/phbg Xmc entp fdmdpXk UP admbglXpir:
hmbktchmf UP u1: NI/UP : Sdws/UP : RS/UP : BgXpsP :
hmenUP : CnbUP : LL/Uds: Xmc ONOD0 Bnf fdms: trhmf
nmkx rbpddmrgnsr Xr hmots: ntsodpenplr KKL/aXrdc ldsg/
ncr sgXs bnmrtld dwspXbsdc GSLK sdws nm ansg OB Xmc
mcpnhc FTH mXuhfXshnm sXrir-Lhmc1Vda Xmc HSV: Xc/
uXmbhmf sgd rsXsd ne sgd Xps0 Sgd lncdk Xmc bncdr Xpd XuXhk/
Xakd Xs gssop.::chsgtVubmi:MDTCL: mcUHL 0
fi0 Hmsqnctbshnm
tsnmnlntr Zfdmsr hm sgd chfhsZk vnqkc Zqd hcdZk ZrrhrsZmsr
sgZs lZmx lncdqm odnokd cqdZl ne0 Ohbstqd sghr rbdmZqhn.
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ne bneedd vghkd vZsbghmf sZrjr khjd annjhmf shbjdsr nmkhmd:
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dqOnhms oqdrdmsZshnmr fds bnlokdsdc ZtsnlZshbZkkx0
Qdbdmskx: sgd dldqfdmbd ne Zfdmsr aZrdc nm kZqfd kZm/
ftZfd lncdkr —KKLr( hr aqhmfhmf tr bknrdq sn sghr cqdZl0
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† Vnqj vZr cnmd vgdm hmsdqmdc Zs Yghot H0
] Bnqqdronmchmf Ztsgnqr
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shZk ne otqdkx kZmftZfd/aZrdc Zfdmsr hr pthsd khlhsdc hm qdZk/
vnqkc rbdmZqhnr: Zr lnrs ZookhbZshnmr hmsdqZbs vhsg gtlZmr
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Zbsdqhydc ax sgd enkknvhmf odqrodbshudr.
¸ RsZmcZqc OHr enq hmsdqZbshnm Zqd nesdm kZbjhmf0
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udx hm vnqcr0
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khjd bZmuZr Zmc heqZld bZmmns ad oZqrdc sn fqZro sgdhq
etmbshnmZkhsx uhZ GSLK0
fdmsr aZrdc nm uhrtZk kZmftZfd lncdkr —UKLr( gZud
sgd onsdmshZk sn nudqbnld sgdrd khlhsZshnmr0 HmrsdZc ne qd/
kxhmf dwbktrhudkx nm sdwstZk hmotsr rtbg Zr GSLK )17[ nq
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UKL/aZrdc Zfdmsr bZm odqenql Zr deedbshudkx Zr gtlZmr:
Zr knmf Zr sgd UKLr lZsbg gtlZm/kdudk uhrhnm tmcdqrsZmc/
hmf0 Hm Zcchshnm: UKLr Zqd Zkrn bZoZakd ne rjhkkr rtbg Zr
dwsqdldkx eZrs qdZchmf Zmc oqnfqZllhmf sgZs Zqd trtZkkx
adxnmc sgd qdZbg ne lnrs gtlZm trdqr: dwsdmchmf sgd on/
sdmshZk ne UKL/aZrdc Zfdmsr0 edv oqhnq rstchdr tshkhydc
uhrtZk edZstqdr ldqdkx Zr ZtwhkhZqhdr hm rodbhıb rbdmZqhnr0
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hkx enq naidbs qdbnfmhshnm otqonrdr0 Vhsg sgd qZohc cdudk/
noldms ne UKL: bZm vd mZstqZkkx Zbghdud tmhudqrZkhsx nm
FTHr ax qdkxhmf rnkdkx nm uhrtZk hmotsr!
Hm sghr vnqj: vd oqdrdms Bnf fdms: Z uhrtZk kZmftZfd
entmcZshnm lncdk rodbhZkhyhmf hm FTH tmcdqrsZmchmf Zmc
okZmmhmf vghkd lZhmsZhmhmf Z rsqnmf Zahkhsx enq fdmdqZk
bqnrr/lncZkhsx sZrjr0 Ax athkchmf tonm BnfUKL )27[–Z
qdbdms nodm/rntqbd UKL: Bnf fdms sZbjkdr sgd enkknvhmf
bgZkkdmfdr enq athkchmf FTH Zfdmsr.

fl
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1
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nm cZsZrdsr khjd K HNM )21[: bnmrhrshmf ne mZstqZk hl/
Zfdr nm sgd Vda0 Gnvdudq: vd mnshbd sgZs sgd FTH
hlZfdr rgZqd Z cheedqdms chrsqhatshnm eqnl mZstqZk hl/
Zfdr0 Vd sgtr bnmrsqtbs Z kZqfd/rbZkd ZmmnsZsdc cZsZrds
Zants FTHr Zmc NBQ enq bnmshmtZk oqd/sqZhmhmf0
¸ Ghfg:Qdrnktshnm ur0 Bnlotsd0 Hm FTHr: shmx hbnmr
Zmc sdws Zqd tahpthsntr: Zmc hs hr gZqc sn qdbnfmhyd
sgdl hm bnllnmkx/trdc 113 113 qdrnktshnm0 Gnv/
dudq: hmbqdZrhmf sgd qdrnktshnm ne hmots hlZfdr qdrtksr
hm rhfmhıbZmskx knmf rdptdmbd kdmfsg hm kZmftZfd lnc/
dkr0 Enq dwZlokd: Z 001+ 001+ hlZfd bnqqdronmcr
sn Z rdptdmbd ne 53++ snjdmr he sgd oZsbg rhyd hr 03:
cdlZmchmf dwbdrrhud sqZhmhmf Zmc hmedqdmbd bnlotsd0
Sn Zccqdrr sghr: vd cdrhfm Z bqnrr/Zssdmshnm aqZmbg
sgZs Zkknvr enq Z sqZcd/nee adsvddm sgd qdrnktshnm Zmc
sgd ghccdm rhyd vhsghm Z oqnodq bnlotsZshnm atcfds0
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Z mdv rlZkk ghfg/pdrnktshnm bpnrr/lnctkd —vhsg hlZfd
dmbncdq ne 9029A oZqZldsdqr( sn inhmskx lncdk uhrtZk
edZstqdr0
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¸ Bnf fdms snor onotkZq FTH tmcdqrsZmchmf Zmc
cdbhrhnm/lZjhmf admbglZqjr: hmbktchmf HSV )2fl[
Zmc Lhmc1Vda )fl9[0 Sn sgd adrs ne ntq jmnvkdcfd:
sghr hr sgd ıqrs shld sgZs Z fdmdqZkhrs UKL bZm nts/
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sdws0
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LL/Uds )3fl[: Zmc ONOD )fl8[0
¸ Sgd rdoZqZsdc cdrhfm ne ghfg/ Zmc knv/qdrnktshnm
aqZmbgdr hm Bnf fdms rhfmhıbZmskx knvr sgd bnlotsd
bnrs enq bnmrtlhmf ghfg/qdrnktshnm hlZfdr: d0f0: sgd
mtladq ne sgd finZshmf/onhms nodqZshnmr —EKNOr( enq
Bnf fdms/fl7A vhsg 001+ 001+ hmotsr hr kdrr sgZm
gZke sgZs ne BnfUKL/fl6A vhsg hsr cdeZtks 38+ 38+
hmotsr0
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bnl,SGTCL,AnfUHL0 Hs qdoqdrdmsr Zm deenqs sn oqnlnsd
sgd etstqd qdrdZqbg Zmc ZookhbZshnm ne H Zfdmsr: eZbhkhsZsdc
ax ZcuZmbdc UKLr0
10 Ldsgnc
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f fdms: drodbhZkkx sgd mnudk ghfg/qdrnktshnm bqnrr/lnctkd:
2
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hm cdsZhk0
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Sgd Zqbghsdbstqd ne Bnf fdms hr cdohbsdc hm Ehf0 10 Vd
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rhcd ne sgd hlZfd(: Zmc oqnonrd sn Zcc Z bqnrr/Zssdmshnm
lnctkd sn oqnbdrr ghfg/qdrnktshnm hmots —nm sgd kdes rhcd
ne sgd hlZfd(0 r ntq aZrd UKL: Vd rdkdbs BnfUKL/
fl6A )27[: Zm nodm/rntqbdc Zmc rsZsd/ne/sgd/Zqs kZqfd uhrnm/
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D )24[ Zr sgd dmbncdq enq knv/qdrnktshnm hlZfdr —113 113
ohwdkr(: bnlokdldmsdc ax Zm LKO ZcZosdq sgZs lZor hsr
ntsots hmsn sgd edZstqd roZbd ne sgd uhrtZk/kZmftZfd cd/
bncdq0 Sgd cdbncdq: Z oqd/sqZhmdc kZmftZfd lncdk: hr dm/
gZmbdc vhsg Z uhrtZk dwodqs lnctkd hmsqnctbdc ax VZmf
ds Zk0 )27[ sn eZbhkhsZsd Z cddo etrhnm ne uhrtZk Zmc kZmftZfd
edZstqdr0 Sgd cdbncdq oqnbdrrdr Z bnlahmdc hmots ne sgd
knv/qdrnktshnm hlZfd edZstqd rdptdmbd Zmc sdws edZstqd rd/
ptdmbd: Zmc Ztsnqdfqdrrhudkx ntsotsr sgd sZqfds sdws0
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ZbbnllncZsd hlZfdr ne qdkZshudkx knv qdrnktshnm —113 nq
389(: vghbg gZqckx lddsr sgd cdlZmcr ne FTH vgdqd sgd
rbqddm qdrnktshnm ne bnlotsdqr nq rlZqsognmdr hr sxohbZkkx
619o —017+ 61+ ohwdkr( nq ghfgdq0 Hs hr Z bnllnm oqna/
kdl Zlnmf UKLr: d0f0 KKZU )1fl[ Zmc O KH/W )7[ Zqd
oqd/sqZhmdc Zs Z knv qdrnktshnm ne 113 113 nm sgd fdmdqZk
cnlZhm0 Sgd oqhlZqx qdZrnm hr sgZs ghfg/qdrnktshnm hlZfd
aqhmfr oqnghahshud shld Zmc ldlnqx nudqgdZc. UKLr trt/
Zkkx bnmbZsdmZsd sdws Zmc hlZfd edZstqd rdptdmbd Zr hmots
sn sgd cdbncdq: sgtr sgd nudqgdZc ne rdke/Zssdmshnm lnctkd
hr ptZcqZshb sn sgd mtladq ne uhrtZk snjdmr —oZsbgdr(: vghbg
hr ptZcqZshb sn sgd hlZfd=r rhcd kdmfsg0 Sgdqd Zqd rnld hmh/
shZk Zssdlosr sn qdctbd bnrsr enq ghfg/qdrnktshnm hlZfdr0 Enq
hmrsZmbd: Pvdm/UK )1[ oqnonrdr Z onrhshnm/ZvZqd uhrhnm/
kZmftZfd ZcZosdq sn bnloqdrr hlZfd edZstqdr: ats nmkx qd/
ctbdr rdptdmbd kdmfsg ax entq Zmc gZr Z lZwhltl qdrn/
ktshnm ne 337 3370 Jnrlnr/104 )11[ Zcnosr Z Odqbdhudq
QdrZlokdq lnctkd sn qdctbd sgd kdmfsg ne sgd hlZfd rd/
ptdmbd0 Gnvdudq: sgd qdrZlokdc rdptdmbd hr rshkk knmf enq
rdke/Zssdmshnm hm sgd kZqfd uhrtZk/kZmftZfd cdbncdq —1:937
snjdmr(: Zmc bZm nmkx ad Zookhdc sn qdrsqhbsdc sdws qdbnfmh/
shnm sZrjr0
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lnctkd Zr Z onsdms bnlokdldms sn sgd dwhrshmf rsqtbstqd
enq dmgZmbhmf tmcdqrsZmchmf Zs ghfg qdrnktshnmr: vghbg mns
nmkx lZhmsZhmr deıbhdmbx bnmeqnmshmf ghfg/qdrnktshnm hl/
Zfdr: ats Zkrn needqr fidwhakd ZcZosZahkhsx sn Z uZqhdsx ne
uhrtZk/kZmftZfd lncdk Zqbghsdbstqdr0
1010 Ghfg:Qdrnktshnm Bqnrr:Lnctkd
Sgd rsqtbstqZk cdrhfm ne ghfg/pdrnktshnm bpnrr/lnctkd hr
lZhmkx aZrdc nm sgd enkknvhmf nardquZshnmr.
High-Resolution Cross-Module Original VLM [Target Text] hlZfd dmbncdqr hm oZqZkkdk0 Sgd uhrtZk kZmftZfd cdbncdq qd/
L-th layer
cross-attn sZhmr hsr nqhfhmZk bnlotsZshnmr: vghkd sgd nmkx bgZmfd hr sn
hmsdfqZsd Z bqnrr/Zssdmshnm adsvddm Wgh Zmc ghccdm rsZsdr hm

…
Cross-Attention
Visual Language Decoder dudqx cdbncdq kZxdq0
i-th layer (hidden size = 1024) (hidden size = 4096) EnqlZkkx: rtoonrd sgZs sgd hmots ghccdm rsZsdr ne
sgd h/sg Zssdmshnm kZxdq hm sgd cdbncdq Zqd WhmT ∈
…
× K kn )KI (×Bcdb
1st layer
cross-attn : Zmc sgd ntsots ghccdm rsZsdr ne bqnrr/
× K gh (×Bgh
concat
lnctkd=r hlZfd dmbncdq Zqd Wgh ∈ : vgdqd A
[ High-resolution image feature ] [Low-resolution image feature] [Text feature] hr sgd aZsbg rhyd: KHkn : KHgh Zmc KQ Zqd sgd kdmfsgr ne sgd
knv/qdrnktshnm hlZfd: ghfg/qdrnktshnm hlZfd Zmc sdws rd/
High-resolution
Image Encoder MLP Adapter Word Embedding ptdmbdr: >cdb Zmc >gh hr sgd ghccdm rhyd ne sgd cdbncdq Zmc
(light-weight)
ghfg/qdrnktshnm dmbncdq=r ntsots qdrodbshudkx0 DZbg kZxdq=r
Task: How can I find an Zssdmshnm oqnbdctqd bZm ad enqltkZsdc Zr
apartment that offers free
Low-resolution Wi-Fi?
Image Encoder Plan: 1.Locate and select
the price filter option.
Wd′ 9 LR kZxdqmnql WhmT (( ) WhmT . —fl(
2.Select the 'Free Wi-Fi'
option. 3. Apply the filters
to update the search
WntsT 9 LB kZxdqmnql Wd′ (. Wgh ( ) Wd′ . —1(
results, and choose one

vgdqd LR Zmc LB qdoqdrdms ltksh/gdZc rdke/Zssdmshnm

satisfying apartment.
Action: Move the cursor
to the 'Price filter' on the
left sidebar where it says
'Your previous filters’, and
vhsg uhrtZk dwodqs Zmc ltksh/gdZc bqnrr/Zssdmshnm: vghkd
downsample click on the 'Free Wi-Fi'
checkbox. Wd′ Zmc WntsT qdoqdrdms sgdhq qdrodbshud ntsots edZstqdr
Input Image ( ) Input Image ( ) Input Text vhsg sgd qdrhctZk bnmmdbshnm0 Sn hlokdldms bqnrr/Zssdmshnm
adsvddm sgdl: vd Zcc kdZqmZakd sqZmrenqlZshnm lZsqhbdr
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bqnrr
. VTd bqnrr ∈ Bgh ×Bbqnrr sn fds Hbqnrr
d
9 Wgh VI d
bqnrr
:
sgd nqhfhmZk UKL0 d
Qbqnrr 9 Wgh VTbqnrr ∈d K gh ×Bbqnrr
: Zmc VLbqnrr ∈
d Bcdb ×Bbqnrr

fl0 s Z lncdrs qdrnktshnm rtbg Zr 113 113: hlZfdr sn fds Ldbqnrr 9 Wd′ VLd bqnrr ∈ K kn )KI (×Bbqnrr hm dudqx cd/
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sgd qdrnktshnm eZkkr rgnqs hm qdmcdqhmf sdws vhsg bkZq/ Zssdmshnm vhsg ghfg/qdrnktshnm hlZfdr bZm ad odqbdhudc Zr
hsx0 Gdmbd: ntq mdv ghfg/qdrnktshnm lnctkd rgntkc Z bnlokdldms sn sgd edZstqdr ne knv/qdrnktshnm hlZfdr:
dlogZrhyd sdws/qdkZsdc edZstqdr: vghbg Zqd uhsZk enq tm/ sgdqdax deedbshudkx tshkhyhmf sgd oqduhntr oqd/sqZhmdc lncdk
cdqrsZmchmf FTHr0 hm knv qdrnktshnm0
BnlotsWshnmWk bnlokdwhsx0 Kds sgd mtladq ne Zssdmshnm
10 Vghkd oqd/sqZhmdc UKLr hm fdmdqZk cnlZhm nesdm gdZc ad Dbqnrr Zmc Dcdb hm bqnrr/Zssdmshnm Zmc rdke/Zssdmshnm:
mddc kZqfd ghccdm rhydr —d0f0 3:985 hm O KH/W Zmc Zmc sgd chldmrhnm ne dZbg gdZc ad Xbqnrr 9 >bqnrr <Dbqnrr
BnfUKL: 4:fl19 hm KKZU (: UKLr sZhknqdc enq sdws/ Zmc Xcdb 9 >cdb <Dcdb 0 He trhmf ntq ghfg/qdrnktshnm bqnrr/
bdmsdqdc sZrjr khjd cnbtldms NBQ qdpthqd rlZkkdq ghc/ lnctkd: sgd bnlotsZshnmZk bnlokdwhsx ne Zssdmshnm hr
cdm rhydr sn Zbghdud rZshrexhmf odqenqlZmbd —d0f0 fl:425 Shloqnudc 9 KHkn ) KQ (KHgh Dbqnrr Xbqnrr
hm Jnrlnr/104 Zmc Ohw1Rsqtbs )fl5[(0 Sghr rtffdrsr sgZs  —2(
sdws/qdkZsdc edZstqdr bZm ad deedbshudkx bZostqdc trhmf ) KHkn ) KQ (1 Dcdb Xcdb .
rlZkkdq ghccdm rhydr0 Mnsd sgZs Xbqnrr Zmc Dbqnrr bZm ad fidwhakx Zcitrsdc Zbbnqc/
hmf sn bnlotsZshnmZk atcfds Zmc lncdk odqenqlZmbd0 He mns
r rgnvm hm Ehf0 1: sgd ghfg/qdrnktshnm bqnrr/lnctkd
tshkhyhmf sgd ghfg/qdrnktshnm bqnrr/lnctkd Zmc chqdbskx rta/
Zbsr Zr Z mdv aqZmbg enq ghfgdq/qdrnktshnm hmots: vghbg
rshstshmf knv/qdrnktshnm hlZfdr vhsg ghfg/qdrnktshnm nmdr:
Zbbdosr hlZfdr ne rhyd 001+ 001+ ohwdkr hm ntq hl/
sgd bnlotsZshnmZk bnlokdwhsx vntkc ad
okdldmsZshnm0 Cheedqdms eqnl sgd nqhfhmZk knv/qdrnktshnm 
hmots aqZmbg: sgd ghfg/qdrnktshnm bqnrr/lnctkd Zcnosr Z SnqhfhmZk 9 KHgh ) KQ (1 Dcdb Xcdb . —3(
ltbg rlZkkdq oqd/sqZhmdc uhrhnm dmbncdq —uhrtZk dmbncdq ne
DU 1/BKHO/K )24[ hm ntq hlokdldmsZshnm: 9029A oZqZld/ Hm ntq hlokdldmsZshnm: Xbqnrr 9 21: Dbqnrr 9 21: Zmc
sdqr(: Zmc trdr bqnrr/Zssdmshnm ne Z rlZkk ghccdm rhyd sn etrd vd hmgdqhsr Xcdb 9 017: Dcdb 9 21 eqnl BnfUKL/fl6A0
ghfg/qdrnktshnm hlZfd edZstqdr vhsg dudqx kZxdq ne UKKL Ansg ghfg/ Zmc knv/qdrnktshnm dmbncdqr oZsbghex hlZfdr
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fl1
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KH ) KQ KHgh ) KQ (Dcdb Xcdb
chrshmbs hmrsqtbshnmr: Zmc bnudqhmf entq mcqnhc udq/ 9 gh —7(
KHkn ) KQ KHgh Dbqnrr Xbqnrr ) KHkn ) KQ (Dcdb Xcdb
rhnmr —ufl9-fl2(0 Hs Zkrn hmbktcdr dhfgs sxodr ne cduhbdr:
qZmfhmf eqnl Ohwdk 1 WK sn Ohwdk 5: dZbg vhsg cheedq/ KHgh ) KQ KHgh ) KQ ( DDbqnrr
cdb Vcdb
Vbqnrr
9 —8(
dms rbqddm qdrnktshnmr0 HSV bnmrhrsr ne ıud rtardsr. KHkn ) KQ KHgh ) KHkn ) KQ ( DDcdb VVcdb
bqnrr bqnrr
Fnnfkd oor: HmrsZkk: VdaRgnoohmf: FdmdqZk: Zmc Rhm/
fkd0 Sgd rtardsr gZud chrshmbs sZrjr: vghkd Zqd hm sgd ¸ BWrd fi. KHkn . KQ ≪ KHgh 0
rZld cZsZ enqlZs0 DZbg dohrncd —h0d0 Zbshnm rdptdmbd( Fhudm sgZs KHkn hr ltbg rlZkkdq sgZm KHgh : vgdm KQ
bnloqhrdr sgqdd bnlonmdmsr. Z fnZk hmrsqtbshnm oqn/ K
Zkrn rZshrıdr adhmf ltbg rlZkkdq sgZm KHgh : ansg K kn
uhcdc hm mZstqZk kZmftZfd: Z trdq Zbshnm rdptdmbd: Zmc gh

Z bnqqdronmchmf rbqddmrgnsr rdptdmbd0 Zmc KKI adbnld ıqrs/nqcdq rlZkk ptZmshshdr0 He bnm/
gh
ctbshmf Z 9/sg nqcdq ZooqnwhlZshnm enq sgd bnlokdwhsx
r enq rbqddmrgnsr: HSV nmkx oqnuhcdr rbqddmrgns
qdctbshnm eZbsnq: vd nasZhm.
hlZfdr Zmc cndr mns oqnuhcd sqdd/aZrdc qdoqdrdmsZ/
shnmr ne TH0 Sghr hr adbZtrd Z kZqfd onqshnm ne sgdl SnqhfhmZk KHgh 0 ) KKI ( KHgh 0 ) KI Dcdb Vcdb
K gh ( Dbqnrr Vbqnrr
hm RlZqsognmd ZookhbZshnmr Zqd ne knv ptZkhsx nq dudm 9 gh

Shloqnudc KHkn ) KQ KH 0 ) K kn
)KI Dcdb Vcdb
cn mns dwhrs: Zmc Zcnoshmf sgd sqdd/aZrdc qdoqdrdmsZ/ gh K gh Dbqnrr Vbqnrr (
shnm vntkc rsqnmfkx khlhs Zfdmsr= ZookhbZshnmr0 Enq uh/ —fl9(
rtZk Zfdmsr: rbqddmrgnsr Zqd oqnuhcdc sn sgd Zfdmsr hm
KHgh 0 ) KI
( 0 ) KKI ( DDbqnrr
cdb Vcdb

hlZfd enqlZs, enq kZmftZfd/lncdk/aZrdc Zfdmsr duZk/ 9

K gh gh
Vbqnrr
KHkn ) KQ K kn )KI Dcdb Vcdb
tZsdc ax YgZm Zmc YgZmf )32[: sgd sdwstZk qdoqdrdmsZ/ 0 ) K Dbqnrr Vbqnrr
gh
shnmr ne NBQ Zmc hbnmr enqlZssdc hm GSLK rxmsZw Zqd —flfl(
oqnuhcdc0 r enq Zbshnmr: HSV bnmrhcdqr Z uZqhdsx ne
KHgh
Zbshnm sxodr hmbktchmf sZoohmf: rvhohmf: sxohmf: fnhmf ≈ —fl1(
gnld: fnhmf aZbj: dmsdqhmf: dsb0 Enq dZbg Zbshnm: lnc/ KHkn ) KQ
dkr Zqd qdpthqdc sn oqdchbs sgd dwZbs Zbshnm sxod, enq sZo:
¸ BWrd 1. Ntq hlokdldmsZshnm0
rvhod Zmc sxod: lncdkr Zqd etqsgdq qdpthqdc sn oqdchbs
sgd onrhshnm: chqdbshnm: Zmc bnmsdms sn ad sxodc: qdrodb/ Hm ntq hlokdldmsZshnm: Xbqnrr 9 21: Dbqnrr 9 21: Zmc
shudkx0 Sgd cdsZhkdc rsZmcZqc enq bnlotshmf lZsbghmf vd hmgdqhsr Xcdb 9 017: Dcdb 9 21 eqnl BnfUKL/
rbnqdr hr oqnuhcdc hm QZvkdr ds Zk0 )2fl[0 fl6A0 Ansg ghfg/ Zmc knv/qdrnktshnm dmbncdqr oZsbghex
hlZfdr vhsg 03 03/ohwdk oZsbgdr: sgtr KHgh 9 53++:
20 CdqhuWshnm ne bbdkdqWshnm enq Ghfg: KHkn 9 1450 Rtarhstsd sgd uZktdr sn Dp0 —8(: vd nasZhm
Qdrnktshnm Bqnrr:Lnctkd SnqhfhmZk 53++ ) KQ 3 53++ ) KQ (
9 —fl2(
Shloqnudc 145 ) KQ 53++ ) 3 145 ) KQ (
Rtoonrd sgZs KHkn : KHgh Zmc KQ Zqd sgd kdmfsgr ne sgd knv/
qdrnktshnm hlZfd: ghfg/qdrnktshnm hlZfd Zmc sdws rdptdmbdr0 53++ ) KQ
/ —fl3(
Kds Dbqnrr . Dcdb ad sgd mtladq ne Zssdmshnm gdZcr hm bqnrr/ 145 ) KQ
Zssdmshnm Zmc rdke/Zssdmshnm: Zmc Xbqnrr . Xcdb ad sgd chldmrhnm K )KI
ne dZbg Zssdmshnm gdZc0 SgZs hr sn rZx: ntq ldsgnc kdZcr sn Zs kdZrs K
gh
)KI 9
kn
He trhmf ntq ghfg/qdrnktshnm bqnrr/lnctkd: sgd bnlotsZ/ 52++)KI
ZbbdkdqZshnm vghbg hr Z rsqhmfdms knvdq
145)KI
shnmZk bnlokdwhsx ne Zssdmshnm hr antmc0 SZjhmf oqd/sqZhmhmf Zr Zm dwZlokd: vhsg
KQ sxohbZkkx adknv 401 hm dZqkhdq rsZfdr: ntq ghfg/
Shloqnudc 9 KHkn ) KQ (KHgh Dbqnrr Xbqnrr qdrnktshnm bqnrr/lnctkd bZm fds Zm nudq 14 qdctbshnm
 —4(
) KHkn ) KQ (1 Dcdb Xcdb . hm bnlotsZshnmZk bnrs0

fl2
30 OdqenqlWmbd mWkxrhr nm HSV 40 RWlokdr ne Oqd:sqWhm CWsW
mcqnhc hm sgd Vhkc — HSV( cZsZrds hr Z kZqfd/rbZkd cZsZrds RZlokdr ne oqd/sqZhm cZsZ Zqd khrsdc hm sghr rdbshnm: hmbktchmf
enq mcqnhc cduhbd Zfdmsr0 Ntq ZmZkxrhr bdmsdqr nm hm/ cZsZ enq sdws qdbnfmhshnm —Ehf0 4(: uhrtZk fqntmchmf —Ehf0 5(:
rsZmbdr vgdqd sgd Bnf fdms=r qdronmrdr chudqfd eqnl sgd Zmc vdaoZfd/gslk oZhqr —Ehf0 6(0
ZmmnsZsdc fqntmc sqtsg: enbtrhmf nm sgdrd chrbqdoZmbhdr0
Hm ntq ZmZkxrhr: vd bnmctbsdc Z rZlokhmf Zmc lZmtZk
udqhıbZshnm ne bZrdr vgdqd sgdqd vZr Z chrbqdoZmbx adsvddm
sgd lncdk=r qdronmrdr Zmc sgd kZadkdc Zmrvdqr0 Vd rZlokdc
hmrsZmbdr Zmc chrbnudqdc sgZs hm 31’ ne sgdrd: sgd lncdk=r
qdronmrd ZbstZkkx qdoqdrdmsdc Zm ZksdqmZshud bnqqdbs ldsgnc:
qZsgdq sgZm Zm dqqnq0 Sghr ogdmnldmnm hr bnllnm ctd sn sgd
ltkshokhbhsx ne vZxr sn Zbbnlokhrg Z etmbshnm nm Z rlZqs/
ognmd0 Enq dwZlokd: lZmx ognmdr Zqd dpthoodc vhsg ansg
Fnnfkd=r Zoo Zmc Z Fnnfkd rdZqbg aZq: Zmc rdZqbgdr bZm ad
bnmctbsdc trhmf dhsgdq0 Ctqhmf sgd trd ne rlZqsognmdr: gt/
lZm trdqr lZx dwghahs rhltksZmdntr mddcr enq ansg hm/cdosg
dwoknqZshnm Zmc dwsdmrhud aqnvrhmf0 Enq dwZlokd: vgdm
aqnvrhmf mdvr: Bnf fdms lhfgs hcdmshex qdkduZms qdrtksr nm
sgd btqqdms oZfd Zmc rdkdbs sgdl hlldchZsdkx: vghkd rnld
trdqr lZx oqdedq sn rbqnkk sgqntfg sgd dmshqd oZfd ıqrs0 Etq/
sgdqlnqd: sgd cZsZ bnkkdbshnm enq ZmmnsZshnmr lhfgs hmunkud
qdctmcZms nq nudqkx cdsZhkdc rsdor: vgdqdZr Bnf fdms bZm
chqdbskx ımc sgd lnrs deıbhdms oZsg0 Ehf0 3 hkktrsqZsdr sgdrd
sxohbZk dwZlokdr ne ltkshokd bnqqdbs Zmrvdqr0
Fhudm sgd mZstqd ne rlZqsognmd trZfd: vgdqdhm Zbbnl/
okhrghmf Z sZrj nesdm hmunkudr ltkshokd uhZakd oZsgr: hs hr Zc/
uhrZakd enq etstqd rstchdr sn dwoknqd Z uhqstZk dmuhqnmldms
vhsg Zm duZktZshnm ne sgd ZbbtqZbx ne sZrj bnlokdshnm enk/
knvhmf Z rdptdmbd ne Zbshnmr: Zkhfmhmf lnqd bknrdkx vhsg
qdZk/vnqkc gtlZm trZfd rbdmZqhnr0

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Ehftqd 30 HmrsZmbdr hm sgd HSV cZsZrds vgdqd Bnf fdms oqnuhcdr

ZbbtqZsd qdronmrdr sgZs cheedq eqnl sgd ZmmnsZsdc fqntmc sqtsg0
Ehftqd 40 RZlokdr ne oqd/sqZhm cZsZ enq sdws qdbnfmhshnm0

fl3
Ehftqd 50 RZlokdr ne oqd/sqZhm cZsZ enq uhrtZk fqntmchmf0 Ehftqd 60 RZlokdr ne vdaoZfd/gslk oZhqr0

fl4
50 CdsWhkr ne Ehmd:Stmhmf CWsW
50fi0 GtlWm WmmnsWshnm
Sn dmZakd Bnf fdms sn etmbshnm Zr Zm Zfdms nm uZqhntr Zoor
Zmc vdarhsdr: vd Zrrdlakdc Z sdZl ne nudq sdm ZmmnsZsnqr
sn bnkkdbs Zmc kZadk rbqddmrgnsr0 Sn dmrtqd sgd ptZkhsx ne
sgd ZmmnsZshnmr Zmc oqdudms nudqkx rhlokhrshb: gnlnfdmhydc
bnmsdms: sgd ZmmnsZshnm oqnbdrr vZr chuhcdc hmsn svn ogZrdr0
Hm sgd ıqrs ogZrd: ZmmnsZsnqr vdqd qdpthqdc sn hmcdodm/
cdmskx rdkdbs eqnl Z onnk ne Zoor Zmc vdarhsdr: Zmc bZostqd
rbqddmrgnsr ne oZfdr rsqnmfkx qdkduZms sn sgd lZhm etmbshnm
ne sgZs Zoo?vdarhsd: vhsg mn kdrr sgZm 19 rbqddmrgnsr enq
dZbg Zoo?vdarhsd0 Rtardptdmskx: enq dZbg rbqddmrgns: sgd
ZmmnsZsnqr vntkc kZadk sgdl Zbbnqchmf sn sgd enkknvhmf Zr/
odbsr.

fl0 Ehud atssnmr0 Khrs sgd mZldr ne ıud bkhbjZakd atssnmr

eqnl sgd rbqddmrgnsr0 Sgd sxodr ne atssnmr rgntkc ad
chudqrd0

10 Sgqdd bkhbiWakd WqdWr0 Khrs sgqdd bkhbjZakd ZqdZr eqnl

sgd rbqddmrgnsr: d0f0 sdws anwdr: rdZqbg anwdr: bkhbj/
Zakd hlZfdr: gxodqkhmjr: dsb0

20 Svn ptdrshnmr dwsqWbshmf hmenqlWshnm eqnl sgd hl:

Wfd0 rj ptdrshnmr hmunkuhmf sgd sdwstZk hmenqlZshnm
hm sgd hlZfdr0 Enq hmrsZmbd: ”Hm vgZs xdZq chc sgd trdq
hm sgd hlZfd qdfhrsdq!; 0

30 Mmd nodqWshnm qdpthqdldms0 VgZs etmbshnm ne sgd

vdaoZfd?Zoo vntkc xnt trd hm sghr hmsdqeZbd! Enq dw/
Zlokd: Zcchmf sgd bnlldms. ”bnnk“;0 Sgd qdpthqdldms Ehftqd 70 RZlokdr ne gtlZm/bnkkdbsdc rbqddmrgns0
rgntkcm=s ad uZftd rtbg Zr ”Zcchmf bnlldms;0
30 ModqWshnm qdpthqdldms. AZrdc nm sgd oZfd: vqhsd nts
Hm sgd rdbnmc ogZrd: ZmmnsZsnqr Zqd qdpthqdc sn oqn/
sgd rsdor sn bnlokdsd sgd enkknvhmf etmbshnm. Enkknv
uhcd fqntmchmf ZmmnsZshnm enq sgd ptdrshnmr Zmc nodqZshnmZk
sghr Ztsgnq0
ldsgncr oqnonrdc hm sgd ıqrs ogZrd —sgd Zenqdldmshnmdc
oZqsr 2 Zmc 3(0 Enq dwZlokd: enq Ehftqd 7: Z onrrhakd Zm/ mrvdq. Bkhbj nm Rtarbqhadc ))938:715:617:967[[ sn
mnsZshnm vntkc ad. enkknv sghr Ztsgnq0

fl0 Atssnmr. AZbj, RdZqbg, Rtarbqhadc, Gnld, KhaqZqx0

5010 Bnmudqrhnm ne fdms CWsWrdsr
Sn bnmudqs Lhmc1Vda sn mZstqZk kZmftZfd vhsg FOS3: vd
10 BkhbiWakd WqdWr. uZsZq hm sgd lhcckd sno, Uhcdn oqd/ trd sgd enkknvhmf oqnlos.
uhdv hm sgd lhcckd anssnl, OdqrnmZk oqnıkd0

20 Ptdrshnm fi. AZrdc nm sgd oZfd: gnv lZmx enkknvdqr
cndr sghr Ztsgnq gZud!
mrvdq. bbnqchmf sn sgd odqrnmZk oqnıkd Zs sgd sno
))9fl2:457:791:fl77[[: sghr Ztsgnq gZr 3086L enkknvdqr0
Ptdrshnm 1. AZrdc nm sgd oZfd: gnv lZmx uhcdnr gZr
sghr Ztsgnq onrsdc!
mrvdq. bbnqchmf sn sgd odqrnmZk oqnıkd Zs sgd
sno ))9fl2:457:791:fl77[[: sghr Ztsgnq gZr onrsdc 491
uhcdnr0
HlZfhmd sgZs xnt Zqd Z qnans nodqZshmf Z bnlotsdq0
Khjd gnv gtlZmr nodqZsd sgd bnlotsdq: xnt bZm lnud
sgd lntrd: bkhbj vhsg sgd lntrd: nq sxod rnld sdwsr
vhsg sgd jdxanZqc0
††Xntq tkshlZsd sZrj hr. ”Ehmc sgd knvdrs/oqhbdc
qntmc sqho fihfgs vhsg gnsdk nm LZx 1 eqnl JZsglZmct:
MdoZk JSL sn RgZmfgZh: BghmZ OUF Zmc qdstqm nm
LZx 40 Annj Z cntakd qnnl Zmc bgdbj nts vhsg sgd
cdeZtks fihfgsr0;0††

fl5
Xnt Zqd fhudm oqduhntr Zbshnmr. —enqlZs. dkdldms → Sgd qdstqmdc Zmrvdq eqnl FOS/3 vntkc ad.
nodqZshnm(
{ ”okZm;. ”fl0 esdq rdZqbghmf: xnt=kk rdd Z khrs ne fihfgs
fl0 )khmj[ Ekhfgs * Gnsdk → BKHBJ:
Zmc gnsdk oZbjZfdr0 10 Qduhdv sgd qdbnlldmcdc no/
10 )sdwsanw[ Vgdqd eqnl! → SXOD. J SG/
shnmr: trtZkkx ghfgkhfgsdc enq bnmudmhdmbd0 20 Enbtr
L MCT:
nm ımchmf sgd knvdrs oqhbdc noshnm0 Xnt lhfgs mddc sn
20 )chu[ SqhagtuZm Hmsk hqonqs —JSL(: MdoZk →
mZuhfZsd sgqntfg uZqhntr rnqshmf nq ıksdqhmf edZstqdr
BKHBJ:
sn cn sghr0 30 Nmbd xnt=ud entmc sgd knvdrs oqhbdc no/
30 )sdwsanw[ Vgdqd sn! → SXOD. RG MFG H:
shnm: rdkdbs hs sn uhdv lnqd cdsZhkr0 40 Hm sgd cdsZhkdc
40 )chu[ Otcnmf Hmsk hqonqs —OUF(: BghmZ →
uhdv: xnt=kk gZud sn bgnnrd xntq qnnl sxod0 Knnj enq
BKHBJ:
noshnmr sgZs ıs xntq qdpthqdldmsr: khjd Z atrhmdrr cnt/
50 )roZm[ RZs 7 oq / RZs fl4 oq → BKHBJ:
akd qnnl0 50 esdq rdkdbshmf sgd qnnl: oqnbddc sn ı/
60 )bgdbjanw[ 1 LZx 1912 → BKHBJ:
mZkhyd xntq annjhmf0 Sghr lhfgs hmunkud bnmıqlhmf
70 )bgdbjanw[ 4 LZx 1912 → BKHBJ:
xntq bgnhbd Zmc dmsdqhmf Zmx qdpthqdc hmenqlZshnm0 60
Etqsgdqlnqd: xnt ††rdbqdskx†† jmnv sgd enkknvhmf
Qduhdv Zkk sgd cdsZhkr bZqdetkkx adenqd ımZkhyhmf sgd
rsdor ne Zbshnm0 ††—Ats xnt gZud sn oqdsdmc sghr hr sgd
annjhmf sn dmrtqd dudqxsghmf hr bnqqdbs0;:
qdrtks ne xntq cdqhuZshnm Zmc xnt cnm=s jmnv hs ad/
”Zbshnm;. ”Bkhbj sgd =RdZqbg= atssnm sn oqnbddc
enqd(††
vhsg sgd rdZqbg aZrdc nm sgd dmsdqdc bqhsdqhZ0 Sghr ats/
fl0 )atssnm[ RdZqbg → BKHBJ:
snm hr knbZsdc snvZqcr sgd qhfgs rhcd ne sgd rbqddm0;:
10 )atssnm[ Qdbnlldmcdc → BKHBJ:
”nodqZshnm;. ”)atssnm[ RdZqbg → BKHBJ Zs sgd
20 )chu[ Knvdrs Oqhbd → BKHBJ:
anw {”w kdes;. 90765: ”x kdes;. 90297: ”vhcsg;. 90952:
30 )ruf[ → BKHBJ:
”gdhfgs;. 9092{; {
40 )atssnm[ Bgnnrd xntq qnnl → BKHBJ:
50 )atssnm[ Annj Atrhmdrr Cntakd Qnnl →
BKHBJ: 60 Lnqd FdmdqWsdc RWlokdr ne Bnf fdms
60 )ruf[ → BKHBJ: Sn etqsgdq cdlnmrsqZsd sgd bZoZahkhshdr ne Bnf fdms: vd
70 )ruf[ → BKHBJ: oqnuhcd ZcchshnmZk fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr hm sghr rdbshnm0
80 )atssnm[ Bgnnrd → BKHBJ
OkdZrd enqltkZsd Zm nodqZshnmZk fthcd enq etstqd no/
dqZshnmr enq rnkuhmf sgd sZrj0 Sgd fthcd hmbktcdr.
fl0 OkZm. ††ltksh/rsdo etstqd†† okZm sgZs cndr
mns hmunkud knv/kdudk nodqZshnmr ††—rsZqs eqnl btq/
qdms rbqddm Zmc Zbshnm: CNM=S hmbktcd oqduhntr Zb/
shnmr(††, rsdor hmcdwdc ax mtladqr0 ††Ad rtqd sn oqd/
sdmc sgZs xnt cnm=s jmnv sgd etstqd hmsdqeZbd Zmc Zb/
shnmr: Zmc cnm=s jmnv sgd dkdldmsr mns dwhrshmf nm sgd
btqqdms rbqddm0††
10 bshnm. Sgd rodbhıb ††hlldchZsd†† Zbshnm
sgZs mddcr sn ad sZjdm —Bnqqdronmchmf sn sgd†† udqx
mdws Zbshnm†† )atssnm[ RdZqbg → BKHBJ Zs sgd anw
{”w kdes;. 90765: ”x kdes;. 90297: ”vhcsg;. 90952:
”gdhfgs;. 90923{(: vghbg rgntkc ad cdsZhkdc dmntfg sn
chqdbskx bnmsqnk sgd nodqZshnm: rtbg Zr rodbhexhmf sgd
dwZbs knbZshnm —nq anw( sn bkhbj: sgd dwZbs bnmsdms ne
sgd sdws sn sxod: sgd hsdl sn rdkdbs0
††Ntsots EnqlZs.†† IRNM chbshnmZqx rsqhbskx
enkknvhmf sgd enqlZs.
{ ”okZm;. ”000,Xntq OkZm Gdqd/;: ”Zbshnm;.
”000,Xntq bshnm Gdqd/;: ”nodqZshnm;. ”)atssnm[
RdZqbg → BKHBJ Zs sgd anw ”w kdes;. 90765: ”x kdes;.
90297: ”vhcsg;. 90952: ”gdhfgs;. 90923;{ ††OkdZrd cn
mns ntsots Zmx bnmsdms nsgdq sgZm sgd IRNM enqlZs0
Cnm=s ldmshnm dkdldmsr sgZs nmkx ZoodZq hm GSLK Ehftqd 80 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0
rtbg Zr ruf: chu0††

fl6
Ehftqd fl90 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

fl7
Ehftqd flfl0 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

fl8
Ehftqd fl10 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

19
Ehftqd fl20 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

1fl
Ehftqd fl30 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

11
Ehftqd fl40 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

12
Ehftqd fl50 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

13
Ehftqd fl60 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

14
Ehftqd fl70 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

15
Ehftqd fl80 Lnqd fdmdqZsdc rZlokdr ne Bnf fdms0

16