1.

Tata Sons

 Nature of Business: Holding company and promoter of Tata Group companies

 Size of Business:
o Capital Employed: Estimated at over $100 billion in market value
o Number of Employees: Over 750,000 employees across the Tata Group
o Sales Turnover: Tata Group's annual revenue is around $113 billion
 Problems Faced:
o Managing diverse business interests across multiple industries
o Regulatory and compliance challenges in different countries
o Maintaining brand reputation amidst controversies
 Incentive:
  Diversification: The conglomerate structure allows Tata Sons to diversify its
portfolio across various industries, reducing risk exposure.
  Synergies: By having stakes in multiple companies, Tata Sons can leverage
synergies and cross-selling opportunities among its subsidiaries.
  Brand Equity: The Tata brand is highly esteemed in India and internationally,
providing a strong foundation for growth and customer trust.
  Long-Term Vision: Tata Sons is known for its commitment to sustainable
development and social responsibility, aligning with evolving consumer preferences.

 Reason Behind Choice of Form:

 Centralized Management: As a holding company, Tata Sons can exercise strategic

control over its various subsidiaries, ensuring alignment with the group’s overall
vision and values.
 Resource Allocation: Efficient distribution of capital and resources across its diverse
businesses to optimize performance.
 Risk Management: Diversification across industries reduces risk exposure.
 Legacy and Stability: The structure supports the continuity of the Tata brand and its
legacy of ethical business practices.

 Willingness to Expand:

 High: Tata Sons consistently explores new industries and markets, both domestically
and internationally.
 Recent Expansions: Investments in digital services, renewable energy, and strategic
acquisitions such as the acquisition of Air India.
 Future Focus: Growth in technology-driven sectors, sustainability, and global
presence enhancement.

2. Infosys

 Nature of Business: IT Services and Consulting

 Size of Business:
o Capital Employed: Market capitalization around $70 billion
o Number of Employees: Over 259,000 employees
o Sales Turnover: Annual revenue around $16 billion
 Problems Faced:
 o Talent retention and high employee turnover
o Cybersecurity threats
o Competition from global and local IT service providers
 Incentive:
  Innovation Culture: Infosys fosters a culture of innovation and encourages
employees to think creatively, leading to cutting-edge solutions for clients.
  Client Relationships: Strong client relationships and a focus on understanding
client needs drive repeat business and referrals.
  Global Presence: Infosys' global footprint allows it to tap into diverse markets and
talent pools, enhancing its competitive advantage.
  Financial Stability: Consistent financial performance and prudent management
attract investors and provide resources for strategic investments and expansions.

 Reason Behind Choice of Form:

 Scalability: Starting as a partnership allowed close collaboration among founders,

while becoming a public company provided access to capital markets for scaling
operations.
 Innovation: A flexible structure that fosters a culture of innovation and agility in
responding to market changes.
 Global Reach: The corporate structure facilitates international expansion and
partnerships.

 Willingness to Expand:

 Very High: Infosys is continuously investing in new technologies and expanding its
geographical footprint.
 Recent Initiatives: Expansion in areas like AI, cloud computing, and cybersecurity.
Establishment of innovation hubs and development centers globally.
 Future Plans: Continued focus on strategic acquisitions and partnerships to enhance
service offerings and market presence.

3. Wipro

 Nature of Business: IT Services and Consulting

 Size of Business:
o Capital Employed: Market capitalization around $40 billion
o Number of Employees: Over 220,000 employees
o Sales Turnover: Annual revenue around $11 billion
 Problems Faced:
o Intense global competition
o Rapid technological changes requiring constant upskilling
o Managing a large and diverse workforce
 Incentive:
o  Service Portfolio: Wipro's broad service portfolio enables it to offer end-
to-end solutions to clients, increasing cross-selling opportunities and client
retention.
o  Customer-Centric Approach: Wipro prioritizes customer satisfaction and
strives to exceed client expectations, enhancing its reputation and driving
business growth.
 o  Global Reach: A strong global presence allows Wipro to serve clients
across different geographies and industries, diversifying revenue streams and
mitigating risks.
o  Innovation Investment: Wipro invests in research and development to
stay at the forefront of technological advancements, attracting top talent and
driving business innovation.

 Reason Behind Choice of Form:

 Global Operations: The corporate structure supports extensive global operations,

allowing Wipro to serve a diverse client base.
 Service Diversification: Facilitates offering a broad spectrum of IT services and
consulting solutions.
 Market Adaptability: Enables flexibility to adapt to market demands and
technological advancements.

 Willingness to Expand:

 High: Wipro is actively pursuing growth through acquisitions and expanding service
offerings.
 Recent Expansions: Acquisitions of firms like Capco and Ampion to strengthen
capabilities in consulting and cybersecurity.
 Future Strategies: Focus on digital transformation services, cloud computing, and
expanding into emerging markets.

4. KPMG India

 Nature of Business: Accounting and Consulting

 Size of Business:
o Capital Employed: KPMG Global revenues around $30 billion, with
significant contributions from India
o Number of Employees: Over 20,000 employees in India
o Sales Turnover: Revenue in India estimated to be over $500 million
 Problems Faced:
o Regulatory and compliance challenges
o Data privacy and security concerns
o Intense competition from other "Big Four" firms
 Incentive:
  Demand for Services: High demand for audit, tax, and advisory services in India's
growing economy provides a steady stream of revenue for KPMG India.
  Brand Reputation: KPMG's global brand recognition and reputation for quality
services enhance its credibility and attract clients.
  Talent Attraction: Being part of a global network allows KPMG India to offer
diverse career opportunities and access to global resources, attracting top talent.
  Technology Integration: Investing in technology and digital solutions enables
KPMG India to enhance service delivery, improve efficiency, and stay competitive in
the market.

 Reason Behind Choice of Form:

  Shared Management: The partnership model allows for shared decision-making and
management, attracting top talent.
 Risk Sharing: Distributes business risks among partners.
 Client Focus: Promotes a collaborative approach to client service, enhancing client
relationships.

 Willingness to Expand:

 High: KPMG India is continually expanding its service lines and geographic reach.
 Recent Initiatives: Expansion into advisory services such as digital transformation,
cybersecurity, and forensic services.
 Future Direction: Enhancing technological capabilities, increasing presence in Tier-2
and Tier-3 cities, and growing the global delivery network.

5. Deloitte India

 Nature of Business: Accounting and Consulting

 Size of Business:
o Capital Employed: Deloitte Global revenues around $50 billion, with
significant contributions from India
o Number of Employees: Over 50,000 employees in India
o Sales Turnover: Revenue in India estimated to be over $1 billion
 Problems Faced:
o Regulatory compliance and changes in tax laws
o Maintaining quality across diverse services
o Ensuring data security and privacy
 Incentive:
  Service Diversity: Deloitte's wide range of services, including audit, tax,
consulting, and advisory, allows it to address clients' complex business needs
comprehensively.
  Client Trust: Long-standing client relationships and a track record of delivering
value-driven solutions build trust and loyalty, leading to repeat business and referrals.
  Innovation Focus: Deloitte invests in innovation and technology to develop
cutting-edge solutions, enhance service quality, and differentiate itself in the market.
  Thought Leadership: Deloitte's thought leadership initiatives, such as research
reports and industry insights, position the firm as a trusted advisor and industry
leader, attracting clients and talent alike.

 Reason Behind Choice of Form:

 Collaborative Leadership: The partnership structure supports a collaborative

leadership model, promoting a culture of inclusiveness and shared goals.
 Innovation and Growth: Facilitates continuous innovation and growth, leveraging
the expertise of its partners.
 Client-Centric Approach: Enables a client-centric approach, fostering long-term
client relationships.

 Willingness to Expand:
 Very High: Deloitte India is focused on expanding service offerings and market
presence.
 Recent Expansions: Investments in digital technologies, establishment of new
innovation hubs, and strategic partnerships.
 Future Expansion: Focus on emerging technologies, sustainability services, and
expanding in the Asia-Pacific region.