RPH FINAL REVIEWER

Agrarian Reform Law

CARP was the banner of the Corazon Aquino Administration in 1988.
Role of the conquistador which later become an owner of an encommienda (protect the people, educate them,
and build infrastructures)
Oplan Zero Backlog is DAR commitment to achieve zero backlog in 2019 in the resolution of cases in relation to
Agrarian Justice Delivery of CARP.
Rice Tarrification Law of 2019 (RA 11203)
The law replaces the system of quantitative restriction (QR) on rice importation with a purely tariff system. The
Rice Tariffication Law replaced quantitative restrictions on rice imports with tariffs, thus allowing private sectors to
import rice. It aimed to stabilize prices and supply, benefiting Filipino consumers through potentially lower rice prices.

Constitution
The constitution is basically to define the boundaries of powers, establish law and order, organized society and
promote democratic principles.
The Commonwealth Constitution is under the command of Manuel L. Quezon. The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato
is the First Republican Constitution in Asia according to Tucker.
Democracy means heeding the voice of the people. It is the rule of majority.
Civilian authority focuses on the President (civilian) as head or Commander-in-Chief of the AFP and can order it
to defend the state and do other tasks.
Article III focuses on the rights of the accused.
That he cannot be imprisoned without his guilt proven beyond reasonable doubt.
Right on the non-imprisonment for failure to pay debt except when secured by deceit.The Philippines renounces
war as instrument of national policy. We renounce offensive wars but not defensive wars.
TAXATION
R. A. 10963 or Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act of 2017 under PRRD (TRAIN LAW)
It is to simplify the tax system for individuals and business.
Excise tax is tax on privilege like selling piece of property, starting a business, exercising a profession.
Capital Gains Tax is tax imposed on the transfer of real property like sale of a land.
The tribute system is the basis of taxation during the Spanish period.
PEACE PROCESS
E.O. 70 Created the NTF-ELCAC as a whole of Nation Approach in Attaining Inclusive and Sustainable Peace.
The NPA functions as cutting edge of the revolution, primary force of the communist movement and implements
revolutionary taxation.
Cultural studies is meant to create and share meaning.
The term Higaonon means “people living in the high mountains.”
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CULTURAL STUDIES
Cultural Studies is an interdisciplinary field that explores the ways in which culture, society, and power intersect. The
principles of Cultural Studies are often broad and evolving, as the field encourages critical analysis and examination of
various cultural phenomena. Here are some key principles associated with Cultural Studies:

Interdisciplinarity: Cultural Studies draws from various disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, literary theory,
media studies, and more. It seeks to integrate insights from different academic fields to gain a comprehensive
understanding of culture.
Cultural Materialism: Cultural Studies often employs a materialist approach, examining the material conditions and
economic factors that shape cultural phenomena. This involves analyzing how power structures and economic systems
influence cultural production and consumption.
Power and Ideology: Cultural Studies is concerned with the ways in which power operates in society and how
ideologies are constructed and disseminated through cultural practices. It explores how certain groups maintain
dominance while others are marginalized.
Historical Context: Cultural Studies emphasizes the importance of historical context in understanding cultural
phenomena. It examines how cultural practices, beliefs, and representations change over time and are influenced by
historical events.
Representation: The field is concerned with the representation of different social groups in media, literature, and other
cultural forms. This includes analyzing how stereotypes and biases are perpetuated or challenged through cultural
artifacts.
Identity and Difference: Cultural Studies explores how identity is constructed and negotiated within cultural contexts.
This includes studying issues related to race, gender, sexuality, class, and other forms of social difference.
Textuality and Discourse: Cultural Studies analyzes texts broadly defined, including not only written or spoken
language but also images, symbols, and various forms of cultural expression. It examines how meaning is constructed
through discourse.
Cultural Production and Consumption: Cultural Studies looks at both the production and consumption of cultural
artifacts. It explores how cultural products are created, distributed, and consumed, considering the implications for
power dynamics and social relations.
Resistance and Subversion: Cultural Studies acknowledges the potential for resistance and subversion within cultural
practices. It examines how marginalized groups use cultural forms to challenge dominant ideologies and power
structures.
Globalization and Transnationalism: In a globalized world, Cultural Studies examines how cultural flows and
exchanges occur across national boundaries. It considers the impact of globalization on local cultures and identities.

It's important to note that Cultural Studies is a dynamic and evolving field, and scholars may approach these principles
in different ways or emphasize different aspects depending on their specific research interests and methodologies.

LOCAL HISTORY
Local history provides insight how communities adapt and grow through time. CDO became a city on June 15,
1950. Its first mayor was Segundo Gaston. The residence of the Spanish politico-military governors is the casa
real. It is the primary regional and business hub of Northern Mindanao. Mindanao is the second largest island
with Luzon as the first.
Mindanao is considered part of the Philippines under the Quirino-Recto bill.
Review on the role of the gobernadorcillo
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Reasons (2) for the increase of population in CDO during the Spanish period
There are three battles in Cagayan during the American period. Battle of Cagayan, Battle of Agusan and Battle of
Makahambus. Only in the last did we won.
Review on the role of the Cabeza de barangay and the local priest.
There is almost no resistance against Spanish authorities for the Cagay-anons because missionaries helped in
providing aid, shelter and protection from Moro raids particularly from Sultan Kudarat.
Farming is the main livelihood of Cagayan de Oro residents.