Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

16. The diagrams below show the arrangement of atoms or molecules in five
different substances A, B, C, D and E.

Each of the circles , and represents an atom of a different element.

Give the letter of the diagram

which represents:
(i) a mixture of gases;
B [1]
(ii) a single compound.
D [1]

17.The diagram below shows a model of a chemical reaction between two

substances.

How can you tell from the diagram that a chemical reaction took place between
substance P and substance Q?
any one from
* a compound or a new substance has been formed
* R or the product is a new substance
accept ‘the ratio is always 1P to 2Qs’
accept ‘the atoms or particles have joined’
accept ‘the elements have joined’

[2]

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

18.The particles in a solid cannot spread out

Tick () two reasons why particles in a solid cannot spread out. [2]
 The particles are already too far apart.
 The particles in a solid do not move around.
 Solids have a fixed shape.
 Solids can only take on the shape of a container.
 The pressure in a solid is too great.

19. ATOMOS: means

a. Invisible b. Indivisible c. Untouchable d. Unfavorable

20.In the 18th Century, scientists had different ideas about how particles
react.

When metals burn in air,

they lose something to the
air and a powder is formed.

When metals burn in air,

they gain something to the
air and a powder is formed.

Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)

John Dalton (1766-1844)

Imagine you want to investigate the ideas of Dalton and Mendeleev. Write your
plan.
In your plan you must give:
• the one factor you would change as you carry out your investigation (the
independent variable); [1]
* the metal
• one factor you would observe or measure to collect your results (the
dependent variable); [1]
any one from
* the change in the mass of the metal after burning
* the change in the mass of the metal after burning
accept ‘whether the mass of metal increases or decreases or stays the same’
accept ‘weight before and after burning’

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

• one of the factors you would keep the same as you carry out your
investigation (the control variable); [1]
* make sure all the product is weighed
accept ‘starting mass of metal’
accept ‘mass of the metal’
accept ‘enough time for the reaction to occur’
accept ‘sufficient heat for burning to occur’
accept ‘burn the metals for the same length of time’
award a mark for any suitable rigour in the procedure or identification of any
control variable ‘the atmosphere it is heated in’ is insufficient

• the evidence that would support Mendeleev’s idea. [1]

* an increase in the mass following burning for all three metals
accept ‘mass will increase’
accept ‘weight increase’

21. This question is about elements.

(a) Draw straight lines to match the element with its correct chemical
symbol.

[3]
(b) Chlorine gas, salt water and sodium chloride all contain chlorine.
Draw lines from these substances to the correct type of substance.

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

[3]

22. Solids can change state to become gases.

Look at the diagram to show the changes in state.

Name the common factor in processes A and B.

Accept: increase in heat/ energy/ temperature

[1]

23. Look at the information about different atoms.

Use the information above to answer the following questions.

Which two atoms have 10 neutrons in their nuclei?
Flourine and Neon [1]
24. Ernest Rutherford’s work showed that [1]
a. substances exist as atoms.
b. atoms contain electrons.
c. atoms have a nucleus.

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

25. A nucleus with 86 protons and 126 neutrons undergoes alpha decay
(breakdown). What does it form? [1]
a. A nucleus with 90 protons and 124 neutrons
b. A nucleus with 84 protons and 124 neutrons
c. A nucleus with 82 protons and 128 neutrons
26. What do we call atoms with the same atomic number but different mass
numbers? [1]
a. Ions
b. Isotopes
27. Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by [1]
a. the nucleus
b. nuclides
c. empty space or the electron cloud
d. protons

28. Choosing from the following list of words, assign the appropriate labels [A, B,
C, D, E, F, G, or H] to the Figure (can be more than one). The first one is done
for you. [9]

A. Atom E. Substance
B. Molecule F. Element
C. Compound G. Organic
D. Matter H. Inorganic

B, D, G, E
Add [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or H] to the pictures:
A. Atom, B. Molecule, C. Compound, D. Matter,
E. Substance, F. Element, G. Organic, H. Inorganic

D, B, [C, E, G] +1[1.5] D, A, F, [G] +2[0.5] D, B, [C, E, H] +1[1.5]

See next page

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

Continued from previous page

29. Determine the mass of each reactant needed to give the indicated amount of
product. Be sure that the chemical equations are balanced. [9]
Reactants Products

Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) → 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l); 3.8 g of PbSO4

3.8g PbSO4 1 mole PbSO4

X
303.27g PbSO4 = 0.013 moles PbSO4
Mass of Pb (reactant):
0.013 moles PbSO4 1 mole Pb 207.2g Pb
X
2 moles PbSO4
X
1 mole Pb = 1.35 g Pb

Mass of PbO2 (reactant):

0.013 moles PbSO4 1 mole PbO2 239.2g PbO2
X
2 moles PbSO4
X
1 mole PbO2 = 1.55g PbO2

Mass of H2SO4 (reactant):

0.013 moles PbSO4 2 mole H2SO4 98.09g H2SO4
X
2 moles PbSO4
X
1 mole H2SO4 = 1.28g H2SO4

Mass of water H2O (product):

0.013 moles PbSO4 2 mole H2O 18.02g H2O
X
2 moles PbSO4
X
1 mole H2O = 0.23g H2O

1.35 g Pb + 1.55g PbO2 + 1.28g H2SO4 = 3.8 g PbSO4 + 0.23g H2O

4.18 g of reactants = 4.03 g of product (0.15 g margin of error?)
Mass of reactants = Mass of Products
 Law of conservation of Mass

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

30. Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) is a bleaching agent used in the paper industry. It can be
prepared by the following reaction: [6]
2NaClO2(s) + Cl2(g) → 2ClO2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)

a. What mass of chlorine is needed for the complete reaction of 30.5 g

of NaClO2?

30.5 g NaClO2 1 mole NaClO2

X
90.44 g NaClO2 = 0.34 moles NaClO2

Mass of chlorine Cl2 (reactant):

0.34 moles NaClO2 1 mole Cl2 70.9 g Cl2
X
2 mole NaClO2
X
1 mole Cl2 = 12.05 g Cl2

b. Give a general equation for the conversion of ‘x’ grams of sodium

chlorite to chlorine dioxide.
x g NaClO2 1 mole NaClO2 x
X
90.44 g NaClO2 = 90.44
moles NaClO2

Mass of chlorine dioxide ClO₂ (reactant):

x 2 mole ClO₂ 67.45 g ClO₂ x ⨯ 2 ⨯ 70.9 g ClO₂
90.44
moles NaClO2 X 2 mole NaClO X
2 1 mole ClO₂ = 90.44 ⨯ 2

16. The figure below models a famous discovery in the history of the atom. In a few
sentences describe the figure and its significance. Be sure to include:

electrons Alpha particles

a. What was this discovery

b. Who made this discovery
c. What was the experiment
d. What was the expected result and the
observed result
e. And Label the figure

. Concentration of positive charge

[6]
Rutherford's scattering experiment: A scientist called Ernest Rutherford designed an experiment
to test the plum pudding model. A beam of alpha particles was aimed at very thin gold foil and their
passage through the foil detected. The scientists expected the alpha particles to pass straight
through the foil, but some of the alpha particles emerged from the foil at different angles, and some
even came straight back. The scientists realised that the positively charged alpha particles were
being repelled [repel: Push apart] and deflected [deflect: To cause an object to change direction.
The object is 'deflected'.] by a tiny concentration of positive charge in the atom. As a result of this
experiment, the plum pudding model was replaced by the nuclear model of the atom.

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Year 9 Chemistry Final Exam Answers

Crossword Key Questions 1-15:

Bonus: Describe the exercise done in class with the objects shown here. Name six
skills that were used in the exercise. Describe the relationship to the scientific
method. +10
a. Learning outcomes
i. Skills used: discussion, developing an argument, observation,
negotiation and teamwork
ii. ■ Scientists generate scientific theories based on evidence, but they
do not find definitive answers.
iii. ■ Scientific knowledge and ideas change over time and are open to
further revision as our understanding of the world around us evolves.
■ Science is a social and creative activity.

Bonus: +10

DNA is composed of Nucleic acids that basepair together. The monomers of nucleic
acids, called nucleotides, are formed from these units:

A phosphoric acid molecule, H3PO4; A five-carbon sugar; One of 4 nitrogen-containing

organic bases:

Adenine: C5H5N5 Guanine: C5H5N5O Cytosine: C4H5N3O Thymine: C5H5N2O2

Phosphate: PO4 2-deoxyribose: C5H9O4

Calculate the average atomic weight of a DNA basepair: calculated 717.49 amu
Average weight of a DNA basepair (sodium salt) = 650 daltons (amu or u)
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If the human genome is 3.3 x 10 basepairs long, what is the mass of the human
genome in grams?
Molecular weight of a double-stranded DNA molecule = (# of basepairs x 650 daltons)
Total weight of the human genome = 3.3 x 109 bp x 650Da = 2.15 X 1012 Da. One Dalton
is 1.67 x 10-24grams, so the human genome weighs 3.59 x 10-12 grams (10-12 grams is also
known as a picogram)