1. List Industrial robotics applications.

Ans. Industrial robotics applications span various sectors and tasks, enhancing efficiency, precision,
and safety. Here are some key applications:

1. Automated Assembly:
2. Material Handling:
3. Welding:
4. Painting and Coating:
5. Machine Tending:
6. Quality Inspection:
7. Packaging and Palletizing:
8. Material Removal:
9. Logistics and Supply Chain:
10. Food and Beverage Industry:
11. Pharmaceutical and Medical:
12. Textile and Apparel:
13. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing:
14. Construction:

2. Define cloud robots ,Autonomous Robots, cyber physical system, IoRT.

Ans. • Cloud Robots:

• Definition: Cloud robots are robots that leverage cloud computing, cloud storage, and
other internet technologies to perform their functions. They rely on the cloud for
processing power, data storage, and access to software and services.
• Key Features:
o Data Sharing
o Enhanced Processing Power
o Scalability

• Autonomous Robots:

• Definition: Autonomous robots are robots that can perform tasks and make decisions
independently without human intervention. They use sensors, artificial intelligence
(AI), and machine learning to navigate and interact with their environment.
• Key Features:
o Self-navigation
o Decision Making
o Adaptability

• Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS):

• Definition: Cyber-physical systems are systems that integrate computation,

networking, and physical processes. They involve a tight integration of physical
components (mechanical, electrical) and software components (control algorithms,
networking).
• Key Features:
o Real-time Interaction
 o Networked
o Integrated Control

• Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT):

• Definition: The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) refers to the integration of robotic
systems with the Internet of Things (IoT), where robots are interconnected with other
devices and systems via the internet. This allows for advanced levels of data
exchange, coordination, and control.
• Key Features:
o Interconnectivity
o Intelligent Decision Making
o Remote Operation and Monitoring

3. Explain Human-Robot Collaborative Manufacturing.

Ans. Human-Robot Collaborative Manufacturing, also known as collaborative manufacturing

or cobot manufacturing, involves humans and robots working together in a shared workspace
to perform manufacturing tasks. This approach leverages the strengths of both humans and
robots, leading to increased efficiency, productivity, and safety in manufacturing processes.
Here's a detailed explanation:

Key Features

1. Collaboration:
o Shared Workspace: Humans and robots operate in the same physical space,
often without safety cages that traditionally separate them.
o Complementary Roles: Robots handle repetitive, strenuous, or precise tasks,
while humans focus on complex decision-making, quality control, and tasks
requiring dexterity and problem-solving.
2. Safety:
o Safety Systems: Collaborative robots (cobots) are equipped with advanced
sensors and safety systems to detect human presence and avoid collisions.
These include force sensors, vision systems, and emergency stop mechanisms.
o Standards Compliance: Cobots are designed to meet safety standards such as
ISO/TS 15066, which specifies safety requirements for collaborative industrial
robot systems.
3. Ease of Use:
o Intuitive Programming: Cobots often feature user-friendly interfaces and can
be programmed through demonstration or simple graphical interfaces, making
them accessible to workers without extensive robotics expertise.
o Flexibility: Cobots can be easily reprogrammed and reconfigured for different
tasks, allowing for quick adaptation to changing production needs.

Benefits

1. Increased Productivity:
2. Improved Quality:
3. Enhanced Ergonomics and Safety:
4. Cost Savings:
 4.Write a short note on Cognitive Architecture for Cyber-Physical Robotics.

Ans. Cognitive architecture for cyber-physical robotics refers to the underlying framework
that enables robots to perceive, reason, learn, and act intelligently within their environments.
This architecture integrates computational models of human cognition with the physical and
networked components of cyber-physical systems (CPS). The goal is to create robots that can
perform complex tasks autonomously, adapt to new situations, and collaborate effectively
with humans and other systems.

Key Components

1. Perception:
o Sensors and Data Acquisition: Robots are equipped with various sensors
(cameras, LIDAR, tactile sensors) to gather data from the environment.
o Data Processing: Advanced algorithms process this sensory data to create a
coherent understanding of the surroundings, identify objects, and recognize
patterns.
2. Reasoning and Decision Making:
o Knowledge Representation: Robots use structured formats like ontologies
and semantic networks to represent knowledge about the world.
o Inference Mechanisms: Logical reasoning and probabilistic models help
robots make decisions based on their knowledge and current sensory inputs.
3. Learning:
o Machine Learning: Techniques such as supervised learning, unsupervised
learning, and reinforcement learning enable robots to improve their
performance over time by learning from data and experiences.
o Adaptation: Robots can adapt to new tasks and environments by updating
their models and strategies based on feedback.
4. Planning and Action:
o Motion Planning: Algorithms generate efficient and safe paths for the robot
to follow, considering obstacles and goals.
o Task Execution: The robot carries out planned actions using its actuators,
with continuous monitoring and adjustments based on real-time feedback.
5. Human-Robot Interaction:
o Natural Language Processing: Enables robots to understand and respond to
human language, facilitating communication.
o Collaboration Frameworks: Robots are designed to work alongside humans,
understanding human intentions and coordinating actions.
6. Networking and Integration:
o Cyber-Physical Integration: The architecture integrates computational
elements with physical processes, ensuring seamless interaction between the
robot and its environment.
o Cloud and Edge Computing: Utilizes cloud resources for heavy
computational tasks and edge computing for real-time processing close to the
robot.

Benefits

1. Autonomy:
2. Adaptability:
 3. Collaboration:
4. Scalability:

Challenges

1. Complexity:
2. Integration:
3. Safety and Reliability:

5. Explain how industrial robots are used in Manufacturing, Maintenance and Assembling?

Ans. Industrial robots play a crucial role in enhancing efficiency, precision, and safety across
various aspects of manufacturing, maintenance, and assembly processes. Here’s an overview
of how they are utilized in each of these areas:

Manufacturing

1. Material Handling:
o Pick and Place Operations: Robots are used to pick up parts or products
from one location and place them in another, facilitating tasks like sorting and
packaging.
o Palletizing and Depalletizing: Robots stack and unstack products on pallets,
optimizing warehouse operations and reducing manual labor.
2. Welding:
o Arc Welding: Robots perform precise and consistent welds in automotive and
heavy machinery manufacturing.
o Spot Welding: Robots rapidly and accurately weld specific points, commonly
used in car body assembly.
3. Painting and Coating:
o Spray Painting: Robots apply paint uniformly to products, ensuring even
coverage and reducing waste.
o Powder Coating: Robots apply powder coatings, providing a durable finish to
products.
4. Cutting and Machining:
o Laser Cutting: Robots use lasers to cut materials with high precision.
o CNC Machine Tending: Robots load and unload materials into CNC
machines, improving efficiency and reducing cycle times.

Maintenance

1. Predictive Maintenance:
o Condition Monitoring: Robots equipped with sensors monitor the condition
of machinery and equipment, detecting anomalies and predicting failures
before they occur.
o Data Analysis: Robots collect and analyze data, providing insights into
equipment health and maintenance needs.
2. Inspection and Diagnostics:
o Visual Inspection: Robots with cameras and vision systems inspect
machinery for wear, damage, or defects, ensuring early detection of issues.
 oNon-Destructive Testing (NDT): Robots perform ultrasonic, X-ray, or other
non-invasive tests to inspect the integrity of components without causing
damage.
3. Repair and Upkeep:
o Component Replacement: Robots can be programmed to replace worn or
damaged components in machinery, reducing downtime.
o Lubrication and Cleaning: Robots perform routine maintenance tasks like
lubrication and cleaning, ensuring machinery operates smoothly.

Assembly

1. Component Assembly:
o Precision Assembly: Robots assemble small, intricate components with high
accuracy, such as in electronics manufacturing.
o Large-Scale Assembly: Robots handle the assembly of larger components,
such as in automotive or aerospace manufacturing.
2. Screw Driving and Fastening:
o Robots are used to insert screws and fasteners with precise torque control,
ensuring consistent and reliable assembly.
3. Press Fitting and Insertion:
o Robots perform press fitting and insertion tasks, applying the exact amount of
force required for each operation, which is crucial for assembling parts that
require tight fits.
4. Quality Control:
o Vision Systems: Robots equipped with vision systems inspect assembled
products for defects, ensuring high-quality standards.
o Functional Testing: Robots perform tests on assembled products to ensure
they meet functional specifications.

Benefits of Using Industrial Robots

1. Increased Productivity:
2. Enhanced Precision and Consistency:
3. Improved Safety:
4. Cost Savings:

6. What is a robot? draw a neat sketch with proper name and explain the function of each
component?

Ans. Robot Anatomy: Robot anatomy concerns with the physical construction
and characteristics of the body, arm, wrist which are components of the robot
manipulator. Most robots are mounted on a base. The body is attached to the
base and the arm assembly to the body. At the end of arm there is a wrist &
consists of various joints which provides sliding and rotation motion. End
effectors are attached to the wrist that performs the work.
Sketch/Figure:
Robot Structure:
It consist of
1.Arm: The arm is the part of the robot that positions the end effectors and
sensors to do their pre-programmed task.
2. End-effectors: It is designed to perform the task like grasping, transporting,
lifting etc. It also is used to perform operations on work piece.
3. Actuator: An actuator is a device that produces translatory or rotary
movement of the links or makes the freedom possible. These are the drives for
the manipulator, which connects the controller with manipulator.
4. Sensors: They perform two major tasks. One is to collect information about
the different links, arms with their status and other one is to inform controller
about outside environment.
5. Controller: Controller coordinates the movement of the arm. The controller
receives the input data from the computer, controls the actuator motion and
takes the feedback information through various sensors.
6. Drive: The drive is the motor that moves the links into their designated
position.