- Inadequate infrastructure

- High vehicle ownership rates

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## 3. Causes of Transport Congestion

### 3.1 Urbanization and Population Growth

- Rapid urbanization trends
- Impact of population growth on transportation systems

### 3.2 Inadequate Public Transport

- Insufficient public transport infrastructure
- Low frequency and reliability of public transport services

### 3.3 Road Infrastructure Issues

- Poor road design and maintenance
- Lack of proper signage and traffic management

### 3.4 High Vehicle Ownership

- Rising number of private vehicles