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DrAndraleRoux-Kemp-CriminalProcedure-Annual-Survey2015
DrAndraleRoux-Kemp-CriminalProcedure-Annual-Survey2015
THEME OBJECTIVES
This theme aims to explore the functions of political parties in the electoral system,
parliament and government as well as identify the various types of political parties and
discuss reasons for their decline.
Parties and Party Systems
Types of Political Parties
Cadre party: ‘party of notables (elite); informal group of leaders uninterested in mass
org; from factions pre- mass enfranchisement; contemp cadre is highly trained prof
party member offering ideological leadership to masses; strict membership criteria;
CPSU; SACP; Nazi Party etc
Mass party: construct wide electoral base and broad membership; eg European
Socialist parties UKLP & SPD constructed to mobilise WC support; emphasise
recruitment & org over ideology & pol conviction; modern parties ‘catchall’ thus
ideology downplayed; conc on party image & leadership & less on membership &
strong structure
Representative parties: primarily seeking votes; reflect & don’t shape public opinion;
catchall strategy; pragmatism before principle; market research before pop
mobilization Integrative: proactive; mobilse, educate & inspire masses; ideologically
disciplined like cadre parties; eg Socialist parties convert electorate to belief in public
ownership etc; Conservative Party under Thatcher to free market
Party systems
Dominant party systems: Many parties compete for power in regular free elections;
One party likely to win and hold office for extended period; eg Congress Party of India,
ANC and Lib Dem Party of Japan; Pol competition transferred to dominant party as
factionalism; Advantages: stability and predictability; gov can embark on large long
term programme; Disadvantages: erodes state-party distinction and moves towards
one party state; corruption, arrogance, complacency; weak and ineffective opposition
Two party systems: Many parties compete for power but only two are likely to win
office eg UK, USA; Advantages: stability and strength - no coalitions, carry out
manifesto without compromise; accountable – will be voted out of power if does not
implement manifesto; moderation – two parties fight for centre floating vote.
Political spectrum
Left wing: Liberty, equality, fraternity, rights, progress, reform, internationalism,
socialism, communism, common endeavour, state intervention in eco, social
democracy, welfare state
Right wing: Authority, hierarchy, order, duties, tradition, reaction, nationalism, law and
order, conservatism, fascism, capitalism, free market, no state intervention in economy
Reading
• A Heywood: Politics, chapter 13 (4th ed, chapter 10)
• Lecture notes and handouts