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Structural Damping 1401
Structural Damping 1401
Structural Damping 1401
STRUCTURAL DAMPING
Applications in
Seismic Response Modification
Zach Liang
George C. Lee
Gary F. Dargush
Jianwei Song
:ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن
ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻴﻦ
ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪري
ﻧﺸﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪ
ﻧﺎم ﻛﺘﺎب :ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي
Zach Liang/ Gary F. Dargush / Jianwei Song
George C. Lee /
ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن :ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻴﻦ و ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪري
ﺳﺎل و ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﭼﺎپ :اول 1401
ﺷﻤﺎرﮔﺎن 100 :
ﺑﻬﺎ 4000000 :رﻳﺎل
ﺷﺎﺑﻚ 978-622-7315-55-4 :
ﺣﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .
ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ
www.farbook.ir
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ﺗﻬﺮان ،ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن اﻧﻘﻼب ،روﺑﺮوي در اﺻﻠﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان ،ﭘﺎﺳﺎژ ﻓﺮوزﻧﺪه ،ﻃﺒﻘﻪ اول ،واﺣﺪ 419
ﺗﻠﻔﻦ 66410688-66968614 :
ﻋﻨﻮان و ﻧﺎم ﭘﺪﻳﺪ آور :ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي] زاك ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ ...و دﻳﮕﺮان[
ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎﺻﺎﻟﺤﻴﻦ و ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪري.
ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻧﺸﺮ :ﺗﻬﺮان ،ﻧﺸﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪ 1401 ،
ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻇﺎﻫﺮي 655 :ص ،ﻣﺼﻮر ،ﺟﺪول ،ﻧﻤﻮدار
ﺷﺎﺑﻚ 978-622-7315-55-4 :
وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ :ﻓﻴﭙﺎ
ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ :ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻠﻲ Structural damping : application in seismic response modification , c2012 :
ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ :واژه ﻧﺎﻣﻪ
ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ :ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎﻣﻪ
ﻣﻮﺿﻮع :ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺿﺪ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ Earthquake resistant designﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ) ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ( )Damping (Mechanics
ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ اﻓﺰوده :ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ ،زاك
ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ اﻓﺰودهLiang , Zach :
ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ اﻓﺰوده :ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻴﻦ ،ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ، 1365ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ و ﺣﻴﺪري ،ﻋﻠﻲ ، 1365ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ
رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﻨﮕﺮهTA658/44 :
رده ﺑﻨﺪي دﻳﻮﻳﻲ 624/1762 :
ﺷﻤﺎره ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ 9096619 :
اﻃﻼﻋﺎت رﻛﻮرد ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ :ﻓﻴﭙﺎ
ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻴﻦ
زﻳﻨﻲ ،ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮق و اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮدرو ﺳﻤﺖ راﺳﺖ :ﺟﻨﺎب ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻣﻴﺮ
ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ :ﺟﻨﺎب ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻨﻲ ،ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮدرو ،ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎراژ
ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪري
ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢﺑﻪﭘﺪر،ﻣﺎدروﻫﻤﺴﺮﮔﺮاﻣﻲام
ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن
ﺑﺨﺶ اول :ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ
ﻓﺼﻞ اول :ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد و ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ )ﻫﻤﺴﺎز( ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي داراي ﺗﻚ درﺟﻪ آزادي 1 ..............
1,1ﻣﺪل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺧﻄﻲ 1............................... ................................ SDOF
1,1,1ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ 1........................ ................................
1,1,1,1ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ 1.............. ................................ ................................
1,1,1,2ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺪل ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ 3...... ................................ ................................
1,1,1,3ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ و ﻣﺪل ﻣﻮدي 6........ ................................ ................................
1,1,2ﺟﻮاب ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ،ارﺗﻌﺎش زوال آزاد و ﻣﺪل ﭘﺎﺳﺦ 10 ....................... ................................
1,1,3ارﺗﻌﺎش اﺟﺒﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ 17 .... ................................ ................................
1,1,3,1ﭘﺎﺳﺦ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ17 .....................................................................................................................................
1,1,3,2روش ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ18 .............................................................................
1,1,3,4ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﺻﻔﺮ 25 .............................................................................................................
1,1,4ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ زﻣﻴﻦ26 ......................................................................................................................................................
1,1,4,1ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ26 ................................................................................................................................................
1,1,4,2ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ زﻣﻴﻦ29 ............................................................................................................
1,2ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ32 .................................................................................................................................................
1,2,1ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ،ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ32 ...................................................................................................
1,2,1,1ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن 32 ......................................................................................................
1,2,1,2ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺘﺎب35 ...............................................................................................................
1,2,1,3ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اوج ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ 36 .....................................................................................................
1,2,1,4ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ رﺳﻨﺪ 39 .............................................................................
1,2,1,5ﻧﻘﺎط ﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ و ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ40 ................................................................................................................
1,2,1,6ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ42 ......................................................................................................
1,2,2ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ،ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ زﻣﻴﻦ45 ......................................................................................................
1,2,2,1ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﻲ 45 ..........................................................................................
1,2,2,2ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺘﺎب ﻣﻄﻠﻖ53 ...................................................................................................
1,3اﺗﻼف اﻧﺮژي و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ 55 ...............................................................................................................................
1,3,1اﻧﺮژي ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎزاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ56 .................................................................................................................
1,3,1,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز ﺧﻄﻲ56 ................................................................................................................................
1,3,1,2اﻧﺮژي اﺗﻼف ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ56 ...............................................................................................
1,3,1,3ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز ﺧﻄﻲ 57 ....................................................................................
1,3,1,4ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﻲ 59 ..............................................................................................................................................
1,3,2ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻟﺮزه اي60 ................................................................................................................................
1,3,2,1ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي60 ...........................................................................................................................................
1,3,3ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ64 ......................................................................................................................................................
1,3,3,1ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ 65 ...................................................................................................................................
1,3,3,2ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ 66......................................................................................................................................
1,3,3,3ارﺗﻌﺎش اﺟﺒﺎري ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ،اﺗﻼف اﻧﺮژي 67 ....................................................................................................
1,3,3,4ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ69 ..................................................................................................................
1,4ﺧﻼﺻﻪ70 ....................................................................................................................................................................
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ و ﻣĤﺧﺬ 71 ..............................................................................................................................................................
ﻓﺼﻞ دوم :ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ دﻟﺨﻮاه73 ................................................
2,1ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻳﻮدﻳﻚ73 ..........................................................................................................................................
2,1,1ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻳﻮدي74 .....................................................................................................................................
2,1,1,1ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﭘﺮﻳﻮدي74 ................................................................................................................................................
2,1,2ﺳﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ76 ..............................................................................................................................................
2,1,2,1ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ76 ................................................................................................................................................
2,1,3ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ80 ......................................................................................................................................
2,1,3,1ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﻫﺎ 81 ........................................................................................................................
2,1,3,2ﺳﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ82 ..........................................................................................................................
2,1,4ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ86 ..........................................................................................................................................
2,1,4,1ﺧﻄﻲ ﺳﺎزي ﺳﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ 88 .................................................................................................................
2,1,4,2ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺳﺎزه اي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ 88 ..................................................................................................................
2,1,4,3ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﺧﺸﻚ90 ............................................................................................................................
2,1,4,4ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ 95 ................................................................................................................
2,1,5ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻳﻮدي100 .....................................................................................................................
2,1,5,1ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻠﻲ 100 ..................................................................................................................................................
2,1,5,2ﭘﺎﺳﺦ nاﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ100 .............................................................................................................
2,1,5,3ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ101 ..............................................................................................................................................
2,2ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ102 ...........................................................................................................................................
2,2,1ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ 102 ...................................................................................................................................
2,2,2ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ 102 ..................................................................................................................................................
2,2,2,1ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ :ﻳﻚ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ103 ...................................................................................
.2,2,3ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻻﭘﻼس :ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﺮاﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﺪﺑﻴﻞ ﻻﭘﻼس :ﻳﻚ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ 105 ..................................................
2,2,4ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي 106 .............................................................................................................................................
2,2,5ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻛﻠﻲ و اﻧﺘﮕﺮال دوﻫﺎﻣﻞ108 ...................................................................................................................
2,2,5,1اﻧﺘﮕﺮال ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﺷﻦ )ﻫﻤﺘﺎﺑﻲ(108 ..................................................................................................................
2,2,6ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ واﺣﺪ111 ......................................................................................................................
2,2,7اﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ اﻧﺘﮕﺮال ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﺷﻦ )ﻫﻤﺘﺎﺑﻲ(113 .........................................................................................................
2,3ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ113 .........................................................................................................................................
2,3,1ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ114 .......................................................................................................................................
2,3,1,1ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ،اﻧﺘﻈﺎر رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺗﻲ117 ...........................................................................................................
2,3,1,2ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ و ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ119 .............................................................................................................
2,3,1,3اﻧﺤﺮاف اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ رﻳﺸﻪ120 .................................................................................
2,3,2ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ121 ..............................................................................................................................................
2,3,2,1ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ121 ................................................................................................................
2,3,2,2ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺮي آﻣﺎري 122 .............................................................................................................................
2,3,3ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻫﻤﺴﺒﺘﮕﻲ و ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ 125 ........................................................................................
2,3,3,1ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ 125 ....................................................................................................................................
2,3,3,2ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ129 .........................................................................................................................
2,3,4ﻫﻤﺴﺒﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻴﺮوﻳﻲ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ137 .....................................................................................
2,3,5روش اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ 141 ............................................................................................
2,4ﭘﺎﺳﺦ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ 141 ..................................................................................................... SDOF
2,4,1ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ142 .....................................................................................................................................................
2,4,2ﻃﻴﻒ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ145 .................................................................................................................................................
2,4,3ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ :ﺑﺮش ﭘﺎﻳﻪ155 ......................................................................................
2,4,3,1ﺷﺘﺎب ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻃﻴﻔﻲ 159 ......................................................................................................
2,5ﺧﻼﺻﻪ160 .................................................................................................................................................................
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ و ﻣĤﺧﺬ 161 ...........................................................................................................................................................
ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم :ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ آزادي 163 .......................
3,1ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي MDOFﻣﻴﺮاﻧﺸﺪه163 ..................................................................................................................
1,1,3ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي وﻳﮋه ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﻧﺸﺪه ﺧﻄﻲ163 .....................................................................................
3,1,1,1ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺎﻛﻢ163 ..........................................................................................................................................
3,1,1,2ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻮدي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت آزاد165 .....................................................................................................................
3,1,1,3ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ وﻳﮋه 167 ..........................................................................................................................
2,1,3ﺑﺤﺚ اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮدارﻫﺎ و ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻫﺎ169 ....................................................................................
1,2,1,3ﺑﺮدار 169 ............................................................................................................................................................
2,2,1,3ﻧﺮم ﺑﺮداري169 .................................................................................................................................................
3,2,1,3ﺑﺮدارﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ 171 ......................................................................................................................................
4,2,1,3ﺑﺮدار واﺣﺪ171 ..................................................................................................................................................
5,2,1,3ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﺮداري173 ............................................................................................................................................
6,2,1,3اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺧﻄﻲ 173 ..........................................................................................................................................
3,1,3ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن و ﺧﺎرج ﻗﺴﻤﺖ راﻳﻠﻲ175 ....................................................................................................
1,3,1,3ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي وﻳﮋه ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن175 ................................................................................................
2,3,1,3ﺧﺎرج ﻗﺴﻤﺖ راﻳﻠﻲ 177 ................................................................................................................................
3,2ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ) MDOFﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ آزادي( ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه 180 ............................................................
3,2,1ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮدال و روﻧﺪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ180 .......................................................................................................................
3,2,1,1ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي MDOFﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه180 .................................................................................
3,2,1,2ﻣﺠﺰا ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻪ روش ﺧﺎرج ﻗﺴﻤﺖ رﻳﻠﻲ181 .............................................................................................
3,2,1,3ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ روش اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺧﻄﻲ183 ...................................................................................................................
3,2,2ارﺗﻌﺎش زوال -آزاد 185 .......................................................................................................................................
3,3ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻣﻮدي و ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺳﺎزي 189 ......................................................................................................................
3,3,1ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻣﻮدي189 ................................................................................................................................
3,3,2ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻮدي 191 ...................................................................................................................................
3,3,2,1ﺗﺌﻮري ﺷﺎﺧﺺ )اﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺗﻮر(191 .....................................................................................................................
3,3,2,2واﻗﻌﻲ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ 193 .........................................................................................................................
3,3,3ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻧﻬﻲ ﻣﻮدال ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺷﺪه194 ...........................................................................................
3,3,3,1روﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ194 .............................................................................................................................................
3,3,4ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي اوج 203 ..............................................................................................................................................
3,4ﺑﺮش ﭘﺎﻳﻪ و ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ205 ...............................................................................................................................
3,5ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮد 207 ..........................................................................................................
3,5,1ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ207 ............................................................................................................................................
3,5,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮد 210 ........................................................................................................................................
3,6ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺪه213 ................................................................................................
3,6,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ راﻳﻠﻲ213 ..................................................................................................................................................
3,6,2ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ 213 ........................................................................................................................................Caughey
3,6,3اﺻﻼح ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ 215 ...........................................................................................................................Caughey
3,6,4ﻣﻮدﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺶ ﻓﻮق ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه216 .....................................................................................................................
3,6,5ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ216 .............................................................................................................
3,6,5,1ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ218 ...................................................................................................
3,7ﺧﻼﺻﻪ218 .................................................................................................................................................................
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ و ﻣĤﺧﺬ 219 ...........................................................................................................................................................
ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم :ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ آزادي ) (MDOFﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ221 ...........................
4,1ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺎﻟﺖ و ﺣﻞ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ222 ..................................................................................................................
4,1,1ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وﻳﮋه222 ......................................................................................................................
4,1,1,1ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺎﻟﺖ222 ..........................................................................................................................................
4,1,2ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﻮدي 228 .....................................................................................................................
4,1,3اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺧﻄﻲ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ231 ..................................................................................................................
4,1,4روش ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ235 ...................................................................................................................................
4,1,5راه ﺣﻞ ﻫﺎي دوﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮدي243 ............................................................................................................
4,1,5,1ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻮدي243 ..............................................................................................................................................
4,1,5,2روش ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ244 ..........................................................................................................................
4,2ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ250 .....................................................................
4,2,1ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ 250 ..............................................................................................................
4,2,2ﺧﻼﺻﻪ راه ﺣﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ 251 ...................................................................................
4,2,3ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮدال ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ 255 .........................................................
4,3زﻳﺮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه256 .....................................................................................................................
4,3,1ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻮق ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه256 ...................................................................................................................
4,3,2ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي زﻳﺮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻮق ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه 262 ...........................................................................
4,3,2,1ﻣﻘﺪار ﻃﻴﻔﻲ 262 ..............................................................................................................................................
4,3,2,2ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻮق ﻣﻴﺮاﺷﺪﮔﻲ 263 ..............................................................................................................................
4,4ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﻃﻴﻒ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ267 ...................................................................
4,4,1روش دوﻣﻴﻦ-n ،ﻓﻀﺎ و آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ269 ....................................................................................
4,4,2راه ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮدال در ﻓﻀﺎي -nﺑﻌﺪي271 ............................................................................................................
4,4,3ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻮدي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﺷﺪه 276 ..................................................................................
4,5ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻣﻮدي و ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻮدال277 ....................................................................................................................
4,5,1ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ روي ﻣﻮد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ277 .............................................................................................................................
4,5,1,1ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮدي277 ...............................................................................................................................
4,5,1,2ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻮدي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ279 ..............................................................................................................................
4,5,2ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻣﻮدي281 ...............................................................................................................................
4,5,2,1ﻣﻮدﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﺷﺪه 282 ..................................................................................................................
4,5,2,2ﻣﻮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﺷﺪه282 .....................................................................................................................
4,5,2,3زﻳﺮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه284 .............................................................................................................
4,5,3ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻮدي 284 .................................................................................................................................
4,5,3,1ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮم ﻣﻮدي284 ....................................................................................................................................
4,5,3,2ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮدال اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ288 ...............................................................................................................
4,5,4ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻮدي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﺷﺪه291 ............................................................................................
4,5,4,1ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮدي ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ 292 ...................................................................................................
4,5,4,2ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ 296 .................................................................................................
4,6ﺧﻼﺻﻪ303 .................................................................................................................................................................
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ و ﻣĤﺧﺬ 304 ...........................................................................................................................................................
ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ :اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ 305...........................................................................................
5,1ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎزي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ 305 ..............................................................................................................................................
5,1,1دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ306 .......................................................................................................................
5,1,1,1ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ306 ..............................................................................................................
5,1,1,2ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ308 .......................................................................................................................
5,1,1,3ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ دو ﺧﻄﻲ310 .......................................................................................................................................
5,1,1,4ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ زﻳﺮﺧﻄﻲ312 .......................................................................................................................................
5,1,2ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي )315 .....................................................................(MDOF
5,1,2,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺷﻨﻜﻮ 316 ....................................................................................................................................
5,1,2,2ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮو322 ....................................................................................................................
5,2ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ،اﺗﻼف اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺑﺎزاي ﻫﺮ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ 324 ........................................................................
5,2,1اﺗﻼف اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ،ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ324 ......................................................................................
5,2,2ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ اﺗﻼف ،ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﺎر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻟﺮزه اي326 .................................................
5,2,2,1ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻛﺎر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻟﺮزه اي ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ326 ...................................................................
5,2,2,2ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ330 .........................................................................................................
5,2,3ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ331 ...............................................................................................................................................
5,2,4ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ333 .............................................................................................
5,3ﺗﻈﺎﺑﻖ )ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري( ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ334 ...............................................................................................................................
5,3,1ﻣﻔﻬﻮم وﻓﻖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ334 .........................................................................................................................
5,3,2ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ338 ..................................................................................................................................
5,4ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل339 ..........................................................................................................................
5,4,1ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ339 .....................................................................................................
5,4,1,1ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ 339 ............................................................................
5,4,1,2ﺿﺮورت ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻓﺰوده342 ......................................................................................................
5,4,2ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ346 .........................................................................................................................
5,5ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ348 .....................................................................................................................
5,5,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﮔﺮا348 ................................................................................
5,5,1,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ 349 .................................................................................................................................
5,5,1,2ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺮﻛﺰ -ﮔﺮا351 .......................................................................................................................
5,5,1,3راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ 352 ...................................................................................................................
5,5,2ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ و دﻣﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎ354 .................................................................................................................
5,5,2,1اﺛﺮ ﺧﻮد -ﻣﺮﻛﺰﮔﺮاﻳﻲ354 ..............................................................................................................................
5,5,2,2ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ و واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎ354 .........................................................................................
5,5,3ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ356 ......................................................................................
5,5,3,1ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎزي356 ....................................................................................................................................................
5,5,3,2ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ359 .........................................................................................................................................................
5,5,3,3ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺖ )ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ( ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ363 .......................................................................................
5,5,3,4ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ 365 ....................................................................................................................................
5,5,4ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ 371 ..................................................................................................................................................
5,6ﺧﻼﺻﻪ374 .................................................................................................................................................................
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ و ﻣĤﺧﺬ 374 ...........................................................................................................................................................
ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ :ﻋﺪم ﺧﻄﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ 377.............................................
6,1ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ377 ....................................................................................................................................
6,1,1دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ377 ....................................................................................................................
6,1,1,1ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ379 .................................................
6,1,1,2دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ383 ................................................................................................................
6,1,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﺪاول 383 ...................................................................................................................................
6,1,2,1دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ 383 ..................................................................................................................................
6,1,2,2اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ386 ...................................................................................................................................
6,1,2,3ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ 392 .......................................................................................................................................
6,1,2,4ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺧﻄﻲ )499 .................................................................................................. (SDOF
6,1,3ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي )402 ........................................................................(MDOF
6,1,3,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ402 ...........................................................................................................................
6,1,3,2اﻳﺪه ﻛﻠﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ402 ......................................................................................................
6,1,4ﺳﺎزه ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ :روش ﺳﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه404 .........................................................................
6,1,4,1ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ404 ......................................................................................................
6,1,4,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻳﻮد405 .............................................................................................................................................
6,2ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ) (MDOFﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ406 ............................................................................................................................
6,2,1ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ406 .........................................................................................................................................
6,2,1,1اﺛﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﺎزه اي406 ............................................................................................................................
6,2,1,2ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ راﻳﺞ408 ...............................................................................................................................................
6,2,2ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ 409 ................................................................................................................................................
6,2,3ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻤﻲ در ﭘﻼن410 .........................................................................................................................................
6,2,3,1ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزه410 ..............................................................................................................................
6,3,2,2آﺛﺎر ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ412 ................................................................................................................................................
6,2,4ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ413 ...............................................................................................................................................
6,2,4,1ﺳﺨﺘﻲ-ﺟﺮم ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ،ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ413 .....................................................................................................
6,2,5ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ417 ..............................................................................................
6,2,6ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ 418 ...................................................................................................
6,3ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ419 .....................................................................................................................
6,3,1ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ اﻧﺮژي راﻳﺞ 419 ...........................................................................................
6,3,1,1ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮدن اﻧﺮژي ﭘﺎﻳﺴﺘﺎر419 ...................................................................................................................
6,3,2ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ422 ......................................................................................................
6,4ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ422 ......................................................................................................
6,4,1ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ 423 ......................................................................................................................................
6,4,1,1ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﺎر ﻟﺮزه اي و اﻧﺮژي423 ...........................................................................................................
6,4,1,2ﺧﻼﺻﻪ اي از اﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ429 .....................................................................................
6,4,1,3ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ اﻧﺮژي در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ432 ...................................................................................................
6,4,1,4ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ434 .......................................................................................................................
6,4,2ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ435 ............................................................................................
6,4,2,1اﺗﻼف اﻧﺮژي در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ 435 ..............................................................................................
6,4,2,2ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ440 ............................................................................................
6,4,2,3ﻗﺎﻧﻮن 0,65و ﺛﺎﺑﺖ 440 .............................................................................................................Penzien
6,4,2,4ﻃﻴﻒ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ 444 .........................................................................................................................................
6,4,3ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮاﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺑﺰرگ444 .......................................................................................
6,4,3,1ﺳﺎزه ﻏﻴﺮاﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ444 ......................................................................................................
6,4,3,2ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ445 ...............................................................................................................
6,4,3,3اﺗﻼف اﻧﺮژي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز و دو ﺧﻄﻲ446 ................................................................................
6,4,3,4ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮاﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز 448 .....................................................
6,4,3,5ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ اﻧﺤﺮاف دار ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮاﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ448 .................................................................................
6,4,3,6ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻧﻴﺮو-ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮاﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ450 .................................................................................
6,5ﺧﻼﺻﻪ452 .................................................................................................................................................................
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ 452 ..........................................................................................................................................................................
ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮم :ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻲ 455 ........................................................................................
ﻓﺼﻞ :7ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ 457 ................................................................................................
7,1ﻣﺮور روش ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ457 ..................................................................................................................................
7,1,1ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ457 ...............................................................................................................................................
7,1,2روش ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ458 .........................................................................................
702روش ﺳﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي 461 ........................................................................................ MSSP
7,2,1ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻠﻲ 461 ...................................................................................................................................................
7,2,2اﻣﻜﺎن ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ 462 .....................................................................................................................
7,2,3ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي SDOFو 462 ............................................................................................................... MSSP
7,2,4روﻧﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ 463 .........................................................................................................................................
7,2,4,1ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه اوﻟﻴﻪ463 .........................................................................................................
7,2,4,2ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ469 ................................................................................................
7,2,4,3ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ470 .....................................................................................................................................
7,3روش ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي MDOFﻣﻴﺮاﺷﺪه ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ477 ........................................................................................
7,3,1ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ 477 ..................................................................................................................................................
7,3,2ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮدي478 .........................................................................................................................
7,3,3روﻧﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ478 ....................................................................................................................................
7,3,3,1ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ478 .....................................................................................................
7,3,3,2ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ483 ................................................................................................
7,3,3,3اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ483 ...........................................................................................................................................
7,4ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه489 ............................................................................................................
7,4,1ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه489 ...............................................................................................
7,4,2روﻧﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ 489 .........................................................................................................................................
7,4,2,1ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ490 ..................................................................................................
7,4,2,4ﺑﺎزﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ496 ...................................................................................................................
7,4,2,5اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ496 ...........................................................................................................................................
7,5ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ498 .....................................................................................................................................
7,5,1ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ )498 ...............................................................................(Supporting Stiffness
7,5,1,1اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ 498 .........................................................................................................................................
7,5,2اﺻﻼح ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﻴﻤﻮﺷﻨﻜﻮ501 ......................................................................................................................
7,5,3اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ،ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري501 ............................................................................................
7,5,3,1ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻳﻤﻦ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ )502 .............................................................(Fail-safe System
7,5,3,2ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ در ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎ 502 .................................................................................................................
7,5,3,3ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ503 ..........................................................................................................................
7,5,3,4ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ 505 .........................................................................................................
7,5,3,5ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ506 ............................................................................................................................................
7,5,3,6ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري 509 ...................................................................................................
7,5,4ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻋﺪدي 509 ..................................................................................................................................
7,5,4,1ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻋﺪدي 509 ............................................................................................................B
7,5,4,2اﺻﻼح ﻃﻴﻒ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﭘﺮﻳﻮد 511 .....................................................................................
SRSS 7,5,5اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه516 .......................................................................................................................................
7,5,5,1ﺷﺘﺎب ﻣﻄﻠﻖ517 ..............................................................................................................................................
7,5,5,2ﻣﻮدﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻗﺺ518 ...........................................................................................................................................
7,6آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ 518 ......................................................................................................................
7,7ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ519 ...............................................................................................
7,7,1ﮔﺎم ﻋﻤﺪه ) (1ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي519 .....................................................................................................................
7,7,2ﮔﺎم ﻋﻤﺪه ) (2ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮدي520 ......................................................................................................................
7,7,3ﮔﺎم ﻋﻤﺪه ) (3ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ523 ......................................................................................................................
7,7,4ﮔﺎم ﻋﻤﺪه ) (4ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل523 .................................................................................................................
7,7,5ﮔﺎم ﻋﻤﺪه ) (5ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ 523 .......................................................................................................
7,7,6ﮔﺎم ﻋﻤﺪه ) (6ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻃﺮح ،ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ،ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﻞ 524
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ 526 ..........................................................................................................................................................................
ﻓﺼﻞ :8ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ 527 .......................................................................................................
8,1ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ527 .......................................................................................................................................................
8,1,1ﺷﺮط اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ528 .................................................................................................................
8,1,1,2ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ528 .............................................................................................................................................
8,1,1,3ﻧﻮع ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ528 ...............................................................................................................................
8,1,1,4ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزه اي 529 ........................................................................
8,1,1,5ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺳﺎزه اي529 .............................................................................................................................
8,2اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ 530 .......................................................................................................................................................
8,1,2اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ530 ...................................................................................................................................................
8,1,2,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ دو ﺧﻄﻲ530 .......................................................................................................................................
8,1,2,2ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ زﻳﺮﺧﻄﻲ531 .......................................................................................................................................
8,1,2,3ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ دو ﺧﻄﻲ و زﻳﺮﺧﻄﻲ532 ........................................................................
8,1,2,4ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ532 ......................................................................................................................................
8,1,3روش ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ 532 .......................................................................................................................................
8,1,3,1ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل533 .....................................................................................................................
8,1,3,2ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ533 ..............................................................................................................................
8,2روش ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي دو ﺧﻄﻲ533 .......................................................................
8,2,1ﺷﺮح ﻛﻠﻲ534 .......................................................................................................................................................
8,2,1,1اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ534 ......................................................................................................................
8,2,1,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و دور اول ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ534 .....................................................................................
8,2,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ542 .................................................................................................................................................
8,2,2,1ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ 542 ...........................................................................................................................................
8,2,2,2ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ546 .................................................................................................................................
8,2,3ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ 546 ..............................................................................................................................................
8,2,3,1ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي 546 .............................................................................................................................. SDOF
8,2,3,2ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي 550 ............................................................................................................................MDOF
8,2,3,3ﺧﻼﺻﻪ551 ........................................................................................................................................................
8,2,4ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ 552 ................................................................................................................................
8,2,4,1ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ552 ...................................................................................................................................
8,2,4,2اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي دو ﺧﻄﻲ556 .................................................................................................................
8,3روش ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي زﻳﺮﺧﻄﻲ 556 .......................................................................
8,3,1ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ556 ....................................................................................................................................................
8,3,1,1ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و دور اول ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ557 .............................................................................................
8,3,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ558 .................................................................................................................................................
8,3,2,1ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮد558 ................................................................................................................................
8,3,2,2ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ558 .................................................................................................................................
8,3,2,3ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎده ﺷﺪه562 .....................................................................................................................
8,3,3ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ 563 ..............................................................................................................................................
8,3,3,1ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي :SDOFﻣﻮد ﻣﻮﺛﺮ563 ............................................................................................................
8,3,3,2ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي 570 ............................................................................................................................MDOF
8,3,4ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ 572 ................................................................................................................................
8,4روش ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي زﻳﺮﺧﻄﻲ572 .................................................................................
8,4,1ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ 572 ..................................................................................................................................................
8,4,1,1ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ572 ..........................................................................................................
8,4,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ572 .................................................................................................................................................
8,4,2,1درون ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ575 .............................................................................................................................
8,4,2,2ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي 577 ............................................................................................................................MDOF
8,4,3ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ 578 ..............................................................................................................................................
8,5روش ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي دو ﺧﻄﻲ 583 ................................................................................
8,5,1ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ 583 ..................................................................................................................................................
8,5,1,1ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ و ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮاﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ 583 ............................................................................................
8,5,1,2ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن584 ..............................................................................................................................
8,5,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ587 .................................................................................................................................................
8,5,2,1ﻣﺮور587 .............................................................................................................................................................
8,5,2,2ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﻴﻒ دو ﺧﻄﻲ 588 ..............................................................................................
8,5,2,3ﻃﻴﻒ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دو ﺧﻄﻲ589 ...........................................................................................................................
8,5,3ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ 603 ..............................................................................................................................................
8,6ﺧﻼﺻﻪ605 .................................................................................................................................................................
8,6,1ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ606...................................................................................................................................
8,6,2ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ606.....................................................................................................................................
8,6,3ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ606..............................................................................................
8,6,3,1ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ 606........................................................................................................... SDOF
8,6,3,2ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻣﻮدي 607 ....................................................................................................
8,6,3,3ﺗﻜﺮار ﺳﻌﻲ و ﺧﻄﺎ607 ....................................................................................................................................
8,6,4اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ607 ................................................................................................................................
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ و ﻣĤﺧﺬ 608 ...........................................................................................................................................................
واژه ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ )اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ(609 ..............................................................................................................
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن:
ﻛﺘﺎب ﭘﻴﺶ رو از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺎزه و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب
در اول در ﺣﺪود 20ﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت 3ﺟﻠﺪي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه Buffaloدر NCEER
ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد و ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺳﺎل 2012ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ از آن ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ.
در ﺳﺎل 2012اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ 3ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺧﻮد داﺷﺖ .اﻵن
ﻛﻪ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺎل 2022ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﺣﺪود 10ﺳﺎل از اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬرد ،اﻣﺎ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ
ﺷﺪن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد ،زﻳﺮا اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﻄﻖ رﻳﺎﺿﻲ و ﮔﺮدآوري ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده
دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺎزه و زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه و ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮي از آن ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺟﺎﻟﺐ آﻧﻜﻪ اﮔﺮ
ﻣﺎ آﻧﺮا ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﺮدﻳﻢ ،ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮاغ آن ﻧﻤﻴﺮﻓﺖ! ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﭼﻴﺰي در ﺣﺪود 17ﻣﺎه ﻃﻮل
ﻛﺸﻴﺪ و اﻳﻦ اﻓﺘﺨﺎر را دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ و ﻣﻜﻤﻞ در ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻼﻗﻪ
ﻣﻨﺪان رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺳﺎزه را ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ و ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺣﻀﻮر دوﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب در واﻗﻊ
ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ
آن ﻣﻔﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ.
اﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه و وﻳﺮاﺳﺘﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب در ﺳﻄﺢ و ﺗﺮاز اول ﺟﻬﺎن در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ
ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ .دﻛﺘﺮ George C. Leeاﺳﺘﺎد ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ،SUNYدﻛﺘﺮ
Gary F. Dargush ، Zach Liangو Jianwei Songاﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه Buffaloو دﻛﺘﺮ
Franklin Chengﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ وﻳﺮاﺳﺘﺎري اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ،اﻳﺸﺎن اﺳﺘﺎد ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ،ﻣﺤﻘﻖ و
ﻣﻮﻟﻒ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺎزه ،زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻲ اﺳﻢ اﻳﺸﺎن ،ﻣﻘﺎﻻت
و ﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ اﻳﺸﺎن را ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺎً ﺷﻨﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ .اﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺌﻮري و ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺣﻖ ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ
ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت زﻳﺎدي را ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم داده و ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ.
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات CRCﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺎزه و
زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ را ﭼﺎپ و ﻧﺸﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ دﻫﺪ.
ﻛﺘﺎب ﭘﻴﺶ رو از 3ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ،اﺻﻮل و راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ
ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻲ )ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ( ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻛﺘﺎب از 8ﻓﺼﻞ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ
ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺼﻮل زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد:
ﻓﺼﻞ :1ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد و ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ )ﻫﻤﺴﺎز( ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي داراي ﺗﻚ درﺟﻪ آزادي ،ﻓﺼﻞ :2ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ
ﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ دﻟﺨﻮاه ،ﻓﺼﻞ :3ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ
آزادي ،ﻓﺼﻞ :4ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ آزادي ) (MDOFﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ،ﻓﺼﻞ :5اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ
ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ ،ﻓﺼﻞ :6ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ،ﻓﺼﻞ :7ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ،
ﻓﺼﻞ :8ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ
ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ دارد،
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎن ﻓﻮق ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻧﺲ و دﻛﺘﺮي ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ و ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪان ﮔﺮاﻣﻲ ،ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ روي دروس
رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ،ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺴﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ ،دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن
ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ،ﺑﻬﺮه ﻻزﻣﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ .ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب از ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﺘﺮم
ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دﻳﻜﺸﻨﺮي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب را دارﻳﻢ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم
ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻋﺒﺎراﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎزي آﻧﻬﺎ در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ آﺷﻨﺎ
ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ و از ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﻜﺎﻫﺪ.
در اﻳﻦ 7ﺳﺎل ،ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺗﻠﮕﺮاﻣﻲ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻟﺮزه اي ،ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ )ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ( اﻧﺮژي و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت
ﺑﻪ آدرس @Seismicisolationﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از 15700ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ روز در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز ﻟﺮزه اي و
ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي اﻧﺮژي ،ﺳﺎزه ،زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺻﻞ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ و ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي
ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب در آن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﺮم ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ
ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ،در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﻮد ،ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ در دﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﭘﻴﺶ رو ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻫﺰاران ﻣﻨﺒﻊ دﻳﮕﺮ در ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻣﺬﻛﻮر وﺟﻮد دارد .در اوج دوران ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻢ
و ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ ،اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﺰﻳﺰان داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت راﻳﮕﺎن ﺑﻮده
اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ و اﻫﻞ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ و آﻧﺮا ﺑﻪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎن و ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ.
ﻣﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ روزي ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﺮم و ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ
ﻛﺸﻮرم در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎ ﺑﺪون رﻳﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ در ﻧﺸﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم داده ام و اﻣﻴﺪوارم از
ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ در ﭘﮋوه ﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ،ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﻮان و ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ
ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد .ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﻳﻦ آﺛﺎر ،از زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ و ﺟﻮاﻧﻲ ﻣﺎن زده اﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻢ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ
را ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان ﻛﺸﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ و ﺣﺲ دﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرم را ادا ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .زﻣﺎﻧﻲ و اﻧﺮژي
ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺪه و ﻫﻤﻜﺎراﻧﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺪﻳﺪ آوردن و ﮔﺮدآوري اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارﻳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ و
ﺟﺒﺮان ﻧﻴﺴﺖ .ﻓﻠﺬا اﻣﻴﺪوارم ،ﺳﺨﻦ ﻛﺰ دل ﺑﺮآﻳﺪ ﻻﺟﺮم ﺑﺮ دل ﻧﺸﻴﻨﺪ.
در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮد ﻻزم ﻣﻲ داﻧﻢ از ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪري )دوﺳﺖ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪم( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻼش زﻳﺎد در ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان
ﻣﺘﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ زﺣﻤﺎت زﻳﺎدي را ﻣﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و آﻗﺎي ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪزادﮔﺎن ﻛﻪ زﺣﻤﺎت ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي
ﮔﺮاﻓﻴﻜﻲ و ﺻﻔﺤﻪ آراﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﻛﺸﻴﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺣﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺎ در ﭼﺎپ اﻳﻦ آﺛﺎر ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ ،ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ
را ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﻢ.
ﻟﻄﻔﺎً ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات و اﻧﺘﻘﺎدات از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ آدرس @farhamandpressﻳﺎ
ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺗﻠﮕﺮاﻣﻲ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز ﻟﺮزه اي ﺑﻪ آدرس @Seismicisolationﻳﺎ آي دي ﺗﻠﮕﺮاﻣﻲ
@AlirezaSalehinدر ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ.
ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻏﺰل اﺳﺘﺎد ﺳﺨﻦ ،ﺳﻌﺪي ﺷﻴﺮازي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻣﻲ رﺳﺎﻧﻢ.
ﮔﺬراﻧﻴﺪه ،ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺣﻴﻒ و ﭘﺸﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻛﺮده و اﻳﺎم ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﻮ
ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮآﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﺪاﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﻌﺪﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﺪان و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﮔﻮي
11
)- Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF
//2ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ
ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .از اﻳﻦ رو ،از ﻟﺤﺎظ رﻳﺎﺿﻲ ،ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺧﻄﻲ SDOFرا ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﻮد
)x (t) + cx& (t) + kx (t) = f(t
&& m )(1.1
c ،Mو kﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺟﺮم ،ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز ﺧﻄﻲ و ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ
آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,1ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و اﻳﻨﻜﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ 1.1bﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي cو kﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﺳﺨﺘﻲ
) x(tو ) x(tﺷﺘﺎب ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎلx(t) ،
&& & ,
) (.و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ اول و دوم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن tﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .در ﺳﻤﺖ راﺳﺖ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪf(t) ،
ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ اﺳﺖ .در ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ x(t) ،ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺮم و زﻣﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ.
از اﻳﻦ رو ،ﺷﺘﺎب ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن و ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻴﺮو ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮده ،ﻧﻤﺎد tدر اﻳﻨﺠﺎ
اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .در اداﻣﻪ ،ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ،ﻧﻤﺎد ) (tﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺣﺬف ﺷﻮد .ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ
1,2ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دﻳﻔﺮاﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ درﺟﻪ 2ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﺳﺖ.
)fs = cx(t
)& + kx(t )(1.3
ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ،ﺑﺼﻮرت )(m > 0
)f(t
i )= mx(t
&& )(1.4
) f(tﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ زﻣﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ .ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ را
i در ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ،
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ) (c ≥ 0ﻧﻮﺷﺖ:
)fd (t) = cx(t
& )(1.5
ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ،ﻓﻨﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد )(k > 0
)fr (t) =kx(t )(1.6
ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,5و 1,6ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ،1,3ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺳﺎزه اي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي
ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺳﺨﺘﻲ و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزه اي ،ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎي اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻲ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ
ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺳﺎزه اي ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻌﺪي ،ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ
ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎر زﻟﺰﻟﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ،ﻳﻚ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ
ﺷﻮد.
1,1,1,2ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺪل ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ
از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ، m ≠ 0ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﻴﻦ 2و ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,1ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد:
c k
x (t) +
&& x& (t) + x (t) = 0 )(1.7
m m
از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ دوي mو kﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ،ﻧﺴﺒﺖ kﺑﻪ mﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﺒﺎرت ﻣﺜﺐ ، 2n
k
= 2n )(1.8
m
ﺑﺮاي اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ c / mاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد .ﻋﺒﺎرت 2n
c
= 2 n )(1.9
m
ﻳﺎ
c = 2nm )(1.10
ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ
k = n2m )(1.11
ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ زاوﻳﻪ اي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,7اﺳﺖ .از در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و n
راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ دارﻳﻢ:
2
ﺗﻜﻴﻦ - Monic
//4ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ
k
= n )(1.12
m
و
c c
= = )(1.13
2 mk 2nm
ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ m-c-kرا ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺪون در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﻣﺪل m-c-k
اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺳﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ زاوﻳﻪ اي ، nﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ fnﻧﻴﺰ
اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺎن دادن اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻴﻜﻞ را ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ در ﻫﺮ واﺣﺪ از زﻣﺎن ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ،اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ،
1
= fn n )(1.14
2
در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري ﻣﻮارد ،ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ nو fnﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ،ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,14
ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﻫﺮ دوي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ
واﺣﺪ nراﻳﺪان ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ) (rad / sاﺳﺖ و fnﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ (1 / s) 1/ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ Fn .داراي واﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻮد
و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮﻳﻮد ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ:
Tn =1/fn )(1.15
ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ،SDOFﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺟﺮم ،ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.
اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ در ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ SDOFﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ .از ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت 1,8ﺗﺎ
1,12ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ Kﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺮژي
ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ و ﺟﺮم mواﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺮژي ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ،ﻣﺮﺑﻮط اﺳﺖ.
ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ،ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻧﺮژي ﻫﺎي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ و ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
ﻣﺜﺎل 1,1
ﺗﺼﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ SDOFﻣﻴﺮا ﻧﺸﺪه ﻣﺪل ﮔﺮدد .ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﻪ وزن 100
ﺗﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ،ﭘﺮﻳﻮد ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ T1 = 1.46sاﺳﺖ .زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ
ﺑﻪ وزن 100ﺗﻦ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ،ﭘﺮﻳﻮد داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ 1,5ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺟﺮم و
ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ SDOFرا ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ؟
و ﻛﻞ ﺟﺮم اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﺮم و ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ mو kﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺟﺮم 100ﺗﻨﻲ اول ﺑﺎ m1
200ﺗﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ m2ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ،ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎس ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺧﻮد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ،ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮم
ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ،آﻧﮕﺎه: اول 100ﺗﻨﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮم اﺿﺎﻓﻲ 100ﺗﻦ ﺑﺎ nو 1
ﻓﺼﻞ اول :ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد و ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ )ﻫﻤﺴﺎز( 5 //
k
= 1
m + m1
k
= 2
m + m2
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ
k = (m + m1)12
و
)k = (m+m2 2
2
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ از ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻓﻮق دارﻳﻢ:
) (m + m1) = (m + m2
2
1
2
2
ﻳﺎ
m112 − m2 22 m1 T1−2 − m2 T2−2 m1 T22 − m2 T12
=m = = )= 1,700 (t
22 − 21 T2−2 − T1−2 T12 − T22
ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه
2
4
) k = (m + m1 )12 = (m + m1 )= 33,343 (kN / m
T12
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از:
k
= n
m
ﺑﺼﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ
n 1 k
= fn = )= 0.7 (Hz
2 2 m
ﻣﺜﺎل 1,2
ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﻟﺮزه اي را ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻚ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ
ﻛﻢ ) (underdampedﺗﺼﻮر ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ ) K = 19935 (KN / mو m = 2000 tدر ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ) .در
ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ،ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ از ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﻢ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ
ﺷﺪ( .ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻟﺮزه اي ،ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ %13اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ،ﺑﺎ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ،ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ %30ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻃﺮاح ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ از ﻳﻚ
ﻣﻴﺮاﮔﺮ وﻳﺴﻜﻮز ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ .ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز را ﺣﺴﺎب
ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ؟
ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد:
//6ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ
3
- Critically Damped
ﻓﺼﻞ اول :ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد و ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ )ﻫﻤﺴﺎز( 9 //
> 1, )(1.28
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,20را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎزﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻛﺮد:
1,2 = − n ± 2 − 1 n )(1.29
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ داراي دو ﺟﻮاب ﻣﺠﺰاي ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه
ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ و ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه ،ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ وﻳﮋه ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ دﻳﮕﺮ
وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ .ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ دو ﺷﺒﻪ-ﻣﻮد درﺟﻪ اول ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻧﺮژي ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﻣﻮد
وﺟﻮد ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ،دو ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻦ دو
ﻣﻮرد ،ﺟﺮم ﻫﻨﻮز ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻮﺳﺎن از ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ،اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ
ﻧﻮﺳﺎن در ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ.
ﻣﺜﺎل 1,3
ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ را ﺗﺼﻮر ﻛﻨﻴﺪ
m 2 + c + k = 0
ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ را ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﻴﺪ .از ﺧﻮاص ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ 12و 1 + 2را ﻛﻪ در آن 1و 2
ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ درﺟﻪ 2دارﻳﻢ،
k
= 12
m
و
c
1 + 2 = −
m
ﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﻴﺮا ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺻﺎدق
ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ،اﮔﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،آﻧﮕﺎه:
1,2 = − n ± j 1 − 2 n
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ
k
= 1 2 = 1 *1 = n2
m
ﻧﺸﺎن ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ * ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺰدوج ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ،ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد
ﻛﻪ
k
= 2n
m
ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه
1 + =−n + (−n) =−2n
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ
//10ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ
c
− 2 n = −
m
ﻳﺎ
c
= 2 n
m
1,1,2ﺟﻮاب ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ،ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ
ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,1ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮد(1) :
ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ،ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه و ارﺗﻌﺎش اﺟﺒﺎري ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ اﺟﺒﺎري؛ ) (2ارﺗﻌﺎش
ﭘﺮﻳﻮدﻳﻚ ،ﭘﺎﺳﺦ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ آرام ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻳﻮدﻳﻚ و ) (3ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎي
ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ.
ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد ،ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ورودي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد .ورودي ﻫﻢ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ
اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و/ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ اﺟﺒﺎري ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ،ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻴﺮوﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ
ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ اﺟﺒﺎري ﮔﺮدد .اﮔﺮ ورودي ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،آﻧﮕﺎه ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آزاد رخ
ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,1ﻳﻚ ﺟﻮاب آزاد-ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه اﮔﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻛﺎرت در ﺷﻜﻞ 1.1.a
ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﺷﻮد ،ﻳﺎ داراي ﻣﻘﺪاري ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد .ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ
اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ اﻓﺰوده ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺮدد .در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ،ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,7اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ .ﻳﻚ
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ SDOFﺑﺎ K = 100 ، M= 2و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ واﺣﺪ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺗﺼﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ
دو ﻣﻮرد داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد ،اوﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ %5ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و دوﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ %50ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ .ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي دو
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ در ﺷﻜﻞ 1,3ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻄﻮر
ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ،ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ،ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﻮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد.
ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻴﻤﻪ-ﻣﺤﺪود ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻻ ،ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ -آزاد 4ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ
ﺧﺎص ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد:
) x(t) = Ae−nt sin(dt +
ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ
⎧ x (0) = d0
⎨ )(1.31
⎩ x& (0) = v 0
ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ-آزاد
4
-Free-Decay
ﻓﺼﻞ اول :ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد و ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ )ﻫﻤﺴﺎز( 11 //
ﺷﻜﻞ -1,5ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي زوال-آزاد ) = 0.01 (aو ). = 0.30 (b
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ
In(x2 /x10 ) = n (t10 − t2 ) =In(200) = 5.298
از اﻳﻦ رو
) In(x2 / x10 5.298
= =
) n (t10 − t2 ) n (t10 − t2
ﻓﺼﻞ اول :ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد و ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ )ﻫﻤﺴﺎز( 15 //
ﺗﺎ 8 ، t10ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ دوره ﭘﺮﻳﻮد 2/dرا ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ از t2
ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ
)2(10 − 2 16
= ) n (t10 − t2 =
1− 2
1 − 2
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ %10,5اﺳﺖ.
ﻣﺜﺎل 5,1
دو ﻣﻮرد ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ SDOFﺑﺎ دو ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ .ﻣﻮرد اول داراي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ
ﺻﻔﺮ ) (Vo = 0در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮرد دوم داراي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﺻﻔﺮ ) (do = 0اﺳﺖ .راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و
داﻣﻨﻪ Aرا ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اوج ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ را ﺑﺮاي 2ﻣﻮرد ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟
اﺳﺖ ،آزﻣﻮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,33دارﻳﻢ: ﻣﻮرد اول ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن اوﻟﻴﻪ do
1 d0 ⎛ 2 ⎞
=A = (v 0 + n d 0 )2 + ( d d 0 )2 ≈⎜1 + ⎟ d0
d ⎝ 1 − 2 2 ⎠
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن Aﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرت 1 + /2اﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ،ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ
2
ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،داﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ Aدر اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ،ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﮔﺰاره ﺣﺲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك آن
اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ داﻣﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ Aﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ داراي ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮي ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ
ﺑﻮد ،ﭼﺮا ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ-آزاد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن اوﻟﻴﻪ ،ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.
اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,38ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض v = 0و ﺣﻞ آن
ﺑﺮاي زﻣﺎن tاﺛﺒﺎت ﻧﻤﻮد .در ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ،ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,36ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ
ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻗﺮارداده ﺷﻮد.
Ane−nt cos(nt + + ) = 0
. n + +ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎ . V0 =0 ﻳﺎ cos(n + + ) = 0ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ = /2
−1
⎞ ⎛ 1 − 2 ⎞ ⎛
⎜ + = tan ⎜ ⎟ + tan−1 ⎟ = /2
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ 2
⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 1−
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﻛﺴﺘﺮﻣﻢ t ،ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﻮد ،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺪار اوج ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن
ﺑﻪ آن اﺷﺎره ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ، t =0ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﭼﻴﺰي ﺟﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ xmax
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن اوﻟﻴﻪ d0ﻧﻴﺴﺖ .از اﻳﻦ رو،
xmax = d0
//16ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ
ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ،ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ،ﻣﻘﺪار اوج ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ از ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ
ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ،ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ داﻣﻨﻪ Aرا ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار داده و ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ
ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﻮرد دوم ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ v0ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ ،آزﻣﻮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ،1,33
1 v0 v0
=A = (v 0 + n d0 )2 + ( d d0 )2 =
d d 1 − 2 n
ﻣﺜﺒﺖ: و از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,34و ،1,35ﺑﺎ v0
=0
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ،1,30ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.
v0 − nt
= )x(t )e sin(dt
d
ﺑﺮاي ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اوج ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ،ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.
d v
[ x(t)] = 0 ⎡⎣(−n )e−nt sin(dt) + e−ntd cos(dt)⎤⎦ = 0
dt d
ﻛﻪ از آن دارﻳﻢ:
)sin( d t 1 − 2
=
)cos ( d t
اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن tﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار اوج ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ،ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ:
1 1 − 2
=t tan −1
d
ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,39ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ از آﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ) sin(f tﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،داﻣﻨﻪ x0
ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ:
f0 / m
= x0 )(1.42
(
2
n − f)
2 2
) + (2n f 2
در ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ،زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻓﺎز ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت
زﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد:
//18ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در اﺻﻼح ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ
⎤ ⎧ −1 ⎡ 2n f
⎪ tan ⎢ 2 ⎥ 2
+ h , n ≠ f
⎨= ⎦ ⎣ f − n )(1.43
⎪ − / 2, n = f
⎩
از ﻟﺤﺎظ رﻳﺎﺿﻲ ،ﻋﺒﺎرت زاوﻳﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻂ دوم ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ،1,43ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ
ﺣﺎل ،ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ n =fﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻋﺒﺎرت داﺧﻞ ﭘﺮاﻧﺘﺰ داراي دﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎن ﺻﻔﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ
ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ،ﺗﺎﺑﻊ آرك ﺗﺎﻧﮋاﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ
ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺟﻮاﺑﻲ در ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ دو رﺑﻊ داﻳﺮه اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ )ﺑﺮاي
ﻣﺜﺎل MATLABﺟﻮاﺑﻲ در رﺑﻊ داﻳﺮه ﻫﺎي اول و ﭼﻬﺎرم اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ( .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ،ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻮﻳﺴﺎﻳﺪ h
ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻮاب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد:
⎧ 0, n < f
⎨ = h )(1.44
⎩ −1, n > f
در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻌﺪي ،داﻣﻨﻪ x0و ﻓﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻮاﺑﻌﻲ از ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .در
اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ،از ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻮاب ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 900ﺟﻠﻮﺗﺮ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ
آﻳﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ،در ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ،ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ 900ﺟﻠﻮﺗﺮ از ﻧﻴﺮوي
ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ.
1,1,3,2روش ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ mx&& + cx& + kxﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﭘﻴﺶ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه )f = f0 sin(f t
ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ داراي ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ) f = f0 cos(f tﺑﺎﺷﺪ .در ﻣﻮرد آﺧﺮي:
) xps = x0 cos(f t +
و ﻓﺎز در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت 1,42و 1,43ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ آﺳﺎن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﻢ داﻣﻨﻪ x0
ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮرد ) f = f0 sin(f tﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﻮد .از آﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ
ﻧﻴﺮوﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد:
f = f0 cos(f t) + jf0 sin(f t) = f0ejf t )(1.45
ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ:
xps = x0 cos(f t + ) + jx0 sin(f t + ) = x0ej(f t+) = x0ejf t = xp0ejf t )(1.46
در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ xp0 ،داﻣﻨﻪ داراي ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ xpsاﺳﺖ.
xp0 = x0ej
ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل
x p0 = x 0 )(1.47
ﻓﺼﻞ اول :ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد و ﻫﺎرﺗﻜﻴﻦ )ﻫﻤﺴﺎز( 19 //
و
= )∠(xp0 )(1.48
ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ) (0اﺳﺖ .در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,48ﻧﻤﺎد )∠ (. در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ،1,47ﻧﻤﺎد )(.
ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ) (0اﺳﺖ .ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ داﻣﻨﻪ x0و زاوﻳﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت
1,42و 1,43ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﺷﻮد .ﺷﻜﻞ 1,6راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي واﻗﻌﻲ و ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ
ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮدار دوراﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ f0 ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ اﺟﺒﺎري و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ .ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻴﺮوﻳﻲf (t) ،
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ زاوﻳﻪ اي fﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮش روي ﻣﺤﻮر ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ Re
ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ،ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ fp cosf tو
ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﺎ lmﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ . mf0 sinf tدر ﻫﺮ زﻣﺎن ،tزاوﻳﻪ f tﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮب ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ fو
زﻣﺎن tاﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زاوﻳﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ 1,6ﺑﻪ آن ﻧﮕﺎه ﻛﺮد .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ،ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه
) kx(tﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮدار ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ kxoو زاوﻳﻪ ﻓﺎزي در ﻗﻴﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوي ) f (tﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻧﻴﺮوي
ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ داراي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ زاوﻳﻪ اي fاﺳﺖ .ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ داراي ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ
روي ﻣﺤﻮر Reﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ 1,6اﺳﺖ .ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ آن روي ﻣﺤﻮر Imﺑﺎﻳﺪ kxo ) kx0 cos(f t +
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ،ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ) cx& (tﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ) sin(f t +
cxو زاوﻳﻪ ﻓﺎزي /2در ﻗﻴﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوي ) kx (tﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﻮد .ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ
ﺑﺮدار ﺳﻮم ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ f 0
ﻧﻴﺰ داراي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ زاوﻳﻪ اي fاﺳﺖ .ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ داراي ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ) f 0 cos(f t +
cxروي
ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر Reاﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺷﻜﻞ 1,6ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ آن روي ﻣﺤﻮر lm
) cf x0 sin(f t +ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ) m &&x (tﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺮدار ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ −mf x0و زاوﻳﻪ ﻓﺎزي /2در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ
2
ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ) cx& (tﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﻮد .ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ داراي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ زاوﻳﻪ اي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ f tاﺳﺖ.
ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ آن داراي ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ) −mf x0 cos(f t +روي ﻣﺤﻮر Reﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ 1,6
2
اﺳﺖ .ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ آن روي ﻣﺤﻮر Imﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ) −mf x0 sin(f t +ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺷﻜﻞ
2
1,6ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮداري ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻴﺮوﻳﻲ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد،
ﭼﻬﺎر وﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎص M-C-Kﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد .اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺮ دوي ﺗﻔﺎوت
داﻣﻨﻪ و ﻓﺎزﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه ،ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ .ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ
را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ x0در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,42اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد .ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ زواﻳﺎي ﻓﺎزي را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ در
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,43ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد .اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ را ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ رﺳﻢ رﺑﻊ داﻳﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ
1,6ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺳﻮم ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ
ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت 1,42و 1,43ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪﻧﺪ ،ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ روي ﻣﺤﻮر Imﻳﺎ روي ﻣﺤﻮر Reاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 1,6ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮدارﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﺮو و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ زده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ،
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ،روي ﻣﺤﻮر ،Reﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻛﺴﻴﻮﻧﺴﻲ روي ﻣﺤﻮر Imﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ
ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ،زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﻮر Reﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ،ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ
ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ f tو ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻓﺎز ،ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﺮوﻳﻲ و ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﻮر Imﻧﺸﺎن داد
و ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ .اﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ دﻻﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ آن دارد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ
را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد ﺗﺎ راه ﺣﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ) (steady-state solutionsرا اراﺋﻪ ﻛﺮد .ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت
دﻳﮕﺮ ،زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ )ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ،ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ و ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ،دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ.
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ 3 ،دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮاً ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ،ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ )ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ( ﺳﺎده ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻫﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ
ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ را ﻣﻲ
ﺗﻮان ﺑﺪون از دﺳﺖ دادن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورد ،از آﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ
ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮاً ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان روش ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ارﺟﺎع داده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد.
1,1,3,3ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﻫﺎﻣﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ
در ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ،ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺜﺎل،
)⎧mx&& + cx& + kx = f0 cos(f t
⎪
⎨ x(0) = 0 )(1.49
⎪ & =0
)x(0
⎩
ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻴﺮوﻳﻲ f0 sinf tﺟﻮاب وﻳﮋه ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1,49اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮاب ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ
ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ 1.40aرا ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ ،وﻟﻲ داراي ﻳﻚ ﺟﻮاب اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ) xpt (tاﺳﺖ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ،